International Dental Journal of Student Research

96-99

Authors: Sajith Abraham, Sheethal Joy, Subair. K, Melwin Mathew, Ashitha Mohandas.

Register Introduction: Disparity in distribution of dental manpower across rural urban settings is a major challenge in India’s current dental scenario. Both the systems of dental education and dental health care service delivery hold a pivotal role in overcoming these challenges. Dental health infrastructure distribution, job opportunities and quality of service plays an integral role in molding future decisions in choosing dentistry as career choices. Aims: To determine the current perceptions among upcoming dentists in choosing dentistry as a career and their future aspirations. This study also aims to foresee future challenges in dentistry and also helps to explore the remedial suggestions recommended by upcoming dentists. Materials and Methods: A crossectional study was carried out among dental students in a private dental college setting at Mahe, Union territory of Pondicherry in South India. A pretested self administered questionnaire was distributed to fourth year and internship going dental students. Results: Of 215 potential participants; 203 completed the questionnaire [females (n= 165) and males (n= 38)]. In choosing dentistry as career, 31.5% chose dentistry due to passion for profession, 22.7% due to their only option obtained in entrance exams, 13.7% due to proximity of college to hometown, 13.3 % to fulfil parent’s aspirations and nearly 10.3% due to acceptance in the society. Regarding future aspirations after post-graduation 42.4% planned to work as specialists, 30% planned to work as faculty in government dental colleges and only few students chose working as faculty in private dental college [3.9%]. Nearly 15 % planned to work as dental clinician in dental clinic. The future challenges foreseen in dentistry as a profession by the upcoming dentists, 36.5% gave increased number of dental graduates passing out each year as the major challenge. Regarding suggestions on remedial strategies to meet future challenges 36.5% suggested reduction of number of dental seats sanctioned, 19.7% suggested to create job vacancies in public health sector, 17.7% suggested strict regulatory enforcement by the Dental Council of India [DCI] as the major responses. Conclusion: Research into motivations and future expectations of upcoming dental workforce might provide insights to make time bound policy level changes for establishment of an effective dental health system.

109-112

Authors: Devaki Vijayalakshmi, Saloni Garg, Ratna Parameswaran, Srinivasan Boovaraghavan.

Aim: The aim of the article is to describe the effect of Keles Trans Palatal Arch (TPA) on unilateral and bilateral molar rotation illustrated with two case reports. Method: Unilateral and bilateral maxillary first permanent molars de-rotation were performed in two cases using Keles appliance system which consists of the precision lingual hinge cap and TPA made of TMA wire. (0.032 × 0.032") (Ormco, Orange, CA). A 20 degree activation is given to the rotating part/terminal end(s) of the TPA every fourth week until rotation is completely corrected. The de-rotation achieved and change in the intermolar width are assessed using digital cast analysis performed by Ilexis FACAD (AB-2014 version 3.8.00) software and by comparing the pre and post maxillary occlusal radiographs with marker wires. Result: Pre and post values showed that the de-rotation is achieved in both cases. Inter-molar width showed no significant changes in both cases, suggestive of minimal/no expansion. Conclusion: The Keles TPA resulted in better transverse molar control during molar de-rotation owing to its superior precision self-locking design. When Keles TPA is used in correction of unilateral molar rotation, it causes successful de-rotation on the affected side and minimum or no changes on the unaffected side

73-79

Authors: Raikar Anita S, Nayak Aarati R, Kotrashetti Vijaylaxmi S, Kunal Keshaw, Sumedha Shree.

