European Journal of Academic Essays

1-4

Authors: Mokhtar BOUAZZA, Khaled AMARA

Three-dimensional thermo-elastic analysis of laminated plates subjected to uniform mechanical and thermal loads. The analysis is carried out by the finite element method using ANSYS, the most known software in the domain for it, two types of modeling are proposed: the first is modeling using a type of shell element, Shell 99 and the second is an approach based on a of type solid element, Solid 46. Deflections and stress resultants are obtained for symmetric and anti-symmetric cross-ply laminates for simply-supported boundary conditions at different temperatures. The results obtained are compared with the results of the shear deformation theory.

9-17

Authors: Zahedi Arismani abolfazli, shariatmadar seyed Mohhamad, ashrafi alireza

Railway signaling and control systems to the industry since the beginning of the challenges associated with developing nations used to date technologies have been trying to fix it. Unfortunately, the industry is now a new Flywheel storage is perfect. In this paper, the composite flywheel and steel wheels to enable the system checkups and batteries that are used today as we review .It occupies the space of about 25 square feet is able to transmit power is 500 kW.

27-29

Authors: SM Nayeemuddin, Yogesh Yadav, Preeti Goswami

Abstract : Calot’s triangle (hepato- biliary triangle) as an orientation structure, determines the most common location of the cystic artery. The cystic artery varies in origin, course and number and it is important to recognize it during operative procedure Cystic artery is usually a branch of right hepatic artery given in the Calot’s triangle. Variations in the origin of cystic artery have been reported but there is paucity of literature regarding these in Indian subjects. The development of biliary vasculature is quite complex and it accounts for many variations. Knowledge of cystic artery variability facilitates intraoperative identification of vessels in both classical and laparoscopic surgery of the bile ducts. This emphasizes the importance of a thorough knowledge of the cystic arterial variations that often occur and may be encountered during both laparoscopic and open cholecystectomy. Uncontrolled bleeding from the cystic artery and its branches is a serious problem that may increase the risk of intraoperative lesions to vital vascular and biliary structures during hepatobiliary surgery.

39-43

Authors: Singh, Dr. Ravindra Pratap

The present phase of cultural confluence, across the globe, has claimed major shifts in the patterns of human behavior and its socio-political manifestation. Be it the representation through any cultural artifact in particular or the changing geo-political spectacles of the world in general a state of hybridity is clearly visible. As far as the factors shaping the public opinion, distribution of resources and cultural configuration is concerned ,there has never been such shuffling of people and shifting of boundaries, intertwining of histories and overlapping of cultures as observed in the last three decades. The causes are, for this, too many to be enumerated. These may stretch from the emergence of a uni-polar world, increasing trends in power equation and sinister forms of economic colonialism to the satellite networking of regional groups and super expanding world trade. Consequently all the cultures have intermixed, and none has remained single and pure. A panorama of hybridity, heterogeneity and unmonolithic vision is clearly visible. In the contemporary socio-political structure of India two streams of thoughts are flowing side by side – the stream of the corporate/ elite and that of the masses. On the one hand, the poverty line goes down approximately 1$ per day as income, on the other there are classes that spend and earn more than thousands of dollars per day. The perception of the corporate class and common folk on different issues of society vary. The present paper focuses on the concept of nation as visualized by the above mentioned two classes in Indian socio-political structure.

