Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

7 - 12

Authors: Herdis ., B Purwantara, I Supriatna, I.G Putu

Sperm of swamp buffalo bulls is easily damaged during freezing process. Acrosomal intact and plasma membrane intact is important factors in fertilization process. This experiment was aimed to study the effect of freezing method on sperm integrity. The result of experiment indicated that the mean of intact acrosomal and the intact plasma membrane for 4 hours of equilibration (52.24 ± 3.70% and 54.34 ± 4.80%) was significant higher (P<0.05) than 2 hours of equilibration (39.00 ± 3.32% and 43.44 ± 4.91%) but was not significantly difference (P>0.05) with 6 hours of equilibration (47.92 ± 4.51% and 51.58 ± 4.25%). There were not significance difference between one step and two step of glycerolization. The best sperm integrity was resulted by freezing method with 4 hours of equilibration and two steps glicerolization. Key words : Swamp buffalo bulls, sperm integrity, freezing process

20 - 27

Authors: Simon P Ginting, Aron Batubara, Endang Romjali, M Rangkuti, Subandriyo

A study was conducted to evaluate the responses of lambs on the infection of Haemonchus contortus and the level of energy supplements. Forty eight male lambs, 3-4 months old were used in a factorial experimental design (2x2x2) which lasted for 9 weeks. The factors were breed (Local Sumatra and Sungai Putih: 50% Local Sumatra, 25% St. Croix; 25% Barbados Blackbelly), level of Haemonchus infection (3,000 L3 and 1,500 L3 per week) and level of energy supplement (2,900 kcal/kg DM and 2,300 kcal/kg DM). Infection at 3,000 L3 decreased (P<0.05) ADG of lambs of both energy levels. An extremely low ADG (10-16 g) was observed in 3000 L3 group given low energy level. Body condition of lambs fed high energy level was constant over the experiment, but it decreased at the rate of 0.9 to 1.1 unit at the low energy supplement. EPG was higher (P>0.001) in the 3000 L3 group, was lower (P<0.05) in the Local Sumatra, but not affected (P>0.10) by energy level. PCV was not affected (P>0.10) by infection levels, but lower (P<0.01) in the low energy group or in the St Croix crosses. Eosinophil and serum protein concentration were not affected by energy and infection level, but they were higher (P<0.01) in the local Sumatra. It was concluded that strong effects of level of infection and genotype was detected to influence the impact of Haemonchus infection in lambs. However, the effect of energy levels was less consistent as judged from the EPG, PCV, eosinophil and serum protein data. Key words : Energy level, genotype, infection level, Haemonchus contortus, lambs

35 - 47

Authors: Supar ., B Peorwadikarta, Nina Kurniasih, Djaenuri

Escherichia coli isolates showing alpha hemolytic on blood agar were found in calves with bloody diarrhoea from Bandung, Sukabumi and Bogor. Three E. coli isolates designated as (B34c, B909, B910) were pathogenic for mice and selected for vaccine candidates. Crude supernatant of tryptic soy broth (TSB) cultures precipitated with saturated ammoniumsulphate caused cytopathic effect on vero cell line. For vaccine preparation the isolates were grown on tryptic soy agar (TSA). Whole cell inactive vaccine containing equal proportion of each isolate was prepared and emulsified in aluminum hydroxide gel at a final concentration of 1.5% and cell concentration equal to the tube number 10 of MacFarland standard. Mice and rabbits were injected subcutaneously of monovalent vaccine with the dose of 0.2 ml and 1 ml respectively. Four weeks later mice or rabbits were boostered with the same dose. Before injection each animal was bleed, subsequently every two weeks period up to 4 weeks after the second injection. The sera were separated and kept at -20oC up to serological assay with an enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA) was done. Vaccinated mice with VTEC were challenged with homologous isolate did not die, where as 60% of unvaccinated mice died within 2 days post challenged. Pregnant cows were given 2 doses of three valent vaccine 6 weeks and again 2 weeks before expected date of calving. Calves born were given colostrum and milk of the own mother. The three day old calf was challenged with three isolates of verotoxigenic E. coli studied. Calves born from vaccinated cows did not show diarrhoea at post challenged, whereas calf from unvaccinated cow demonstrated bloody diarrhoea at post challenged. From the experimental animals (mice and calves) demonstrated the presence of protection against challenged. The antiverotoxic antibody probably involved in important role of immunoprotection. These were supported by the presence of high titer anti verotoxic antibody in serum of experimental animals (mice and cows), as well as in experimental rabbits, but none in the unvaccinated animals. Key words: E. coli, alpha hemolytic, verotoxic, dysentery, vaccine