Introduction: Toll like receptors along with their co receptors contribute an essential task in immune and destruction mechanism. The aim of the present study was expression of Toll like receptor 4 and Cluster of differentiation 14 in healthy group and chronic periodontitis group. Materials and Method: Forty gingival biopsies were harvested of which10 were of healthy subjects and 30 from chronic periodontitis based on clinical records. All specimens were fixed, processed and stained by haematoxylin and eosin to histologically classify periodontitis. Later the sections were stained immunohistochemically using primary antibody for toll like receptor 4 and cluster of differentiation 14 respectively. Results: The positive expression of both Toll Like Receptor 4 and Cluster of Differentiation14 was defined as light or dark brown granules in the cytoplasm of the cell. Expression was higher in zone1 followed by zone 2 and zone 3 in chronic periodontitis. Conclusion: Toll Like Receptors act as a two-edged sword, not only maintaining periodontal health but also contributing to periodontal tissue destruction.

85-88

Authors: Fabio Arriola Pacheco, Jasica Ancona Alcocer, Maria Rodrí guez, Fernández.

The Giant Central Cell Lesion is a potentially aggressive intraosseous condition that appears exclusively in the upper and lower jaws, and normally in patients 30 years old, or younger. Its potentiality of causing bone and root reabsorption, and tooth displacement, make its occurrence, although rare, significant. The etiology, as well as the treatment of this lesion has been debated over the years within a scholar community that condemns surgical removal as the only potential treatment, while others report the benefits of alternative pharmacological approaches that have provided diverse results. This case study involves a giant central cell lesion that appeared in an 11 year old girl who initially reported having suffered mandibular trauma. The patient underwent a treatment with intralesional corticosteroid injections (triamcinolone acetonide) during 6 sessions, over an eight month period. The patient was monitored during a 2 year period; subsequent X-ray monitoring revealed that the lesion dissipated. The results of this study showed that the use of intralesional corticosteroids is a non-invasive alternative to surgery, especially in connection to the type of patients that normally present this condition.

42-45

Authors: Md. Shakeel Anjum, M. Monica, K. Yadav Rao, P. Parthasarathi Reddy, Irram Abbas, Sadhu Vishnu Priya.

Dentistry is one among the most challenging and stressful fields. Research evidence that a person’s emotional intelligence (EI) influences their educational and occupational performance is increasing. Hence, our aim was to assess the influence of trait emotional intelligence on the academic performance of dental undergraduates. A cross sectional study was done on 462 students of 2nd, 3rd, 4th years and interns from five dental colleges using simple random sampling. Trait emotional intelligence was measured using the shorter version of Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (TEIQUE-SF), and academic performance was assessed using score obtained in the university examination. The mean EI was found to be 101.01. Majority of them agreed that in-spite of finding it difficult to regulate emotions; they could deal effectively with people. Almost 59% of them agreed that they could deal with stress and 66% were able to control their emotions. There was also a significant difference between EI and age (p=0.000). Emotional Intelligence had a significant association with the academic performance of the students.

51-54

Authors: Marlin Duran, Mercedes Martinez, Nayma Fabian.

In 2009, a study was conducted for the purpose of comparing the effectiveness of two bleaching agents: sodium perborate and 37% carbamideperoxide gel. Thirteen patients diagnosed with “non-vital teeth with traumatic dyschromias” were treated at the Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo School of Dentistry, Dominican Republic. The findings showed that both bleaching agents were effective; however, 37% carbamideperoxide worked more rapidly and was easier to administer. Because it comes in individualised pre-measured syringes, the gel is immediately ready for application, thereby giving patients the results they desire in a considerably shorter amount of time. After five years, the 13patients previously treated with the non-vital dental bleaching products were recalled to be re-evaluated for possible reversal of tooth discolouration and the development of cervical resorption. Only four patients came to this follow-up dental visit. In all four of the patients’ radiographic findings, there was a complete absence of external cervical resorption. Three of the patients had reversal of tooth discolouration; however, for one patient there were no observable dyschromias. Regardless of the bleaching agent used, if the patient had poor final dental restoration(s) post-bleaching procedure and a lifestyle counter to the maintenance of proper dental health (i.e. smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and excessive simple sugar consumption), the dyschromias tended to return.

58-60

Authors: Ritesh Modi, Shivani Kohli, Shekhar Bhatia.

