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INTERNAL GENDER MIGRATION: A MOVE FOR SEEKING BETTER LIFE OPPORTUNITIES
Authors: Praheli Dhar Chowdhuri & Suman Meyur

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Migration has been part and parcel of human life throughout the history and it is an important to factor in
redistribution of the population over time and space. Across the world and country people are on move, seeking for a
better life, future and opportunities for self/family and some move as due to some natural calamity. A study by UN in 2016
found that India had the largest “diaspora” in the world, which is around 16 million followed by other countries. Globally
almost half of all international migrants are women. Around 50 per cent women migrant of the entire migrant, increasingly
migrate for a new job, opportunities, independently as a breadwinner for the families and some migrate as the
dependent.Apart from this, there is also a growing demand for labour and mostly focused on domestic work, services,
hospitality, and sex across the country and globe. Indeed, labour migration help and benefit women through economic and
socio-cultural empowerment, but still they are surrounded and exposed to a variety of abuse and risks arising from their
mobility due to their dual vulnerability as migrants and women. In all migration streams (Urban to rural, rural to urban,
Urban to urban) the men migrant contribution per cent was more than their women counterparts, except in rural to rural
migration stream where migration rate of women migrant was found to be distinct (70.00 %). Migration rate of women
migrant in both rural (47.7 %) and urban area (45.6 %) was found to be higher than migration rate of men migrant
(rural 5.4 %, urban 25.9 %). The migration ,as caused by several reasons, in employment related reason migration rate of
urban men migrant, was spotted more compared to rural men migrant but in security-related reasons women migrants
were found dominant compared to their counterparts. Migration rate of women migrant increased in the age group of
20-24 years and 25-29 years. And among the Northeastern states, Sikkim was found to have the highest per cent of women
migrant in both rural(41.1 %) and urban areas (72.9 %) per 1000 person. Migration indeed brings better opportunities to
the migrant, but positive and negative impacts of migration are two sides of the same coin. It facilities growth in the
economy, at the same time, involves social isolation and poor access to basic amenities. It creates a shortage of worker,
lower business in rural areas The present study is based on reviews and Secondary data extracted from NSSO. This paper
attempted to give a brief overview of internal migration among Gender and some recommendation based on a study that
the responsible authority should plan for providing incentives to reduce undesired migration, rural development
programmes which aimed at increasing rural production, efficiency, and incomes.