EMINAK

5-9

Authors: Serdyuk Igor

Investigate attitudes towards illegitimate children in society of Hetmanschyna on the background characteristics of their perception of early modern Europe. It was established that the proportion of children in society of Cossack Ukraine was extremely low. It can not be explained solely chastity population, we can talk about hiding illegitimate births due to infanticide. At distinctly negative attitude towards the fact of extramarital sex, contemporary society was not unambiguous in its relation to children born in fornication. According to Christian standards they had to take responsibility for the sins of their parents, but society of Hetmanschyna perceived illegitimate in various forms - from branding to legitimacy. Contemporary legislation all the negative onto a parent illegitimate child was limited property rights, but despite marginalization could hope for full integration into society. A significant social mobility of contemporary society and relevant mechanical legitimation given such opportunities.

20-23

Authors: Fesenko Angelika

The article is devoted to the problem of awarding the title of «Honorary Citizen of the City» in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Using the example of Admiral Kislinsky’s activity, the author managed to trace the procedure of bestowing the title. The title was granted for merits before or whole country. Was granted by the petition of city Duma through voting. Was approved by Emperor. The title was granted during reciever’s life, the file on moire lining served as a proof, it contained an address and name of receiver. The main hall of city Duma was decorated with portraits of honorary citizens. The subject of the study is some unknown facts about the life and activities of the Admiral. The article highlights the contribution of Peter Ivanovich to the development of Sevastopol and the south of Ukraine. Peter Kislinsky took part in Crimean war, defense of Sevastopol after which as the first commandant was restoring the city after Crimean war. For that he was awarded an honorary citizenship of the. Was opened via documents of Russian state archive of Black Sea fleet in the city of Saint-Petersburg.

29-33

Authors: Petrenko Iryna

In article it is told about the Poltava doctor and the revolutionary Alexander Aleksandrovich Volkenstein, the friend and the adherent of the famous humanist writer and the public figure Vladimir Galaktionovich Korolenko. Thanks to little-known memoirs of a poltavchanin of scientific community of Isaak Abramovich Mariyenbakh we can fill in some blanks in the biography of the talented doctor and public figure who physically and morally saved human souls and fought against injustice and oppression. I.A. Mariyenbakh’s memoirs are stored in fund of the Poltava historian and local historian Vera Nikanorovna Zhuk in the State archive of Poltava region. Thanks to their introduction to a scientific turn an opportunity to deepen knowledge from primary source lips of a course of life and public work of Alexander Aleksandrovich Volkenstein is represented.

40-45

Authors: Ivanova Tatyana

Difficult economic situation was minority holdings at the beginning of the 1920’s. Years of war destroyed the national economy of dispossession of wealthy settlers, confiscation of property, collecting surplus food, the destruction of productive forces, further deterioration of the economic situation of households minority region, repressive policies of Soviet power and eventually famine in 1921-1922. It is generated rejection of the policy of war communism. On March of 1921 at the Tenth Congress of the RCP(b) was change of course. Surplus food tax were changed to mean the cancellation policy of war communism and the introduction of the New Economic Policy (NEP). Created peasant unions represented by committees of poor peasants, farm workers unions and mutual aid committee in masses and to subordinate it to his ideology. Reducing the force, command and management of the economy coincided with the desire of the bulk of the peasantry to rebuild their economies. An important area of work was to promote economic development of areas densely populated by national minorities of land management, strengthening of individual farms, development cooperation, trade, crafts, a system of loans and social security. The governing bodies of the party, holding in their hands the levers of influence on national processes, recognized as one of the main factors governing regional zoning. On their initiative in 1922 launched the reform of administrative and territorial structure, which adversely affected the lives of minorities. During the NEP, hungry after 1923 individual agricultural economy minority achieved high yields of crops, producing highquality animal products. Most of them were profitable. This provided generally adequate standard of living. But they were able to more or less normal function to the 1927-1928, when towards them began to grow administrative burden.

51-54

Authors: Kravchuk Leonid

In the article are goals and tasks of the development of broadcasting and cinematography in the districts of the region are disclosed, as one of the brightest and most effective factors in the formation of the Soviet worldview and communist convictions among the local population in the newly occupied territory. Although Soviet ideology showed all these innovations as the concern of the Communist Party and the Stalin government for the awareness of the population of various formats with news that was dosed and after a thorough review of censorship. The list of films and broadcasts was of exclusively military and heroic meaning and aroused irreconcilability towards class enemies who obstructed the socialist revolution and its tasks in the struggle to affirm the equality of brotherhood and prosperity among workers and peasants. The activities of all these institutions were controlled by a large number of party functionaries loyal to the Soviet system, responsible for the timely revision of film production by districts and regions, cities and villages.

63-68

Authors: Kalkutina Natalia

This article tells us about the background, causes and results of foreign prisoners of Soviet camps on the rehabilitation of industrial enterprises in southern Ukraine in the post-war period. The country’s economy destroyed during the war demanded radical reconstruction. For this purpose all available labour resourses have been mobilized. But in the context of postwar shortage of working hands the Soviet leadership attracted the prisoners of war from enemy armies to the rehabilitation. Working in industrial undertakings the prisoners had to pay back the cost of their living and at the same time build production facilities. The author concludes that foreign prisoners filled the gaps in the workforce of the country significantly as they were the only stable reserve of manpower. But throughout the entire period of use of POW labour force in southern Ukraine their productivity remains significantly lower than of civilian workers. Without convincing motivation the vast majority of prisoners in Soviet camps did not agree to give the remains of health and sometimes life to fight for a brighter economic future of the country- winner. Therefore common forms of labour exploitation resistance were equipment damage, sabotage, self-mutilation which led to considerable production losses. However the work of former soldiers of the enemy armies became fundamental in restoring of the key economic installations.

73-77

Authors: Kozhanov Andrew, Shypotilova Olena

In the article based on archive of Mykolaiv regional organization of Rukh and press is analyzed the conditions and features of the campaign Rukh as the most powerful party of national democratic bloc in parliamentary elections in 1994, 1998. Authors highlight basic the forms and methods of work with voters, present the results of voting in Mykolayiv area. It should be noted that the election campaign in 1994 in Mykolaiv found a number of failures in organizing advocacy events Rukh. Taking into account the shortcomings of previous party leaders are actively working to expand the social base, forming a positive political image, improving the communication process. The main activity Rukh activists in the region was a cultural and educational development, youth and the environment support. Despite the high organizational level of campaign information support in the party media, Rukh failed to reach the electoral advantage of the principal ideological opponent – Communist Party of Ukraine. Among the important factors influencing the election results can be stated such points as: opposition of the ruling elite side of the area, traditionally strong position of the parties «left bias» in the region, the low level of consolidation in the ranks of the National Democrats.

84-91

Authors: Polishchuk Yurii

The article analyzes the works of M. Korduba, devoted to the Ukrainian historians of the era of Romanticism. It was found out that among the Dnipro romanticist he paid the greatest attention to the figures of M. Maksymovych, P. Kulish, T. Shevchenko and M. Kostomarov. According to the researcher, they were characterized by the love of the Cossack past, the search and systematic publication of historical sources. At the same time, the scientist notes the weakness of the archaeological processing of published documents. It is noted that for the first time M. Korduba paid special attention to the Galician romantic historiography. According to him, the historical works of O. Partytsky, B. Didytsky, D. Zubrytsky, A. Petrushevich and I. Sharanevich were created under the influence of the Muscvophile ideology, which determined the thematic priorities of their scientific searches. The point is that focusing on the problem of the origins of the common historical memory of Ukrainians and Russians, the Galician Muscvophiles paid the greatest attention to the princely age. As a result, the connection in the historiographic discourse of M. Korduba of the personality and conceptual approaches is noted. This was noticeable in the attempt of the scientist to reproduce the diversity of individual manifestations of the domestic romantic Clio. It was also important for the researcher's unifying optics: he is the first time in Ukrainian science to reproduce Galician and Transdnistrian historiographical processes as equally important and interconnected intellectual phenomena. As a result, there was an understanding of the need to overcome regional differences in historical culture and the creation of a nationwide historiographical narrative. This task, which was first outlined by M. Korduba, was realized by his successors in the interwar period.

98-102

Authors: Davtyan David

An attempt is made in the article to consider contemporary Armenian historiography of the history of Armenians of the Northern Black Sea Region. In the article, special attention was paid to publications published after 1991. The main directions of scientific research of modern Armenian researchers are analyzed. In the article the main directions and problematic issues of the history of Armenians of the region, which were left without due attention of modern Armenian researchers, are considered. Thus, in the modern Armenian historiography, there is no evidence of scientific interest in the study, rethinking, or new scientific research in the history of Armenians in the Northern Black Sea region. It should be noted that a large number of problems are connected with the history of Armenians in the region, such as the eviction of Armenians from Crimea and Bessarabia, the national education, the legal status of Armenians and the Armenian Church, Armenian Catholics, and the differential typology of Armenian colonies (colonies and communities), issues Armenian refugees, political parties, diplomatic institutions, has not been adequately covered in modern Armenian historiography.