51-55

Authors: Mahmud M. Abu zeid, M. A. Attia, Nouby M. Ghazaly

High temperature and Fires has become one of the biggest threats to buildings. Concrete is a primary building material and its properties of concrete to high temperatures have gained a lot of attention. But there is a fundamental problem caused by high temperatures that is the separation of concrete masses from the concrete block “separation phenomenon “. Separation of concrete leads to a decrease in the cross section area of the concrete column and so reduction the resistances to axial loads; also reinforcement steel bars become exposed directly to high temperatures, with the growing of incidents from major fires in buildings. Several samples of reinforced concrete columns with Fiber Glass have been used. Tow mixes of concrete been prepared using different contents of Fiber Glass (0.5 kg/m³ and 1.0 kg/m³). Reinforced concrete columns dimensions are (150 mm x150 mm x500 mm). The samples are heated for 1, 3 and 6 hours at 200 C°, 400 C° and 700°C and tested for compressive strength. Also, the behavior of reinforcement steel bars at high temperatures is investigated. Reinforcement steel bars are embedded into the concrete samples with 2 cm and 2.5 cm concrete covers, after heating at 700°C for 6 hours. The reinforcement steel bars are then extracted and tested for yield stress and maximum elongation ratio. The analysis of results obtained from the experimental program showed that, the best amount of Fiber Glass to be used is 1.0 kg/m³, where the residual compressive strength is 25 % higher than of that when no Fiber Glass are used at 400 C for 6 hours

59-62

Authors: Obeng-Denteh, William, Ayekple, Yao Elikem ,Quansah, Amissah Mavis1, Zigili, David Delali

Metric spaces are one of the useful types of topological spaces in measurement of length, and distance between points in underlying sets. They are useful for much more abstract and irregular sets than intervals in R2 or R3 . The ability to measure and compare distances between elements is often crucial and metric spaces provide more structure than general topological spaces. We begin by giving a brief introduction and background to topological spaces in general. We then go ahead to discuss metric spaces with a quick overview on concepts like connectedness, compactness, continuity and completeness and define formally what a metric is and give the basic properties of metric spaces. We state without proof some theorems in topology which we invoke subsequently in the construction of some metric spaces. A large class of metric spaces exists and this work illustrates the construction of some of these metric including the Hamming distance, the Levenshtein distance, the Hausdorff metric and other applications of metric spaces.

1-7

Authors: Rahimi, Mohammad, Asadi, Ebrahim

Abstract: The present study aims to trace the long term effects of different types of feedback–direct, indirect, and content– on EFL learners’ writing accuracy (the major concern of SLA researchers) and overall writing quality (the primary aim of L2 writing researchers). Data was gathered from three groups of Iranian EFL learners (N=44) randomly assigned to an indirect feedback, a direct feedback, and a content feedback group. The first two groups received both content and form feedback, while the last group received content feedback only. Results obtained from the analysis of three essays written at the beginning, in the middle, and at the end of the study, over the course of nine months, indicated a significant but small difference between formal feedback groups (direct and indirect) and only content feedback group regarding the long-term improvement of their writing accuracy. Nonetheless, no significant difference was found among the three groups with respect to the improvement observed in their overall writing quality in the long run. The study concludes that content feedback seems to be the most efficient feedback method, when we are concerned with the long-term improvement in either accuracy or overall quality of writing.

12-17

Authors: Pawan Singh, Nirayo Hailu , Vinod Chandran

Abstract: Unlike last countless years, the present era has no dependency on relational data base due to the rise of technological changes such as web based applications has replaced the stand alone applications , distributed servers has replaced the normal dedicated servers. A giant imagination gets converted into reality in the form of cloud computing next to World Wide Web. Cloud databases are becoming popular and used for data exhaustive applications as data mining, warehousing and intelligences. This paper give a review on an architecture of shared disk database for cloud computing. The database architecture called shared-disk is ideal for cloud databases, which eliminates the need to partition data. It allows the clusters of low-cost servers to use a single assortment of data. It is typically served up by a Network Attached Storage (NAS) or Storage Area Network (SAN). All of the data available to all the servers, there are no partitioning of data is required. For example if we are using two servers and query takes .60 seconds and now we can dynamically add another server, the same query might take .30 seconds. Thus elastic scalability is supported by this type of database.