55 - 59

Authors: S Widjajanti

The effect of artificial dehydration on snail Lymnaea rubiginosa was investigated in the laboratory by monitoring its survival and development, because as aquatic organism, this snail must be able to adapt or tolerate with the changes in its habitat. Fifty laboratory-reared L. rubiginosa with shell length between 1.0-1.5 cm (adult) were placed in each sloping earth aquarium (60x80x20 cm) which were already filled with water about 15 cm depth. Five aquaria were used in this study, and one week after being established the water from 4 aquaria was drained while one aquarium was retained with water as a control. The water was replaced in one of dehydrated aquarium each week for four weeks, commencing one week after draining the water. The survival of snails in each aquarium were recorded every two days over a period of 3 months. The results indicated that the mortality rate of adult snails increased as the period of dehydration increased. After four week dehydration only 16% of adult snails survive compared to 68% survival in the control aquarium, and dehydration for 4 weeks prolonged the hatching time of eggs. Moreover, in dehydrated aquaria, the egg masses were deposited in a random pattern on the surface of the soil, whereas in the control aquarium they were laid on the soil-water junction. Key words : Dehydration, Lymnaea rubiginosa, survival, fasciolosis

65 - 70

Authors: Sri Rachmawati, zainal Arifin, Paderi Zahari

Indonesian climate condition is suitable for growing of mold such as Aspergillus flavus. The mold grown in feed and feed ingredients cause aflatoxins contamination of the feed. Sambiloto has been reported to reduce the growth of Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxins production in feed isolate. The aim of the study was to find the used of sambiloto in reducing aflatoxins contamination in commercial chicken feed. The feed was homogenously mixed then divided into 4 groups with 3 replicates. The samples were treated with sambiloto 0.04%, 0.08% and 0.16% respectively into the feed, except for the control feed sambiloto was not added. Into these feed 4 ml of Aspergillus flavus suspension was also added. Then the feed in each group was incubated at room temperature for 10 days. Samples were collected from each group at days 0, 5 and 10 of incubation times for aflatoxins analysis. Samples were extracted and aflatoxins were detected by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Observation results indicated that sambiloto concentration of 0.16% in feed can inhibit the total aflatoxins production of 16.46% and gave the inhibitation percentage of aflatoxin B1 of 45.39%. Statistical test showed that the used of sambiloto in feed for 5 days incubation times gave significant result in reducing aflatoxins production. However the 10 days incubation times of the feed with sambiloto gave in significant result. It is suggested that to get optimum inhibition of aflatoxins production, sambiloto added in feed should be higher than 0.16%. Key words : Feed, aflatoxin, sambiloto

218 - 224

Authors: Bambang Setiadi, Kusuma Diwyanto

Morphological characterization of Madura cattle in Madura islands was done as an input for "action plans" of national animals genetic resources management according to the global system ofFAO. Assessments were done in Sumenep District and Pamekasan District, East Java. According to the body measurements, Madura cattle can be classified as a small to medium type with withers height of about 120 cm. Because of potential productivity in the limitation of environmental resources, Madura cattle can be classified as a "superior" cattle . Body measurements of Madura cattle in the present study were relatively the same with those of 50 years ago, indicating that there is no breeding improvement activities except natural selection . The variability of body measurements is relatively narrow . Improving productivity by outbreeding is needed . To conserve the unique germ plasm of the Indonesian genotype, such as Madura cattle and a possibility to improve their productivity by a complete prevention of cross breeding in the Madura islands needs further evaluation . Keywords: Madura cattle, morphological characteristic, conservation

