Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

152 - 156

Authors: L. Hardi Prasetyo, Triana Susanti

In !ndonesia, duck farming plays an important role in meeting the demand for eggs and as an alternative source of income for small farmers . However, the production efficiency of duck farming is still very low because of small ownership and low quality of breeding stock . One way of improving the quality of breeding stock is by using crossbreds from various breeds of local ducks to exploit heterosis which may arise from the crossings . In order to test the performance of Tegal and Mojosari crossbreds, 250 ducks each of Mojosari and Tegal breeds were used and crossed to produce TT (Tegal x Tegal), TM (Tegal x Mojosari), MT (Mojosari x Tegal), and MM (Mojosari x Mojosari) . In this report, observations were taken only during the early gowth and the first egg laying. Results show that crossbreds between Mojosari did and Tegal not show any superiority to the parental breeds on young drakes at early gowth, while on young female ducks, the crossbred TM even showed a smaller body weight gain up to 8 weeks, although still similar to MM. The crossbred MT approached the performance of TT which is higher than TM or MM. This indicates a strong maternal effect, which was also confirmed by the findings on the age at first laying . In this early stage of gowth, there is no significant heterosis among the crossbreds. This confirms that these duck breeds can not be expected as meat producers . Observation of heterosis on components of egg production will describe more of the production potentials of these breeds. Keywords : Duck, crossbreeding

164 - 169

Authors: I-W Mathius, D Lubis, E Wina, D.P Nurhayati, I.G.M Budiarsana

In order to ascertain the effect of additional calcium carbonate into concentrate diet, on the performance of sheep fed ensiled king grass as a basal diet, a trial was conducted using 28 growing sheep ( average body weight 17 _+ 1 .4 kg). Based on body weight, the animals were grouped and randomized into four dietary treatments in block randomized design . Dietary treatments were (i) chopped king grass + 400 g of concentrate, (ii) ensiled king grass + 400 g concentrate + 0 % of calcium carbonate, (iii) ensiled king grass + 400 g concentrate + 5 % calcium carbonate and (iv) ensiled king grass + 400 g concentrate + 10 % calcium carbonate . Results showed that offering 5 % of calcium carbonate into concentrate diet increased (P < 0 .05) dry matter and nutrient intake of silage, but digestibility coefficients were similar (P > 0 .05) for all groups . No differences in the apparent digestibility of the nutrient components were observed, but crude protein decreased significantly (P < 0 .05) . A significant relationship ( P < 0 .01) was found between nitrogen intake (NI) and nitrogen retention (NR), and the equation was NR = - 0.1848 + 0.3788 NI ( r = 0.9 ) . Based on data found that feeding only ensiled king grass as a single diet could not meet the maintenance requirement of energy and protein, therefore, additional energy and crude protein sources is needed . Keywords : Silage, king grass, growing sheep

175 - 180

Authors: Tata Antawidjaja, I.A.K Bintang, A.P Sinurat, I.P Kompiang

study were 14 days old local male duckling . The experimental rations were formulated to contain unfermented or fermented of sago waste at graded level of 5, 10, 15 and 20%. A ration without sago waste was also formulated and used as a control diet . All rations were formulated to be isoprotein and isoenergy, i .e . : 17% crude protein and 2,700 kcal ME/kg, respectively. Feed was pelleted and were given ad libitum. The experimental design used was completely randomized with 4 replicates, and each replicate consisted of 10 ducklings . The trial was conducted until 8 weeks old . The fermentation process could increase the nutrient content in sago waste . The unfermented sago waste could be included up to 5% in ration of duckling . At the higher, the final body weight and body weight gain were lowered as compared to the control ration . The fermentation process could be used up to 10%. The use of sago waste did not affect the feed consumption, percentage of carcass and liver weight significantly . Ration with 15% sago waste product a heavier giblets than the control ration . The use of fermented sago waste at 20% in the ration gave the FCR value higher as compared to control ration . It is necessary to study further the protein quality of fermented sago waste . Keywords: Sago waste, fermentation, male duck