22-27

Authors: Zainudin Mohd Zaini, Habidin Nurul Fadly, Roslan Mohd Hafiz, Norazlan Aqmar Nur Izzah, Abdul Hadji Sariyati1

Abstract: Green Supply Chain (GSC) is increasingly implement in the healthcare industry. The purpose of this paper are to identify the Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) and Environment Performance (EP) measures for Malaysian Healthcare Industry and to develop relationship model between GSCM and EP for Malaysian Healthcare Industry. A structural relationship model using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) has been proposed. Based on the proposed conceptual model and reviewed, research hypotheses are being developed. The research concludes with suggest future research work.

1-4

Authors: Vasudha rani Vaddadi

Abstract: Map-Reduce is one of the Big data technologies talks about distributed computations on massive amounts of data and an execution environment for high scale data processing on clusters. Principle behind Mapper/ Reducer is the general Divide and Conquer algorithm in many different domains. Map/Reduce is giving advantages over parallel databases include storage-system independence and fine-grain fault tolerance for larger jobs. Map /Reduce parallelism is shown as combined paradigm of Shared memory and data, message passing with pipelined implementation at a higher level. Hadoop is an Open source. It is the Java-based implementation of MapReduce which is detailed discussed here. In this paper, methodology behind Mapper/Reducer/Combiner required for big data with an example Web Search Engine is clearly demonstrated. Web Search Engine working is compared having combiner and not having combiner .

10-15

Authors: D. Edison Selvaraj, Dr. C. Pugazhendhi Sugumaran, D. Krishnamoorthi, M. Raj Kumar, J. Ganesan, S. Geethadevi, K. Rajaram, S. Dinesh Kumar

Abstract: In recent days, it has been shown that the mixing of nano fillers to the enamel can tremendously improve the thermal, mechanical and electrical properties of enamel used in motors. Many nano fillers can be added to the enamel used in the motor. In this research work, SiO2 has been used as nano filler. The micro powders of SiO2 were converted into nano powders with the help of ball mill. Various methods were used to augment the particle size of the nano powders. But, for this research, scanning electron microscope (SEM) has been used to augment the particle size of the nano powders. The prepared nano powders of SiO2 were mixed with enamel by using ultrasonic vibrator. The enamel filled with SiO2 nano filler was coated on the windings of the single phase induction motor. The performance analysis of the single phase induction motor was usually done by means of no load test, blocked rotor test and load test. Based on the results obtained from the above tests, the efficiency of the single phase induction motor coated with enamel filled with SiO2 nano filler was increased by 5% when compared to that of the single phase induction motor coated with pure enamel. Heat run test was also carried out on this motor to determine the total loss of energy dissipated as heat.

22-28

Authors: Yadav Y, Tuli A, Kakar S, Choudhry R, Murari A

Abstract: The complex anatomy of the vertebrate larynx shows a steady progression from the simple slit on the floor of the lungfish’s pharynx to the fine-tuned mechanism of the human vocal apparatus. The study was conducted on 50 cricoid cartilages (36 males & 14 females) obtained from unclaimed bodies in the Deptt. of Forensic medicine, LHMC. This study attempts to define and measure some biomechanically important morphometric features of cricoid cartilage which are useful for constructing quantitative biomechanical models of vocal fold vibration and posturing. The dimensions and geometric positions of Cricothyroid (CT) and Cricoarytenoid (CA) facets with respect to the laryngeal framework are biomechanically important, as they contribute to the determination of CT and CA translation rotational dynamics, which are critical for length changes and posturing (abduction and adduction) of vocal cords.

38-44

Authors: Dr. Rajendra Kumar Jatav, Dr. Mamta B. Kumbhare ,Dr. Rachana Chennamaneni

