Homosporticus

4 (9-12)

Authors: Ivor Doder, Erol Kovačević, Ensar Abazović, Fuad Babajić, Amel Mekić

The transition from secondary school to university is often accompanied by unhealthy behavior changes such as decreasing physical activity and increasing sedentary behavior. Therefore, the aims of this study were to provide preliminary IPAQ scores among Sarajevo University students and compare them by gender. 103 students aged 22,32±1,90, who did not participate in additional training and/or organized physical activities were included in this study. Croatian version of Physical Activity Questionnaire (long IPAQ self-evaluation questionnaire) was used to evaluate respondent’s physical activity levels. The results indicate that the student population is most involved in moderate activities, both on a weekly and daily basis. In all variables representing physical activity, higher values were observed in male students, while female students had higher values in sitting. The results presented in this study showed that it is necessary to continuously take measures for promoting the sport at each University in Bosnia and Herzegovina (not only on Faculty of sport and physical education) with the aim of raising the health status of students to a higher level.

5 (13-17)

Authors: Rasim Lakota, Berina Turković - Malkić, Ensar Abazović and Aid Čabarabdić

Motor learning can be defined as “changes in the internal process that determine an individual’s ability to perform particular motor task. The two aims of this research were: 1) analyze the differences in student’s physical activity related subjective feeling before and after two different ski training/teaching contents, and, 2) determine the between-group differences. A total of 51 kinesiology students participated in this study. Subjective Exercise Experience Scale (SEES) questionnaire was used to determine physical activity related psychological effects. Between groups differences were present in the subjective feeling of fatigue at the end of the practical skiing lessons implying higher fatigue levels occur in beginners than advanced trainees. It can be concluded that, as a consequence of different teaching contents and workload intensities, the psychological adaptation to the learning process varies.

6 (24-29)

Authors: Aldin Ferić

The aim of this paper was to determine the functional fitness status and level of movement abilities in third age, females. The samples of respondents, in this study, were women of the third age 60-84 years old. All respondents are members of the Center for Healthy Aging Sarajevo. A sample of the variables of this research consists 10 variables, 6 of them are based on the Seniors Fitness Test. On the basis of statistical indicators, it was found that the results in three variables indicate that 95% of respondents satisfied or achieved a better result, in two variables 80%, while in one variable 32% satisfied or achieved a better result compared to the set norms from the U.S. It is also evident that there is a negative correlation between the age variable of the respondents and other variables, which indicates that the increase of the number of years leads to a decrease in the level of motor skills and functional fitness, with some exceptions based on fitness level.

4 (23-26)

Authors: Danijela Kuna1, Sanjin Džajić2, Matej Babić; 1,3 Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 2 Secondary school „Konjic“

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the formation of an expert model of the most important operators for methodical learning of skiing with different rhythm and pace. In this particular research was conducted on 20 ski experts from different countries. The experts first defined a model of operators for methodical learning and then, on a scale from 1 to 5, selected the five most important exercises. Execution of ranking was defined by the sum of the frequencies of expert’s values. In accordance with the research objective tests which are used were nonparametric chi - square test (c2) and statistical test of differences between expert ranks of most important operators and values of the most important ones. Differences were obtained in frequencies of expert selection of most important operators for methodical learning of skiing with different rhythm and pace (= 20; p =0,02), and differences between values ofmost important ones (=575,70; p <0,001). The results of this research allow precise and science justified methodical innovationsof expert model of skiing with different rhythm and pace. This research presents foundation for further hierarchical classification of expert model and defining of characteristic mistakes and correction exercises.

5 (32-36)

Authors: Šejla Omerhodžić and Arnel Kalušić

The purpose of this review article is to present a systematic overview of different approaches to strength and power of the lower limbs measured and monitored exclusively by isokinetic dynamometer test. The selected papers analyzed in this review cover testing protocol involving a concentric performance of both movements at the speed of 60°/sec and 180°/sec. The problems were related to lowered total leg power to unilateral and bilateral imbalances while knee joints are flexed or extended. The analysis of selected research reveals that individual programmed workouts created based on the data measured on an isokinetic dynamometer can significantly help to fix lack of strength muscle groups stabilizing the knee joint. We can say that appropriately planned workout process including correct control testing protocols causes significant transformations in the knee joint extensors and flexors. The selection of the relevant papers for this study was conducted in data bases Google Scholar, Medline, KoBSON, PubMed, ResearchGate and EBSCOdata with the following keywords: rehabilitation, knee joint, injuries, extension and fle