109-113

Authors: Tarantsova Tetiana

The most pressing issue has always been land, especially for the post-reform period in the Ukrainian lands within the Russian Empire. National agriculture was an agricultural country, it came to the fore and made themselves known, attracting the attention of a broader public. The development of the agricultural sector needs assistance to achieve development. The network of agronomic organizations was created for the stable development of agriculture. It worked for the good of the population. With the same purpose there were written and published agricultural literature which was looking for the most accessible form for disseminating in the national environment of agronomic knowledge. That is the was how its particular kind of popular agricultural literature was created. It was aimed to give practical advice to agronomists with a number of features of the area. The creators of the Commission on agricultural extension were members of the Kiev agronomic society (1909-1918). The Commission was created in 1911, its aimwas defined as advocacy of agricultural knowledge by various methods: lectures, short courses, establishment of «agricultural trains», spread to the masses of literature. The members of the Commission were sure that agriculture will rapidly develop if each district will create its own «local agriculture». It means that the local experience will be accumulated and will be enable to determine the way of action after the analysis. So you can not lose «local material», it is necessary to accumulate, organize and distribute for practical use. That was the work of the Commission on agricultural extension.

120-125

Authors: Hrushytska Iryna

The article is devoted to the history of the formation and development of research on the observation of space objects in the geostationary orbit at the Odessa Astronomical Observatory. The development of satellite astronomy in Odessa observatory began under the direction of V. Tsesevych simultaneously with the launch into space the first artificial Earth satellite on 4 October 1957. The first observations of geostationary satellites in the Odessa Astronomical Observatory were held at the end of the 1980s. The collapse of the USSR somewhat slowed the development of satellite astronomy in Odessa observatory, in particular observations of artificial satellites in high orbits were suspended. The revival of this direction occurred in the early twenty-first century. Today Odessa Astronomical Observatory is one of the leading institutions of Ukraine on issues of research of space objects in geostationary orbit. Odessa astronomers successfully are involved in monitoring the geostationary orbit and near-Earth space, photometric observations of geostationary satellites, search, indexing and monitoring of new pieces of space junk. Odessa Astronomical Observatory employees make a significant contribution to the development of Space Control Systems of Ukraine, the information which is used in the interests of security and defense. In 2016 a cooperation agreement was signed with the Observatory of the National Center for Management and Testing of Space Vehicles, which is involved in the creation of an international conglomerate of space control for safety and efficient space exploration. Also Odessa Astronomical Observatory is part of Ukrainian Network of Optical Stations, which was created in 2011 to organize the systematic research and monitoring of the contamination of outer space.

132-136

Authors: Oliynyk Oksana

The paper attempts to outline the historical and chronological retrospective of some aspects of the history of Ancient and Middle Ages European hospitality. Key aspects of the history of hospitality are described. The place and role of the ritual of receiving guests in Ukrainian hospitality tradition as a basic segment of the general history of hospitality in Ukraine is defined. The key role of bread in the Ukrainian hospitality communication is emphasized. The issues of formation of the communication component of the history of hospitality are explored; the interrelation and mutual influence of Ukrainian and European cultures is analyzed; historiosophy of Ukrainian hospitality as the unifying factor of the globalizing world is stresse.

5-13

Authors: Zemskyy Yuriy

One of the most intriguing aspects of perceiving global and local social and historic processes for researchers is to identify a set of causes that triggers social activity and prompts particular communities or even populations to rise against the generally accepted order and call for social and political transformations. These features were typical of the Revolution of 1917-1921 – the event that is regarded as a dramatic moment of lost opportunities in the history of Ukraine. Sporadic nation-orientated views of Ukrainian peasantry (mainly of those conscripted into the military service) were not properly coordinated by the leaders of the Revolutionary movement. Thus, Ukrainian elite turned to be less motivated and determined to achieve national liberty than common people. The author analyzes political convictions and creeds of Ukrainian opinion leaders of the Revolutionary epoch in order to find an explanation for this phenomenon. Ideas of national liberation, building an independent state and developing civic awareness, represented in Taras Shevchenko’s literary works, as well as Cossack ideological heritage charmed Ukrainian common people of that time and shaped their spontaneous national awareness. Nevertheless, Ukrainian intellectual community of the beginning of the 20th century considered social liberation, abolishing class restrictions together with material welfare for all social strata as priority objectives of their political endeavors. M. Mikhnovsky who emphasized national and state independence was among the few ones, who were ignored and ostracized by the official leaders of Ukrainian People’ Republic.

21-25

Authors: Savchenko Victor

The article examines the activities of anarchist organizations in Odessa during the years of the liberation struggle, legal and illegal forms of the struggle of anarchists and their tactical unions, the influence of anarchists on the population of Odessa. The diversity of anarchist ideology, tactical wavering to lead to the ideological and organizational weakness of anarchist formations. Struggling absolute freedom anarchists, involuntarily became builders of the red dictatorship. At the same time, the anarchists were among the first oppositionists to criticize the formation of the announcer regime, trying to raise the population against the arbitrariness of the Bolsheviks.

32-38

Authors: Fedchenko Yevheniia

The article is devoted to the concept of sexuality in Romans’ religious life. The author studies the aspect of coexistence of traditional Romans’ values with their sexuality. In the article the complex analysis of religious life in the Ancient Roman society is conducted from a perspective of the notions of sexuality and gender. Through in-depth analysis we talk about the both male and female role in the creation of various cults (from Bona Dea to Priapus). In the article it is stated about sense and status of a woman in the phallocentric society’s system, in addition to how female being is personified in the ancient beliefs. We analyzed the relation between religious and sexual aspect of life in the Ancient Rome. Attention is drawn to the way how the elements of religious system are adapted to the social hierarchy. The social role of a human is correlating to religious one. The analysis of the ceremonialism carried out in the article is based on such principles crucial for the Roman ethics as pudicitia (pudicity), castamonia (chasteness) etc. The deviant behaviour in religious ceremonies of the Ancient Romans is examined. Also, we looked though the process of foreign cults’ transformation on the whole, their adaptation to ancient Romans’ practices. The cults that struggled because of the open opposition and incomprehension as well as those that were considered normal ones are worth attention in this case. The author analyzes the gender roles appeared in cultural aspect of life and the transformation of sexual ethics in the society influenced with the sacral.

44-49

Authors: Lukiianchuk Viacheslav

The article is devoted to the fight against the discrimination of Roma minority in the United Kingdom after the Second World War. The research conserning this phenomenon has been analysed. Moreover, the basic stages, means and results of the struggle of Roma’s rights have been reviewed. It is emphasized that the Roma’s discrimination in post-war Britain was a continuation of anti-Romani policies of previous periods of British history. The article analyzes Roma’s research of this period. Also there have been considered the methods and ways to help the Roma from concerned British people. Some of Roma helped their communities overcome these problems too. The relations between the Roma’s minority and British society have always been and remain extremely strained. The research has raised the basic problems of Roma’s community such as education, social security, equality issues and providing of authorized sites of parking. The main cause of negative attitudes towards Roma communities are stereotypes and prejudice that have emerged after their appearance on the British Isles. The author shows specific examples of discrimination of Roma families from the authorities. The results of the fight against the discrimination were negated by the adoption of the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994.

55-59

Authors: Kayuk Anna

The object of the study is a historical narrative about the October Revolution presented in «Ogonek» magazine. Interpretation features of the October Revolution theme on the magazines’ pages for 1986-1990 years are discussed in the paper. The complex analysis of the «Ogonek» magazine publications on this issue is carried out. New trends in the interpretation of the October Revolution are reflected taking into account the realities of the glasnost and perestroika. Specific attention is given to 1987 when the 70th anniversary of the revolution was celebrated. Those days, the October Revolution was used by the authorities headed by M.S. Gorbachev as a symbolic legitimization of perestroika. An active use of the revolutionary discourse promoted to the radicalization of the society calling for more active changes and often rejection of the Soviet values. The author tracks the transformation of the October Revolution picture in the Soviet press and in the collective historical memory. The prerevolutionary Russian mythology changed one based on the October Revolution. This indicates a loss of the revolution myth and its value status that bring a significant impact on the Soviet Union, which historical legitimacy was based on the October Revolution myth. The influence of the «Ogonek» magazine publication on the formation of new ideas about the history and changes in the readers’ public mind is characterized.

