Problems of Continuous Geographic Education and Cartography

3-10

Authors: Olena Agapova

The use of small hydropower resources is considered as one of the priority development directions in the energy sector in Ukraine and worldwide. In the initial planning stages of hydropower development and small hydropower plants placing, there is a need to conduct detailed assessments of hydropower potential. With the development of geo-information technologies, the possibility of spatial modeling and GIS tools application have emerged for the automated construction of a surface water runoff models, quantification of hydropower resources and definition of the sites potentially favorable to establish small hydropower plants. In this paper an algorithm of automated mathematical and cartographic hydropower potential modeling is proposed. It was implemented on the basis of a multi-purpose (universal) geographic information system ArcGIS and includes the use of standard analytical tools, which can be an advantage, because it requires no additional software development or purchase of specialized software for hydropower resources study. The proposed methodology involves the use of the Hydrology toolset in ArcGIS Spatial Analyst Tools and a range of other analytical tools to calculate energy potential on the river segments, as well as mapping of hydropower resources, which allows to define the river sections with the highest energy indicators and the possible placements for new hydropower plants. During the research the indicators of specific water flow power (theoretical energy potential), as well as the value of the potential energy production on the river segments (technical energy potential) were calculated. Based on the obtained calculation results the series of hydropower resources maps for the territory of Kharkiv region has been designed; it includes three maps that show the water flow, theoretical and technical hydropower potential on the river sections. Using the information obtained from the maps, prospective sites for construction of small hydropower plants have been identified within Kharkiv region on the rivers Siversky Donets, Uda, Berestova, Mozh and Merlo.

15-21

Authors: Oksana Bodnia, Olena Sinna, Ivan Oliinykov, Alina Ovcharenko

In the article we describe a theoretical and practical method of mapping the landscape of the national park «Slobozhansky» and reveal different features using ArcGIS software products at all stages of the study. Specifically, the resources of ArcGIS for Windows Mobile in the field of research have been disclosed. In the course of fieldwork and practical work the students found out that, in addition to the territorial reference points, the software can completely replace paper blank sheets describing landscapes, substantially save the time of field work. The ArcMap tools are used in the conclusion of the landscape maps in laboratory conditions. Method of stacking map is based on the consistent use of Overlay analysis tools: Intersect (for edge detection facies) and Disolve (for the combination of the same type facies) and Field Calculator tool, which allows to combine the attribution information lithogenic base, forms of relief, vegetation and soil in one column (which contains the names of these facies). It is possible to use ArcGIS Online as a platform to store and share data among the experts in various branches of knowledge, and present the results in a landscape multi-scale map. The landscape structure of the area was shown in a major series of scale: the first map shows the project on the scale of 1: 300 000 and 1: 150 000, map of the second level - 1: 150 000 to 1:50 000, and the third level of map - more 1: 50 000. Thus, in the process of research, which included a very significant list of tasks (from multipurpose field research - to dissemination and implementation of the results), new methodological approaches to integrated implementation of GIS tools of various types: mobile, desktop and web application of ArcGIS software were implemented in the landscapes of the National park «Slobozhansky».

27-34

Authors: Mikhail Grishchenko, Pavel Konstantinov

In this paper we present the analysis of the seasonal variability of the Moscow urban heat island according to instrumental observations at meteorological stations (data of meteorological stations MSU, Balchug, VDNH, and a number of stations in Moscow oblast and its neighborhoods were analyzed) and thermal infrared satellite images (images acquired by TIRS system, satellite Landsat 8 were used). The digital number values of the thermal images are translated into values of land surface temperature. A comparison of the land surface temperature values obtained by thermal satellite images and the values of the atmospheric air temperature and the surface measured according to standard procedures at meteorological stations has been made. The authors revealed the climatic reasons that strengthen Moscow urban heat island: this is due primarily to the positive anomalies of atmospheric pressure, and anomalies of the thermal regime have no effect on the intensity of the phenomenon. Maximum Moscow urban heat island magnitude (slightly more than 3°C for the air temperature and about 15°C for surface temperature), its internal structure and its spatial and temporal variability were estimated - during the analyzed period, the maximum surface urban heat island identified on thermal satellite images was observed in winter, and the maximum urban heat island – in summer. The applicability of the TIRS images for the Moscow urban heat island study was also examined.

41-46

Authors: Roman Shulgan, Oleksandr Yanchuk, Yulia Romanovska

The authors have developed an algorithm for automated economic-planning zoning based on the method of objects ordering according to a set of characteristics. This approach gives the possibility to use the actual values of the pricing factors. This allows you to automate the discovery process and combine similar value units. The proposed algorithm is tested on the example of the village Zarichne, Rivne region. To check it, a selected number of pricing factors are selected, which are typical for this object. The indicators scales to assess the influence of these factors have been developed. Real values of distances, inverse distance values, quantitative indicators, groundwater levels, points of growth class and others were taken as indicators. The method of pairwise comparison determined the value of pricing factors. Furthermore, using the method of objects sequencing in accordance with the set of features we calculated weight factors of evaluation areas. Based on the existing method a transition to the indexes of the area value has been done. Consolidation of the estimated districts into economic planning areas were performed using the GIS programs MapInfo on the calculated index values using the natural groups method. To confirm the effectiveness of the algorithm application, economic-planning zoning is performed by the expert method. When we compared the results obtained in the territory zoning according to the developed algorithm, it was obvious that a greater number of economic-planning zones had been created as compared to an expert method that needs a more detailed account of the pricing factors.

53-58

Authors: Anastasiia Splodytel

The article presents the experience in developing digital elevation models (DEMs) of Sulska Cove’s territory and water area near the national park «Nyzhnosulskyy». General digital models were created using existing topographic and bathymetric maps. The processing and data visualization were performed with GIS technologies applications. DEMs present as the basis for a comprehensive study of the national park’s landscape diversity as well as means of fundamental ways of its functioning and activity optimization. The required usage of 3D-modeling representation of NNP «Nyzhnosulskyy» is explained by its better visualization and interpretation of the data. In general, it allows information exchange about the changes of the environmental objects under research. At the same time, it decreases a list of applied tasks which were not possible to be solved using two dimensional data. The tasks which can be solved with the help of digital elevation modeling are very different, especially the following: - inclination and slope exposure calculation; - analysis of the runoff area; - the network of thalwegs and watersheds network generalization, generation of the form a carcass relief system, special points and lines of the relief, local minima (depression) and local maxima; - ortho-correction of the images; - measuring the areas and volumes, received from the surface profiles; - viewing the data in three dimensions, virtual flights creation and light-and-shadow models; - precise definition of the space and geographical coordinates of the objects; - combining thematic layers of the digital map, especially air- and space shots using 3D objects; - performing the realistic representation of the territory and virtual mobility as to the model; -the analysis of the visibility zones; - conducting the extrapolation of the longitude points DEMs of the surface and the based map are integrated into one map, using the com mon scale for depths and altitudes which gives a better image of the territory (and water area) of the NNP. The creation of this model permits to define the flooded area and to predict the changes in landscape structure of the territory. The relative DEM from Sula Cove’s water area bottom was created based on that data. Using the cartographical composition, the separation of the water landscapes of different types with the complex analysis of the bottom and special biota distribution will be provided.