Sportif Bakış: Spor ve Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi

9-19

Authors: Ali Işın, Çağhan Buğra Ödüz Ozus, Tuba Melekoğlu

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of hand dimension on handgrip strength in adolescents aged 13-14 years who do or not perform sports. A total of 56 adolescents (28 athletes and 28 non-athletes) aged between 13-14 years volunteered to participate in this study. Body length (cm), body weight (kg), body mass index (kg / m2), handgrip strength and hand dimension were measured. Hand dimension, length and handgrip measurements were taken from the dominant hand of the volunteers. After normality test, independent samples t test was used to analyse the difference between groups and Person Correlation was used to analyse the relationship between the groups via using SPSS v.24. As a result of this study, it was found that the handgrip strengths of the athletes were significantly higher than the non-athletes (p <.01). However, there were no significant differences between the hand dimensions of the athletes compared to the non-athletes. When the relationship between the hand dimension and the strength parameters was examined in adolescents, it was seen that as the hand length, the hand area, and the hand circumference increase, strength values also increase. There was a correlation between hand dimensions and handgrip strength values (p <.001).

33-41

Authors: NESLİŞAH AKTAŞ ÜSTÜN, ERDAL ZORBA, ÜMİT DOĞAN ÜSTÜN

The use of outdoor sports equipment in parks is increasing day by day. Individuals aim to become fit by doing various physical exercises in these areas. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and the purposes of use of male and female participants using outdoor sports equipment in the parks of Kütahya Municipality. 71 participants, using outdoor sports equipment in the parks of Kütahya Municipality, selected by random sampling method volunteered in the study. The study was carried out in the form of a qualitative research study, where data were first collected by semi-structured interview technique and transferred to computer as decoded audio files (wav). Thus, the audio files obtained as a result of the interviews were converted into Microsoft Word text documents and these Word documents converted to quantitative values by content analysis method. In the analyses of the data percentage and cross tabulation methods were used. As a result, the frequency and the purposes of use of these areas varies between male and female participants. In addition, the idea of employing sports experts to guide the users in these areas to make sports consciously is another result of the study.

10-28

Authors: MERT KEREM ZELYURT, MUAZZEZ ŞAŞMAZ ATAÇOCUĞU

In 2016 it was seen that the “quota rule” (age restriction) which was put into practice in 2009 for the 3. League football teams in order to enable young players to have a better chance in squads and bring these players to the national teams have been changed because of not getting the desired results. In the study, the effects of 2009 quota rule which was established as a legal obligation to the football teams were examined in the extent of players, coaches, and the club managers (dramatis personae). The study was designed as “Semi-structured in-depth interview” (Qualitative Method) method. According to “Theoretical Sampling Method” the sample of the study was formed through 6 players, 4 club managers and 5 coaches all of which are active in the third football league. The interviews recorded in February 2017 and May 2017, which vary from 6 minutes to 29 minutes in length according to the samples, were converted into text and categorized under 4 themes in findings section. The themes are: 1. being dropped out of squad 2. Problems relating the squads and the quality of the football 3.The problem of player training in the third league for the national team and transfer mobility to upper leagues 4. The fall in wages, the problem of becoming unemployed and being obliged to play in the amateur football league. As it can be concluded from the themes which frame the narrations by the samples including different experiences considering their status and roles in terms of quota rule practice; some outcomes during the period in which the rule had been practiced (particularly due to the version before the change) were witnessed such as the deterioration in the quality of football, technical problems relating squads, the problem of vertical and horizontal professional mobility of the players and the fall in wages. In the last instance; it can be concluded that it is necessary to analyze legal sanctions relating a multivariate and intricate field such as football in terms of their possible multiple outcomes before putting them into practice. Considering this study, it is thought that analyzing the professional effects of legal changes to be made in order to regulate practices in football and other sports branches shall benefit both theoretically and for the sake of correct operation of the field of application.

38-45

Authors: YUSUF SOYLU, FATİH ATİK, MEHMET ÖÇALAN

This research was carried out on 335 students (170 males and 165 females) in Anatolian High School, Science High School and Sports High School in Kırıkkale. The aim of the study was to compare the social appearance anxiety levels according to gender, age, school and sporting / non-sporting variables of adolescents who did and did not perform sports. The research method was the Social Appearance Anxiety Scale (SSI) scale. Hart et al. (2008) developed a self-report style measure designed to measure the emotional, cognitive, and behavioral anxieties experienced by an individual about appearance. The Turkish adaptation study of the scale was carried out by Doğan (2010). The Social Appearance Anxiety Scale is a measure of 16 items. High scores from the social anxiety scale, which measures social anxiety in one dimension, indicate that the anxiety of appearance is high. The Cronbach Alpha coefficient of your scale was .86 In the study, it was determined that the social appearance anxiety levels of adolescents did not show any significant difference according to age variable. It is seen that there is a significant difference according to the variables of the adolescents, gender, school and sporting/not doing.

