The Journal of Zoology Studies

04-13

Authors: Girish Kumar B, Bijoy Nandan S

The sub-lethal effects of copper on the humoral, enzymological and histopathological parameters in the teleost fish, Anabas testudineus and the curative capacity of vitamin C were investigated. The 96 hour LC50 value of copper was determined using Probit method and was found to be 1.74 mg/L. Fish blood from two sub-lethal concentrations, vitamin supplemented media and toxicant and vitamin free control were analysed on 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day of exposure. The haemoglobin (Hb), haematocrit (Hct), erythrocyte count (RBC) and oxygen carrying capacity were reduced compared to the control values up to the day 21 followed by a significant increase (p < 0. 0001) in all test concentrations on the day 28. The microscopic observation of RBCs in higher concentrations and long exposure showed crenation, immature RBCs with enlarged nuclei, hypochromia and cytoplasmic vacuolation. The plasma lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity increased (p<0.0001) progressively up to 21st day of exposure and then decreased significantly towards the control value on the 28th day. Copper exposure caused a dose and duration based increase in hepatotoxic biomarkers like glutamate oxalo transaminase (GOT) and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) in all the samples studied. The liver of exposed fish showed drastic architectural disruption such as hepatocyte degeneration, cell necrosis, inflammation with sinusoid dilation and thrombus formation. The present investigation clearly reveals toxicity of copper even at sub-lethal concentrations on the physiology and histology of the fish. The betterment of humoral, enzymological and histological aspects in vitamin treated fish illustrates the curative and prophylactic role of the vitamin against copper intoxication

19-22

Authors: Md. Muzammel Hossain and Mohammad Abdul Baki

The present studies the molluscan fauna from twelve sampling stations within two sites of River Brahmaputra in Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Survey was carried out from December 2011 to November 2012. During survey period we have collected mollusca by hand packing from the study area and identified a total of 15 species. Altogether 15 species (10 gastropod and 5 bivalve species) were recorded during the study period. Among gastropoda Melanoides tuberculata (Muller), Indoplanorbis exustus(Deshayes)and Bellamya begalensis were most dominant species recorded from all stations and in Bivalve specie Lamellidens marginalis were found at ten stations out of twelve. Three types of habitat (Muddy, Sandy and low vegetation) also observed in the River. The study revealed that the molluscan community could be explored for possible use as biomonitors in the River Brahmaputra.

31-37

Authors: Naheed Jan, Qaisar Khan, Sumayya Raziq, Ahsan Khan*, Ali Muhammad Yousafzai

Physiochemical parameters of River Sardaryab (a tributary of River Kabul) were analyzed in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) province of Pakistan. The water quality was studied during the months of March to July 2011. Aim of the study was to observe the suitability of River water for fish fauna. Possible sources of contamination were analyzed. The major contaminant found in the River Sardaryab signifying the release of domestic waste water into the River without any treatment. Parameters measured included Water Temperature, pH, Alkalinity, Total hardness, Total Chloride level, Nitrite and Nitrates. All the parameters were within the permissible limit with mean values and standard error include Air Temperature = 330±5.790C; Water Temperature = 30.120± 5.870C; pH = 8.22±1.26; Chloride = 0±0mg/l; Nitrite = 0.32±0mg/l; Nitrate = 7.1±2.56mg/l; Hardness = 150±37.14mg/l; Alkalinity = 232±26.41 mg/l. The water chemistry of the River reflects the absence of sub lethal pollution rendering the River water fit for fish and other aquatic organisms, livestock and irrigation.

04-06

Authors: S. Rajashekara and S. Chandrashekara

Animal mortality is the death of animal individuals in the natural population. This is of two types – natural mortality and unnatural mortality. The natural mortality is the specific mortality due to ageing and controlled by natural methods/nature. The unnatural mortality is the actual loss of an individual under the circumstances created by man-made environment.

13-14

Authors: Md. Muzammel Hossain and Mohammad Abdul Baki

Sonadia, about with an area of 9 square km and it’s the north–west of Cox’s Bazar. Survey was conducted from 7am to 5pm on March 20, 2014. Sonadia Island located between 21°28'26.92"N, 91°55'53.74"E and 21°32'49.47"N, 91°50'38.45"E. One dead Irrawaddy dolphin was found on Sonadia Island, Cox’s bazar which near Bay of Bengal in Bangladesh during faunal survey.

5-11

Authors: Monalisa Mishra

The morphology and fine structure of the ocelli of Acanthosiphon pisum have been analyzed by means of light and electron microscopy. The three ocelli of this species are located near the compound eyes. Externally, the ocelli are marked by the corneal lenses virtually spherical in form. A single layer of corneagen cells lies below the cuticular lens. The corneagen and retinal cells are arranged in a cup-like manner below the cuticular lens. Each retinal cell contribute their microvilli to form rhabdom. Below the rhabdom the oviform nuclei of the retinal cells appear. Screening pigment granules are present within the retinal cell. Spherical mitochondria are homogeneously distributed in the cytoplasm of the cell body. At the proximal region retinal cells form axon and exit the basal lamina

19-21

Authors: Odejayi AO, Banjo AD and Lawal OA

Beanweevil (Callosobruchus maculatus) was reared and allowed to damage cowpea severely, while the heavily infested cowpea was then processed into flour. The nutritional composition of heavily infested cowpea flour and Callosobruchus maculatus were investigated using Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). The result showed that, infested cowpea flour has; 15.50% of Protein, 226 µg/100g of Vitamin A, 17.39 mg/100g of Vitamin C, 1.67 mg/100gof Vitamin B, as for Minerals; 200 mg/Kg of Calcium, 650 mg/100g of Phosphorus, 528 mg/100g of Iron and 110 mg/Kg of Magnesium. It was concluded that, there was high depreciation in the nutritional composition of infested cowpea when compared to non-infested cowpea, which was due to the weevil infestation.

26-28

Authors: Shajla P*, Vijayalakshmi C.K and Tintumol K

Planococcus citri and P. lilacinus are major sucking pests of coffee causes considerable crop loss. Pests were naturally suppressed by the presence of indigenous and exotic natural enemies in the ecosystem. The occurrence of natural enemies was surveyed in different blocks of RCRS farm and Spalgis epius, Pullus sp. and Leptomastix dactylopii were found abundant. Lack of pesticide application favours the establishment of natural enemies.