184 - 187

Authors: Indrawati Sendow, Sjamsul Bahri, Antonious Sarosa

Since the early 1980's, a new and highly contagious disease syndrome of pigs, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), has been spreading through major pig producing areas in the world . It is suspected that the disease has occurred in Indonesia.To confirm the presence of PRRS infection in Indonesia, a serological survey in pig was conducted between 1993 and 1995 in some areas in Eastern Indonesia to detect antibodies against PRRS virus using ELISA test . The results indicated that a total of 822 pig sera were tested and 8% of these sera had antibodies against PRRS virus . Pig sera which were collected from slaughter house in Jakarta showing the highest prevalence (30%) of reactor. However, there was no antibody was detected from pig sera originated from Irian Jaya since 1993 . Key words: PRRS, prevalence, ELISA test, antibody

194 - 197

Authors: Sri Poernomo, Indrawati Rumawasz, A Sarosa

old from a breeding farm not far from Bogor. Samples were examined pathologic anatomically (PA) and bacteriologically to isolate the causative agents . The sensitivity of the main causative agents isolated from the samples was tested with some drugs, while its pathogenicity was tested in 3 days old chickens intramuscularly, subcutaneously, intraperitoneally and orally, three chickens per inoculations . Exudative and caseous omphalitis, pericarditis, hepatitis, sirsacculitis, and coxofemoral and knee joints were observed in PA examinations, while on bacteriological examination the main cusative agent, ie. Salmonella Enteritidis was isolated successfully . Drug sensitivity test showed that the pathogen was sensitive to chloramphenicol, baytril, gentamisin, and sulphametoxazole-trimethoprim, and resistant to erythromycin, colistin, streptomycin and kanamycin . On the other hand, pathogenicity test of the isolate showed that all but two chickens which were inoculated orally, were died 24 hours post-inoculation . It was concluded that young broiler chickens of the farm were infected by Salmonella Enteritidis. Keywords : Salmonella Enteritidis infection, broiler chickens, breeding farm

204 - 207

Authors: Soeripto

A trial to increase the number of colonies and coloured antigen yield of Mycoplasma gallisepticum in mycoplasma broth medium was conducted by comparing the use of normal medium, medium with sodium pyruvate and medium with sodium hydroxide. The result showed that medium with §odium pyruvate had increased the number of colonies and antigen yield and was highly significant different (P< 0.01) compared to both normal medium and medium with sodium hydroxide. Medium with sodium hydroxide produced the number of colonies and antigen yield lower than medium with sodium pyruvate, but higher and was highly significant different (P< 0.01) compared to the normalmedium. Key words: Sodium pyruvate, sodium hydroxide, Mycoplasma gallisepticum antigen

84 - 91

Authors: I-Wayan Mathius, M Martawidjaja, A Wilson, T Manurung

Fourty, thin-tail lambs (mean BW 13 .8 ± 1 .1 kg) were used in an experiment to measure energy and protein requirements. Lambs were divided into four dietary treatments in a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial design in which the factors were sex (male vs female), energy levels (high vs low) and crude protein (high vs low) . Metabol izable energy (ME) and crude protein (CP) requirements were measured by regression technique, using data collected during the experiment . Results showed that combination of low protein and high energy diet gave the highest response, i.e . 112 g daily gain with better feed convertion, i .e . 5 .4 . Equation models developed to predict ME and CP requirements were EM (MJ/head) = -11 .9266 - 0 .6487 BW °." (kg) + 38 .48 ADG (kg) + 4 .6887 log ME/CP (J/g) and CP (kg/head) = 8 .14766 - 0.10642 BW "5 (kA+ 6 .05777 ADG (kg) - 1 .39541 log ME/CP (J/g) . Predicted ME and CP requirement, for maintenance were 482 kJ/kg BW 0.75 and 5 .14g/kg BW 5 respectively . Key words: Energy, crude protein, sheep, growing phase

