IMPACT : International Journal of Research in Applied, Natural and Social Sciences

11-18

Authors: Ravindra Singh, Jagrati Tiwari & Narendra Kumar Ahirwar

Khajuraho is known for their art and beautiful artwork internationally. This beautiful place is located in the Chhatarpur district of Madhya Pradesh, India. Total 21 temples are surviving in the present out of 84 temples. The open exposure of the temple to the environment causes discoloration and ugly look of the temple. It has been observed during the study on the temple, several species of fungi and higher plant species like grasses and weeds cause the damage and deterioration of the temple. Different fungal flora like Alternativa alternata, Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, A. fumigates, Chitridium sps., Culvularia lunata, Fusarium oxysporium, Rhizopus vigricans, and Mucor sps. etc. isolated. Also found in various macroflora like Amaranthus viridis, Auria scandence, Beorhaavia diffuse, Bothriocloa pertusa, Cassia tora, Cynodon dactylon, Euphorbia hirta, Ficus religiosa, Ficus benghalensis, Indigofera sps, and Oxalis trifolia etc. identified and calculated similarity, dissimilarity index and frequency of flora in the present study. The present research work mainly focused on the distribution and diversity of the Eastern group of temples and Southern group of temples at Khajuraho.

33-46

Authors: Whitehead Zikhali

Rural development has been attempted in Zimbabwe both prior to independence and in the post-independent era. While results have been meager, very few studies have attempted to give a portrayal of the state of development in certain places. Moreover, few studies attend to localized experiences of such development. This study makes a modest contribution towards filling this lacuna. It employs Michael Lipton’s urban bias theory as a theoretical framework to make sense of the situation in Zimbabwe. Using a case study approach, the study focussed on Nkayi District in Matabeleland North province. Within the case study, purposively selected interviews and observations were conducted. The findings are that (1) not all key development has been state-led; (2) small strides have been made in terms of infrastructure and these strides tend to be sector specific; (3) Nkayi suffers from poor infrastructural development, and; (4) resident’s perceptions of service delivery in such sectors as health and education are average in the main.

11-18

Authors: Jagat Krishna Pokharel

Education helps a child become a useful and a responsible member of the society. It is regarded as the a greatest force in for the development of a nation economically, socially and culturally. Therefore, all citizens of a nation must have at least basic education to gain functional knowledge, skill to perform citizen’s responsibilities as a citizen of the democratic country. In the context of school education in Nepal, most of the students fail or achieve a low score in mathematics that creates the barrier for the further study. The present study attempts to find out the basic causes and factors that create the low achievement in mathematics in students of grade IX and X. The researcher himself went to the field and consulted to the sample population. He based his research on achievement test and found that the low achievement in mathematics in grade IX and X is alarming. The girls, the students from rural areas and family with low income have worse result in mathematics.

25-30

Authors: Nur Rahmah

The purpose of this research is to examine self efficacy of pre-service physics teachers and compare self -efficacy betrween the early year of pre-service physics teachers and final year of pre-service physics teachers. The sample in this study amounted to 50 students prospective teachers taken through proportional stratified random sampling. The instrument of data collection using questionnaire with a Likert scale which includes self -efficacy questionnaires. Data analysis technique used descriptive analysis and inferential analysis with the statistical test "t". Based on the results of data analysis using descriptive statistics for early year pre-service physics’ self -efficacy teachers obtained an average of 72.88 with sufficient category, from the ideal value 96 obtained the lowest score of 57 and the highest value 93 and self-belief student physics final year pre-service physics’ self -efficacy teachers obtained the average value 79 with high category, from the ideal value 96 obtained the lowest score 62 and the highest score 91. The inferential statistic states there is a significant difference in self-efficacy between the early year pre-service physics’ self -efficacy teachers and the other one.