66-70

Authors: Minasian Radik

In the article the situation in which the former Soviet Union appeared at the end of its existence is described. The reasons for the formation of the CIS are shown and analyzed. Different opinions of the formation and functioning of this organization are presented. The stages of the CIS`s activity in 1991-2015 are described. Such main events of the history of CIS as the singing the Bila Vezha Accords on December 8, 1991 and the Alma-Ata Declaration on the December 21, 1991 and the CIS Charter in 1993, the adoption the Concept of the further development of CIS and singing of the Treaty of creation of the FTA in October, 2011 are mentioned and described. Special attention has been given to the issue of the formation of the organizations that were added to the CIS and intended to strengthen it: the CSTO, the Customs Union and the Single Economic Space. The creation of the Eurasian Economic union is told about all the stages of the development of the Commonwealth of Independent States are analyzed. The trade wars that Russia has begun to lead with the CIS countries since the middle of the 2000s are described. It is mentioned that the Russian Federation uses this method to force other countries of CIS to deeper integration. The author emphasizes the role of the Russian Federation the biggest and most influential country of the region in the integration processes in the post-Soviet space. It is pointed out that Customs union the Single Economic Space and Eurasian union have been created by Russia with its closest alliances in the region.

76-80

Authors: Fedchenko Victoria

The article analyzes the reasons for reducing the level of efficiency of UN peacekeeping operations in Africa, criteria for assessing their effectiveness, and identifies possible ways to overcome this negative phenomenon in the activities of the organization. The author noted that at the beginning of the XXI century the issue of reducing the level of UN peacekeeping operations effectiveness in Africa includes two main aspects: 1) the problem of neutrality of UN peacekeepers in peacekeeping operations in Africa; 2) the problem of financing UN peacekeeping activities on the African continent. The article defines the key factors in the successful conduct of UN peacekeeping missions in Africa, namely: 1) the level of the UN responsibility for resolving conflicts; 2) the lack of external support for the warring parties; 3) the approval of UN actions by the local belligerents. The most important reason for the decline in the UN peacekeeping mission effectiveness in Africa is that the procedures for UN cooperation with regional structures are insufficiently developed and understaffed by highly qualified personnel, specialists and lawyers. The author comes to the conclusion that it’s important for success to improve the mechanisms of UN cooperation with regional and subregional security structures that ensure interaction at various levels of decision-making. It’s necessary to create in UN a unified fund for financing peacekeeping activities with flexible procedures for overturning resources between operations in different parts of the world.

86-89

Authors: Bohdanova Tetiana, Shpakovska Yulia

The US and Chile maintain excellent bilateral ties as well as one of the closest political, economic, and social relationships in the Western Hemisphere. The objectives of the article are to define the main trends of US-Chile relations and to find out the main issues on the bilateral agenda. Some aspects of this problem are studied by Ukrainian and foreign researchers, such as O. Kovaliova, I. Plevako, L. Diakova, P. Meyer, F. Rojas Aravena. The US-Chile relations at the beginning of XXI century are described as «cooperative friendship». Chile has maintained friendly relations with the United States since its transition back to civilian democratic rule in 1990. Bilateral commercial relations are particularly strong; total trade in goods and services has more than tripled since the implementation of a free trade agreement in 2004. Additional areas of cooperation include supporting regional stability and promoting clean energy development. Since March 2014, when Chile was designated as a member of the Visa Waiver Program, Chilean nationals have been able to travel to the United States for tourism or business for up to 90 days without obtaining a visa. The areas of bilateral military cooperation include enhancing the security capacity of nations in the hemisphere, countering illicit drug trafficking, meeting humanitarian needs, working together on issues like cyber security, confronting those who would undermine the stability of the nations, and examining defense institutional reform

98-102

Authors: Turkov Vladimir

The article discusses the sources of different origin and information capacity that have become the research basis of the politics of the Soviet state towards the Bulgarian population in the interwar period. First of all the issue is about the funds 1, 166, 413, 1261 of the Central National Archives of Supreme Authorities and Government of Ukraine. The content of these funds give possibility to analyze in details the peculiarities of the cultural and educational politics of the Soviet state towards the Bulgarian minority group in 20-30s of XX century. The materials of the 12th Congress of the Russian Communist Party is also the important part of the source base. The decrees and resolutions of the plenary session of Congress of the All-Union Communist Party, the Communist Party of Ukraine, party conferences and meetings in the matter of national politics published in the specialized publications are worth mentioning. Special attention is paid to the thematic collection of documents regarding the cultural and educational politics published in the 70-80s of XX century, archive documents published in Ukrainian Historical Journal just before and after proclaiming the Independence of Ukraine. Among the publications of the period of Independence the collection of documents and files «National relations in XX century» and «National process in Ukraine» are of a particular interest. One more group of sources contains the statistical materials that provide a means of the quantitative representation analysis in the different regions and localities. Articles, booklets and books of the Communist party leaders of Ukraine represent the particular group of sources. In these publications authors attempted to justify the cultural and educational politics of the Soviet state towards the national minorities in 20-30s of XX century.

111-114

Authors: Nagirnyak Andrii

In the article are analyzed the legal framework of Ukraine in the preservation of cultural heritage and highlighted its main deficiencies. The article stated that without solving the problems of preservation of historical and cultural monuments, it is impossible to build clear cultural policy which is directly related to the use of national heritage in the spiritual upbringing. The author stated that for Ukraine, which for a long time did not have their own state system and its cultural - historical heritage was suffered from deliberate destruction, this is especially topically. According to experts, in Ukraine only in the twentieth century were destroyed about 10 thousand architectural objects that have historical and cultural value. The article describes a series of laws and regulations , which regulate the relations in the area of cultural and historical heritage. Laws of Ukraine «About Protection of Cultural Heritage» (2000), «About the Protection of the Archaeological Heritage» (2004), «About a temporary ban of privatization of cultural heritage» (2005), documents that complement and specify «Concept of state cultural policy for 2005-2007», «state program of preservation and use of cultural heritage for 2004-2010», which created a sound legal, regulatory and methodological base in the heritage area. In the article it is stated that the legal framework in the field of cultural and historical heritage of Ukraine is imperfect and needs amendments. To improve national legislation, bring it to accordance to the international standards, and provide new impulse to restitution process will allow Ukraine to join the circle of states that are leaders in preserved of cultural and historical values.

119-124

Authors: Salata Halyna

The paper aims at highlighting the main stages of life and work of I.P. Prokofiev – the prominent national railway engineer, scientist in the field of structural mechanics and bridge construction. His academic life, military and educational activities tightly related to railway transport. Enormous educational, scientific and administrative loading did not prevent Prokofiev from developing two interesting projects of metal bridges: in 1925 – the bridge with two railway tracks over Seversky Donets, Ukraine (1208 m); in 1927 – a typical structure for bridges (156 m). He studied temporary loads’ pressure on the walls of buildings, effect of horizontal forces in deep pillars; searched for ways to fix deformities by means of lacquer coverage, examined special issues of Materials Science, described efforts in emerging cantilever arch farms and combined systems. The sense of his life and activity was to create a national scientific school in the field of structural mechanics - the cornerstone of any engineering work in construction and architecture. Prokofiev devoted many years of his life to preparation and publication of his textbook «Structural Mechanics». The background of the textbook was his lectures presented in the Agricultural Institute. The work was completed in 1926. The textbook «Theory of Structures» consists of three volumes-sections: the first – «Statically defined systems», the second – «Movement and calculation of retaining walls», and the third – «Statically indeterminate systems». Prokofiev’s textbook «Theory of Structures» withstood four editions and was the main tool for engineers for a long time

130-133

Authors: Shulha Vladymyr

The article highlights the basic stages of formation and development of the theory of inbreeding in animal husbandry, proves that is an important breeding method, which is used at breed creation and at the stage of its consolidation. Charles Darwin on base of factual material justified the negative impact of prolonged use of inbreeding that reduce life and reproductive ability of animals. Е. Davenport, K. Kronaher, P. Kulechov, G. Natuzius, M. Shchepkin proved the effectiveness of inbreeding in cattle breeding in order to consolidate and strengthen continuity of famous animals. After genetic theory of inbreeding forming in the early twentieth century E. Bogdanov, D. Kyslovsky theoretically justified the reason of its positive and negative effects as a result of homozygosity increasing. Academician M. Ivanov developed a method of breed creation based on extensive use of targeted inbreeding. The scientific researches of Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor M. Kravchenko on the justification of effectiveness of inbreeding to create new breeds of farm animals were summarized. The scientists have identified six main types aimed inbreeding at line breeding, proved the greatest efficiency of a complex inbreeding; showed the value of this method in the creation of animals with record productivity and proposed methods of reducing inbreeding depression. M. Kravchenko’s priority in the development of formulas for calculating the genetic similarity of the animal and his common ancestor at inbreeding and a method for determining the coefficient of inbreeding and the percentage of ancestors in the pedigrees of the animals, which received worldwide recognition, was justified.

