Islas

26-42

Authors: Ligia Machado Pardo

Considerations about the female gender constitute a permanent reference in the work of Gabriel García Márquez. He appreciates women as a creative, emancipatory force, capable of overcoming and actively contributing to the transformation of society. He recognizes women as a warrior, builder of equity, intelligent and aware that the sacrifice for freedom is not a matter exclusively for men. It demands the presence of men and women with a determined attitude to preserve life, and it is evident that their struggle in this regard is untiring. The ideas of this intellectual are also aligned with that practical humanist tradition that has characterized the most progressive trajectory in the history of Latin American thought, through the centuries.

44-55

Authors: Dailet Naila Soriano García, Magda Céspedes Hernández

Beginning in the last years of the last century a great interest in the study of the work of the Chilean writer Roberto Bolaño has been observed in specialized literature critics. The author's untimely death was not a trigger for this interest, but it was an important factor. His literature delves into the fundamental problems of being Latin American, the fear of dictatorships and the cyclical nature of history, the split to which the subject is submitted in the act of migration. Thus, this paper will highlight the main characteristics of Roberto Bolaño's short stories, the motives through which his represented subjects travel: exiles, writers who suffer from anonymity, anonymous writers in exile. Similarly, emphasis is placed on the work of several critics who have had Roberto Bolaño and his literature as the fundamental axis in their studies.

66-80

Authors: Aliney Santos Gallardo, Arlen Nuñez Lamar

Due to the complex sociocultural diversity of the Caribbean countries, studies on this area have traditionally been fragmented approaches, without the interest of reflecting on the Caribbean as a geocultural region. However, during the last decades some investigations have assumed diverse methodological positions that show a concern for the essence of the area, beyond the differences between the countries that comprise it. The experience of the island condition is perceived as a constant on which it has been widely reflected, although rarely from a perspective that summarizes the multiplicity of its forms of expression. This research aims to review the literature on the main critical positions related to the sociocultural experience of the Caribbean insularity, its meeting points and disagreements.

102-110

Authors: Yeni Hechavarría Urquiaga

Discourse is useful to express ideas; at the same time, it is essential to identify others’ ideologies. This research paper is aimed precisely at identifying ideological positions expressed in the poetic discourse of Maya Angelou. Dimensional discourse analysis is used to carry out the analysis presented. The reader will find different criteria to addressdiscourse analysis, including Charaudeau’s, Van Dijk’s, Curbeira’s among others. Those criteria served as basis for the accomplishment of this paper. This was the first approach to poetic discourse in our Group of Semantic, Ideographic and Discourse Studies of the School of Foreign Languages of the University of Havana, centering the analyses on the implicit valuating utterances with ideological content.

128-169

Authors: Johanset Orihuela León, Leonel Pérez Orozco

This article provides a record of noteworthy climatic events occurred on the Habana-Matanzas region between 1692 and 1876. This record was extracted from detailed primary and historiographical documentation, plus meteorological data from modern climatic scientific literature, in search of a relationship between the adverse effects of events such as hurricanes, ENSO events, local storms, drought and floods on human conditions, in the area around the Matanzas Bay. We corroborate that climate played a significant role in the urbanistic and socioeconomic development of Matanzas since its foundation in 1693, but more considerably during the second half of the 18th and early 19th century. The integration of climatology to historical research provides, although limitedly, inferences on meteorological conditions that are not available from document evidence, and thus allowing for generalized reconstruction of conditions which marked local history.

20-27

Authors: Armando Infante del Sol, Nilda Ibarra López

This article aims to contribute to updating the historical analysis related to the unitary process to the insurrectionary struggle developed in the central region between 1952-1958. Historical elements are provided to explain the strategic importance of the central region of the country both for the army of the tyranny and for the rebels. Furthermore, the arguments that facilitate the understanding of the difficulties presented are explained. The ideological characteristics of anti-communism are defined in the region and the political interests of the revolutionary organizations that operate in the studied area are highlighted. It is concluded that sectarianism with an anti-communist base in the center of the country from 1952 to 1958 exceeded tactical positions and transcended towards the strategic because of its class and ideological spectrum.

39-55

Authors: Alma Rosa González Morales

This text presents the discussion that Paulette Dieterlen gene-rates about the implications when addressing the issue of poverty. The concept of equality and justice is problematized, as well as the formu-lations that emerge from the field of economics. Through this journey, the intention of the article is to overcome the limitations of the universal measurement of poverty that the economy and macroeconomics entail, through a philosophical vision such as the field of ethics.