96 - 101

Authors: Budi Tangendjaja, I.A.K Bintang

Two feeding experiments have been conducted to test the different sources of soybean meal (local, India, USA) and the partial substitution with peanut meal (10%), rapeseed meal (5%) and fish meal (5%) in the diet for broiler. The first feeding experiment was carried out on broiler starter for 4 weeks in wire cages . Twelve rations in factorial design (3 x 4) were conducted using 6 birds/cage and replicated 6 times . Birds fed India soybean meal had significantly less body weight (1,000 g) than those fed local or USA soybean meals (1,037 and 1,023 g, respectively) . Partial substitution with peanut, rapeseed or fish meal did not affect body weight, feed consumption or feed/gain ratio . The average consumption and feed/gain were 1,535 g and 1,569, respectively . In second experiment, one thousand five hundred broiler chicks were allocated in 6 dietary treatments in factorial design (3 x 2) . Factor one was different sources of soybean meal (local, India and USA) and factor two was the inclusion of peanut meal at 0 and 10%. Birds were kept on litter system for 6 weeks . Each treatment used 5 replicates and 50 birds/replicate . The results show no effect of the treatment to any parameter measured . Body weight of bird fed local, India and USA soybean meal were 1,662, 1,641 and 1,669 g and feed/gain were 2 .043, 2 .051 and 2.035, respectively . Cost analysis indicates that ration uses local soybean meal gives a higher cost than those of India and USA soybean meals. Key words : Soybean meal, peanut meal, rapeseed meal, fish meal, broiler

110 - 113

Authors: Simon P Ginting, K.R Pond

Grazing cycle beyond parasite survival time can reduce the level of parasite contamination, but at the same time it may depress the quality of available forage for animal production . A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of grazing management systems on the production and quality of Brachiaria brizantha and the performance of lamb grazing this pasture . A total of 72 male lambs aged from 3 to 4 months were used . The lambs were divided into 3 groups and randomly allocated to receive one of the following grazing treatments : GMl-pastures were grazed for 6 weeks and then rested for 6 weeks, GM2-pastures were grazed for 1 week and then rested for 6 weeks, and GM3-pastures were grazed for 12 weeks and then rested for 12 weeks . The herbage mass measured before and after grazing was greatest (P<0.01) forGM3. Canopy compositions before grazing as not different (P>0 .10) among the three grazing methods, while after grazing, the proportion of stem fraction was highest and leaf fraction was lowest for GM3 (P<0 .01) . The in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of plucked samples were not different (P>0 .10) among the grazing methods. The crude protein (CP) concentration was lower (P<0 .05) for GM3 as compared for GM 1 and GM2, and a difference of two percentage unitmay be of biological important. The changes in IVDMD and CP concentration of the plucked samples collected throughout grazing cycle remained reasonably steadily . Average daily gains (ADG) were low and not different (P>0 .10) across grazing treatment and ranged from 29 to 35 g. It was concluded that a 12-week grazing cycle while could increase the herbage mass of Brachiaria brizantha did not decrease feed intake, the digestibility and the crude protein concentration of the consumed forage . Therefore, this gazing system could be considered as a means to control parasite establishment on pastures. Key words : Grazing systems, herbage mass, forage quality, sheep

120 - 126

Authors: Rini Damayanti

A study was carried out to detect the phenotype ofT cell subsets in six Bali cattle affected with malignant catarrhal fever (MCF). This was performed by means of immunohistochemical technique using avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex methods. Seven monoclonal antibodies against lymphocyte surface antigen were used to detect T cell subsets ie . CD1, CD2, CD4, CD5, CD8, CD45, and WC 1. The results showed that the subsets were all detected either in the MCFor non-MCF infected Bali cattle lymph nodes. However, CD8 was more predominantly occupied in the MCF Bali cattle . This indicated that CD8 was a cytotouic Tlymphocytes and acted as potential mediators for immunopathological process in MCF. Keywords : Malignant catarrhal fever, Tlymphocyte subsets, Bali cattle, immunohistochemical technique