bstract: Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Although diabetes mellitus can be asymptomatic, many patients present with wide spectrum of manifestations. The untreated hyperglycemia of diabetes can cause many acute and serious long term complications. DM is frequently associated by a variety of cutaneous manifestations that commonly serve as ports of entry for different microorganisms. Skin manifestations can be associated with both type 1 & type 2 Diabetes and were seen in patients who use insulin as well as those who use oral hypoglycemic agents to control their glucose levels. Early recognition of these skin manifestations assists in early diagnosis and helps to lead towards appropriate treatment for diabetes mellitus patients. Early diagnosis also helps in preventing long-term complications. The present study evaluates the frequency of skin manifestations in 220 diabetic patients of Telangana region of south India. Skin infection (19.35%), itching (12.09%), & skin atrophy (10.48%) are the three most common initial skin manifestations in DM patients. The present study reveals that it took more than 10 years for skin manifestations to appear in 60% of the patients. On the other hand, no patient reported manifestations at 30 or more years since they have been diagnosed with DM. The maximum number of patients who reported skin manifestations was at 17-18 years since the onset of DM diagnosis.

52-57

Authors: Elaydi, Hatem, Alhaddad, Ahmed

Abstract: Since 2006, power generation sector faced several obstacles with limited output of Gaza Power Plant and fixed imports from Israel and Egypt. The demand keeps increasing annually while the supply is either fixed or decreased. Thus, there is a need for alternative power sources for emergency cases as hospitals and medical centers. The shortage in electric power, forced hospitals and medical centers to run their own generation units when fuel is available; creating more pollution and noise. This paper proposes replacing diesel generator by solar photovoltaic (PV) cells as a backup system, and a batterybank as a storage system. Such system is expected to: satisfy the load demands, minimize the costs, maximize the utilization of renewable sources, optimize the operation of battery-bank which is used as backup unit, and reduce the environment pollution emissions. This paper proposes a methodology to maximize power of a PV grid connected system by optimizing the performance of the inverter. A fuzzy logic controller is proposed to control a DC/AC inverter that forces the photovoltaic array to deliver its maximal power for any value of solar insolation rapidly. Results shows improvement in the system performance using fuzzy logic control and the PV is capable of feeding the load with the required energy and charges the battery with its demands.

63-67

Authors: Mohamed R. El- Sharkawy, Nouby M. Ghazaly

Absract: Recently, a hybrid electric vehicle have been widely studied because of their potential to significantly improve fuel economy, reduce emissions and give a good performance by combining a smaller than normal engine with electric motors and an energy storage system. Due to the multiple-power-source nature, the complex configuration and operation modes, the control strategy of a hybrid vehicle become more complicated than that of an engine-only vehicle. The overall objective of this paper is to define power management strategies for hybrid electric vehicles and to control the power management that determines the proper power split between the motor and the engine in order to minimize fuel consumption and emissions.

1-5

Authors: Kumar Raghvendra, Rai Divyarth, Jaiswal Ashish

In this paper we describes a Hindi to bundelkhandi language machine translation system the developed by using a popular open source tool called Apertium tool. We are taking the example of India there are 1.20 billion people, 18 officially recognized languages that they are speaking, 30 regional languages that are the type of local language and over 2000 dialects the multi-lingual society of India needs well developed international communication tools for the Indian citizens to exchange their ideas or view to another person from another country or another district or state to put their view publically very easily. Hindi is the mother tongue for the Indian citizen that person belong to India, there are still lots of person from the different places that are unable to understand the Hindi language. If consider the area of the Madhya Pradesh there are approx 40% of people are unable to talk or even not able to understand the Hindi language. They only know their local languages that are bundelkhandi language. For that we need to help that kind of people we need to develop a tool or software that are helpful to them understand that things that, so for convert that Hindi language or English language used the Apertium platform due to several reasons. This tool is very well suited for building machine translation systems between closely related language pairs, such as Hindi to bundelkhandi due to its shallow parser level transfer modules

10-18

Authors: Mohammadbagher Mohammadinejad Pashaki , Reza Tehrani , Gholamreza jandaghi

__________________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract: Mutual funds are moving rapidly towards financial market development in response to huge market demand in Iran.so what is needed is a useful and applicable method for appraising and selecting them. Performance evaluation is one the most important point in investment .therefore, in this research we tried to compute and compare the performance of mutual funds by different models and compare them to market. So we have chosen 14 active mutual funds during the year 2008 to 2012 and calculate the risks and returns of these mutual funds, then we analyzed hypotheses. Results show that performance evaluation of modern and postmodern theory gives different ranking. At this period some mutual funds showed better performance than market and some on the contrary .Also results show that postmodern portfolio criteria were more successful for predicting return than modern criteria. At the end results of research recommend the use of postmodern criteria which are based on downside risk

