International Journal of Chemical Research

27-32

Authors: GOVINDARAJAN C., RAMASUBRAMANIAN S., NASREEN K., VIJAYALAKSHMI K., SUDHA P.N.

Polymer blends were prepared in the presence and absence of cross linking agent like glutaraldehyde. Ternary blends were prepared by mixing of carboxymethyl cellulose, chitosan and starch, in the various ratios in presence and absence of the cross linking agent like glutaraldehyde. The characterization of various polymeric blends were carried out by advanced analytical techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-raydiffraction (XRD) and Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). The obtained results of IR studies reveal the presence of cross linking between the polymers and cross linking agents. From the results of DSC and TGA it was concluded that the blend prepared with glutaraldehyde as a cross linking agent was found to be highly thermally stable. The present study reveals that the polymer blends are very strong in the presence of cross linking agent than in the absence of cross linking agent. The results are discussed.

5-16

Authors: Raghu K., Chandrasekar A., Sankaran K.R.

The redox characteristics of the drug Bicalutamide at a glassy-carbon electrode (GCE) was investigated for the first time in aqueous media by differential-pulse voltammetry (DPV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). In Britton–Robinson (BR) buffer of pH 2.0–10.0, an irreversible and diffusion-controlled reduction voltagram were developed. The dependence of the CV response of the developed cathodic peak on the sweep rate (
) and on depolarizer concentration was typical electrode-coupled chemical reaction mechanism (EC) in which an irreversible reaction is interposed between the charges. In BR buffer of pH 6 - 7, a well defined cathodic peak was developed and the plot of peak current height of the DPV against Bicalutamide concentration at this peak potential was linear in the range 1×10−8– 2.6 ×10−5 M with lower limits of detection (LOD) and quantization (LOQ) of 8 x 10-8 M and 1 ×10−7 M, with good selectivity and sensitivity. A relative standard deviation (RSD) for Bicalutamide at a concentration of 4.5×10−5 M was 2.48% (n=6). The proposed method was successfully applied to Bicalutamide determination in pharmaceutical samples and results are very good correlations with previously reported methods.

8-17

Authors: Gopala Rao T.V., Sudip Kumar Sen, Amruta Samal, Soumya Satpathy

Polyene antibiotics are antifungal agents. They interact with cell membrane sterols and form pores in the membrane. All the cell constituents will leak through the pores and finally cell death occurs. Results of this paper have demonstrated that the specific phospholipids mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae which have been used to find out the the mechanism of action of antibiotic nystatin, by using the techniques of growth, viability and amino acid influx altered the sensitivity. The acquired resistance of phospholipids enriched cells as judged from (i) growth and viability could be dissociated (ii) the effect of antibiotics on the transport of amino acids was different from that of growth, viability and binding, which may due to the fact that membrane permeability changes could be dissociated. Further, the mutants, which accumulate PC (phosphatidyl choline) or PE (phosphatidyl ethanolamine) or PS (phospholipids serine) in the cell membrane, altered the sensitivity of antibiotic nystatin by non-specific binding of antibiotic to phospholipids. Further, these results would help for the pathogenesis control of Candida albicans, which is pathogenic yeast.

20-24

Authors: Ghadai A.K., Kumar S., Acharya D.K.

A comparative bio-molecular assay was made on the two cyanobacterial isolates i.e. Anabaena cylindrica and Oscillatoria tenue to study the effect of different concentration of Diazinon, an organophosphorus insecticide. We have carried out these experiments to investigate the response of different concentration of Diazinon. Finally Maximum Allowable Concentration (MAC) of Diazinon on Cyanobacterial isolates was observed. Heterocystous forms of cyanobacteria are more sensitive to pesticide than that the non-heterocystus forms of cyanobacteria. Cyanobacterial isolates were treated with different concentrations of Diazinon i.e., 1ppm, 3ppm, 5ppm, 7ppm & 10ppm. The growth, macromolecular content of carbohydrate, protein, amino acid and nitrogen was observed. The experiments were carried out for 28 days, and it was observed that the higher concentration i.e., 9ppm and 10ppm of Diazinon are adversely affecting the growth & the macromolecular contents of cyanobacterial isolates. It is also found that at late exponential phase (even in untreated conditions) the experimental macromolecular content was high in the isolates.

28-31

Authors: Anjali Mishra, Manoj Kumar, Ashok Mishra, Arvind Kumar, Ravi Kant, Thakur R.S.

Some new amides of 5-Sulphosalicylic acid were synthesized by the reaction of suitable amines with 5-sulphosalicylic acid in 2:1 ratio. The compounds are novel and first time screened for their biological evaluation along with general characterization with the help of elemental analysis, IR spectral analysis. These compounds showed higher to moderate biological activity against different pathogenic microbial strains.

8-17

Authors: Ojha M.D., Bhandari P.A., Patil A.G., Prasade A.M.

Protein analysis employs various techniques and methods, which help to study the protein. Quality Control (QC) is a system of routine technical activities, to measure and control the quality of the inventory as it is being developed. It provides routine and consistent checks to ensure data integrity, correctness, and completeness, helps to identify and address errors and omissions also document and archive inventory material and record all QC activities. Protein analysis techniques are developing fast due to the growing number of proteins obtained by recombinant DNA techniques.

24-27

Authors: Sumitha Ch., Karuna Sree N., Divya B., Madhavi K., Vimal Kumar Varma M., Charbe N.N.

The purpose of this research was to mask the intensely bitter taste of Ondansetron HCl and to formulate rapid disintegrating films (RDFs) of the taste-masked drug using methocel E15. Taste masking was done by complexing Ondansetron HCl with ion exchange resin (Polacriline Potassium) which also has disintegrating property, in different ratios and by using sucralose as sweetening agent in very low concentrations. Taste was further masked using vanilla flavor in combination with lychee and banana flavor. Drug-polymer complexes (DPCs) were tested for drug content, in vitro taste in simulated salivary fluid (SSF) of pH 6.2, and molecular property. Complex that did not release drug in SSF was considered taste-masked and selected for formulation RDFs. The complex with drug-polymer ratio of 2:1 did not show drug release in SSF; therefore, it was selected. The properties of films such as hydration study, folding endurance and invitro drug disintegration in the oral cavity were investigated. PEO N-10, 7% wt/wt gave the minimum disintegration time and elegance to the final product. Films of batch F4 containing mannitol and sorbital in the ratio 1:1 and 7% wt/wt PEO N-10 showed faster disintegration, within 12.5 seconds. Good correlation between in-vitro disintegration behavior and in the oral cavity was recognized. Taste evaluation of RDF in human volunteers revealed considerable taste masking with the degree of bitterness below threshold value (0.5) ultimately reaching to 0 within 15 minutes, whereas Ondansetron HCl was rated intensely bitter with a score of 3 for 10 minutes. Films of batch F4 also revealed rapid drug release (t90, 60 seconds) in SGF. Thus, results conclusively demonstrated successful masking of taste and rapid disintegration of the formulated films in the oral cavity.