5-9

Authors: Dotsenko Viktor

The author of the article attempts to look at the activities of Galicia-Volyn prince Danylo Galytskiy through the context of his state creation and development direction option of South-western Russ. He also tries to determine the way of peculiarities of social and political land history influenced on political processes and identify main features of evolutional processes that existed in Galicia-Volyn Russ. Statehood remains were saved as Galicia-Volyn principality for some period after mongol and tatar destruction of Kyivan Russ’s principalities. Galicia-Volyn principality continued state tradition of Russ and became one of the most powerful European nation with the help of Danylo’s attempts. He also stopped the expansion of eastern neighbours and increased his own areas at their expense. At the same time prince conducted important reforms, that approximated Galicia-Volyn principality to European state legal type of government organization. Reforms also strengthen Ukrainian cities of those times. Besides that, they provided prince with the protection of land from mongol and tatar destruction. However, prince’s descendants could not maintain the power of state and it degraded after his death in 1264. The last representatives of ruling Ruirikovytch dynasty died and nobles invited Romanovych distant relative Boleslav Mazovetskiy to take the throne in 1323. It was the last prince of Galicia-Volyn principality. Ukrainian principalities became dependent on their eastern neighbours after his death in 1340.

19-25

Authors: Sheretyuk Ruslana, Stokolos Nadija

The article outlined the achievements of Roman Catholic monastic orders in the medical realm in the territory of Volyn during XVII – the first half of the ХІХ century. In particular, the special merit in providing medical services to the population of Volyn belongs to the monks of order of Brothers Hospitallers of St. John of God and Sisters of Charity. They not only took care of hospitals, shelters, mental hospitals, but made an outstanding contribution to the development of the network of medical institutions and nurturing medical staff of the realm in the land, which for many decades outpaced those, that appeared on these lands of Russian Empire in the second half of XIX century. Ultimately, the local medical centres of Brothers Hospitallers of St. John of God and Sisters of Charity, after their abolishment by Russian autocracy, became the basis for the establishment of public medical institutions in the region. At the same time, noteworthy that the monks of other orders, that are not specifically involved in the medical case, as at the heart of their work they put the protection and prevention of health of ward population. Illustrative in this context became the work of Roman Catholic monastik order of Piarists.

32-38

Authors: Domoroslyi Valentyn

The article discusses the nationality issue in Ukraine. Due to the fact that our country was a part of Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Chechoslovakia, Russia for a long time, our nation was oppressed in all the spheres of their life: political, economical, cultural and social. During the history of our nation there were various tries to get freed from oppression, both military and peaceful. On the way of understanding the nationality issue Ukrainians tried to use the variety of possibilities, both legal and illegal. The sign of legal character of expanding national rights and freedoms became parliamentary activity of Ukrainians in Russian And Austrian parliaments. The aim of this article is to discuss the activity of Ukrainian deputees in the Second State Duman in Russia, their tries to achieve autonomy for the country. The deputees of Ukrainian parliamentary community in the First State Duma in Russia managed to prepare Declaration of sovereignty, but could not adopt it due to dismissal of Duma. Ukrainian deputees in the Second State Duma in Russia tried to implement the document prepared by their predecessors, but due to the abscence of political experience and dismissal of the parliament their plans were not actualized.

45-49

Authors: Khomenko Vitaliy

The world famous Ukrainian historian Mykhaylo Hrushevskiy’s social and political activity during the emigration period has been analyzed in the article. It was found out that the reason of the scientist departure abroad was the Directory authority installation which didn’t need the experience, knowledge and influence of the former chairman of the Central Council. Just the opportunity of the scientific work remained for Mykhaylo Hrushevskiy’s but that was not enough for him and that is why he made up his mind to search the opportunities for his political plans realization. Because of such difficult circumstances M. Hrushevskiy took a logical decision to go abroad. It is emphasized that his political activity wasn’t ceased and was simply removed beyond the Ukraine bounds though remained Ukrainian in its content. It has been found out that during the emigration period the historian, which was always noted with the greatest capacity for work, developed a very active political movement. The main political projects have been examined which consist the activity of the USRP Foreign Delegation, the Independent Ukraine Committee and Ukrainian Sociological Institute. The tasks and the aim, which M. Hrushevskiy had set for them, were defined. The historiography of the problem was characterized in a short way. The conclusion has been made that the possible social and political tendency of M. Hrushevskiy’s activity were limited step by step. Because of the subjective and objective factors totality the historian was made to finish his political projects. The evidences of the resources about the circumstances which caused the end of the social scientist political activity have been adduced. It has been also emphasized that the historian failed in the full realization of his political program abroad. And exactly the social and political sphere fails caused the M. Hrushevskiy’s homecoming to the Soviet Ukraine where he tried to continue his political struggle having used the ukrainization project achievements of the soviet council.

56-61

Authors: Matuhno Julia

Article is devoted to lighting the methods of manipulations of the Soviet power during implementation of festive policy by it in the southern regions of Ukraine. Interpretation the methods of manipulations of management in the context of mass manipulations is carried out. The disclosed interdependence the techniques of manipulations and the mass neurosis (euphoria) inherent in the Soviet society, especially during large-scale holidays. Peculiar features of the Soviet festive policy in the south of Ukraine, taking into account local ethnonational and cultural and religious specifics are investigated. Seized power in most of today’s Ukraine, the Bolsheviks began an active transformation of awareness, using a series of manipulative technologies and techniques. Almost all the 1920s years of the last century in USSR were changes in total social life segments majority of Soviet citizens. Of course, this is a special measure applies southern regions of the young republic, which traditionally marked national, cultural and religious diversity and, in addition, last joined the Bolshevik state. One of the instruments forming a new type of human communist regime chose festive policy. Refrain in the first decade of its power from the complete abolition of traditional religious holidays, Bolshevik ideologists simultaneously introduced a number of new «red days», which aimed to shift in the celebration, the transition from worship events associated with the Orthodox faith, to the glorification of revolutionary ideals (dictatorship of the proletariat, the cult of labor, denial of enrichment, etc.). However, since most of the period of the 1920’s. Accounted for implementing new Kremlin policy and indigenization (in the USSR – Ukrainianization) new planting events took place gradually and little more manipulative, not violent.

68-74

Authors: Nefedov Konstantyn

The article is based on the analysis of the newly discovered inscription from the ancient Greek city Aigai in Aiolis in the context of Early Hellenistic ruler cult. The inscription is an honorific decree of the polis Aigai for the first Seleucids – Seleukos I and Antiochus I. It proclaimed kings as «Saviors» and «Gods manifested themselves» and instituted their cult in the city with sacrifices, altars, temple, statues, games, priestly rituals and other divine honors. Comparing this decree with contemporary evidences of Seleucid royal cult, we see that the cult in Aigai was a part of cultic veneration of Seleukos and Antiochus spreading in Greek poleis in 281 BC after the victory of Seleukos at Kurupedium. Our analysis has shown that in various poleis Seleukos’ cult was constructed on the basis of a common pattern borrowed from the cult of the first Antigonids with some addictions from the Seleucid propaganda. So this veneration cannot be seen just as spontaneous response of the Greeks to «liberation» of Asia Minor from Lysimachus, as it traditionally considered. This was controlled and top-sponsored veneration of Seleucus as the victor in the war of the Diadochi and the Savior of the Greeks, which was to justify his ambitions for power in the whole empire of Alexander the Great.

85-89

Authors: Rasputina Lidiia

History of relations of Ukraine with China reaches X century – first contacts of local principalities with Chinese kingdoms. In the research were analyzed documents from the funds of State Archives of Kiev region concerning the residence of Chinese people in the Kiev region, as well as works of famous scientists of XIX-XXI centuries – A. Kovalevskogo, V. Kiktenko, N. Karpenko, who studied different problems of chinology in Ukraine; were described the first contacts with China from Kievan Rus period to our days, was revealed the reasons for the immigration of Chinese people to Ukrainian lands and prospects of Ukrainian-Chinese cooperation. The theme is relevant today because of the rapid economic development of China and the desire of all countries to establish relations with China, which is possible only by understanding the mentality of this country and its long history.

95-98

Authors: Vovchuk Ludmyla, Andreieva Kateryna

The article deals with the normative and legal framework that regulates political, trade and economic relations between Canada and Russia, reflects the main provisions of the Canadian-Russian bilateral treaties. The main directions of cooperation between the two countries are described in accordance with the concluded treaties. A special feature of the legal framework for relations with Canada is the availability in of a number of agreements in Russia, that signed in recent years with certain provinces of Canada on trade, economic and cultural ties. According to the Agreement on cooperation between Canada and Russia in the Arctic and in the North of 1989, the functions of the Joint Canadian-Russian Commission in the Arctic in the North were determined. An intensification of ties between the regions of Canada and the Russian Federation was analyzed. For example, Quebec and Alberta are particularly prominent in Canada, and on the Russian side are prominent Moscow, St. Petersburg, etc. The author studies the main reasons of the growing interest of Russia to Canada. The growth of Russia’s interest in Canada is caused not only by economic, political and ideological circumstances, but also by the changing role of Canada in the modern world. Special attention was paid to the normative and legal base of Canadian-Russian relations and was set strategic directions Canada-Russia partnership and future forms of cooperation.