6 (17-22)

Authors: Anida Kapo, Safet Kapo, Indira Mahmutović and Amir Sofić

This article summarizes systematic reviews of the literature related to foot deformities. The aim of this review is to analyze the feet of preschool children and to identify the factors that lead to the accommodation of this deformity. All data sources have been selected from relevant sources from websites, journals and original scientific articles. In this paper, seventeen papers addressing the problem have been analyzed. Systematic review of the papers presented here is consistent with the PRISMA consensus. What has so far revealed is a strong correlation between body weight gained by gender with the onset of flat foot deformity. All the studies conducted allowed for a positive association between body weight and the frequency of flat foot occurrence. The results of the study examining the association were found with the occurrence of deformation and concluded that the flat foot in the highest frequency occurred in children aged 3 to 5 years, and after that age the frequency often suddenly decreased. A gender difference was also observed. Specifically, in observing the girls and boys of the same age, there is a higher incidence of flat feet in boys. The childhood period is a period of rapid growth, and accordingly, it takes time for the skeleton, musculature and ligaments to adapt to increasing daily challenges. What still remains underexplored and needs more attention is to assess the period during which the foot structures connections are finally established in order to decide which period of flat foot emergence represents the ultimate pathological condition to be treated seriously.

8 (37-44)

Authors: Duško Lepir, Vesna Macanović and Siniša Lakić

Previous research suggests that yoga benefits for various health problems such as physical and metabolic disorders, respiratory problems, mental disorders, while special attention in recent years has been paid to studying the positive effects of yoga on the improvement of the functioning of the cardiovascular system. The goal of our study was to examine whether practicing yoga for at least a year is related to the respiration mechanism (fewer respiratory cycles per minute and heart rate) and heart rate variability (HRV) in the population of middle-aged women. The sample consisted of two groups of women older than 40 years. Members of the first group (n = 24) practiced yoga for at least one year, while members of the comparison group (n = 25) did not practice any form of organized physical activity. Obtained results are in accordance with most of the published scientific literature on the topic. This means that practicing yoga on a sample was a correlate of more desirable heart rate variability and more efficient respiratory function, but that the observed effects were statistically small to moderate. Due to the weak statistical power, no statistically significant differences were observed when it comes to comparing groups, but statistically significant correlations were observed between the length of yoga practice and more desirable physiological parameters. In this paper, we discuss the advantages and limitations of our study, as well as the general importance of conducting correlational studies to assess the actual effects of various preventive activities.

4 (4-7)

Authors: Zvonimir Tomac, Nadja Nekić and Biljana Trajkovski

The aim of this paper is to determine the impact of practicing judo elements in PE classes on the improvement of kinanthropological characteristics (morphological characteristics, motor and functional abilities) of students between the ages of 8 and 9, who were enrolled in the program. Material and methods.:The research included 22 (10 male and 12 female) students from grade 2a, who formed the experimental group, and 23 (11 male and 12 female) students from grade 2b, who made up the control group of the Pehlin Elementary School in Rijeka in the academic year 2018/2019. During the research, the initial measurement was made at the beginning of the program and the final measurement after three and a half months. Results: The results obtained through comparison between the experimental and control group in the final measurement indicate statistically significant differences between the two groups in the following tests: standing long jump (p = 0.01); sit-ups (p = 0.03); 3-minute run (p = 0.04).Conclusion: Although the students of the experimental group statistically progressed in three motor abilities (explosive leg strength, flexibility, and the speed of alternative movements) and functional abilitiesKeywords:

4 (62-64)

Authors: Ljubomir Pavlović, Nenad Stojiljković, Stevan Stamenković, Goran Danković, Rasim Lakota and Zoran Milanović