A patient with severely attrited dentition suffers from generalized sensitivity, mobility of teeth, compromised esthetics and decreased vertical dimension of occlusion which results in a dentition compromised in form, function and esthetics due to which the patient suffers from lack of confidence. The objectives of the treatment for such case should be preservation of the remaining tooth structure, restoration of optimum function, esthetics with least invasive procedures, cost effective treatment, and shorter treatment time.

Page No. 184-186

Authors: Imon Pal, Bikramaditya Ghosh

Introduction: Botulinum toxin is the poisonous neurotoxin produced by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum. Scientists have developed methods to use it for the betterment of mankind, utilizing its neurotoxic effects for the treatment of various disorders. Many diseases do not have complete or permanent treatment, in such cases the toxin can be used through “chemo denervation” (10) method to give temporary relief to the patient. Objective: The aim of the study is to review the general information of the botulinum toxin- its mechanism of action, uses, contraindication, effects etc. Study design: An extensive literature search was carried on and the articles were thoroughly studied. Results: Research and previous studies have shown that the neurotoxin gives positive results for the treatment of various disorders in both medical and dental field. Conclusion: Botulinum toxin indeed provides a justifiable alternative to other more invasive procedures and thus clinicians including dentists should encourage its use for treatment of various disorders. Further research will also be necessary for gaining more knowledge about the neurotoxin and its effects

Page No. 191-194

Authors: Mohammed Hussain Al-Zainal, Shamim Faraghat, Hassan Abdulqader, Maryam Al-Emadi, Youssef Marquise, N

Aim: Mental foramen could be an area subjected to trauma due to surgery or implant placement in mental area. Our aim is to measure the different parameters of the mental foramina of males and females among UAE Nationals visiting the University Dental Hospital Sharjah to enhance our knowledge of the possible locations of the mental foramen in order to prevent iatrogenic injuries through periodontal and endodontic surgeries, local anesthesia and implant placement. Materials and Methods: This study was a retrospective study and samples included in the study were UAE nationals who already underwent a CBCT examination in the University Dental Hospital Sharjah in the period of 2010 till 2015. All samples were for nationals of the United Arab Emirates between the age of 18 and 65 whose CBCT scans shows the mental foramen area and the adjacent teeth (lower canines and first molars). Parameters measured in the mental foramen included height of foramen, width of foramen, shortest distance from foramen to adjacent tooth. Results: There was a statistically significant gender difference between the mean value of mental foramen height(3.77 mm±0.86 mm for males) and 3.10 mm ± 0.8mm for females) (P = 0.002).The shortest distance of the foramen to the adjacent tooth also showed statistically significant gender differences(4.68mm ± 3.23mm for males) and (4.71 mm±1.94 mm for females), f (p= 0.012). Conclusion: The height of the foramen and the distance of MF to the most adjacent tooth were greater in UAE males than in females. Discrepancy in the height of the foramen when dealing with different ethnicities should betaken into consideration. Clinical Significance: MF is an important anatomical landmark for dental surgeons performing periapical surgery in the mental region such as endodontic and periodontal procedures. In order to avoid any nerve damage during oral surgery, MF location should be identified while keeping in mind the possibility of an anterior loop of the mental nerve being present mesial to the mental foramen. This should also be noted whilst performing surgery for implant placement.

Page No. 202-206

Authors: Aby Abraham, Elbe Peter, Koshi Philip, Mukundan V, Jinu George, R. Sreevatsan

A case report of a 10 year old pre-pubertal girl with skeletal class III malocclusion, anterior cross bite and concave profile. Patient was treated for a period of six months with rapid maxillary expansion and facemask. Significant improvements were obtained in facial profile and anterior cross bite correction was achieved.