29-33

Authors: Preeti Goswami , Yogesh Yadav, Chakradhar V

Lateral side of each intermediate crest has four dorsal sacral foramina for the passage of posterior division of the sacral nerves. Not only they serve as an important landmark in placement of spinal instrumentation but are also of great importance in trans-sacral block of sacral nerves for producing analgesia and anesthesia in pelvic surgeries. Therefore a study on the variation in number of dorsal sacral foramina was conducted in 80 adult dry North Indian sacra. Three dorsal sacral foramina were seen on the lateral side of each intermediate crest in two sacra (2.5%) and five in 2 sacra (2.5%) amongst all the sacra examined. This study revealed that there is variation in the number of dorsal sacral foramina. Anesthetists should be aware of this disparity to be able to perform trans-sacral nerve block successfully. Radiologists must also know about this variation to interpret the radiographs of lumbo-sacral region. Neurologist and orthopedist should also be cognizant of this fact to diagnose patients presenting with bizarre clinical findings.

38-44

Authors: Dr. Rajendra Kumar Jatav, Dr. Mamta B. Kumbhare , Dr. Alugubelly Keerthi Reddy ,Dr. Pekra Ragini Rao

An atrial septal aneurysm is a rare but well recognized cardiac abnormality of uncertain clinical relevance. Migraine has long been considered a risk factor for stroke. ASA is often observed in young patients with ischemic stroke and is frequently associated with other conditions potentially leading to embolism. The aim of the study is to find the prevalence and morphological types of Isolated ASA in adult patients with migraine in south India. During study period we performed TTE in 180 consecutive patients and diagnosis of ASA was performed according to Alexander Olivares-Reyes criteria. The prevalence of isolated ASA was higher in patients with migraine with aura (34.28%) than in patients with migraine without aura (9.09%) [p <.005] or in control subjects (4.71%) [p < .005]. Five different types of Isolated ASA were diagnosed in the present study and each one had echocardiographic characteristics. Type 2L (41.17%) and Type 4LR (26.47%), were most common type of ASA and both were more common in adult female patients with migraine. Our data suggest a role of ASA in the genesis of aura in patients with migraine. The present study pointed out a high prevalence of PFO in female patients with migraine with aura.

49-56

Authors: Zahedi Arismani abolfazli, Dashti Reza

Railway signaling and control systems That have been developed throughout the history of the industry, despite the Influential role the safety and operation of trains Challenges and problems are now.To solve these problems, these systems must Use day and new technologies are restructuring. Developed countries as well as some of the rail industry Drawing on its experience and technology in Europe and Japan. Usually more effective than others in the industry are the source of change.But the setup and use of these technologies New challenges and problems associated with, Challenges outlined in this paper has tried to prevent their expression

62-67

Authors: Mohd Sah, Mira Asmida, Habidin, Nurul Fadly, Md Latip, Nor Azrin, Salleh, Mad Ithnin

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship of supply chain management (SCM) practices and continuous innovation (CI) to be implementing in Malaysian automotive industry. This paper tries to examine how CI can contribute and have a positive impact on the development of SCM practices to achieve better performance in the automotive industry. In addition, by applying the advantages of innovation in an industry, they are able to ensure they have a competitive advantage factor. There are several elements that can be selected to support the CI and SCM practices in the automotive industry. The relationship between structure CI and SCM practices is proved by the use of Structural Equation Model (SEM) as recommended. Since this is a concept paper, most of the literature from the previous survey taken as a basic guide for this study as well as the construction of models of the relationship between the CI and SCM practices is made. Next, the hypotheses can be generated based on the model of the proposed research and literature review. It has been shown that the CI which acts as an intermediary for the Malaysian automotive industry can continue to perform to make the transformation SCM practice management system in the Malaysian automotive industry more efficiently and effectively in line with the industry to be the best among the competitors in other countries.