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of one-week skiing camp on wellness, fatigue and body composition in recreational skiers. A total of nine participants were included in this study (Mean±SD; Age: 22.33±0.51 yrs; Body height: 175.56±5.82 cm; Body mass: 74.32±7.04 kg). The experimental programme was performed during skiing camp as part of regular course activities for the student. The following parameters were measured at baseline and after 6 days of skiing at the same time of the day and under similar conditions, including: wellness, fatigue and body composition. Body mass (P=0.002), basal metabolic rate (P=0.001) and muscle mass (P=0.001) were significantly lower after one-week skiing camp. In addition, fatigue, sleep quality and stress level were significantly increased after one-week skiing camp. Major triggers for overtraining syndrome were elevated after one-week skiing camp, therefore overtraining syndrome is expected for longer skiing periods (2-4 weeks) if there is no adequate balance between daily load and recovery.

5 (30-34)

Authors: Eldin Jelešković, Haris Alić, Emir Mustafović, Amer Suljić, Munir Talović, Erduan Kafedžić and Nedim Čović

FIFA 11+ represents a complete warm-up programme, which had appeared as a result of an F-MARC research and has been characterised as a prevention warm-up programme. The aim of this paper is to analyze what effects the application of FIFA 11+ training programme will yield on isokinetic parameters of knee joint stabilizers. Two independent researchers have analyzed the previous research studies found via a search of different online databases (PubMed, ResearchGate, and Medline). Only those research studies which are directly linked to the subject matter of this paper and which satisfy the inclusive criteria were analyzed. Concerning the analysis of effects of the training programme on the isokinetic parameters, six research studies satisfied the inclusive criteria and were analyzed accordingly. The general conclusion of this paper is that the FIFA 11+ prevention programme might prove to be an extremely useful and applicable programme for the decrease of imbalance between the quadriceps femoris and biceps femoris muscles, as well as that it might help enhance knee joint stabilizers.

5 (40-44)

Authors: Nemanja Zlojutro, Borko Petrović, Aleksandar Kukrić and Radenko Dobraš

The study aims to present in detail the analysis of high-intensity movement during official football matches of the highest rank in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The data (such as maximum speed, the number of accelerations, the number of sprints, (V4) the distance of high-intensity running ≥19,8 km/h, and (V5) the distance of sprint ≥25,2 km/h) have been collected using 20 Hz GPS (Global Positioning System) in 13 football matches (11 matches of the domestic league, BHT PL BIH, and two matches of BIH CUP in the first part of the 2019-2020 season). In total, there were n=74 individual match observations, of which central defenders (CD, n=18); fullbacks (FB, n=13); central midfielders (CM, n=23); wide midfielders (WM, n=15); and forwards (FW, n=5) were analyzed. The kinematic parameters were obtained by 20 Hz GPS Pro2 (GPEXE, Exelio Srl, Udine, Italy). The statistical analysis results have shown that the average maximum speed equaled 29,7±1,6 km/h, the number of accelerations 19,9±7,4, the number of sprints 3,4±2,7, the distance (V4) 481±163, and the distance (V5) 127±85. Considering the positions of the players on the field, the full-backs obtained the highest maximum speed of (FB) 30,7±1,1 km/h, while the wide-midfielders, on average, performed, the most accelerations 27,6±6,4, sprints 6,2±3,3, and ran the longest distance in V4 (677±156) and V5 (213±104) zones. This study analyzed the differences between players’ positions and quantified the physical demands of elite football players competing in the highest rank in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Based on the kinematic parameters data, the results show several statistical discrepancies related to the positions of the players in a match. The data offered in this study may be used in future analyses and comparisons. They represent the scientific ground for further construction and creation of specific training exercises concerning players’ positions.

6 (56-61)

Authors: Tasevski Zikica, Markovski Nebojsa, Gontarev Serjoza, Andrijana Misovski and Vlatko Nedelkovski

A survey was conducted on a sample of 50 football players aged from 17 to 30 aiming to establish quantitative transformation changes in tests of assessing basic motoric abilities and agility when influenced by specially designed functional training with top football players in different game positions in the team. In order to meet the research aims, six tests for assessing basic motoric abilities were applied as follows: 30-meter running, Lifting the tors in 30 seconds, Push-ups to full body-workout, Squat jump (SJ), Counter Movement jump (CMJ), and Counter-movement jump with arm swing (CMJA). The experimental program was applied within six work weeks with four trainings each week. The trainings were applied by a circular method of work, and the respondents were arranged into sets of groups of two players. The research results indicate that the six-week experimental training program of a functional training has a positive influence on improving the average results in all of the six tests. On the base of the numeric values of the arithmetic means and the percentage differences, there can be concluded that, within the six-week period, the whole sample of respondents has gained improvement with the tests: Lifting the tors, Push-ups to full body-workout, Squat Jump, Counter Movement Jump, Counter Movement Jump with Arm Swing.