233 - 236

Authors: Bambang Sunadi, I-K Sutama, I-G.M Budiarsana

Thirty six Etawah Grade (PE) goats were treated with three type of mating managements, i.e. mated at the first oestrous (A), mated at the second oestrous (B), and mated at the third oestrous (C) after parturition, respectively . Results showed that average first estrous was 56 days (26-99 d) after parturition with estrous cycle of 21 days . Conception rate at the first and second oestrous mating managements (A and B) were 50 and 70%, respectively . Variability of birth weight (3,4 - 3,5 kg) under three mating managements were not significantly different (P>0 .05), but the weaning weight of kids of B (16 .4 kg) was higher (P<0.05) than A (11 .8 kg) and C (12.9 kg), respectively. Does productivity (total weaning weight) was not significantly affected by mating management, i.e. at fisrt, second or third oestrous after parturition . Keywords : Goats, mating management, productivity

242 - 249

Authors: Siti Yuhaeni, N.P Suratmini, N.D Purwantari, T Manurung, E Sutedi

A study to evaluate the effect of different grass species and row spacing of gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium) on the growth and biomass production of forages in an alley cropping system was conducted in two different agroclimatical zones i.e. Bogor, located at 500 m a .s .l . with an average annual rainfall of 3,112 nun/year and Sukabumi located at 900 m a .s .l . with an average annual rainfall of 1,402 mm/year . Both locations have low N, P, and K content and the soil is classified as acidic. The experimental design used was a split plot design with 3 replicates . The main plots were different grass species i.e. king grass (Pennisetum purpureum x P. typhoides) and elephant grass (P. purpureum). The sub plots were the row spacing of gliricidia at 2, 3, 4, 6 m (1 hedgerows) and 4 m (2 hedgerows). The results indicated that the growth and biomass production of grasses were significantly affected (P<0 .05) by the treatments in Bogor. The highest biomass productions was obtained from the 2 m row spacing which gave the highest dry matter production of grasses (1 .65 kg/hill) and gliricidia (0 .086 kg/tree) . In Sukabumi the growth and biomass production of grasses and gliricidia were also significantly affected by the treatments . The highest dry matter production was obtained with 2 m row spacing (dry matter of grasses and gliricidia were 1 .12 kg/hill and 0 .026 kg/tree, respectively) . The result further indicated that biomass production of forages increased with the increase in gliricidia population. The alley cropping system wich is suitable for Bogor was the 2 m row spacing of gliricidia intercropped with either king or elephant grass and for Sukabumi 2 and 4 m (2 rows of gliricidia) row spacing intercropped with king or elephant grass . Keywords : Alley cropping, grasses, legumes, row spacin

258 - 262

Authors: Indrawati Sendow

antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a specific anti-bluetongue virus group was applied to detect bluetongue viral antigen . The test was specific for bluetongue viruses and did not detect the closely related epizootic haemorrhagic disease of deer viruses (EHDV) and other orbiviruses . It was easy to perform and could be established in laboratories which have simple facilities . The antigen-capture ELISA technique is an alternative method to agar gel immunodiffusion and immuno-dot blotting tests to detect bluetongue antigen in infected tissues, Vero cells, Aedes albopictus cells and BHK-21 cell cultures . Keywords : ELISA, monoclonal antibody, antigen detection, BT

267 - 269

Authors: Sri Poernomo, Sutarma Sutarma, Sang Ayu Ketut Dewi Silawatri

An agar disc diffusion method was used to examine the sensitivity of 27 Haemophilus paragallinarum (Hpg) isolates consisted of 23 local isolates, 4 standard isolates (serotype A) and Escherichia coli ATCC 24922 as a control to eight antimicrobial drugs (ampicillin, erythromycin, oxytetracycline, doxycycline, neomycin, streptomycin, colistine and sulphanlethoxazole-trimethoprim) . Twenty one out of 23 local isolates of Hpg were sensitive to doxycycline, 19 isolates to ampsllin, 18 isolates to oxytetracycline, 17 isolates to sulphametoxazole-trimethoprim, 16 isolates to erythromycin, and 13 isolates to neomycin, while 13 isolates were resistance to colistine and 11 isolates were also resistance to streptomycin . Keywords : Haemophilus paragallinarum, chicken, coryza, sensitivity test, antimicrobial drug