56-62

Authors: TAYFUN KARA

The aim of this study was to examine the sportive self-confidence of high school students who engage in regular sports in terms of various variables. 210 high school students, who were randomly chosen, from Kutahya, voluntarily participated in the study. In the study, to collect data, in addition to a five items questionnaire which was developed by the researchers, “Constant Self Confident Scale”, which was adapted to Turkish by Yıldırım (2013) was used. In the analyses of the data in order to identify significant differences between participants’ constant self-confidence, independent samples t-test and two-way ANOVA was used. As a result, it was found that the participants’ sportive constant self-confidence was higher in women and participants who engage in individual sports. But, these levels were found to be moderate when considering the points that can be taken from the whole scale. Also, there was a significant difference in favor of those who professionally play sports.

70-97

Authors: MUAZZEZ ŞAŞMAZ ATAÇOCUĞU, MERT KEREM ZELYURT

Unemployment has been recognized as an important indicator of economies of the countries. Unemployment which expresses the status of complete unavailability of “labor” as the main factor of production, is a multidimensional problem, which can be encountered in all countries from less developed countries to developed countries. It is emerging in all sectors with various proportions and features. The research question of this paper was created by issues in the context of unemployment of graduates of the faculties of sports sciences which are raising labor supply to sports sector which is growing with every passing day. In the study, it was intended to analyze the unemployment experiences of faculty of sports sciences graduates (former words, the “PES”) and to put the variables about the causes and consequences of this experience forward. In this context, the study sample was selected from people who were graduated from 4 separate departments of relevant faculties and have experienced unemployment. The sample consists of 20 participants for a total, 7 Physical Education and Sports Teaching Department, 5 Sports Management Department, 4 Coaching Education Department, 4 Recreation Department graduates. In the study, “Semi-structured in-depth interview” which is a specific research technique peculiar to “Qualitative Method” was applied. Interviews were recorded on a voice recorder, transferred to the “Word” text. Related findings (text) subjected to content analysis, were classified under 5 themes that reflect the primary problematics relevant to the subject: 1. Unemployment Duration and Job Search Practices of Graduates, 2. The Perception of Employment in Anatolian Cities, 3. Pedagogic Formation Certificate as a Business Opportunity, 4. Effective Elements in Finding a Job, 5. The Perception of the Profession. From the results of the research, in general, the following tips were obtained: It appeared that those who have graduated from various departments of Faculties of Sports Sciences were exposed to a long duration of unemployment, finally they have to work outside of the department they have graduated or a completely different sector; legal regulations related the departments they graduated (pedagogic formation education), lack of sport facilities and materials in the city they live, issue of torpedo (nepotism), fewer job opportunities in the public sector, as well as precariousness of work in the private sector which offers various job opportunities play a role on unemployment of graduates.

109-116

Authors: BOLAT GÜNDÜZ, MERT KAYHAN

Many football teams in the world change technical directors first in case of a failure. As a result of this change, it is thought that the failure will be the end and the successful results will come soon (Egesoy 2010). The aim of this study is to compare of coach changes Turkey and some other countries teams which have at least one championship in last 20 years. In our work, Premier League England, Germany, Italy, Spain, Turkey, France, and Portugal have all teams that have won the championship in the last 20 years (n:38). The number of coach changes, the league championship numbers and the final numbers played in the European cups has been obtained from the transfermarkt.com. Descriptive statistics and one-way variance analysis were used for the analysis of the data. The coach changing numbers of team’s, which was in our study in last 20 years, was found 16.47±5.74. While average of coach changed in our country 20.25±3.4, England 11.20±9.33, Germany 15.83±6.14, Italy 18.20±4.14, Spain 19±3.80, France 15±4.89 and Portugal 18.25±4.11 was found. When the findings are examined, the coach average of the championship teams in our country during the last 20 years has been found high compared to Europe.

69-77

Authors: Ozan SEVER, Fatih KIYICI, Gökhan ATASEVER

In the study, the acute response of the 2000m maximal aerobic test on the biathletes living at different altitudes was analyzed. A total of 67 athletes (Mean age = 14,69 ± 1,22, Mean BMI = 19.60 ± 2.29) consisting of boys and girls represent the sample of the study who were tested during the qualification process of Turkey national team. The athletes divided into two groups. Thirty-two of the athletes living above the altitude of 1500m (considered as the altitude where physiological adaptation occurs) coded as the high-altitude group, and thirty-five living below 1500m coded as the low altitude group. A shuttle-run test was applied to measure the aerobic power of the athletes. During the test, the heart rates were monitored continuously. The athletes living above 1500m showed higher VO2max and total lap score in the shuttle-run test compared to the athletes living below 1500m. But this difference was found to be statistically insignificant. The Living altitude – VO2max – Total Laps variables had positive moderate correlation each other (r = 0,363, r = 0,355). As the altitude increases, the endurance score increases. When each stage of the shuttle-run test examined, it was seen that those who live at low altitudes tend to give up the shuttle-run test earlier, although there was no difference in the mean heart rates between groups. Findings showed that the physiological response of the biathletes who had similar training history was influenced by the altitude they live on. In this respect, altitude adaptation in biathletes is thought to affect the score in competitions and national team selections.

