Journal of Harmonized Research in Engineering

45-53

Authors: Nisha Yadav, Nikita Chhillar, Neha jaiswal

Scheduling is the method by which threads, processes or data flows are given access to system resources like processor or other resources required. This is basically done to load balance a system efficiently or accomplish a target quality of service. Scheduling algorithms are required by most contemporary systems to perform multitasking i.e. execution of more than one process at a time and multiplexing i.e. transmission of multiple flows simultaneously. The scheduling is concerned chiefly with: · Throughput - The total number of processes that complete their execution per time unit. · Latency, specifically: o Turnaround time - total time between submission of a process and its completion. o Response time - amount of time it takes from when a request was submitted until the first response is produced. · Fairness / Waiting Time - Equal CPU time to each process (or more generally appropriate times according to each process' priority). It is the time for which the process remains in the ready queue. Keywords: Scheduling, turnaround time, response time, average waiting time, scheduler

65-72

Authors: Nikita Chhillar, Nisha Yadav, Neha Jaiswal

Parallel Computing is very wide-ranging and large topic. It basically means use of multiple processors or computers working together on a common task. Parallel computing is the simultaneous use of multiple compute resources to solve a computational problem. This paper consists of a conversation on parallel computing - what it is and where it's used, followed by a discussion on concepts connected with parallel computing. The subject dependencies, Flynn’s taxonomy are then explored. These topics are followed by types of parallelism hardware parallelism and software parallelism. Keywords: Parallel computing, computation, parallelism.

80-86

Authors: Nikita Chhillar, Nisha Yadav, Neha Jaiswal

A DIGITAL SIGNATURE is a mathematical scheme for demonstrating the authenticity of a digital message or document. It provides authentication, non repudiation and integrity to the message. Digital signatures are commonly used for software distribution, financial transactions, and in other cases where it is important to detect forgery or tampering and they are also known as the “CRYPTOGRAPHIC SIGNATURES OR ELECTRONIC SIGNATURES”. With the development of Internet, digital signature becomes more and more important for the electronic commerce security because of its data integrity protecting and privacy. Anyone can verify this signature using the corresponding publicly revealed encryption key. Considered by the electronic signature industry as the most reliable way to sign of the three types of electronic signatures and the only standard signing solution available, digital signatures are a thoroughly-tested and well established technology. Keywords: digital signatures, Key Pair Generator, Secure Electronic Transaction, Electronic Commerce

91-94

Authors: Shweta Garg, Shrishti Vashist, Shruti Aggarwal

A compiler’s job is to Lower the abstraction level, eliminate overhead from language abstractions, map source program onto hardware efficiently hide hardware weaknesses, utilize hardware strengths equal the efficiency of a good assembly programmer. The process of compiling a set of source files into a corresponding set of class files is not a simple one, but can be generally divided into three stages. Different parts of source files may proceed through the process at different rates, on an "as needed" basis. Keywords: Specialization- pursuing a particular line of work, Fidelity- strict observance of promises, Immutable- unchangeable, Trivia- inconsequential, Computation- an act or process.

100-103

Authors: Shweta Garg, Shrishti Vashist, Shruti Aggarwal

The ideal memory system alleged by most programmers is one which has high capacity, yet allows any word to be accessed immediately. To make the hardware estimated this performance, an increasingly complex memory hierarchy, using caches and techniques like automatic prefetch, has evolved. However, as the gap between processor and memory speeds continues to widen, these programmer-visible mechanisms are becoming inadequate. Keywords: Explicit- fully and clearly expressed, Retrieved- to recover, Native- being the place, Specifier- to mention,pertaining to. Abbreviation: ISA-instruction set architecture, I/O-input/output, CISC-complex instruction set computer, RISC-reduced instruction set computer, VLIW-very long instruction word

110-114

Authors: Naveen Malik, Naeem Akhtar, Pankaj Sharma, Rahul, Hardeep Rohilla

J2EE architecture has various complicated layers which includes client, presentation, business logic and data persistence layer. There is respective data presentation in applicable layer of J2EE, with strictly rules to access and transform data objects in between these layers. In J2EE, it should control the access to data persistence layer to protect important enterprise data and avoid showing the database pattern to client directly. The data persistence layer lies behind the business logic layer and provides business interfaces via the business logic layer to communicate with the presentation layer to package the data persistence layer, separates the data persistence layer from the presentation layer. This paper contains middle-ware technology which is the kernel and key to the solution of the dynamic E-business system through analyzing J2EE architecture, MVC design pattern, the component technology of JSP, Servlet and EJB etc. J2EE technology and MVC design pattern can simplify the software development, improve the software performance and quickly construct the dynamic E-business system of the good extensibility, maintainability, dependability and high usability. Key-Words: – Persistence Layer, Presentation layer, Business logic layer, Model, View, Controller etc.

120-124

Authors: Naveen Malik, Naeem Akhtar, Hardeep Rohilla, Rahul, Pankaj Sharma

In this Research paper, learning in feedforward networks will be considered. A feed forward neural network is an artificial neural network where connections between the units do not form a directed cycle. This is different from recurrent neural networks. The feedforward neural network was the first and simplest type of artificial neural network devised. In this network, the information moves forwardly in only one direction, from the input nodes, through the hidden nodes and to the output nodes. There are no cycles or loops in the network.