132 - 136

Authors: Sri Poernomo, A Sarosa

Pasteurella multocida, the etiological agent of fowl cholera, was isolated from five, 32 days oldbroilerchickens in the late of 1992. The chickens were from a farm located in Bogor area, raised in cages and each flock consisted of 1,550 broilers . Therewere 230 birds, aging from 28-31 days old, died with clinical signs of lameness and difficulty in breathing. Serological test of the isolate revealed serotype Aof Carter classification . To prove its virulences, the isolate was then inoculated into 3 mice subcutaneously. The mice died less then 24 hours postinoculation and P. multocida can be reisolated . The sensitivity test to antibiotics and sulfa preparations showed that the isolate was sensitive to ampicillin, doxycyclin, erythromycin, gentamycin, sulfamethoxazol-trimethoprim and baytril, but resistance to tetracyclin, kanamycin and oxytetracyclin. This is the first report of P. multocida isolation in broiler chickens in Indonesia, and it is intended to add information on bacterial diseases in poultry in Indonesia. Keywords : Pasteurella multocida, isolation, broiler chickens, antibiotics

11 - 16

Authors: N.M Artiningsihi, B Purwantara, R.K Achjadi, I-K Sutama

The incidence of twins and/or multiple births in 20 heads of young Etawah-cross does was studied following oestrous synchronization using intravaginal sponges containing 60 mg medroxyprogesterorle acetate (Repromap) for 15 days . Twenty four hours priorto sponges withdrawal, the does were injected with pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) at dose rates of 0 (Group A), 10 (Group B), 15 (Group C) and 20 iu/kg (Group D) body weight. Amature buck fitted with an apron was used to detect the onset of oestrus at every four hours. The oestrous doe was naturally mated twice, 12 hours after onset of oestrus and 10 hours later. About 3-5 days after oestrus, all does were subjected to mid-ventral laparoscopy to detect ovulation rate . Two months after mating all does were subjected to pregnancy test using diagnostic ultrasonography. Results showed that all does exhibited clear sign of oestrus. The onset of oestrus occurred 15-43 hours after sponges withdrawal or 39-59 hours after PMSG injection. Does injected with PMSG (Groups B, C and D) showed oestrus 16-21 hours earlier (P<0.05), and it was 1 .6-4.8 hours longer (P>0 .05) than that of control (Group A) . However, there was no significant differences among the PMSG-treated groups . Ovulation rates increased from 1.0 in Group Ato 1.8 in Group B and 2.6 in bah Groups Cand D. Average litter size in Groups A, B, C and D were 1.0, 1.8, 2.4 and 1.0, respectively. It was concluded that injection of 15 iu PMSG/kg body weight gave the best result for increasing litter size in young Etawah-cross does . Key words: Etawah-cross, PMSG, synchronization, reproduction

22 - 32

Authors: Pram Mahyudin, E Teleni

Glucose (GER), Urea (UER) and C02 (C02 ER) entry rates were studied at four points in the growth curve viz: before feed restriction (PI) after 8 weeks of feed restriction (P2), after 3 weeks (P3) and 15 weeks (P4) following resumption ofad libitum feeding. Sixteen Merino wethers were used and offerred pelleted lucerne (Medicago sativa) ad libitum for 3 weeks; then they were divided into 2 groups of eight. Group I continued to be fed ad libitum and Group 11 was fed pelleted lucerne at half maintenance level for 8 weeks and then fed ad libitum until the end of experiment. During feed restriction (P2), UER, urinary urea and urea transferred from the blood to the gut were 74% lower in group II than those in group I due to the reduction of N intake . At P2 GER and C02ER were also lower (53% and 56%, respectively) because of the reduction of available glucose precursor and metabolic rate. Similarly AV concentration difference of glucose, glucose taken up by the hind-limb muscle and the percentage of glucose taken up by muscle that was oxidised were reduced by 52%, 86% and 48%, respectively . When animals resumed ad libitum feeding, the components of urea entry rate (except plasma urea concentration), GER and C02ER were markedly increased indicating A switch to the anabolic mode, followed by increased glucose taken up and oxidised by the hind-limb muscle . The significance of glucose in muscle metabolism during compensatory growth was shown in the dramatic increase in the actual rate of glucose oxidation per unit muscle weight . It appears that the priority of usage of glucose taken up by muscle during compensatory growth is for oxidation to both C02 and lactate. Key words: Glucose entry rate, C02 entry rate, plasma urea