11 (45-55)

Authors: Remzija Šetić

Previous base in theoretical analysis and the present findings of the research on psychological factors that contribute to the successful sport implementation, specificially the Hypothetical model of success in team sports (Mlacic and associates 2010) we have design this research project in order to integrate the knowledge of the Five-Factor Personality Model (McCrae and Costa, 1992), self-efficacy (Bandura, 1986) and the locus of control (Rotter, 1971) and group cohesion (Corron and associates, 1985) in prediction of a team sport success in football. The aim of this paper is to present the results of a study in which we tested the contribution of individual characteristics (neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness, openness, conscientiousness, self-efficacy, locus of control and length of football training- as one determinant of experience) and group psychological characteristics (perceived group cohesion) in explanation of team success (placement on the table) of various football selections (junior and senior) in Bosnia and Herzegovina. 417 football players from 12 football clubs in Bosnia and Herzegovina participated in the research. For the assessment of predictor variables were used: Questionnaire on general data of football players, NEO-PI R (Coste and McCrae, 1992) to examine five personality factors, Scale of self-efficacy of football players (Šamija and Bosnar, 2010) to assess self-efficacy in football, Scale of externality , 1990) to examine the locus of control, UGO – R (Carron et al., 1985) to assess group cohesion. The group performance indicator was used as a criterion, which is the position of the team on the table at the end of the autumn part of the competition for the 2016/2017 season. of the Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina. We conducted the Hierarchical Linear Regression procedure and concluded that the dimension of neuroticism of the five-factor personality model and group cohesion proved to be significant in predicting team success for seniors. That is, better placed teams on the table have more individuals with greater emotional stability, and have more individuals who are better connected and integrated with each other. The research confirmed that greater group cohesion, external locus of control and longer football training are important for the forecast of the position on the table for junior teams. The set model of individual and group characteristics did not have an equal contribution to success in football among juniors and seniors.

4-8

Authors: Elvir Kazazović, Ivor Doder, Denis Čaušević and Semir Mašić

This research aimed to determine effects of individual fitness programs on power increasing of dynamic knee stabilizers in student population. Respondents who participated in the research were 110 male students from Faculty of Sport and Physical Education in Sarajevo. They were divided into two groups. an experimental and a control group. Maximum strength of dynamic knee stabilizers was tested on an isokinetic apparatus (Biodex System 3) with angular speed of 60°/s. The experimental group conducted additional individual fitness program three times a week in the period of 12 weeks. Obtained results lead to the conclusion that individual fitness programs produced significant effects on development of maximum strength of dynamic knee stabilizers and that those results are statistically significantly different from results of the control group which only practiced regular study program classes.

16-22

Authors: Amira Kurspahić-Mujčić and Amra Mujčić

Abstract The aim of this study was to explore the association between leisure time physical activity, socio-demographic characteristics and the levels of perceived stress. The study included 300 respondents who were divided into two groups: high levels of perceived stress (n=150) and low levels of perceived stress (n=150). Levels of perceived stress were assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale-10.Data concerning leisure-time physical activities and socio-demographic characteristics were collected using a designedquestionnaire. Age between 46-64 years (OR=5.63, 95%CI=1.02-2,55; p=0.00), financial status as worse than average (OR=2.29, 95%CI=1.39-3.76; p=0,00) and female gender (OR=1.62, 95%CI=1.02-2.55; p=0.03) were positively associated with high levels of perceived stress. The currently recommended weekly volume of ≤1150 minutes of physical activity of moderate intensity in leisure time had a protective role against a high level of perceived stress (OR=0.44, 95%CI=0.25-0.77; p=0.00). Therefore, we conclude that promoting the currently recommended volume of physical activity might be a good way to increase overall physical activity levels and reduce a perceived stress among population groups at risk for high levels of perceived stress specifically, as well as the general population.