146-153

Authors: Nisha Yadav, Shikha Yadav,Preeti Dhanda

In recent years researchers have developed a lot of concern in stock market prediction because of its dynamic & unpredictable temperament. Predicting anything is very tough especially if the relationship between the inputs and outputs are non-linear in nature and stock price prediction is one of such item. Predicting stock data with customary time series analysis has proven to be intricate. An artificial neural network may be more pertinent for the task .Primarily because no postulation about a suitable mathematical model has to be made prior to forecasting. Furthermore, a neural network has the knack to extract useful information from hefty sets of data, which frequently is required for a satisfying description of a financial time series. There have been vast studies using artificial neural networks (ANNs) in the stock market prediction. A large number of triumphant applications have shown that ANN can be a very handy tool for time-series modeling and forecasting. Much research on the applications of NNs for solving industry problems has established their advantages over statistical and other methods that do not embrace AI, although there is no optimal methodology for a certain problem. In order to recognize the main benefits and limitations of previous methods in NN applications and to find associations between methodology and problem domains, data models, and outcome obtained, a proportional analysis of selected applications is conducted. It can be concluded from inspection that NNs are most implemented in forecasting stock prices, takings, and stock modeling.

161-166

Authors: Naveen Malik, Pankaj Sharma, Naeem Akhtar, Rahul, Hardeep Rohilla

A vector processor, or array processor, is a central processing unit (CPU) that implements an instruction set containing instructions that operate on one-dimensional arrays of data called vectors. This is in contrast to a scalar processor, whose instructions operate on single data items. Vector processors can greatly improve performance on certain workloads, notably numerical simulation and similar tasks. Vector machines appeared in the early 1970s and dominated supercomputer design through the 1970s into the 90s, notably the various Cray platforms. The rapid rise in the price-to-performance ratio of conventional microprocessor designs led to the vector supercomputer's demise in the later 1990s. Today, most commodity CPUs implement architectures that feature instructions for a form vector processing on multiple (vectorized) data sets, typically known as SIMD (Single Instruction, Multiple Data). Common examples include VIS, MMX, SSE, AltiVec and AVX. Vector processing techniques are also found in video game console hardware and graphics accelerators. In 2000, IBM, Toshiba and Sony collaborated to create the Cell processor, consisting of one scalar processor and eight vector processors, which found use in the Sony PlayStation 3 among other applications. Other CPU designs may include some multiple instructions for vector processing on multiple (vectorised) data sets, typically known as MIMD (Multiple Instruction, Multiple Data) and realized with VLIW. Such designs are usually dedicated to a particular application and not commonly marketed for general purpose computing. In the Fujitsu FR-V VLIW/vector processor both technologies are combined.

1-4

Authors: Mr. Prabeer Dash*, Dr.S.M.Ali

ABSTRACT: Green building (also known as green construction or sustainable building) refers to a structure and using process that is environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building's life-cycle: from sitting to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation, and demolition. This requires close cooperation of the design team, the architects, the engineers, and the client at all project stages. The Green Building practice expands and complements the classical building design concerns of economy, utility, durability, and comfort.

16-23

Authors: P. Sunil Kumar, M.G.Sumithra, M.Sarumathi, E.Praveen Kumar

OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) technique has been widely adopted in many wireless communication systems due to its high data-rate transmission ability and robustness to the multipath fading channel. OFDM may be united with antenna arrays at the transmitter and receiver side to enhance the diversity gain and to improve the system competence on time-variant and frequency-selective channels, resulting in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) composition. Multiple-input and single-output (MISO) is a case when the transmitter has multiple antennas and the receiver has a single antenna. Sometimes MISO technology is also called as transmit diversity technology. In this case, the same data is transmitted simultaneously from the two transmitter antennas. The receiver is then able to receive the optimum signal which it can then use to obtain and extract the required data. In this paper a comprehensive analysis of multi antenna MISOOFDM systems based on the Bit Error Rate performance in Rayleigh and Rician channels is discussed and analyzed. Similarly, Single Input Multiple Output (SIMO) is a form of smart antenna technology for wireless communications in which a single antenna at the transmitter and multiple antennas are used at the destination (receiver). An early form of SIMO, known as diversity reception, has been used by the military, commercial, amateur, and short wave radio operators at frequencies below 30 MHz since the First World War. The other forms of smart antenna technology include Single input Single output (SISO), Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) and Multiple Input Single Output (MISO). A comprehensive literature survey on the performance analysis of different combining techniques in Rayleigh fading channels for multi antenna SIMO is also analyzed in this paper. Keywords— MISO, Multi antenna, Rayleigh, Rician

29-33

Authors: Aparna Chandran

A wireless sensor network consists of spatially distributed autonomous and efficient sensors to monitor environmental conditions and physical conditions. In wireless sensor network, one of the widely used techniques is data aggregation. There has been many related papers and works proposed to address this data aggregation technique. However less of them pay attention to the property of data integrity. An attacker can simply modify data to affect the decision of base station by compromised nodes. Therefore, a new efficient and secure data aggregation architecture is proposed to find the compromised nodes and help the base station to verify the final results. Keywords- Data Aggregation, Data Integrity, Sensor

39-44

Authors: Dr. Rajanna S

In the present investigation, aluminium alloy 6061 was used as the matrix material. Al6061 alloy has the highest strength and ductility of the aluminium alloys with excellent machinability and good bearing and wear properties The Al6061-graphite composites were prepared by the vortex method. The graphite contents used for the preparation of the composites were 0%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5% and 3%..The effect graphite was studied by varying the percentage on ultimate tensile strength, percentage of elongation, compressive strength and hardness of the composite. Key words: Matrix, Graphite, Strength, Response