277 - 282

Authors: Salfina A Hamdan, D.D Siswansyah

A study on the pathogenicity of various isolates of coccidia (Eimeria tenella) was carved out in village chickens . The isolates were collected from different districts, namely Hulu Sungai Selatan (HSS), Hulu Sungai Tengah (HST), Tapin, and Tanah Laut, South Kalimantan . The result showed that the pathogenicity of E. tenella isolated from two weeks old chickens in HSS district was higher than isolates from the other three districts of the same age of chickens . Further study showed that the isolates of E. tenella from HSS district appeared to cause mortality rates of 64 .3%, 42 .9%, 28 .6%, and 7 .1%, and caecal lesions scores of +4, +3, +2, and +2, in 1, 2, 3, and 4 months old chickens respectively . The body weight gains of the four different age groups of chickens infected with 200,000 oocysts were very significantly lower (P<0.01) than the control group. Keywords: Pathogenicity, Eimeria tenella, village chicken, South Kalimantan

149 - 153

Authors: MuchJi Martawidjaja, B Setiadi, S Sitorus

The experiment was conducted in Cilebut Experiment Station, Bogor, with the aim to improve the productivity of Kacang goats. Twenty male goats, 9-10 months old, with an average initial liveweight of 16.27 kg were used. The goats were randomly divided into four treatments with five animals each, and were kept by grouped pen system. The dietary treatments were: (R0) = Elephant grass (EG) + concentrate (C0), (R1) = EG + (95% C0 + 5% molasses), (R2) = EG + (90% C0 + 10% molasses), (R3) = EG + (85% C0 + 15% molasses), respectively. The Elephant grass was offered ad libitum while the concentrate was offered at 3% of total body weight per treatment group. The experiment was carried out for 14 weeks. Feed intake per treatment group, individual weight gain, and feed conversion were analyzed. Average daily gain was analyzed in a completely randomized design. The results indicated that R0 (0% molasses), R1 (5% molasses), R2 (10% molasses) and R3 (15% molasses), did not significantly affect the average daily weight gain (P>0.05) with an overall mean of ADG to be 55.6 g/head/day. Feed intake and feed conversion were not significantly different among dietary treatments with an average dry matter intake of 2,621 g/5 heads/day or 524 g/head/day; protein intake was 370 g/5 heads/day or 74.0 g/head/day with energy intake of 10.929 Mcal/5 heads/day or 2.186 Mcal/head/day, and feed conversion of 9.43. In conclusion, the fact that molasses addition to rations did not affect feed intake, daily weight gain and feed conversion indicating that the molasses addition did not improve the Kacang goats fattening productivity. Key words : Productivity, goats, molasses

158 - 164

Authors: I Putu Kompiang, Supriyati

A series of chemical, biological assay and growth trials were conducted to determine the nutritive value of hominy, relative to corn. The crude protein, ash, NDF and ADF content of hominy were 10.25%, 2.10%, 19.10% and 4.70% respectively, and are higher than the corn level, 8.5%, 0.40%, 2.30% and 1.90% respectively. While its crude fat (3.20%) and metabolize energy (3,020 kcal/kg) contents were lower than the corn level 4,40% and 330 kcal/kg. Seven hundred DOC broilers of commercial strain were used for growth trial for 42 days. The birds were divided into 5 treatments group with 4 replications (35 bird/replicate). Experimental rations, starter and finisher, were formulated with graded levels of hominy on the expense of corn (A = 0%, B = 33.3%, C = 50%, D= 66.6% and E = 100%) with similar level of crude protein and metabolize energy. Feed consumption was not affected (P>0.05) by the treatments, however body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were both significantly (P<0.05) affected by the treatments. Body weight gain of treatment A (1,712 g) was similar to treatment B (1,683 g) and C (1,682 g) but significantly (P<0.05) higher than treatment D (1,598 g) and E (1,570 g). Feed convertion ratio of treatment A (2.17) was similar to the treatment B (2.26) but significantly better (P<0.05) than treatment C (2.30), D (2.36) and E (2.39). Carcass quality was not affected by the treatments except for the shank color, where treatment A (7.38) was significantly yellower than the other treatments (B=2.50, C=2.75, D=1.75 and E=1.0). It is concluded that the protein content of hominy is higher than corn, but its metabolize energy was lower than the corn. Hominy could be included in the ration replacing corn up to 33.3% without affecting performance of the bird. Key words : Poultry, hominy, nutrient