31-36

Authors: Svetlana Petronijević, Adam Petrović, Nemanja Ćopić, Srecko Jovanović and Ivanka Gajić

The problem of this research is: what is the characteristic of the speed of individual hand movements, and how to change the response time in children aged 8 to 14 years? The aim of the study is to determine the response time i.e. the speed characteristics of individual movements of the dominant hand, the non-dominant hand and the dominant hand with the fencing foil in relation to age. The hypothesis is that maturation affects the speed of individual hand movements and the simple reaction time (SRT) i.e. response time.The sample consisted of 184 subjects aged 8 to 14 years. The study used the one-target shot - Electronic Fencing Target on the Favero Scoring device. The speed of individual movement of the dominant hand (Dom_H), the speed of individual movement of the non-dominant hand (NDom_H) and the speed of individual movement of the dominant hand with fencing foil (Dom_H _F) were tested. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) found that the criterion of age, or maturation, has statistically significant influence on the speed of individual hand movements (Wilks' Lambda = 0.519; F = 4.105; p = 0.000). The highest maturation effect was found in the speed of individual movement of the dominant hand with fencing foil (Dom_H_F - F = 6.923; p = 0.000; PES = 0.289), while in the Dom_H test (F = 4.782; p = 0.000; PES = 0.220) and NDom_H (F = 4.671; p = 0.000; PES = 0.216) was found a slightly lower effect. Maturation has a positive effect on the speed of individual hand movements in children aged 8 to 14. The effect is the highest when the fencing foil is used.

45-50

Authors: Siniša Kovač, Dženana Imamović-Turković and Merima Merdan

Game is a module of human activities that follows an individual since his/her earliest development. Games are also first level of children's active function and includes many elementary ways of movements (walking, running, jumping...). Games are activities familiar to children and while playing, they are spontaneously discovering new things. Proper body posture is a sign of good health, regular growth and development so it is important to emphasize body posture from the earliest age by applying different ways of physical activity. Aim of this research is to determine influence of games as activities to components of body posture of school children. This research was done to determine role of games within prevention of correct body posture of primary school students. Research samples were 62 class teachers employed in 5 primary schools (Municipalities: Breza, Vareš, Ilijaš, Visoko). Data which defined role of games within prevention of correct body posture of primary school students was gathered by filling anonymous survey containing six different questions. After data was collected, theoretical method, descriptive-analytical method and empiric-no experimental method (survey) was used. Analysis of the results have shown that games mostly influence regular growth and development of students in lower grades since then games are the most frequent type of activities, 21 teachers (33,87%) recognized game as being the most important factor on regular development from first to fifth grade students. The same number of teachers recognized that games mostly influence development of first graders and contributes to regular and normal growth of child's organism. Such regular development can be seen in physical, psychological, social and emotional aspect. 59 teachers (95,16%) think that games influence all body segments and as such influences correct body posture of students in lower grades of primary school. Basis of this research was to determine role of games in prevention of regular body posture in primary school students. Based on teachers' opinions, games have preventive impact on regular body posture within students from 1st to 5th grade of primary school.

55-60

Authors: Nenad Stojiljković, Marko Gušić, Slavko Molnar and Slobodan Andrašić

The aim of this research was to determine the effects of small-sided games and interval training on vertical jump, speed and change of direction speed in adolescent soccer in adolescent soccer players. A total of 60 young male soccer players (aged 14–18 years) were recruited. Players were assigned to small-sided group (SSG), or high intensity interval group (HIT) during the last 8 weeks of the season. Physical performance tests included a squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ) countermovement jump with arm movement (CMJAM), 5-m, 10-m and 20-m sprints and illinois test. HIT was performed over 40-m shuttles, with 15s-15s, intermittent runs. And for the SSG programme a team size of 3 or 4 players was used on different pitch size. Both groups improved in the 5-m sprint (p ˂ 0.05).There was a significantly greater improvement in the 20-m sprint (p ˂ 0.05, large effect), Illinois (p ˂ 0.05, large effect), SJ (p ˂ 0.05,moderate effect), and CMJ (p ˂ 0.05, large effect) following the HIT training compared with the SSG. To conclude, during the last weeksof the season, HIT training improved or maintained fitness status in adolescent soccer players. On contrary, SSG training seems to only maintain or even decrease the physical performance in the end of the season among adolescent soccer players.