43-50

Authors: Anita Nigam, Satish Chandra & A. M. Saxena

Backgrounds: Genus Lecithochirium Luhe, 1901 (Trematoda: Hemiuridae Luhe, 1901) is one of the most important digenean trematode parasites with wide geographic distribution in the world. The purpose of the present study was to describe morph metrical characteristics of Lecithochirium species, currently prevalent in marine fish Mugil cephalus (Russell) and Tetrad on lunar is (Bl. and Schn.) of Puri, Odisha with Geographical Coordinates 19°48′17″N 85°49′6″E. Methods: Gastro-intestinal organs of Mugil cephalus (Russell) and Tetrad on lunar is (Bl. and Schn.) at Puri, Odisha (India), were examined for infectivity with marine fish digenean trematode species. For examination and measurements of digenean, acetoalum carmine staining was performed, followed by camera Lucida drawings of morphological characters and measurements of morph metrical criteria with a calibrated microscope. Using valid trematode systematic keys, almost all the parasites were identified at the level of species. Results: Total 45 marine fishes were found infected with at least two species of Lecithochirium. Considering morphological characteristics of Lecithochirium, two species were identified as new species including Lecithochirium mugilensis sp. nov. and Lecithochirium deeghai sp. nov. Conclusion: During the survey of marine digenetic trematode parasites, collected two different species of the genus Lecithochirium, out of these two are new species, another are red scribed to show certain variation, the new parasites were obtained from the stomach of the marine fish Mugil cephalus (Russell) and Tetrad on lunar is (Bl. and Schn).

59-66

Authors: Chandra Perwira Negara, Elly Malihah Setiadi& Wilodati

This research is motivated by the problem of moral degradation among street children. They not only become victims of abuse and discrimination by others, but also experience a moral decline due to a bad environment. This study uses a qualitative approach with case study methods that attempt to reveal various information in depth. Based on the analysis, the results of this study conclude that (1) Character education should involve various parties such as parents, school, and government (2) Street children are vulnerable to moral eradication, thus demanding character education. (3) Character education should refer to comprehensive strategies, methods, and approaches.

71-76

Authors: Arief Abdul Malik, DeviaAnggita Anggelia, Adang Suherman& Yudy Hendrayana

Obesity is a disease that occurs due to the accumulation of excess fat tissue in the body and it is bad for health. This study aims to determine the frequency of physical activity, BMI category and the relation between physical activities with the level of BMI. The respondents are 99 adolescents aged 15-19 years old. They were selected using random sampling techniques. Physical activity was measured using the PAQ-A instrument and BMI levels were assessed by height, weight, gender, and age range. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation test. The calculation results showed no relationship between physical activity with BMI (r = 0.112; p = 0.271> 0.05). Most students have the light category of physical activity and normal BMI levels.

91-98

Authors: Vidhya. G, Revathi. K & Anjalai. K

The present study was carried out in Jolly Bouy Island of Andaman and Nicobar. The selected location is very famous for water corals. Hence, we made an attempt to identify the bacteria associated with corals of Jolly Bouy. The corals collected are Acropora robusta, Favites abtida, Favites complanata, Favites flexuosa, Favites pentagona, Favites russelli, Goniastrea rotiformis, Montastrea colemani, Pavona venosa, Porites solida, Psammacora obtusangula. Molecular characteristics of microbes isolated from corals were also done using universal bacterial primers, corresponding to E. coli positions 27f (5′-AGRGTTTGATCMTGGCTCAG-3′) and 1525r (5′-AAGGAGGTGWTCCARCC- 3′). Amplification was performed in Veriti Thermal Cycler (Applied Biosystems, USA) and 1X GT PCR master mix (TaKaRa). The 16S r DNA of the bacterial species was sequenced and the sequences of isolates were searched against the NCBI and EzTaxon database. The sequence analysis revealed 100% homology to Ruegeria arenilitoris G-M8 (JQ807219), Vibrio neocaledonicus NC470 (JQ934828), Vibrio Azureus NBRC 104587 (BATL01000140), 99.87% homology to Vibrio Azureus NBRC 104587 (BATL01000140) and 99.62% homology to Vibrio alginolyticus NBRC 15630 (CP006718). The identified strains formed an evolutionarily distinct lineage. Earlier studies had shown the identified bacterial species were the main pathogens responsible for coral bleaching. These pathogenic infections might be one of the reasons for the decrease in the coral population. Further studies are needed to evaluate the same.