105-111

Authors: Zhmaka Vitaliу

The article contains the notable characteristic of the original basis to the problem of social-economic development the cities of the Left-Bank Ukraine in the 1920s. It is mentioned that all the researches of social-economic process taking place in the cities and towns of this region in the certain period are impossible without using their original pages. The author’s investigation is devoted just to this aspect. The author of the article pays attention to the fact that investigating this problem, the main sources, except archive, are published documents where one can find out rate-setting juridical acts, the reports of republican, regional, district and town executive committees, the material of industrial researches and census of population, administrative divisions, sets of other documents and materials. Moreover, different statistic sets and periodicals are rather important. The author thoroughly analyzes not only the groups of the documents but each source separately mentioning their advantages and disadvantages. The conclusions contain the facts that the basis with its kinds, origins and contents is rather various. In general, the author considers that the original basis with some of its disadvantages is quite complete for full lightening of social-economic processes which took place in the towns and cities of the Left-Bank Ukraine in the 20s of the XX century.

117-122

Authors: Ukhach Vasyl

Carried out a historiographical analysis of the modern Ukrainian historians the formation and functioning of the «rebel republics» as one of the forms of the Ukrainian rebel zapillia during spring 1943 – early 1945. Until 2006, in the national historiography has not been any comprehensive studies of the Ukrainian rebel zapillia. In Ukrainian historiography established a definition of Zapillia. It’s the UPA controlled the land on which was built a structured system of the military-economic complex insurgency. The core of the political power of Zapillia were OUN(b). Ukrainian rebel zapillia should be considered an important structural element of the Ukrainian Resistance movement. «Rebel Republic» as a kind of Ukrainian proto-states operated on controlled by the Ukrainian insurgent army territories. The most famous was «Antonivetska», «Kolkivska» Republics, «Winter Republic», «Republic of proud Hutsuls». Historians concluded that «the rebel Republics» played an important role in the material, staffing armed struggle of the UPA. Stressed that the existence of the «rebel republics» was an attempt of constituent entities of the Ukrainian national liberation movement to expand state-building

128-134

Authors: Burlac Ganna

An attempt to reproduce the history of viticulture development in the second half of the 19th century on the territory of the former Russian Empire (contemporary Ukraine) in connection with the spread of phylloxera and the estimation of the significant contribution of V. Tairov to the creation of the Ukrainian grafted vine nursery system was made. The analysis of publications devoted to this problem resolving indicates that the history of viticulture nursery system development in Ukraine hasn’t been investigated in details, the analysis of grafted grapevine nursery system preconditions, its scientific basing and practical implementation of technologies is absent. V. Tairov – the founder of the Ukrainian viticulture science, he based and proved the rationality of the grafted vine nursery system on the territory of the former Russian Empire (contemporary Ukraine), organized the Wine Station of Russian viticulturists in Odessa, that created the basis for the practical foundation of the Ukrainian nursery system. Theoretical development and organizational activities of professor V. Tairov allowed to lay the foundation for national nursery framework in the future. His activity contributed to national viticulture Phylloxera crisis resolution, led to the selection of new highperformance varieties, resistant to phylloxera and other diseases of grapes.

5-9

Authors: Smyrnov Leonid, Pistruil Igor

In spring of 2016 archaeological investigation of the location of the Stone Age lodges was conducted. The monument is located near the village Khatki in Skadovsk district, Kherson region. The camp was founded in 1986 and in 1987 surveyed by N.P. Olenkovskiy. The location is localized at 0,3 km North of the eponymous village on the Western and North-Western slope side of the steppe saucers (sci). Collected archaeological material consisted of flint items (42 items) and presumably dates from the Mesolithic-Neolithic. Excavations of the monument were not carried out. Perhaps the monument was a small area for short time camp of the late stone age (Mesolithic, Neolithic). A small amount of flint products, and also abnormally high percentage of products from secondary processing, which in turn indicates a lack of raw materials (chert) points about the brevity of the monument. At inspection of the territory of the monument in 2016, a fragment of retouched products (scraper?) from the flint was discovered. The product is discovered at the bottom of the Northern slope of the sides of the pod, almost at the bottom. On the expected square of the monument was carried out trenching (two trenches 1x1). During trenching surface cultural layer were not detected. Thus, we can assume that: 1) Cultural layer in the West and the North-Western slope of the hearth is now completely destroyed, and the archaeological material collected during the previous fundraising; 2) The cultural layer of the monument lies at a sufficient depth, and consequently, the archaeological material does not fall on the modern ground surface; 3) Parking was located on the North-Eastern outskirts of the village under the estates of local residents. In the construction of houses cultural layer has been completely or partially destroyed.

16-21

Authors: Melnyk Olena

This article analyzes the archaeological research of burials from the 16th-18th centuries in Kyiv, Ukraine. The archival data is based on the field reports of expeditions by the Imperial Archaeological Commission, the Archaeological Committee of Ukraine, the Institute for the History of Material Culture of the Academy of Sciences of UkSSR, the Institute of Archaeology of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, the Academy of Sciences of USSR and the UkSSR. Most of the burials were discovered during expeditions of the Institute of Archaeology of the National Academy of Sciences, which was established in 1970. This author identifies four basic periods distinguished by their scientific approach to the study of burials. The first of these periods comprises the 19th century and is characterized by excavations by amateur archaeologists who appear to have discovered burials by accident. The second, or pre-war period, encompasses excavations from 1900 to the early 1930s. It corresponds to a significant change in the scientific methodology employed. The high professionalism of these excavations, by D. Mileev and T. Movchanivskyj, demonstrated archaeological potential and the need to study more closely the burials of the 16th-18th centuries. The third period began in the mid-1940s and extends to about 1975. In contrast to the second period, and despite intensive expeditions during this post-war period, with few exceptions the data provides only succinct information without graphics. The fourth period of the study begins in the mid-1970s and is still ongoing. It is marked by decidedly more detail regarding the fixation of subjects in the field. Heading architectural and archaeological expeditions, V. Kharlamov and G. Ivakin effected important roles in the advancement of scientific methodology in this period. As a result of some 200 years of research in Kyiv, nearly 3,000 burials have been studied including 2862 in simple pits, 19 in sarcophaguses, 13 on pavements, 97 in underground vaults, and 7 in crypts.

27-31

Authors: Lozynskyi Andrii

Showing up and characteristics of the role of Ukrainians in the structure of the armed forces of the Russian and Austro- Hungarian empires are important in the study of the history of Ukraine and military history of leading European countries during the First World War (1914-1918). These issues for a long time were given in a simplified form and misrepresented by the Soviet ideology, suppressed by Polacks and Romanians, and even today falsified by the Russian chauvinist elements. According to modern scientists’ statement, personnel of the armed forces of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Empire on January 1, 1917 consisted of 65 % of Ukrainian and 28 % of Russians, but in the Baltic Fleet there were 73 % of Russians and 15 % of Ukrainian. Many Ukrainians formed a part of the naval forces of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Military and political events that led to the overthrow of the czarism in Russia shook many soldiers of Ukrainian origin. In spring 1917 mass Ukrainian military movement started in the Baltic Fleet. Ukrainian sailors – Senior Lieutenant M. Bilynskyi, Lieutenant S. Shramchenko and others, tried to Ukrainize crews of their warships, lift the blue-yellow flag and transmit ships in the Black Sea. Due to the efforts of Colonel V. Savchenko-Bielskyi, a warrant officer Y. Khrystych and others everywhere in the Black Sea Fleet the Ukrainian Rada were created on the ships, that later became the first Ukrainian naval command. To a large extent due to the activity of Ukrainian officers the Black Sea naval infantry units were Ukrainized. The same situations occurred in other fleets – Caspian, Siberian, Amur, and North-Arctic. Authorities of the Black Sea Fleet welcomed and supported the movement of Ukrainization, because they considered that it could be an escape from the Bolshevik propaganda, which began to emerge stronger and stronger. However, to realize their plans fully Ukrainians failed because of the Russian-Bolshevik coup in October 1917. Ukrainian soldiers who served in the Adriatic played an important role in units of the navy forces of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Especially their role was the most noticeable in the submarine fleet and military-navy sanitary-medical service during the First World War. The most popular among Ukrainians were Admiral J. Okunevskyi, Rear Admiral O. Zaryckyi, and Colonel M. Rozhankivskyi. The analysis shows the significant role of the Ukrainian sailors during the First World War. The Ukrainian officers and sailors demonstrated to the full training and high moral and fighting qualities as a part of the naval forces, where they were in service.