105-107

Authors: Rajan Rajput, Zakariya Chouhan, Monica Sindhu, Sowmya Sundararajan, Ravi Raj Singh Chouhan

From ancient era to contemporary modern time’s replacements of missing teeth with artificial teeth has been an aspiration of humankind. The history of implants goes back to Egyptian civilization where first copper stud was used in the mouth. Human skulls dating from 600 A.D showed man attempted to implant carved shells into the anterior mandible. In the beginning of the 1800s, in Europe the teeth were bought off from the resurrectionists which were collected from the poor or the corpses for purposes of allotransplantation which was later discarded due to secondary infections. In 1900s a revolution was seen in dental implants and various materials were used such as porcelain, cobalt-chromium –molybdenum, titanium etc. Prof Branemark in 1960s with the discovery his concept of osseo integration brought the defining moment in history dental implants. This article provides a brief chorological overview of history of dental implants.

111-115

Authors: Aparna Ramakant Betharia, RS Dolas

Aim: The present study was scrutinized to evaluate efficiency of lag screw fixation in the treatment of anterior mandibular fractures. Patients and Methods: The study was conducted on 30 patients with mandible fracture at the anterior site, treated with lag screws and was evaluated cause, the type, and the site of fracture as well as the surgical complications. Results: In this study the major reason for the cause of mandibular fracture is due vehicle collision. The predominant type of fracture was found to be oblique type (18 patients) and saggital type (12 patients). After the lag screw fixation, the there was a significant (p<0.0001) mouth opening in 4th week and 3rd in oblique and saggital fracture respectively. Further there was a significant improvement in the mobility of fracture fragments after lag screw fixation in both the oblique and saggital fracture. Meanwhile, out of 18 patients in oblique fracture 11 patients resumed their normal activities in one week. Whilst, in the case of saggital fracture (n=12), 11 patients resumed their normal activities in one week. The occlusion was more seen in oblique type and after lag screw fixation, significant (p<0.0001) reduction was observed in both the oblique and saggital fracture. Furthermore, no infections were detected at the fractured site, hospital stay was minimal in both the fracture types and effective bony reunion was visualized based on the radiographic findings. Conclusion: Titanium lag screw fixation was found to have good rigidity, stability, economic and less time consuming in anterior mandibular fractures.

123-127

Authors: Mariem Meddeb, Abdellatif Chokri, Faten Hammedi, Karim Masmoudi, Hajer Hentati, Jamil Selmi

Leukoplakia is the most frequent potentially malignant lesion of the oral mucosa. Its diagnostic and therapeutic present a challenge for dentist. Two clinical cases of oral leukoplakia were reported. The first was a patient using chewed tobacco consulted for a verrucous oral lesion that was surgically completely removed. Histopathological examination of the specimen revealed verrucous carcinoma. The second was a smoker man presenting an oral leukoplakia with fungal infection. After antimycotic treatment and periodic follow up, the clinical signs of candidiasis regressed but the mucosal white patch persisted. A large part of the lesion was removed. Histopathological examination indicated a well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma.

136-140

Authors: M. Bashar Muselmani, Mohammad Maatouk

Background and Aim: Canine retraction is an important stage in many orthodontic cases involving extraction. The aim of this study was to develop a new technique for canine retraction and to evaluate it clinically with the use of miniscrew anchorage. Materials and Methods: The sample comprised of fifteen patients (eight females and seven males)who had maxillary first premolars extracted and maximum anchorage was indicated in all subjects to solve crowding or protrusion. Canine retraction was done using new Curved Sliding Technique and miniscrew anchorage. Miniscrews were inserted between the maxillary second premolar and the first molar in the attached gingiva near the mucogingival junction. 150 g of force was applied with nickel-titanium coil springs. The evaluation was done on lateral cephalometric radiographs and dental casts. Paired-samples t test was used to evaluate the changes within group. Results: The study showed excellent control of canine axis with intrusion (1.5 mm) and perfect rotational control during retraction. The rate of canine retraction was 1.32 mm/month. Conclusion: The new technique demonstrated excellent efficiency in canine retraction and good rate of space closing due to the reduction of friction