111-116

Authors: Anjalai. K , Revathi. K , Vidhya. G , Kirubakaran. R & Babu. M

The serum biochemical profile of the Japanese quail was estimated the parameters which were evaluated include serum cholesterol, triglycerides (TGL), total proteins, albumin, globulin, and glucose. The major focus in research is to provide a nutritional feed alternative which ensures the health of the animals. The nutritional preparations along with the algae (Chlorella vulgaris) in powdered form was incorporated in (control, 5g, 1g, 20g & 40g Chlorella vulgaris per kg of feed) the basal diet of Japanese quail. The biochemical profile showed changes in the level with age of the Japanese quails fed with Chlorella vulgaris. Ageing increased cholesterol and triglyceride level. Increasing algae level proportionately reduced the cholesterol and triglyceride level. The total proteins, albumin, globulin and glucose content of the quails fed with Chlorella vulgaris increased with age.

7-16

Authors: Praheli Dhar Chowdhuri & Suman Meyur

Migration has been part and parcel of human life throughout the history and it is an important to factor in redistribution of the population over time and space. Across the world and country people are on move, seeking for a better life, future and opportunities for self/family and some move as due to some natural calamity. A study by UN in 2016 found that India had the largest “diaspora” in the world, which is around 16 million followed by other countries. Globally almost half of all international migrants are women. Around 50 per cent women migrant of the entire migrant, increasingly migrate for a new job, opportunities, independently as a breadwinner for the families and some migrate as the dependent.Apart from this, there is also a growing demand for labour and mostly focused on domestic work, services, hospitality, and sex across the country and globe. Indeed, labour migration help and benefit women through economic and socio-cultural empowerment, but still they are surrounded and exposed to a variety of abuse and risks arising from their mobility due to their dual vulnerability as migrants and women. In all migration streams (Urban to rural, rural to urban, Urban to urban) the men migrant contribution per cent was more than their women counterparts, except in rural to rural migration stream where migration rate of women migrant was found to be distinct (70.00 %). Migration rate of women migrant in both rural (47.7 %) and urban area (45.6 %) was found to be higher than migration rate of men migrant (rural 5.4 %, urban 25.9 %). The migration ,as caused by several reasons, in employment related reason migration rate of urban men migrant, was spotted more compared to rural men migrant but in security-related reasons women migrants were found dominant compared to their counterparts. Migration rate of women migrant increased in the age group of 20-24 years and 25-29 years. And among the Northeastern states, Sikkim was found to have the highest per cent of women migrant in both rural(41.1 %) and urban areas (72.9 %) per 1000 person. Migration indeed brings better opportunities to the migrant, but positive and negative impacts of migration are two sides of the same coin. It facilities growth in the economy, at the same time, involves social isolation and poor access to basic amenities. It creates a shortage of worker, lower business in rural areas The present study is based on reviews and Secondary data extracted from NSSO. This paper attempted to give a brief overview of internal migration among Gender and some recommendation based on a study that the responsible authority should plan for providing incentives to reduce undesired migration, rural development programmes which aimed at increasing rural production, efficiency, and incomes.

27-32

Authors: Chandrama Goswami

Growth in technology, increase in computing knowledge to both consumers and enterprises, and internet connectivity has changed the traditional way of doing business. These technological growths have brought about changes in the way a work is done and also changes the worker too. Due to this workers undergo depression and anxiety anticipating job loss by technologically generated workplace changes. However, increased digitalization of the workplace has been an advantage for the organizations through increased productivity, cost savings, a more mobile and agile workplace and increased adaptability in the complex marketplace. Moreover, the new digital workplace has its own challenges too. Anxiety is a commonly observed problem among the workers, due to the introduction of technology in the workplace. The feeling of anxiety and frustration leads to resistance; which ultimately rejects the benefits the management had hoped to accumulate by executing it. If such resistance is not properly dealt with at the organizational level, it may compromise with the intellectual and/or emotional capacity of the workers to adjust with the introduction of the growing new technology. An effort to manage the period of transformation is required to navigate the tension between the negative and positive perspectives on the growing displacement of human labour by technology. The displacement of the worker may result in economic divergence between rich and poor, economic poverty, social unrest for growing numbers of dislocated workers, backlashes against technology and economic and social decline. The use of technology if handled properly, to replace workaday, lackluster, repetitive, dangerous or strenuous labour could make it possible to live more meaningful and contented lives.