38 - 41

Authors: Lies Parede, Risa Indriani, Sukarsih

Gumboro (infectious bursal disease, IBD) virus was isolated from darkling beetles (Carrinaps pumilin) and their larvae in a commercial pulletchicken farm with repeated outbreaks incidence of Gumboro disease in Tangertng, West Java. In addition, these over populated beetles and their larvae were suspected to be infected and then shed the virus or acted as vectors. Isolation was done by repeated passages of virus using chicken embryo fibroblast cells as prime media, which then showed the evidence of cylop: ihic effecis. The isolation was followed by antigen detection by means of ELISA test. Key words: Gumboro disease, infectious bursal disease, darkling beetle, Carcinops punulin

50 - 53

Authors: Siti Chotiah, Sobironingsih

A total of 104 pig's lung samples with pneumonic lesions were collected from Kapuk abattoir in West Jakarta and piggeries in Tangerang, West Java. Isolation and identification of pathogenic bacteria and mycoplasmas of the lung were carried out and Mycoplarma sp . was isolated from 9 (8.7%) samples, Pacteurella multocida from 5 (4.8%)samples, and Bordetella brornrhiseptica from 2 (1 .9%) samples while the test of the samples were negative . Histopathological examination were also carried out and the lesions were found on 30 (28.8%) samples for Bordetella sp., 6 (5 .8%) samples for Mycoplarma sp ., 16 (15.4%) samples for Mycoplarma sp . in combination with Bordetella sp ., 25 (24.0%) samples for Mycoplavma sp . in combination with Pacteurella sp. and 27 (26.0 %) samples were judged to be normal . All microorganisms were found 68 .7% and 72.7% from apical lobes of the lung by bacteriological and histopathological examinations respectively . Keywords: Mycoplavma sp ., Pacteurella nrulttwida, Bordetella brimrhiseprica, pneumonia, pig

60 - 65

Authors: Supar

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains cause diarrhoeal disease in piglets and calves in Indonesia. These strains possess two virulence factors namely attachment and enterotoxin antigens . These factors could be detected phenotypically and genetically. Haemolytic Escherichia coli (E coli) isolates possessing K88 fimbrial antigen associated with 0-group 108 and 149. They were positive for K88 gene and demonstrated their ability to produce heat labile enterotoxin (LT) and genetically were all positive for LT gene . Seventeen isolates ofE coli K88 which associated with 0-group 149 were positive forSTb gene, other O-serotypes were negative . Ten isolates of Ecoli K88 which associated with 0-group 108 possessed K88, K99, LT and STa genes, but negative for STb gene . However, phenotypically the K99 antigen and STa toxin were not expressed under laboratory conditions, the reason was not well understood . E. coli K99 strains isolated from calves wit h diarrhoea were all associated with 0-group 9 and produced STa toxin when tested by suckling mousse bioassay. The E. coli K99 calf isolates were all hybridized with K99 and STa gene only . It is likely that K99 gene is associated with STa gene . The DNA hybridization technique is more convenience to be used for confirmation diagnosis of colibacillosis, however, not all veterinary laboratories could perform these tests . Keywords: Excherichia coli, probe, gene detection, virulence determinant

73 - 75

Authors: Kayoko Matsumoto

A serological survey of antibodies to Toxoplarma gondii using latex agglutination test (LAT) was carried out from February to March 1995 in several areas ofLampung province, Sumatra, Indonesia, with seropositivity of 2.5% in 80 layers and 6 .0% in 50 village chickens . The test results were determined positive for T. gondii infection if the antibody titres were more than 1 :64 Key words : Toxoplarma gondii, antibody, latex agglutination test, chicken, Lampung province