77-86

Authors: Kirenia Chaveco Asin

In this article, an approach to ethnophilosophy is made with the intention of revealing the particular dimension that is appreciated when studying it as a new way of thinking and doing philosophy from interculturality. This implies a different, creative and innovative ap-proach to analyze the problem of the cultural identity and worldview of each nation. In the same way, emphasis is placed on recognizing this new conception of philosophy as a viable alternative to the homogenization and monopolization imposed by neoliberal globalization by proposing a respectful dialogue between different cultures. Ethnophilosophy and interculturality are also analyzed as two concepts that lead to reflection on the role of culture as a catalyst for the transition process towards social progress.

106-121

Authors: Linet Hernández Moredo

This research goes more deeply into an aspect of Enrique José Varona, which has little been researched: his aesthetic ideas. The paper is based on two main topics. First, it focuses on humanism and its main principles, as a set of ideas which stress the human being dignity and the search of its harmonic development. Later, the paper presents the philosophical understanding of sympathy, and shows a group of ethical and aesthetic connotations of such category in the Western thinking of 18th and 19th centuries. With respect to Enrique José Varona ́s thought, some humanistic features are determined in his aesthetic ideas, related to the Western and Cuban context. The role of Varona ́s sympathy concept with his aesthetic ideas as well as their humanistic content is assessed. The relationship among aesthetic education, sympathy and ethical values is also studied.

136-150

Authors: Mely del Rosario González Aróstegui

is work delves into the multiple struggles and resistances of Cuban women in regards to the Latin American liberation tradition, which has left an indelible mark of secular resistance against foreign domination, without losing sight of the vicissitudes of a difficult daily life to produce life, and that at times has become dramatic. This tradition of struggles and resistance, which reaches the rank of culture, is worth taking into account when it comes to consolidating a revolutionary ideology in current conditions that allows facing, with intelligence and objectivity, the numerous challenges that neoliberal globalization and crises economic situation that Cuba is going through, has especially im-posed on women. This is a theme linked to the treatment of the identity problem and aimed at the configuration of a daily action that allows the defense of the Cuban being. In this context, feminist knowledge is sustained and outlined from doubts, frustrations, difficulties that in turn leave practices that are an affirmation processes of this knowledge.

167-181

Authors: María Karla García Campos, Eraida Campos Maura

The present paper sets out to analyze the evolution of the com-munal estate as a type of property, as well as its influence on the deve-lopment not only economic, but also socio-political in the jurisdiction of Santa Clara. This time frame is chosen since at the end of the 17th century, specifically in 1689, the town of Santa Clara was founded, separated from that of San Juan de los Remedios; as a product precisely of the fight for control of the land and its resources, with the appearance of new interest groups, as is the case under study.

192-202

Authors: Pedro Arturo Muñoz Oramas, Gippsy Gracia Delfín

The following refectory monograph shows military relatives who integrated the family tree of the Martí family, which served as an example to the Cuban National Hero to become a soldier of ideas. Their participation in different affiliations guidelines to be followed by José Julián for what would later be the creation of the Guerra Necesaria. All carried military degrees and served stoically in the armies they served, earning decorations and relevant achievements in their lives. This result is part of a doctoral thesis where it is intended to provide students of the Universidad Central «Marta Abreu» de Las Villas with a new practical tool for Martian military thinking. The methods used were the study of documents, the logical history and the pedagogical practice.

21-31

Authors: Gema Mestre Varela

This paper reflects on the writing of students in the ninth grade at the “José Martí” High School. It is part of the project «Authorship of the word-thought in children and adolescents of Santa Clara», which is in full development. A sample of written productions related to topics of daily life, cultural identity, family groups, among others is analyzed. The evaluation criteria are based on those applied by Unesco in a regional investigation whose precepts are contemplated in Contributions for the teaching of writing. In our analysis some aspects were added because it dealt with ninth grade students. The discursive dimension, the textual dimension and the legibility conventions dimension constitute nuclear elements and conductors in this study. The results achieved encourage us to continue this project.

42-52

Authors: María Dolores Cerdeira, Leila Samira Martínez Caluff

The university student, from his or her methodological and teaching function, is in charge of creating and applying procedures and means to develop the lexical flow. One way to extend this action is through the authorship of the word, because it offers the opportunity to satisfy the needs, interests and motivations of a particular group of students. This paper specifies the characteristics of a brochure that is the product of the authorship of the word of a young university student of pedagogical training. The brochure is a cultural and linguistic contribution because the authorship of the word expresses themes related to relations of social coexistence, environmental education, respect for diversity, and defense of identity. It provides a didactic procedure for the analysis, understanding and construction of meanings. Keywords: word authorship; lexical flow; university student of pedagogical training; pedagogical training.