53-62

Authors: Nadia Kasem Alaswad , Elham Mohamed Ahmed , Afkar Ragab Mohamed , Soheir Abd-Rabu Mohamed 5 & Mamdouh Aboul-Hassan

Cleft palate (CP) or palatoschisis is a congenital incomplete closure of the mouth roof (palate) as a result of the failure of fusion of the palate during embryonic development, failure to detect and diagnose CP early after birth can exacerbate the problem and contribute to weight loss especially in isolated CP. Nursing care must not focus on the children alone, but also involve their mothers and not just given immediately before and after the surgical procedure, but from detection of the CP along with the treatment journey. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of supportive care for mothers on weight gain of their children with CP. Time series quasi -experimental research design was utilized to fit the aim of the current study. The study was conducted in the out-patient clinic at Cairo University Specialized Pediatric Hospital. A purposive sample of 60 mothers of children who diagnosed as isolated CP or associated with repaired cleft lip up to two years old have participated in the study. Data were collected using the following tools: Structured interview questionnaire, Egyptian Growth Curve Chart (EGCC) (2002), Mothers' knowledge assessment sheet, and Mothers' practice assessment checklist. The study results revealed that mothers who received supportive care had a higher mean score of knowledge and improved levels of practice regarding care of their children with CP than those in the control group. Children of mothers who received supportive care had a higher mean of body weight gain than those in the control group. The results also demonstrated that there were statistically significant positive correlations between children’ weight gain and total mean score of mothers’ knowledge in the immediate post-test and two weeks after surgery. The study results concluded that, the application of supportive care for mothers of children with CP has a positive effect on their children body weight gain.

67-78

Authors: Basma Mohamed Osman , Heba Magdy Elshara & Effat Elkarmalawy

The aim of the current study was to assess oral and dental nursing care knowledge and practice among nurses working at the primary dental clinic. Propose an oral and dental nursing training program based on nurses’ knowledge and practice. A cross- sectional survey study design was utilized to attain the aim of the study. The study sample consisted of a cross-sectional sample of 112 nurses working at a dental clinic in Primary Health Care (PHC) setting. Two tools were developed by the researcher were used for data collection: oral& dental nursing care knowledge questionnaire and Nurses' practices observational checklist. The study results indicated that the majority of nurses have poor knowledge and practice regarding dental nursing care. The majority of nurses didn’t receive any dental health topic in their academic education. Majority of nurses didn’t receive any training related to on dental health in their nursing carrier. A significant relationship was found between total practice scores, years of experience and previous training on oral &dental nursing care. Also, a significant relationship was detected between nurses’ total knowledge and total practice scores. Conclusions: oral &dental nursing care knowledge and practice were poor among nurses working at a primary dental clinic. The Current study recommended implementation of the proposed training program for nurses working at a primary dental clinic to improve their knowledge and practice regarding dental nursing care.

97-116

Authors: Rehab Fouad Abd-Elkodoos, Effat Mohammed Alkarmalawy Laila Kamal El Din Effat & Heba Magdy Sharaa

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a chronic disorder which needs family caregivers' daily effort to deal with the child's disabilities and to maintain a special rehabilitation and diet program. Family caregivers play a pivotal role in the management of childhood Phenylketonuria. The aim of the study was to suggest a protocol of care for family caregivers of children with phenylketonuria based on their needs assessment. A Methodological research design was utilized to fit the aim of the study. The study was conducted at the children clinic of metabolic disorder of the Social Preventive Medicine Center, affiliated to Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University. A purposive sample of 50 family caregivers and their children with PKU were included in the study. Data was collected using the following tools: I-Family caregivers structured questionnaire, II-Family caregiver's knowledge assessment questionnaire (Needs assessment), III- Observational checklist of family caregivers and IV- Needs assessment structured questionnaire for PKU children. The study revealed that 52.0% of the PKU children were females with a mean age of 7.8± 4.8, all family caregivers were females with a mean age of 37.7±8.1 and 64.0% of them had poor knowledge. The majority of the family caregivers had an unsatisfactory level of practice. A highly statistically significant positive correlation was found between the family caregivers’ total knowledge scores and their total practices scores which means that the family caregivers’ knowledge had an effect on their practices. This study proved that the nursing care protocol significantly improved the family caregivers' knowledge and practices related to the care of their children with PKU. The study recommended the publication and dissemination of the nursing care protocol in all maternal and child health care centers for families having children with PKU to provide knowledge and skills help them in caring for their PKU children at home and to raise their awareness about the disease management to prevent its complications