37-45

Authors: Zerkal Мykola

Archival criminal cases of repressed inhabitants of Mykolayiv famine conditions in 1932-1933 to studied in the article. The author tries to embrace the reader's attention not just to the statistics of victims of the totalitarian Soviet regime and raise the issue of the total physical destruction of Ukrainian, Germans and other nationalities who lived in the South Region in the crimes exerted by law enforcement and honor the memory of innocent victims, about whom was remained in most cases, only criminal cases and also pay homage to the murdered and not recorded in the pages of the documents. Inhumane, unlawful nature of the party and state apparatus in case of total destruction of the peasantry of South Ukraine and total expropriation of their property were disclosed.

52-58

Authors: Hordiyenko Vyacheslav, Hordiyenko Galina

The actuality of social history of soviet society exists during a long time. Methodology of the history of everyday life – modern trend of world historiography is fruitful for investigating small social groups. Post-war life of disabled soldiers in soviet Ukraine requires considerable research using methods of everyday life history. Methodology of the everyday life history contains requirements of forming corresponding complex of historical sources. Archive documents of party-member origin and also the results of censorship of disabled soldiers’ personal correspondence have been used for studying disabled soldiers’ housing problem in early years after the war. Party and government leaders of the soviet Ukraine have taken measures in order to improve living conditions of disabled soldiers’ contingent. The part of disabled front-line soldiers has managed to solve their housing problem with the help of the state. However, thousands of demobilized because of their mutilation in the republic have been left without lodging or they have been in need of its improvement. In early years after the war so-called «months» for helping disabled soldiers have been practiced during which front-line soldiers’ living conditions have been improved by the community. In the countryside members of collective farms have built living accommodations for disabled soldiers. Local officials have often ignored disabled soldiers’ needs and haven’t taken responsibility for their actions. Even party documents contain notifications of the fact that some disabled soldiers together with their families have lived in dugouts or abandoned after military operations shelters. Indifference of the state and society to the front-line soldiers’ problem has made them complain about their fate to their close relatives and friends in letters. Сensorship of correspondence has given party and government leaders of the republic appropriate information about real social situation of Great Patriotic War disabled soldiers. Post-war daily routine has caused the feeling of despair and frustration.

65-71

Authors: Hura Oleksiy

The present article deals with the unexplored aspects of state-church relations in the Soviet Ukraine (1948-1953). The policy of the Soviet authorities disposed to the Judaic communities has been analyzed, and the conditions of the religious communities under party-state control has been defined. The soviet governmental policy as to the Judaic confession is analyzed; the state of the religious communities in Ukraine is defined. The author studies the soviet tactics as far as Judaism in the post-war period is concerned. The main consequences of the anti-religious campaign and the ways to fight against clergymen are touched upon. The author depicts the key forms of the party and state leadership’s struggle against Judaic communities during the specified period. As an example, the conditions of believers of the Judaic communities of Lviv, Kyiv, Vinnytsia, Kharkiv, Odesa, Uzhhorod, Dnipropetrovsk, Chernivtsi, and Sevastopol have been shown. The article represents peculiarities of functioning of the executive bodies of Jewish communities, synagogues opening procedure, registration of the clergy and communities of believers, hidden protests of intellectuals, functioning of minyans. The article proves that the decline in the number of Judaic communities and the closing of the synagogues were acknowledged as the most principal and the most important tasks of the state-party leadership in the struggle against the Judaic communities. The article specifies a series of party bodies’ activities concerning the struggle against «natiolalist shows» in the Judaic communities and liquidation of minyan. The Soviet leadership purposefully defined the latter as illegal religious societies and underground gatherings so that it could have grounds to liquidate them.

78-83

Authors: Spirkina Oksana

In the article the cultural and artistic life of Cherkasy region of the first decade of the state independence of Ukraine is characterized. It is shown that the cultural life of Cherkasy region reflected general tendencies typical for the whole Ukraine which have both positive and negative features. The research gives an opportunity to claim that the cultural and artistic live of the region had certain regional peculiarities. The urgency of the scientific work is underlined. It is paid attention to the emerging role of the Ukrainian language in the region in 1991-2001. The characterization of the literary life of the region is given. It is paid attention to the role of Cherkasy artists in the forming national consciousness. The theatrical and musical lives of the region are researched. The role of amateurs and amateur groups in the forming national revival of Cherkasy region is stood out. It is underlined the leading role of the Ukrainian creative intelligentsia in all the processes concerning the cultural life of both the whole Ukraine and a separate region of it. The leading approach of this article is an interdisciplinary one. The conceptual apparatus of this scientific work is characterized by the usage of terms and categories both traditionally historical and borrowed from other contiguous sciences (historical psychology, culture study and others). The materials of the article may be useful for further study of the history of Ukraine, the history of Ukrainian culture and the history of separate regions of our country of the period of the state independence of Ukraine.

91-95

Authors: Hryashchevskaya Lyudmyla

Processes that took place in the social environment of the Ukrainian peasantry are analysed. Found out row of factors of deepening of demographic crisis on a village: fall-off of standard of life of rural population; substantial worsening him medical service and increase of morbidity; distribution of unemployment; reduction to the amount of marriages and increase of broad patterns; strengthening of depopulation. Reduction to the quantity of rural population that associated is investigational, except natural factors, also with administrative-territorial transformations: tacking of some villages to the cities, by the grant of municipal status to the settlements. In Ukraine simultaneously there was a decline of birth-rate and increase of death rate. General coefficient of birth-rate, that was determined by the amount of births went down, and was most subzero for all post-war period. The general index of marriages went down constantly, the amount of broad patterns grew accordingly during in 1990th. Such circumstances could not affect general rates of natural recreation of rural population. The indexes of death rate of peasants grew. The amount of the dead peasants increased, and the coefficient of death rate rose. This dynamics appeared an especially speed-up in the first half of 1990th, when a socio-economic crisis on a village acquired total character. The most dead was people years old. A village occupied one of the first places (after miners) after the level of death rate from accidents. Principal reason of this phenomenon is subzero productive discipline in agricultural enterprises. Over one third of mortal cases it happened through a drunkenness. To the dangerous factors it follows to add the state of technique. Natural motion of rural population restrained temper worsening of quality indexes of his health. For Ukraine became characteristic high, comparatively with other states, level of disability of citizens. Worsening of demographic situation was predetermined by migratory motion of rural population. Migratory losses continued to undermine natural basis of demographic recreating processes on a village. Many future parents and mothers were lost these same. Beginning from 1991, the migratory motion of peasants after the influence on the general dynamics of reduction of rural population began to yield to the depopulation processes. Intergovernmental migration was characterized by the change of citizenship and departure not only in the countries of the West but also to near abroad, mainly to Russia. There were quality changes in descriptions of labour potential of village. Participating of rural population in a public production and personal subsidiary economy was accompanied by the low level of the labour productivity. It is educed that on a village busy was far less working, than given in official statistical editions. Maintenance of the hidden unemployment in a considerable measure was assisted by barter calculations that came true by agricultural enterprises, succeeding to the hidden exploitation of labour force. Forming of patterns of ownership and organization of production stipulated appearance of new social layers on a village.

101-112

Authors: Pogromskiy Viktor

The article highlights the scientific activities of one of the leading researchers in the US-Soviet relations during the nonrecognition of Dmytro Mykolaiovych Stashevskiy. Works of this author can be considered one of the most thorough in the research issues of US assistance to Eastern Europe after the First World War. He is the author of research on the activities of the American Relief Administration chairman, which was Herbert Clark Hoover in times of famine of 1921-1923 on the territory of the former Empire of the Romanov trapped under the control of the Bolsheviks after the revolution of 1917. This Soviet historian of Ukrainian origin, one of the first identified study ARA activities in a separate scientific problem, the solution of which he worked until his death. His research is saturated with certain ideological stratifications, but have a broad factual component which today is an interesting and topical subject not Take account of the foundations of class struggle and the Marxist-Leninist ideology that professed Stashevskiy.

121-124

Authors: Lysyi Igor

In this article was made historic, cultural and touristical descriptive analysis of little-known Nadvirna castle, which is located in Ivano-Frankivsk region, on the base of using of four groups of characteristics: natural and geographical (morphological features of the monument’s construction, hydrological characteristics of the territory, location near from objects of the natural reserve fund, presence in the castle complex handmade recreational forests, landscaped parks, gardens and landscaped gardens, aggregate indicators of the natural and geographical location), historical and cultural (degree of the physical preservation, level of the historical significance, degree of the cultural value, indicator of the architectural and stylistic value, availability of saved elements of historic defence systems), infrastructural (transport accessibility, availability of accommodation facilities, food establishments, museum institutions, specialized souvenir shops and stalls), informational (integration to the tourist routes, organization of tourist promotional campaigns, exhibitions and fairs, availability of informational and advertising data, rank of the coverage in scientific tourism profiles and degree of the saturation of the Internet with tourist information). It was identified main positive and negative points of the potential adaptation of monument for tourism and recreation.