149 - 154

Authors: Endang Tri Margawati

The period of in vitro maturation,~20 vs 24 hours) with of without supplementation of :,~uk_ni;ia inhib toryy factor (LIF) (0, 500, 1000 or 2000 U/ml) was studied on bovine embryo development in vitro in a 2 x 4 factotial experiment w id oestgnoo i, a randomized block design . A total of 870 bovine oocytes were used . Besides embryo development, cell numbers of blastocysts v. : ;re also co , mted in order to study the quality of the embryos . Oocytes were matured in a modified TCM199 medium containing 10 ug/nil of FS-14 and LP., I 1~ t1L rstradiol, fertilized in TALP and cultured in SOF/AABSA medium. There was no interaction between maturation periods and LIF doses on embryo development (P>0 .05). Maturation periods, however, affected (P<0.05) blastocyst rates but did not for cleavage o, oocytes and the percentage of oocytes that developed into blastocysts . LIF doses during in vitro maturation did not affect embryo development (P>0 .05) . Cell numbers of blastocysts were also not affected by maturation periods and LIF doses (P<0 .05), however 20 h in vitro maturation and supplementation of LIF doses tended to increase the cell numbers. This study suggests that 20 h maturation increases blastocyst rates and that supplementation with LIF during maturation does not affect the quality of embryos produced in vitro. Key words : in vitro fertilization, oocyte, cleavage, blastocyst, cell numbers of blastocyst

161 - 168

Authors: A.P. Sinurat, P. Setiadi, T. Purwadaria, A.R. Setioko, Jinadasa Dharma

An experiment was conducted to study the metabolizable nutrients of fermented and non-fermented coconut meal for ducks. The study was also followed by a feeding trial on male ducklings. Assay on the metabolizability of nutrients (energy, protein, dry matter, and phosphorus) of the feedstuffs were conducted by total collection method. Results of the study showed that the metabolizable-energy, protein, dry matter and phosphorus of non-fermented coconut meal were 1,667 Kcal/kg, 31 .3%, 60% and 23%, as compared to 2,473 Kcal/kg, 36.3%, 63.2% and 36.1% for the fermented coconut meal, respectively. The feeding trial was designed to study the tolerance of ducklings to fermented or non-fermented coconut meal at 0, 10, 20 and 30% in the diet . Results showed that non-fermented coconut meal can be included in the diet of ducklings up to 30% with no growth depression . The use of fermented coconut meal at 10%, 20% or 30% depress growth of ducklings at early stage of growth (until 5 weeks of age), with no effect on feed consumption. The growth depression, however was not observed at older age. Based on the final body weight and feed conversion ratio it is recommended that the fermented coconut meal should not be included more than 20% in the diet of male ducklings . Keywords: Coconut meal, fermentation, ducks

174 - 177

Authors: Lies Pardede, Ngekep Ginting

Indirect enzyme-linked inununosorbent assay (ELISA) was standardised using vaccine strain to detect antibody respons raised to swollen head syndrome (SHS) . This technique can be used as an alternative serologic test due to its quickness, simple and relatively cheap. Besides, it would be suitable as a preliminary test before using serum neutralisation test (SNT) for reassuring diagnosis which takes time and costly for developing poultry industries. Key words: Antibody titre ; swollen head syndrome ; indirect ELISA

185 - 189

Authors: Agus Sudibyo, Facriyan H Pasaribu, I.W.T. Wibawan, Endhie Setiawan

Live vaccine of Brucella abortus strain 19 has been used for prevention and eradication of brucellosis in cattle . The information of the use of this vaccine in Indonesia is still limited, while the effectivity, bacteriological and serological aspects of the vaccine are not much evaluated yet. The objective of this research is to study the differences of protein cell wall antigenicity profiles between B. abortus strain 19, strain 544 and field isolates. Protein cell wall was prepared by sonicafion of B. abortus S19, S544 and B. abortus field isolates biotype l, 2 and 3 . Antiserum against these B. abortus was prepared in cattle . Futhermore, the distribution of protein band was determined by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), while protein antigenic profiles was examined by immunoblotting . The result showed that there was no significant different amongs protein cell wall of these B. abortus. From the antigenicity profiles exhibited that cattle vaccinated with B. abortus S19, no antibody was detected against protein less than 30 kDa. The other side natural infected or experimental infected cattle with B. abortus biotype 1 field isolate, antibody was detected until protein which has molecular weight about 15 kDa. Key words: Brucella abortus, antigenic protein, immunoblotting