5-14

Authors: Mekić Amel, Nikšić Elvira, Beganović Edin, Pašalić Arzija and Taljić Irzada

Starting to study at the University and getting new responsibilities changes the way of lifestyle. The change is mostly maintained in the way of eating and (non) existence of physical activity. The aim of the research was to determine the food habits and physical activity of the students at the University of Sarajevo. The study covered 1038 (694 female and 344 male) students from 1st to 5th year of the faculty, 18 to 43 years of age. Used method was a questionnaire designed for this research, and based on previously used questionnaire and it was conducted online. Results show that the largest number of students (48.0%) consume 2 meals a day, 81.9% of students thinks that the breakfast is the most important meal but only half of them (53.7%) always have breakfast. 37.2% of students usually have eggs for the breakfast, 30.8% sandwich, 19.9% slice of bread with toppings and 12.1% eat cereals. 11.4% of students carry a meal from home: 11.1% take fruits and 35.4 % take the sandwich. 89.2% of students buy snacks in fast food and bakery: hamburger (60.0%), sandwich (33.0 %), hotdog (6.7 %), croissant (38.1 %), dough with cottage cheese (27.0 %), pie (17.5 %), dough with the hotdog (11.1 %). Most of the students (62.5 %) consume water, 5.8% drink juice, while 31.7% consume both. 65.2 % are involved in physical activity 1-2 times weekly for 30 minutes, 34.3 % are involved 2-3 times a week for 60 minutes and 66.1 % of student are physically active every day for 90 minutes. Those who are not active „blame „insufficient leisure time (48.1%), obligations at the faculty (39.6%), lack of money (12.3%). Most of the students (33.7%) sleep for 8 h, 32.3% sleep for 7 h, 24.5% sleep for 6 h. Conclusion: Inadequate eating habits, insufficient time and too much obligations, but also a high percentage of students involved in physical activity and enough sleep, points the need to open students' canteens based on the principles of proper nutrition and tailored to students' income.

23-29

Authors: Nikola Utvić, Miloš Dejanović, Miloš Nikolić and Viney Prakash Dubey

with the ball in the blind and sight-impaired persons. The body composition with goalball players is crucial for studying due to insufficient physical activity, which aims to characterize persons with sight invalidity issue. Methods: The articles from the following electronic databases have been studied: PubMed/Medline, Cihnal, Embase, Open-J-Gate, Science Direct and Google Scholar. The articles published between 2004 and 2019 have been studied, with a focuson the anthropological profile of goalball players. The inclusion criteria were divided into four sections: study strategy, study design, type of measurement outcome, exclusion criteria. The procedures were carried out in accordance with the PreferredReporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) statement. Results: Out of 108 articles collected, 14 articles have been analyzed in detail on the grounds of databases and consequentlya conclusion has been provided. Conclusion: The body height is crucial for contributing to a greater arm span, which means greater space coverage, as wellas a percentage of muscle tissue connected to muscle strength.

35-36

Authors: Alma Švraka

Family and school partnerships are important for achieving quality results in education and this research is a transient partnership study. In our research, we investigated the communication and participation of parents in decision-making, since both are seen as elements of active parent involvement in building mutual partnership. The purpose of the paper was to examine the impact of an experimental treatment on the development of parent-school partnership in relation to sex and professional qualifications. In this research we used methods: analytical-descriptive method, theoretical analysis method, survey method and experimental method. Parents were interviewed with the same questionnaire before and after experimental treatment (partnership workshops). The research sample consisted of thirty parents of high school students (14 females and 16 males) in the territory of Travnik Municipality. Results of the T-test were statistically significant differences (p=0.05). There is a statistically significant difference for male (t=-4.824; p=0.00) and female subjects (t=-5.192; p=0.00) between the initial and final survey. The differences may be seen in the case of subjects who have elementary education (t=-6.504; p=0.00) and secondary education (t=-5.276; p=0.00). In the case of subjects with university education (t=-2.138; p=0.07), these differences are not statistically significant.