64-77

Authors: Chavely Pérez Espinosa, Mercedes Garcés Pérez

This research characterizes Lisandro Otero´s style in the chronicles compiled in Avisos de ocasión. With that aim, a stylistic analysis is carried out, particularly at the syntactic level, having as a starting point the study of subordination as a process for the formation of compound sentences and discourse connectors. As the main result achieved, it is shown that Lisandro Otero portrays a style understandable to every public because, despite the high levels of subordination in some paragraphs, it prevails a clear and simple language. The appropriate use of discourse connectors; the abundance of transitive sentences in the text, that manifests the author´s intention of get as much information as possible to the readers, avoiding misinterpretations; and the prevalence of active sentences demonstrate the level achieved by the author in the exercise of journalism.

98-109

Authors: Denise Prado González, Sandra Salomón Gregorio

The objective of this research is to analyze how metaphor and metonymy manifest in the process of forming somatic locutions in Ciego de Ávila youth speech. The metonymic and metaphorical values of the somatic locutions are identified, they were classified according to the criteria of Nissen for metonymy and of George Lakoff and Mark Johnson for metaphor, and the figurative senses attributed to these somatic locutions were recognized. This research will contribute to expand the studies on this linguistic discipline, it will contribute to a new thematic line, because there have been few works of this nature in our country. It will demonstrate the phraseological creativity of the speakers and will contribute to the characterization of the regional language variant.

122-131

Authors: Elisaliz Oramas Torres

In the today´s world, the interpreter is characterized by three main aspects: the knowledge of the source and target languages, the knowledge of the culture of those languages and the academic training. Nowadays the interpreters are no longer self-educated as in past decades; now they develop, in educational institutions, the cognitive abilities they need to work as translators and interpreters such as good memory, concentration, intuition, speed, etc. To promote and develop these skills, we present a compilation of exercises that according to our teaching experience have turned out to be very useful in the development of the lexical competence of students of the course English language with a Second Foreign language: French.

144-155

Authors: Sabdiel Batista Díaz

Through an in-depth process of analysis and synthesis of reports, research and publications, changes in the news consumption habits of the world’s population, which now prefers to be informed through mobile devices, are demonstrated. This represents a change in current communication models, where traditional media are not the only ones with the possibility of producing news and information, but also the recipients themselves. There are two fundamental characteristics that are now marking the way young people consume information: the social and the mobile. The former receivers have become prosumers; that is, producers and consumers of information through mobile phones. Descargas

173-186

Authors: Erianne González Rodríguez

Regardless of the ideological differences between the Cuban Revolution and the Spain of Franco and the existence of events that happened between them, this situation did not affect the bilateral relations between these two countries. All this got expressed in the main sources of diverse nature that have been discovered from 1959 to our days. The objective of this work is to accomplish a historiographical analysis about the sources found in Cuba to study the relations between both countries, in which the method of documentary analysis performed a fundamental role. In the research, an insufficiency of sources to carry out the study has been identified.

14-30

Authors: Angélica María Sánchez Bonilla

This research presents an overview of the different beginnings of academic music in Ecuador as well as a description and characteristics of the different generations of Ecuadorian academic composers. Likewise, a sample of works for solo piano has been included through a brief analysis with the intention of highlighting the style and compositional techniques used by each of its composers.

44-57

Authors: Cecilia María del Carmen Suárez Moreno

This work analyzes the substantive contributions of Carlos Rojas Reyes’s Estéticas Caníbales, published in three volumes, where the author constructs a highly complex object of study and a proposal to overcome the hegemonic artistic canon, by means of a suggestive and ambitious working hypothesis. He wonders how to overcome the postmodern canon that is exhausted, not so much by historical circumstances, but by its impossibility to express and represent the complexity of this era. The great intellectual enterprise of Rojas explores the possibilities of implosion of the hegemonic canon and proposes Estéticas Caníbales that promote the exploration of other symbolic forms that are also forms of resistance to the planetary domination of capital.

93-105

Authors: Bertha Díaz Martínez

Through this article, some questions are proposed to displace the critical exercise as a logocentric practice, towards an exercise that emerges from the affections that remain in the spectator’s body. It also shows how these questions articulate in a workshop and in the conformation of a series writings on the ephemeral. It is about beginning to assume that observing the scene also implies understanding it as practices of the present, of movement and of the body.

124-134

Authors: Esteban Teodoro Torres Díaz

As a result of research-creation, the present work deals with the production of «new crafts» from current exploratory views (aesthetic, technological and functional) to historical objects that inhabit the Ecuadorian common memory, many of them museum pieces, that can be a reason for the conception of new objects, perfectly functional, produced from «later looks» and full of evocative capacity. Few institutions struggle to maintain an adequate level in its various phases; and despite the efforts made, the impact on the design themes, innovation, costs, technology and promotion is still poor. However, there are great craftsmen and designers capable of giving a positive turn to this reality.