194 - 199

Authors: Sri Poernomo, E. Juarini

Fowl colibacillosis or colisepticaemia is commonly caused by Eschercia coli serotypes OIKI, 02Kt, and O7sKgo . To understand the distribution of these three serotypes of E. coli in poultry breeding farms in Indonesia, samples were collected from surveyed areas of Jakarta, Bogor, Tengerang, Bekasi and Sukabumi, West Java, Central Java, East Java, Bali, North Sumatera, Lampung, West Kalimantan and South Sulawesi . A total of 2,454 samples which consisted of 1,413 organs of sick birds, 398 feed, 336 drinking water and 307 litter, were collected throughout the surveyed areas . The specimens were then examined bacteriologically toward the presence of E. coli . As many as 950 E. coli isolates consisting of 85 (9 .0%) OIKI ; 489 (51 .5%) 02KI ; 101 (10.6%) 078K8o, and 275 (28.9%) of other serotypes were isolated from the samples . Key word : Escherichia coli, colibacillosis, chicken

206 - 211

Authors: Rini Damayanti

Surveys were conducted in five private slaughterhouses in Bogor district to reveal the histopathological prevalence rates of malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) cases in buffaloes . The study was carried out from 1992-1994 in five sub-districts, namely: Ciawi, Caringin, Cijeruk, Megamendung and Cisatua, covering 47 villages . Thirty- two samples (18 .1%) from a total of 177 were histologically being positive for MCF, although the distribution and the severity of lesions were varied amongst them . From those 32 cases examined, lesions observed in the rete mirabile, lung, kidney, liver, urinary bladder, spleen, abomasum, heart, and small intestine were as follows : 84.4%, 77 .3%, 65 .6%, 53 .1%, 28.196, 18 .8%, 9 .4%, 9 .1%, and 3.1% respectively. Keywords : Malignant catarrhal fever, swamp buffalo, prevalence, lession distribution, histopathology

81 - 85

Authors: I. Ketut Sutama, I.G.M Budiarsana, H. Setiyanto, A. Priyanti

Productive and reproductive performances of 85 heads of Ettawah-cross (Peranakan Ettawah or PE) does at first breeding were studied at the Research Institute for Animal Production, Bogor . They were fed freshly-chopped King grass (Pennisetum put7xtreophoides) and corn-husk (2 :1) ad libitum and concentrate feed was given at a rate of 300 - 400 g/head/day . During the last month of the pregnancy and lactation period the amount of concentrate feed was increased to 500 - 700 g/head/day . Sixty-five does were in pre-pubertal stage and 86 .2% reached puberty at liveweights between 16 - 21 .8 kg (mean 18 .8 t 0 .4 kg) which is about 60% of mature liveweight . Oestrus without ovulation was found in 6% of the animals which has contributed on the relatively low conception rate (64 .7%) . A high pre-weaning mortality of kids born (37 .5 %) caused production inefficiency that suggests the challenge to improve management practices . Milk yield of PE does varied widely (0 .3 - 0 .8 kg/day), hence, there is a chance for improvement towards increasing milk production in Indonesia through well planned selection program. Key words: Goat, Ettawah-cross, reproduction, milk

89 - 93

Authors: Prapti Mahyuddin

The effect of oestradiol 17 B was tested in 10 buffaloes, weighing approximately 242 kg . They were fed elephant grass ad libitum plus concentrate feed at a rate of 1 % body weight, and were randomly divided into 2 groups of 5, the treated and control groups . The treated group animals were implanted with a long acting oestradiol-silicone rubber on the left ear for 200 days . Oestradiol treated-buffaloes showed a significant increase in liveweight gain (0.89 vs 0 .68 kg/d) and feed conversion ratio (9 .2 vs 11 .2) . Certainly it has a significant economic advantage in using this growth promotant . Key words : Oestradiol, feed conversion ratio, buffalo