129-136

Authors: K. Kumar & N. K. Tripathi

The binding constant is a very important factor of coordination complexes which play a very significant role in all the area of our life. Here we discuss about very effective evaluation method using potentiometric analytical technique and SCOGS and ORIGIN computational study applying on Cd (II) and Pb (II) divalent metal ions with 2- ASA and 2,4- DHP as ligand resulting the exact value of binding constants of all the complexes and other species formed in our experiment.

13-26

Authors: Mervat M. Abu Zead, Bassamat O. Ahmed & Abeer S. Eswi

Clinical nursing practice learning constitutes a central part of nursing education. Student nurses may experience problems and difficulties during their initial clinical exposure, therefore the aim of the current study was to explore in depth and interpret the lived experience of student nurses during initial clinical practice. A hermeneutic qualitative research design was used with purposive sample of 12 participants; 7 females and 5 males. Data were collected through semi structured interview using digital voice recording. Six themes were emerged from the data analysis as follows: patient related concerns; clinical reality shock; faculty related stressors; ward nurses' issues; peer influence; and students' coping. The study concluded that the initial clinical practice as explored by the study participants were negative and un-satisfactory experience. The study highlights the need to reform clinical teaching strategy and convey the necessity for creating innovative models for clinical education especially during the initial clinical practice.

33-68

Authors: Dharmender Jaglan & Chnapreet Singh Bindra

Huntington's disease (HD) is a genetic, progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the gradual development of involuntary muscle movements and associated with severe degeneration of basal ganglia neurons (Paulsen et al., 2008; Raymond et al., 2011). An expanded unstable CAG trinucleotide repeat within the coding region of the HD gene has been identified as the genetic mutation responsible for the disease (HD Collaborative Research Group, 1993). The progression of disease is generally late-onset and characterized by psychiatric, cognitive and motor disturbances (Shannon, 2011) due to progressive neurodegeneration in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, striatum and basal ganglia (Bates, 2004; Hart et al., 2013). In some cases, involuntary movements may be prominent even in the early stages. As documented, first signs of HD are behavioral disturbances and learning difficulties (Paulsen & Canybeare, 2005; Stout et al., 2012).

77-90

Authors: Manal Mohamed Elsawy, Mona Sadek Shenoda& Gehan Mostafa Ismail

Genetic disorders and congenital anomalies are rapidly becoming a major public health concern in Egypt. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effectiveness of educational program about genetic disorders on knowledge and beliefs of high risk women. A quasi-experimental research design was utilized to fit the aim of the study. The study was conducted at family health center of Bani Mohamed village, Assuit governorate, Upper Egypt region. A purposive sample of 44 women who are at risk for developing genetic disorders were included in the study. Data were collected using the following tools: 1- Structured interviewing knowledge questionnaire 2- Health Beliefs Assessment Tool. The study revealed that, a highly statistically significant difference between total knowledge scores and total health belief scores among women in pre, post and follow up test. The women’s total knowledge scores was increased in post and follows up test compared to pre test and women’s total health belief scores was increased and they had positive beliefs in post and follows up test compared to pre test. The study results concluded that, there was an improvement in the knowledge and health beliefs to prevent genetic disorders among women after program implementation which emphasized that educational program have significant positive effect on increasing knowledge and beliefs of women about genetic disorders prevention.

99-104

Authors: R. Prabhavathi, A. Sharada Devi, D. Anitha & A. Padma

In this article we reviewed shade variations of mordanted Eucalyptus bark natural dyed cottons and post treated with different eco-friendly dye fixing agents. Eco-friendly mordants such as Alum, Stannous Chloride and Ferrous Sulphate were used. Eucalyptus bark dye was selected due to its easy availability. A pre-treatment with myrobalan has been given for better dye uptake. After mordanted and dyed cotton sample was post treated with five eco-friendly dye fixing agents such as Alum, Ammonia, Lime juice, Vinegar and Calcium Chloride for Shade variations in Eucalyptus bark natural dye on cotton and analysed