76-81

Authors: Chen, Yong

This paper explores the social function of code-switching as an indirect refusal strategy in business workplace discourse. Workplace discourse often deals with various strategies of making requests, expressing refusal to the requests, negotiating over decisions and exercising power through language. The social function of code-switching plays an important role in bilingual workplace discourse and has an effect on the negotiation between interlocutors. By analyzing an excerpt from a Chinese movie, Go Lala Go, code-switching is found to be employed when one of the interlocutors shifts to a new topic, adjusts social distance, attempts to construct a particular sentence structure in one language, or assigns obligations and rights, in order to achieve certain communicative goals. Ultimately, this paper argues that the use of code-switching during negotiation reveals an asymmetrical power relation in the workplace.

1-7

Authors: Prof.Dr.Badawy, Usama

Abstract: The relation between architecture and climate is a key factor influencing the origin and development of architecture. Climate and environment challenges the designers from many years, owners and the masons can always come over the building materials by local affordable materials, and can solve structural problems depending on the previous experiences and in some cases by inventions, the main problematic and challengeable exercise is to save energy and to safeguard the environment. This paper summarizes adaptive practice in vernacular Architecture with emphasis on constructing in the hot-summer and cold-winter zone. Secondly, the paper explores the exhibition of the wind condition in different city configurations and different types of architecture. The final part contains recommendation and suggesting for the future planning and designing.

15-19

Authors: Singh, Dr. R.P.

Abstract: The present time has brought many avenues before human race, and a human being is almost baffled in making a choice. In the same tone, in the twenty-first century India the creative tension of Indian novelists in English leads those to accept a ‘glocalised’ situation where they get allured to the international charm but feel tortured by many a transcultural and commercial forces in the smooth sail of their vision. This juxtaposition results in creating an alternative sub-cultural landscape which gets cemented in a neo-Indianness which on the one hand claims certain association with the icons like Che Guevara, Pentagon, and Hollywood, and on the other keeps a root intact in re-making a ‘Malgudi’of their own. Many a times the literary aesthetics slips into a tone of social document. Literarture, in the contemporary times, is rather a product of market forces and socio-economic pushes. The present paper focuses on different issues and thematic perspectives in modern Indian novel writing in English

28-32

Authors: J. Stephen Guffey, Susan Motts, Emily Payne, Timothy W. Clough

Abstract:: We describe a treatment for patients suffering from peripheral neuropathy. Current treatment is focused on prevention of adverse outcomes, rather than addressing the associated circulatory and sensory deficits common to peripheral neuropathy. We describe the use of near-IR light to address the patient’s sensory loss, pain and lowered function. A 62 year old Caucasian male diagnosed as Type II diabetic was treated in this study. Using the Semmes Weinstein Monfilament Test, the Visual Analog Pain Scale and the Foot Function Index, he was found to have decreased foot sensation, pain and decreased lower extremity function. He received near-IR at 12 J/cm2 per treatment location, 3 times per week for 6 weeks. The light treatment was administered using a hand held probe over the lumbosacral spinal roots paravertebrally and on six locations on each foot. Post testing showed marked improvement in all three areas measured. These improvements were clinically significant based on the established minimally clinically important difference values for each of the three measures. The results suggest that near-IR energy may be an effective intervention to decrease pain, improve function, and increase sensation in individuals suffering from peripheral neuropathy. Basic research suggests that near-IR may increase blood flow. This result is believed to be achieved as a result of the relationship near-IR has with nitric oxide. Additional research is needed to establish the efficacy and generalizability of this treatment for patient populations similar to the patient represented in this case report.