99 - 104

Authors: Agus Wiyono, Antonius Sarosa, Maria Goeng

A total of 4,977 sera from a sentinel cattle in West and East Nusa Tenggara were tested for antibody against BHV-1, the causal agent of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR). These sera were collected between June 1990 and June 1993, and were tested by using serum neutralization test (SNT). Out of these sera, 3,713 were suitable for IBR SNT. A total of 349 sera (10.4%) reacted. IBR reactors were more prevalent in East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) than in West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) . Based on this survey, it is concluded that antibodies against IBR virus are present among cattle in East and West Nusa Tenggara . Keywords : SNT, BHV-1, IBR, sentinel cattle

114 - 116

Authors: B.A.H. Zainal Abidin

The presence of parasitic protozoa and haematological values of the Malaysianjungle fowl (Gallus gallus spadiceus) were determined from 41 fowls obtained from a palm oil estate . Five blood parasites (Plasmodium juxtanucleare, P. gallinaceum, Leucocytozoon sabrazesi, L. caulleryi, and Trypanosoma sp .) and four coccidia species (Eimeria mitis, E. tenella, E. maxima, andE. brunetu) were identified . It was also found that the general blood picture of the fowl was quite similar to that of the domesticated chicken. These results seem to indicate that there was no apparent relationship between the haematological values and the presence of the parasites in the blood. Key words: jungle fowl, Gallus gallus spadiceus, haematological values, parasitic protozoa

123 - 128

Authors: Sukardi Hastiono, Rini Damayanti, Djaenudin Gholib

Two cases of aspergillosis in Javan Hawk-eagle (Spizaetus banelsi) from Safari Garden of Indonesia, Cisarua, Bogor, have been reported . Specimens of lungs, airsacs, livers, spleens, kidneys, and intestines were examined mycologically and pathologically . Mycological examination revealed in the isolation of the causative agents from lungs and airsacs, ie . Aspergillus niger from one bird, and Aspergillusfianigarus from the other one . Pathological anatomy examination showed formation of yellowish white miliary nodule lesions, especially in the lungs and airsacs, while histopathological examination showed congestion and granulomatous tissue formation in the lungs, ie . specific lesion of mycotic infection with necrotic zone in the centre, surrounded by lymphocytes, macrophages, fibrin, and fungal hyphae . Pathological changes of the other organs were also described . These findings were the first officially description of aspergillosis cases in these carnivorous birds . Key words: Javan Hawk-eagle, Spizaetus battelsi, aspergillosis, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus

136 - 142

Authors: Yulvian Sani, Sjamsul Bahri

The purpose of this study was to investigate pathological and biochemical changes in intoxication of mindi leaf (Melia azedarach) on skeletal muscle and myocardial tissues . Fifty two male Wistar rats weighing 140 g to 240 g were intoxicated in 20%; 25% and 40% diet of mindi leaf ad libitwn for 25 days . Clinical signs did not appear the intoxication of mindi leaf. Specific pathological changes were not found macroscopically except cachexia and paleness . Skeletal muscle lesions on the other hand, were consistently noted microscopically . There were degeneration, necrosis and fragmentation of muscle fibres ; enlargement of nuclei ; fibrosis; oedema and hyalination . The hyalination was prominent and appeared to be more. progressive two weeks after dosing . Following the skeletal muscle lesions, myocardial showed degeneration, necrosis and fragmentation of fibres ; enlargement of nuclei and hypercellularity . Regeneration of skeletal muscle developed on day-5 after the substitution of mindi diet by normal diet indicated by disappearing of hyalin tissues . But, myocardial appeared to be regenerated two days after the substitution of diet . Enzymatic activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALAI) and aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) were not affected. Both enzymes in treated animals were lower than the control . The substitution of diet showed an increased of enzymatic activities during the first two weeks of feeding then reduced at the subsequent weeks . However, these enzymes increased on day-3 after substitution and appeared to maximum followed by a reduction of enzymatic activities in week-4 . On the other hand, creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) was affected in which higher level was noted in treated groups than control . Substitution of diet has led to the reduction of cpc level on day-2 and appeared to reach the same level as in control group on day-21 . The control group was not affected either clinically, pathologically or biochemically . It remained normal throughout the experimental period . Key words : Melia azedarach, intoxication, pathology, biochemistry, skeletal muscle, myocardial