144-147

Authors: Muneer Harfoush, Elias Boutros, Ahmad Al-Nashar

Purpose: Evaluation of topical application of platelet rich fibrin (PRF) in homeostasis of the bleeding after simple tooth extraction in patients taking warfarin. Materials and Methods: Fifty patients, 34 males and16 females with mean age of 63 years were included in this study. Inclusion criteria was patients on warfarin with an INR ≤3.5 who were referred to the Department of Oral and maxillofacial Surgery, faculty of Dentistry, Al Andalus University for Medical Science for simple single dental extraction. After tooth extraction the sockets in 25 patients were filled with a platelet rich fibrin (PRF) (group A) while the other were covered with dry gauze and served as control (group B). Bleeding from the extraction site was evaluated and it considered mild if it lasts less than ten minutes, moderate if it lasts between ten and twenty minutes and severe if it lasts more than twenty minutes. P-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: 80% of patients in group A have moderate bleeding and 20% have mild bleeding, while 28% of patients in group B have moderate bleeding and 72% have severe bleeding. Conclusion: According to the protocol of this study, the topical application of platelet rich fibrin (PRF) after teeth extraction in patients taking warfarin is effective in homeostasis of the bleeding.

156-162

Authors: Nemat Hmesh, Samira Zraiki

Objectives: To evaluate the correlation between radiographic signs of structural bone changes in digital panoramic image and the bone mineral density (BMD) assessed by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and to assess the utility of panoramic radiographs in early detection of post-menopausal osteoporosis. Methods: Fifty post-menopausal women between the ages of 43 years and 68 years were evaluated. Cortical width, cortical index, panoramic mandibular index, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) condylar morphology changes and the number of missing teeth were measured and evaluated from digital panoramic radiographs(DPR). Weight, height, menopausal status, age and temporomandibular disorders of the patients were recorded by questionnaire. BMD of the patients were measured with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry of Lumbar spine vertebrae (L1-L4) and left femoral neck for each participant. Results: Pearson correlation coefficient test revealed that CW, PMI and NMT correlated with vertebral BMD and there were significant differences between groups with a statistically significant p-value < 0.05.Pearson Chi-Square test showed that CI correlated with BMD but TMJ condylar morphology changes didn't. Conclusion: TMJ condylar morphology changes and TMD weren't correlated and couldn't predict low BMD, whereas CW, PMI and NMT were indicators for osteoporosis but not osteopenia in post-menopausal women and dental panoramic radiographs serve as a useful screening tool for early diagnosis of osteoporotic fractures.

167-170

Authors: Mythili Katragadda A, Sandeep Chiramana H, Gopinadh Anne, Suresh Muvva, G. Phani Krishna, Vijay Kuma

Maxillofacial prostheses which restore and replace stomatognathic and associated facial structures with artificial substitutes aim to improve the patient aesthetics, restore and maintain health of the remaining structures and consequently provide physical and mental wellbeing. The objective of this article is to reveal the rehabilitation of uniocular phthisis bulbi, a clinical case treated with a scleral cover shell in a male patient whose cause of defect was trauma. Also digital reproduction of the iris is made, instead of painting the iris using acrylic or oil painting

176-178

Authors: Anita S. Raikar, Sanjeevini A. Hattarki

Exophytic gingival lesions represent some of the more frequently encountered lesions in the oral cavity. Some of the most commonly encountered exophytic gingival lesions are the irritation fibroma, peripheral ossifying fibroma, pyogenic granuloma, and peripheral giant cell granuloma.[1] Data from several biopsy services have indicated that 77% of lesions are reactive in nature.[2] These lesions are a result of trauma or chronic irritation, or they can arise from cells of the periodontium, periodontal ligament, or periosteum. The case demonstrates the need for awareness, and the role of biopsy and histologic evaluation in the management of these lesions.