101-110

Authors: Yusuf ALPER, Zekine PÜNDÜK, Fahri AKÇAKOYUN, Zekeriya GÖKTAŞ

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the nutrition and physical exercise habits change on overweight in Balikesir Science High School students. Eighty-five volunteered students (46 girls and 39 boys), participated in this study. The participant’s nutrition habits and physical characteristics were analyzed twice in three years, 1st when participants were 15 years old (grade 9) 2nd when they were 18 years old (grade 12). The study results showed increase in body weight, height and body mass index (BMI) in grade 12 compared to grade 9, but no increase in waist/hip ratio. The participation in physical activity and physical activity duration was declined in grade 12 (p=0.000, p=0.004 respectively). When the scale mean scores evaluated it was found that, the nutrition habit risk score increased except question 2 and 5. In addition, boys more participated in physical activity than girls (p=0.001) when they were in grade 9, but in grade 12 this physical activity participation level more decreased in girls compared to boys (p=0.04). In conclusion, this study results indicated that in grade 12 or 18 years old bad nutrition habits increased and physical exercise participation level decreased with school and exam factors.

9-15

Authors: Ahmad Narimani, Tahere Moosavi Rad, Loghman Keshavarz

This study aimed to rank the spectators’ difficulties in buying electronic tickets of football premier league matches at Azadi stadium. The population consisted of all spectators of Esteghlal-Persepolis match in the fifteenth league at Azadi stadium (N= 100000). According to Morgan table and using simple random sampling method, 500 participants were selected as sample. A researcher-made questionnaire was used for collecting the data; its face validity was confirmed by 15 experts and performing a pilot study on 30 subjects, its Cronbach’s alpha was calculated to be 0.86. Using SPSS 22, the descriptive and inferential (including Friedman test) statistics was applied for analyzing the data. The findings showed that there was a significant difference between rankings of difficulties in buying electronic tickets of Football premier league matches at Azadi Stadium. The difficulties were ranked as: problem in ticket systems, early selling out of electronic tickets, lack of confidence to electronic ticket sale, lack of skill to work with the internet, low speed of internet, and lack of access to the internet.

33-43

Authors: İlyas GÖRGÜT

The aim of this study was to determine team cohesion of handballplayers who were actively engaged in sport in various categories. The study group consisted of a total of 607 handball players, 317 female and 290 male, selected by random method and from 11 provinces of Turkey according to the some factors. When we examine the age distributions of the participants, 121 athletes appear to be 13 years and under, 309 athletes 14-18 years, 94 athletes 19-23 years, 54 athletes 24-28 years and 29 athletes 29 years and over. In addition, 186 of them expressed their education situation as middle school, 253 of them expressed their education situation as high school and 168 of them expressed their education situation as university. Personal information form and team cohesion scale, developed by Widmeyer et al. (1985) and adapted to Turkish by Moralı (1994), were used as a data collecting tools. The Kolmogorov Smirnov test was used to measure whether the obtained data showed normal distribution or not and nonparametric tests were used to determine the subscale scores because they didn’t show normal disturbance. For binary comparisons Mann Whitney U test, for multiple comparisons Kruskal Wallis variance and for the difference between significant groups Bonferroni Mann Whitney U test were used. As a result of the research, there were significant differences in scale subscale scores in terms of gender, age, educational status, sports experience, income and province variables of handball players.

89-98

Authors: Alp Çelik

Spor Bahis Oyunları; doğası gereği yüksek hasılat, sıcak para döngüsü, eğlence, heyecan, hayaller ve kurulan bu hayallerin gerçekleşmesi gibi etkenler içermektedir. Toplumda belirtilen bu faktörler doğal olarak insanların oyun oynama güdülerini de etkilemektedir. Bu çalışmada bahis oyunları oynayan iştirakçilerin/oyuncuların oyunlara katılımını etkileyen faktörlerin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.

116-123

Authors: Vahdet Alaeddinoğlu, İsmail Kaya

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türk Kayak Milli Takımlarında yer alan erkek genç kayakçıların fiziksel özellikleri, patlayıcı güç, dayanıklılık ve vücut yağ yüzdelerinin incelenmesidir.