145-159

Authors: Paúl Sebastián Martínez Roldán

César Burbano Moscoso is a fundamental protagonist in the transformation of the architectural paradigms of the city of Cuenca and is also one of the first graduates of the Faculty of Architecture of the Central University of Quito in the middle of the last century. At the same time, Burbano is a direct heir to the Ecuadorian landscape pictorial tradition of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. With Honorato Vázquez as his master, he explored the traditional languages of painting and landscaping. Among his most recognized works is the series of watercolors that, for 23 years, he developed for the covers of telephone directories published annually by the municipal communications company. The objective of this research is to demonstrate the transcendence of César Burbano Moscoso for the city of Cuenca.

173-185

Authors: Misael Moya Méndez

There are sociolinguistic and educational problems that prevent a fully effective practice of academic writing in the current context of Ecuador, and methodological proposals are offered that could be considered the starting point of a «master plan» that would favor the transformation of that reality and the consequent achievement of a greater competitiveness of the academic textual production and a greater projection of the scientific, technological and cultural advances of the country in the world.

20-33

Authors: Gema del Carmen Valdés Acosta

The purpose of this paper is to confront the theoreticalmethodological problems present in the analysis of the legacy of African languages in Spanish related to normativity. The contradictions of orality/ writing appear here surrounded by delicate aspects of linguistic awareness, linked to religion and other survival mechanisms. The methodology is based on the study of different orthographies and other variations from 47 field investigations carried out in different times and by different authors in Cuba. In this work the variations are analyzed, categories are proposed for the study of these facts and the advantages and disadvantages presented by the decisions on spelling and other aspects of normativity. The conclusions provide definitions of categories for study and proposals of standardization for these linguistic facts.

50-62

Authors: Yessy Villavicencio Simón, Iván Gabriel Grajales Melián

This paper examines some methodological considerations to work on the topic of «yerberías», as a market of healing or magic-religious plants, from a didactic approach in the teaching of Spanish to non-Spanish speakers within the Cuban context, in order to enrich their sociocultural competence. Consequently, the integration of this thematic axis makes possible the didactic programming of other socio-cultural contents, pragmatic-discursive contents (functions and discursive resources), lexical contents and grammatical contents, as well as certain learning tasks of the didactic sequence conceived, so they can favor the training process of the competent user (C1) in the class of Spanish as a foreign language.

97-111

Authors: Aliney Santos Gallardo

The purpose of this paper is to describe the main textual variations that the novel Historia de un bribón dichoso has experienced since its first edition until the Cuban edition of 1981, specifically those referring to the omission of a chain of textual constituents. In response to the transdisciplinary requirements that this type of analysis requires, the methods of Textual Criticism, Textology and Linguistics were used. The results show important variations produced by dissimilar textual omissions between the different editions and demonstrates the importance of attending to the tools of textology for a specialized approach to literature.

127-142

Authors: José Luis García Cuevas, Ileana Victoria Salgado Izquierdo, Tania Merino Gómez

In 1810, the University of Berlin was created, as a model of Research University, thanks to strategic thinking and management of Guillermo de Humboldt and with the complement of his brother Alejandro. The Humboldt model would have an important influence, with its adjustments, on the further development of the modern university in Europe and a large part of the world, to the present and also in Cuba. On the other hand, Alejandro de Humboldt is considered the second discoverer of Cuba, he was a contemporary, and friend of the forerunners of important progressive transformations in Cuban higher education, whose legacy and presence is analyzed from the vision of the current Cuban university, humanist, modern, scientific, technological, innovative and developmental.

160-177

Authors: Enrique Moreno Gimeranez, Lauris María Henríquez Arocha

This paper examines the main aspects of Simon Bolivar´s thinking in defense of the independence of Latin America and the Caribbean. The analysis of the Bolivarian ideology confers elements for facing imperialist maneuvers and reinforces the importance of the integration for maintaining the freedom and progress of the Latin American and Caribbean people. Through the study of the circumstances of the social-historical context where the Liberator is formed, his essential postulates about the independence of Venezuela and New Granada, his notable considerations about integration of the peoples of the region expressed in the Charter of Jamaica and the calls of Angostura congress and Panama congress; the validity of Simon Bolivar´s thinking nowadays is demonstrated.

196-209

Authors: Reidel Rodríguez Brito, Jaime Gabriel García Ruiz

The objective of this paper is to evaluate the usefulness of Cuban politics developed in the process of conducting the society by Fidel Castro Ruz for the updating of the Cuban Social Economic Model. From the perspective of Political Economy, some precepts of the ideology of Fidel Castro Ruz are discussed, which serve as a theoretical foundation in the conception of the updating and conceptualization of the Cuban Model. It is based on speeches and interventions by Fidel Castro, the Guidelines of the Economic and Social Policy approved in the VI and VII Congresses of the Communist Party of Cuba, as well as research by other authors regarding the formation of the new man and the values of the revolution. Keywords: Update of the Cuban Economic Model; thought of Fidel Castro.