131-135

Authors: Bogdalov Anton

In the scientific article investigated stock collection National museum of Ukraine history, which covers the activities the first diplomatic missions of Ukraine after the proclamation the act of state independence. Review of process formation of the first diplomatic missions, features of the activities in early 1990s. Investigated museum exhibits that belonged the former Minister foreign affairs – Borys Tarasyuk, second permanent representative Ukraine at the UN – Viktor Batyuk, the first representative of Ukraine to the offices of international organizations in Vienna – Yuriy Kostenko, the first Ambassador of the first embassy Ukraine in Hungary – Dmytro Tkach, the first Ambassador Ukraine in Canada – Levko Lukyanenka, second Ambassador Ukraine in United States – Yuriy Sherbak and France – Yuriy Kothubey. Identified museum exhibits diplomatic missions are stored in museum, among them Ukrainian embassies in countries: Hungary, Poland, Canada, USA, United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, Norway, Czechoslovakia, Lithuania, Belarus

5-10

Authors: Docenko Viktor

Attempts of Kyivska Rus history observations are represented in the article on the basis of literature analysis . Article also determines reasons of choice of Galytsko-Volynske principality as a main developer of civilizational and governmental progress on Ukrainian territory in difficult ХІІІth century. The main reason of Ruirikovytch ruling family disintegration was option of own development, legal order and civilizational creation ways. Galytsko-Volynske and Rostovo-Suzdalske principalities became centers of new governmental projects on the ruins of old, powerful, Eastern European empire. Heads of these principalities - Danylo Romanovytch Galytskiy and Olexander Yaroslavovytch Nevskiy determined directions of civilizational development on the controlled areas. Olexander and Danylo had to choose the model of their principalities evolution despite of having external enemies such as Mongols, Hungarians, Polish, Teutons and internal enemies, among them were representatives of local nobles. So that meant that princes had to conduct the correlation of civilizational development option of Russ for the next decades. Such correlation was implemented during Mongolian and Aftermongolian periods. Changes concerned measures of force using to controlled population, subjects who were able to use such force, development of Orthodoxy and sacred and religious reasoning of powers of the prince and other ruling subjects. Innovations were implemented because of consolidated needs of separated areas, centralization of government and capability of Mongolian domination opposition. Moreover, changes were accompanied by the revision of byzantine and religious filling of princely, ruling method, which existed in Russ. Danylo chose eastern type of state and society evolution but Olexander preferred Mongolian centralized autocracy. As a result, peculiar type of state was formed and determined the development of areas for centuries in Galytsko-Volynska Russ and Northeastern principalities in advance. Civilizational choice of Volodymyr-Suzdal principalities leaded to despotic, centralized, horde, byzantine and moscow statehood formation in Northeastern Russ. This type of statehood was supported by orthodox hierarchs, who were coaxed by Mongolian khans, and promoted Mongolian policy and way of ruling. Conversely, Danylo Romanovytch selected eastern method of Slavonic civilization and state progress. Roman Mstyslavovytch and his son Danylo Romanovytch united Southwestern and Southern principalities an gained titles ‘autocrat of all Russ’ and king of Russ from chroniclers. Both princes aimed to become collectors of Russ’s lands and to continue affairs of Ruirikovytch dynasty. Danylo was focused on eastern ruling tradition and attempted to integrate his principality into European civilizational governmental type of development of those times. Family connections of Romanovytch dynasty also facilitated that integration. New legal agreements between prince and local feudal elites and legal traditions of neighbouring European states were implemented and distributed in Galytsko-Volynska Russ. The demand of finding new confederates for struggling against Mongols accelerated prince’s European option. The alliance with prince Andrew Yaroslavovytch failed and his brother Olexander chose horde way of state development. Danylo concentrated on eastern neighbors of Russ and started process of family dynastic marriages consolidation because of not getting support for struggling against hordes from Northeastern Ruirikovytchs. Family dynastic factor further strengthened civilizational governmental option’s direction of Ukraine at the period of Russ and provided an opportunity of cultural and political integration into European civilization of those times.

15-20

Authors: Vlasyuk Igor

In the article the economic and political relations between the Soviet power and various groups of peasants in Volyn during the new economic policy (1921-1928) are analyzed. The analysis is based on archival documents and new research. The relations between the Soviet power and the peasantry were complex and contradictory. By 1922 the new power had been fighting against the insurrections and thuggery in the province. The committees of poor peasants became the basis for agricultural policy. However, their activity was not effective. The judicial land commission finally settled the disputes between the poor and rich peasants. The Soviet regime took away their land surplus and the part of the property. The rich peasants paid a large agricultural tax to the state and had to hide their property and income. Collective farms were few and economically inefficient. The rural authorities elections caused many problems and shortcoming. The rich peasants were often deprived of their voting rights. The peasants were mostly non-party. The non-party peasant conference criticized the authorities for illegal actions. Provincial authorities also organized a rural anti-religious campaign. The agrarian policy of the Soviet regime was determined by political and ideological factors. The peasants’ economic interests often did not coincide with that policy. Poor peasants opposed to rich peasants.

27-30

Authors: Lisovska Olga

The article analyzes the material and technical support of everyday life of the inhabitants in Ukrainian villages in 1950- 1980s. The main directions of state social policy aiming at financial support of peasants’ everyday life in the studied period are examined; the achievements and failures of the leadership are accentuated. The author makes the conclusion that the increase of capital investment in the village social life resulted in positive changes. However, the funds allocated for the development of social infrastructure in villages did not allow overcoming the gap between the village and the city. Most villages were not properly equipped; they did not have well-established municipal services, and medical, commercial, cultural and social services could not meet the requirements. In the late 1980s many rural residents were not able to use all amenities. Soviet state refusal to improve technical situation in the rural areas, residual social funding, underestimation of strengthening villagers’ material base caused in the significant problems in Ukrainian villages. Every year more and more people moved to cities.

37-40

Authors: Sribna Mariya

In the article the question of the use of posters of Red Cross considered as basic agitation means in the conditions of battle actions. In particular, accents are done in the years of Second World War and shown problems in process Society of Red Cross of Ukraine in the today's war time on east of Ukraine. During the First and Second World Wars, recruiting posters became extremely common, and many of them have persisted in the national consciousness, such as the «Lord Kitchener Wants You» posters from the United Kingdom, the «Uncle Sam wants you» posters from the United States, or the «Loose Lips Sink Ships» posters that warned of foreign spies. Posters during wartime were also used for propaganda purposes, persuasion, and motivation, such as the famous Rosie the Riveter posters which exhorted women workers to work in factories during World War II. The Soviet Union also produced a plethora of propaganda posters, some of which became iconic representations of the Great Patriotic War. And in ХХІ of century in general these placards of Red Cross almost and not evidently during realization of battle actions, in particular on territory of Ukraine, where a population in swinging majority passes medications, foods and things through various volunteer organizations, that arose up with beginning of war on east.

47-51

Authors: Stepanchuk Yuriy

Using the comparative method, in this article the state of scientific development is analyzed by modern Ukrainian scientists of discussion on military campaign of B. Khmelnytsky of 1649-1651. It is noted that the political decisions of the Ukrainian Hetman under Zboriv in 1649 and Berestechko in 1651 make his image of the controversial figure of the Ukrainian statebuilding. Y. Mytsyk indicates that the siege of Zbarazh has given the necessary preconditions for the victory in the battle under Zboriv. Assessing the battle under Zboriv, I. Storozhenko emphasizes that it has been corresponded to the concept of the oncoming battle and has become a model of operational-tactical solution to organize the conduction of fighting. I. Storozhenko is sure that B. Khmelnytsky has stopped Zboriv battle and has made the Crimean Khan to do this. There is the opposite thought of V. Smoliy and V. Stepankov, which prove that the order on termination of the battle has come from the Crimean Khan Islam- Girey. T. Mac′kìv believes that Zboriv agreement was not adequate to an actual success of Cossack troops. T. Yakovleva adheres to a similar thought, she writes that Zboriv agreement brightly testified that at that time the desire of ordinary Cossacks and Hetman with his foreman much differed. O. Subtelnyi believes that among the Ukrainian masses Zboriv peace could not cause nothing but indignation. The controversial question is the behavior of B. Khmelnitsky under Berestechko, including his stay in the Tatar captive camp. Certain historians, such as Polish, write about «the shameful escape Khmelnytsky from the field of battle», the others believe that B. Khmelnytsky has followed Khan to return him to the place of battle, voluntarily has stayed with the Tatars, and then he could not return to Berestechko. S. Storozhenko agrees with them too, who believes that in order to prevent the national condemnation he could imitate the capture. I. Sveshnìkov argues that the absence of B. Khmelnytsky on the field of battle caused the fact that he was captured by Islam-Girey III. V. Smoliy and V. Stepankov illustrate as proof the testimony of the participants of the battle from the Polish, Ukrainian and even the Crimean side about the detention of B. Khmelnitsky by Khan.