39-47

Authors: Ulla, Mark B., MAELT

Writing is one of the most challenging language skills in second language learning. In fact, even for those who speak English as a first language, the ability to write requires long, intensive and specialized instruction. Errors in writing can affect not just the form but communication as well. Thus, through this condition, the researcher was challenged to pose this study to identify some language errors that are common in the composition of the English major students who take up Bachelor of Science in Education English and Bachelor of Arts in English enrolled in the 1st semester of academic year 2013-2014 of Father Saturnino Urios University, Butuan City. There were a total of 30 respondents who participated in the study and most of them were in their 3 rd and 4th years in their respective programs. The descriptive method was applied by the researcher. To ensure impartiality on the data presentation, interpretation and analysis, the researcher used statistical tools such as: frequency, and percentage. Further, this paper tries to examine and identify how these language errors affect the communication presented in their writings. More specifically, this paper tries to address the following problems: 1. What language errors are found common in the composition of the respondents? 2. How do these errors affect the meaning of the sentences? What could account for the occurrence of these features? 3. What language intervention program can be proposed to address the needs of the respondents? From the result, it was found out that most of the respondents committed misuse and omission of punctuation marks and pronoun-antecedent agreement which marked the highest percentage of errors the respondents had difficulty to deal with. This was followed by misuse and omission of verb and misspelling being the least committed error

51-57

Authors: D.Jayarajan , R. Subashkumar , F.Sylviamary , S.Silvan, EK.Elumalai

The pathogenic feature including slime production and serum resistant contributes a significant role in virulence of Acinetobacters leading to a successive multi-drug resistant organism in the Clinical care. The present study is sought for isolation and identification of Slime producing, Multi drug resistant Acinetobacter sp in clinical samples. Out of the total 92 samples analyzed 39 (42.3%) were positive for Acinetobacter sp in which 23, 6 and 10 were identified as A.baumanni (59%), A.lwoffi (15.3%) and A.hemolyticus (25.6%) respectively. All the isolates were screened for multiple antibiotic resistant capabilities. The slime production were confirmed in 10 (43.4%), 5(83.3%) and 1(10%) of A.baumannii, A.lwoffi and A.hemolyticus. Similarly 19 (82.6%), 5(83.3) and 8 (80%) of A.baumannii, A.lwoffi and A.hemolyticus were resistant to normal human serum bactericidal activity. In conclusion our study claims that all the serum resistant strains were potential slime producers and expresses high MAR index which appears to be a strong correlation between these virulent factors that leads to high pathogenicity of Acinetobacter sp in the human environment.

63-69

Authors: Chakraborti Bratati, Roy Sharmistha, Pattnaik Prasant Kumar

Abstract: In the field of service computing, cloud computing provides a scalable services and promising delivery platform. Although the specific future of cloud computing is hard to pin, but it has a vital impact in the present world of Information Technology and digitalized business world. The more usable the cloud is the more efficient will be its task performance and making a cloud usable is Usability. The usability aspect is an essential criterion to design services in an interactive way to support the task performance efficiently, effectively and with least navigational time, which increases user satisfaction level. Usability experts have carried out various usability evaluation techniques and metrics (or user satisfaction metrics) which play a significant role in cloud computing environment. Thus usability aspect became essential for designing cloud services and more interactive to support the user at their work. This paper mainly addresses the various usability techniques and evaluation assessment and issues that may be considered while evaluating the usability of cloud services.

76-83

Authors: Abood Saad N. , Najim Laith A. , Jundi Kh. Yousif

Samarium isotopes (Z=62) lie in the traditional rotational to transitional-spherical region that occurs at the range of deformed nuclei. Energy levels, Electromagnetic transitions B(E2), B(M1), mixing ratio  E2/ M1 and monopole transitions BE0 for the selected transitions in 152-154Sm are calculated in the frame work of collective models protonneutron Interacting boson model (IBM-2) and Dynamic deformation model (DDM). The results obtained for 152-154Sm are reasonably in good agreement with the known experimental results. The E0 quantities predicted by the two Models (IBM-2 and DDM) for 03 + states were on the whole in poor agreement with experiment. Furthermore, the microscopic characters of the ground states and the excited 0+ states in Sm152-154 would appear to be sufficiently complex to eliminate any description of them in terms of the simple model. We noticed that most of the experimental and calculated values for the X(E0/ E2) ratio are small, which means that there is a small contribution of E0 transition on the life time of the  0 states

89-93

Authors: Mishra Sambit Kumar , Pattnaik Srikanta (Dr.), Patnaik Dulu(Dr.)