55-60

Authors: Ukhach Vasyl’

The article the works of contemporary Ukrainian historians in the question of evolution relationship the OUN(b) and Germany in period 1930th – until January 1942 are analized. Periods and characteristic features of these relations on each of the stages are revealed. Noted that it issue still splits the Ukrainian society. The strategic goal of the Ukrainian liberation movement – an independent Ukraine – a priority in its foreign and domestic policy. The relationship of the OUN(b) and OUN(m) with Germany should be seen in the context of the national liberation struggle of the Ukrainian people. Cooperation of the OUN(b) with Germany at all stages of defining a key and consistent thesis – the relation of the latter to the idea of an independent Ukrainian state. Stressed that the movement of the OUN-Bandera was recognized by the Nazis are the most dangerous. Listed on the necessity of the removal of this topic ideological and political stratifications.

67-72

Authors: Filipchuk Ihor

The article deals with the process of forming of the ideological basis of construction of the socialism with a human face in Czechoslovakia in the context of the history of the crisis of 1967-1970. The problem of intellectual potential of the Prague Spring is highlighted in the context of the analysis of the necessary set of sources. The main groups of sources on the problem are characterized; their scientific and informational value is defined. It is noted that the largest group of sources are materials personal by origin these sources can be divided into two groups. The first group included labor leaders and articles reformist wing of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia A. Dubčeka, J. Smrkovskoho, O. Šika, Z. Mlynářa and other. The second – the work of members of the liberal Czechoslovak intellectuals (I. Sviták, K. Kosik, I. Klima, V. Havel, L. Vaculik and other) and materials of Czechoslovak periodicals («Rudé právo», «Literární noviny», «Literární listy», «Listy», «Kulturní tvorba») due to the specific of the subject of the study.

76-81

Authors: Berezanska Iryna

Considerable research interest in the development of student government in higher education of Ukraine XXI century called reform of higher education, its entry into the European educational space. The adoption of the laws «On Higher Education» (2002, 2014) significantly expanded the rights of the student government, which allowed students to actively participate in the management of higher education institution. The history of student government in the 2002-2014 has a significant amount of unexplored topics. Therefore, the urgency of the need caused historiographical analysis of current publications and release promising areas for further research. The problem of student government in higher education in Ukraine in 2002-2014 was the subject of many studies of Ukrainian scientists as O.A. Andryushkova, O.F. Kayumov, O. Keane, J.P. Kraschenko, A. Kuzminsky, N.Y. Liznova, V.P. Moroz, K.L. Potopa, O. V. Svyetlykova, G.G. Sichkarenko, L.V. Slinchenko, O.J. Tereshchenkova, V.I. Ternopilska, K.G. Trybulkevych, S. Hakimova, O.S. Kharchenko, L.O. Shein, O. Shpakivska. Consequently, the analysis of contemporary literature on the issue of student government in higher education in Ukraine 2002-2014 should emphasize the modern scientist’s coverage of certain aspects of its operations in dissertations, monographs and articles. A more comprehensive analysis of the development of student government in the 2002-2014 of monographs C.G. Trybulkevych, which disclosed the student government experience in restructuring higher education in Ukraine. Prospects of further scientific studies will be in research of student government policies, implementation of the principles of student government in higher educational institutions of Ukraine.

90-93

Authors: Puyda Roman

The humanitarian training of specialists in higher educational establishments helps to form national elite, promotes enrichment and renewal of intellectual and academic national gene pool. In the course of studies «History of the Ukrainian Culture», it is important to reveal and uncover its historical aspects for the humanitarian training of specialists, including petroleum fields of studies. It is impossible to preserve and increase the cultural and historic heritage of Ukrainian nation without national educational system. Special praise concerning this question belongs to metropolitan Andrii Sheptytskyi. Due to his personal work and vision of the role of the Church, that is not limited only by spiritual role but plays also a great patriotic and disciplinary, cultural and educational mission, the Greek-Catholic Church becomes the basis for development of modern Ukrainian nation and formation of organizations which were supported by the Church. The Metropolitan’s initiative, financial support and patriotism became the basis for development Ukrainian schools and gymnasiums in Halychyna. Due to his work, old and new cultural and educational, patriotic and disciplinary societies restarted it’s activities. According to the people’s memories, the Metropolitan always visited Ukrainians schools, gave presents to seminaries, gymnasiums and other educational institutions. It is difficult to overestimate his role and the importance of «Prosvita» in the development of Ukrainian national consciousness. «The society kept dozens of schools, courses, clubs, organized seminaries for young people, published educational magazines, books, manuals, children’s literature, held meetings, performances, founded libraries»

102-108

Authors: Lebedeva Yuliya

This article considers the question of actuality of ongoing Ukrainian state tradition investigation in the new political conditions of our country. Geopolitical strategies of Ukrainian state are partly covered, the attention is focused on international recognition, sovereignty and state independence of our country. The task of the scientists concerning further thorough processing and comprehension of our historical past, the nature and the essence of its specifics is outlined, because formation of Ukrainian state requires the high level of national consciousness, in the formation of which historical science plays a significant part. Therefore, the actuality of the accumulation issue of such Ukrainian nation’s historical experience from the modern point of view is proved. Besides, it is emphasized that as well as scientists and educators mass communications are supposed to build on positive morality and behaviour patterns, to preserve national state traditions among the youngsters, educating them in the culture of intellectual freedom and civil responsibility.

114-118

Authors: Hrushytska Iryna

In 2017 it is celebrated 110 years since the birth of one of the most famous Ukrainian astronomer, the founder of Odessa school of researchers of variable stars, the director of the Odessa Astronomical Observatory (1944-1983), Corresponding Member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Professor Vladimir Platonovich Tsesevich. The scientific heritage of V.P. Tsesevich, consisting of more than 730 scientific works, requires a thorough comprehension and systematization. In particular, the initial stages of his scientific activity, when there was a becoming of V.P. Tsesevich as a personality and scientist, require the further research. In the article it is presented the analysis of the early period of scientific activity of V.P. Tsesevich, disclosed conditions of formation of a scientific world outlook and the further development of the scientist as a researcher and personality. V.P. Tsesevich was born in Ukraine. The childhood of the future scientist was held first in Odessa, then in Petrograd (Leningrad), where V.P. Tsesevich received his primary and higher education. The decisive influence on the formation of a scientific outlook of V.P. Tsesevich was made by Russian Society of Amateurs of Universe Sciences and by working in the Research Institute of Lesgaft in the laboratory of his future supervisor in graduate of Leningrad University – famous astrophysicist G.A. Tikhov. During the working in the department of variable stars of RSAUS, the member of which V.P. Tsesevich began in 1921, there were formed the scientific interests of the scientist, were made the first scientific publications, was happened its formation as a scientist and expert in the field of variable stars. However, it should be noted that at an early stage of scientific activity V.P. Tsesevich defined the vector of his research interest in the direction of Odessa – the city where he spent his childhood and where the scientist was destined to achieve scientific peaks.

125-133

Authors: Pylypchuk Oleg

In this article highlights the outstanding work of our countryman, biochemist Erwin Chargaff from Chernivtsi, in European and American universities. Analyzed every stage of this activity. Highlights E. Chargaff `s contribution to the development of nucleic acid chemistry. Transformation E. Chargaff to the biochemist largely is caused by that he had entered to a small group of biologists, who followed by the events in molecular biology and exchanged information each other. This allowed them to better understand the molecular processes by studying them under a new paradigm, which evolved and led to the synthesis of DNA. Chargaff made unique contribution by his own biochemical studies made in 1928-2000 in the traditions of different scientific schools. E. Chargaff was not American, until his last days heconsidered himself as a true European. In 1950-1953 he, studying quantitative correlation of nitrogenous bases in nucleic acids, showed that the common amount of adenine bases, each DNA molecule equal to the number thymine, and the number guanine basics - number of cytosine. This discovery, called «Chargaff rule» was used by F. Crick and J. Watson to construct a model of the DNA molecule. Chargaff thanks his research discovered of species specificity of DNA. He led the significant studying of protein synthesis proses, and the definition of DNA role in the transmission of hereditary information. Much attention scientist paid philosophical problems of science, reflected on the moral aspects of molecular genetic experiments, interested in socio-cultural component of the development of science in the twentieth century.