In distributed databases, usually the cost of optimization increases while consulting the underlying data sources in the query optimization process. The query optimizer may handle the data sources and the optimization techniques adopted are required to be implemented to all relevant cost information with minimal communication. It is understood that query optimization issues depend upon relations i.e. cardinality, size of a tuple and fraction of tuples participating in a join with another relation. Also it is seen that the query optimization issues depend upon attribute comprising with cardinality of domain, actual number of distinct values and Common assumptions. The query optimization task involves with selecting the plans and sub plans, evaluating the size of plans and sub plans along with cost of plans and sub plans. In many cases the query execution cost is measured in conceptual units. But In a distributed database, the query execution costs must be divided into multiple dimensions. In this paper it is intended to discuss the approaches of query optimization and enumerate the query optimization techniques in distributed environment. As it has been seen that selecting the optimal execution strategy for a query is NP-hard in the number of relations, genetic algorithm may be applied in this case to evaluate plan select value, CPU time, cost of query plans and sub plans including I/O cost. The purpose of doing so is to measure the cost of data sets while dealing with large data sets in the distributed environment.

97-100

Authors: Yogesh Yadav , Preeti Goswami, Chakradhar V

: Congenital anomalies of posterior arch of atlas are very uncommon and usually asymptomatic. The abnormalities at the cranio-vertebral junction are present in approximately 1% of newborn infants, but they may not produce symptoms until adult life. The following are examples of such congenital anomalies: basilar invagination, assimilation of atlas, atlantoaxial dislocation, Arnold-Chiari malformation, and separate dens of the axis. Assimilation of atlas is due to nonsegmentation at the junction of the atlas and occipital bone. During anthropometric study of 40 skulls in the Department of Anatomy, one skull was discovered, which exhibited assimilation of the atlas to the occipital bone. Knowledge of atlantooccipital fusion may be important for forensic experts, radiologists, anaesthesiologist, orthopaedic and neurosurgeons. Skeletal abnormalities at the craniocervical junction may result in sudden unexpected death. It can also result in dysphagia, dysarthria or torticollis because of compression of cranial nerves.

108-112

Authors: Banerjee Indrajit , Mukherjee Roan , Banerjee Indraneel , Banerjee Shantimoy, Sathian Brijesh, Bakthavatchalam Pugazhandhi

The main objective of the study was to find the different sport injuries found among medical students. This cross sectional study was carried out at Manipal Sanjeevani Clinic, Pokhara, Nepal from July 2008- June 2012. Chi square test and Logistic regression model were used for analytical purpose. Among 122 medical students 70.5% were male .Most common sport that provoked injuries were football 36.1%, basketball 28.7%, cricket 20.5%, volleyball 11.5% and badminton 3.3%. Lower limb was commonly affected in 63.9% cases. Joint that was involved was ankle joint 41.8% followed by wrist joint 19.7%. Contusion was the commonest form of injury 56.6% followed by sprain 37.7% and fracture 5.7%. In 25.4% of the cases hospitalization were required.Male students [OR 3.835(CI 1.695, 8.678) having lower limb injury as compared to females. Male students has [OR 8.095(CI 1.698, 38.595)], [OR 14.571(CI 1.472, 144.28)], [ OR 41.286( 4.572, 372.788)] and [OR 8.831( 2.926, 26.651)] tendency of injury to elbow joint, shoulder joint, knee joint and ankle joint as compared to the females. With proper interventions such injuries can be restricted.