171 - 175

Authors: Amlius Thalib, D Devi, Y Widiawati, Z.A Mas’ud

A system of defaunating agent combined with microbial growth factors (FPM) was conducted to improve the ruminal digestion of rice straw. Combination of methanol-extracted Sapindus rarak fruit (EKM) with each FPM was added into anaerobic medium of ruminal fermentation. Rice straw was used as substrate and inoculum used was rumen fluid of sheep. Fermentation microbial of the substrate was incubated at 39°C for 96 hours. The experiment consisted of 10 treatments: control without EKM; control + EKM (1 .000 ppm); control +EKM combined with Zn (8 ppm), Cu (0 .8 ppm), folic acid (0.1 ppm), thiaminhydrochloride (0 .05 ppm), riboflavin (0.05 ppm), phenylpropionic acid (100 ppm), molasses (45 ppin), and mixture of all FPM used (Mix FPM). Measurements were: gas production; protozoal and bacterial populations; contents of volatile fatty acids (VFA), lactic acid andNH3N; pH ofmedium. The results show that FPM increase EKM effects on rwninal digestibility of rice straw except treatments of thiaminhydrocloride and riboflavin. The highest cumulative gas production was obtained by treatment of EKM combined with Mix FPM (168 ml versus 91 nrl of treatment of EKM with out FPM). EKM individually or combined with FPM could eliminate 46-83% protozoal population, where the highest elimination of protozoal population was given by combination of EKM with Mix FPM(83%): Elimination of protozoal population caused increment of bacterial population on all treatments except on folic acid treatment. The highest increment ofbacterial population was given by treatment of combination EKMwith Mix FPM (>500%). Therefore combination of EKMwith Mix FPM is concluded to be the most effective in improving ruminal digestibility of rice straw. Key words : Defaunating agent, microbial growth factors, rruninal digestion

182 - 187

Authors: Lily Natalia, Adin Priadi

Two methods for collecting blood specimens for measuring antibody to Pasteurella multocida were compared. Blood was collected on filter-paper strips, air-dried and stored at 4°C along with paired samples collected by venepumeture . Analysis using sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) showed that the protein composition of filter paper extract and serum was similar. Both samples had common proteins of 67, 52-58 and 27 kDa. However, there are two proteins bands of 14 and 30 kDa that were only found in, filter-paper extract. Westernblot analysis also showed that samples from both sampling techniques reacted to P. multocida proteins of 43 kDa. Samples from experimental and field animals were also collected by the two techniques and assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for P. multocida antibodies . The agreement between samples from experimental animals and the field using ELISA was analyzed . Samples from experimental animals, showed a very high correlation (r = 0.931) in ELISA results among samples collected by the two techniques. However, the correlation was lower (r = 0.799) in samples collected from the field. Cost analysis showed that filter-paper collection technique was 100 times more economical compared to venepuncture technique. It was concluded that eluates of whole blood dried on filter paper can be used as an alternative to sera in ELISA for measuring antibodies to P. multocida. Key words : Pasteurella multocida, serological tests, filter paper

197 - 201

Authors: Djaenudin Gholib, Subiyanto

The filtrate antigen ofDermatophilus congolensis was prepared based on the Makinde method, whereas the whole cell antigen was based on the Bida and Kelley method. Filtrate antigen of Dermatophilus congolensis has been tested with positive serum from experimental animals, guinea pigs and sheep by means of immurrodiffitsion test and electrophoresis . Positive serum was produced by inoculation of whole cell antigen of D. congolensis to the animals . The results showed that the immunodiffusion test resulted in one and two precipitation lines with positive serum of sheep and guinea pigs respectively. Electrophoresis SDS-PAGE presented about 8 bands with molecular weight in the range from above 30 kD to more than 94 kD. The bands were then transferred into nitrocellulose membrane and gave positive reaction with positive serum from sheep. Key words : Antigen, Dermatophilus congolensis, immunodiffusion, electrophoresis

206 - 213

Authors: Eny Martindah, A Kusumaningsih, S Widjajanti, S Partoutomo, B Frank, Suhardono

An extension program to control fasciolosis in cattle and buffalo was undertaken in collaboration with officers of the District of Livestock Services (DLS) and farmer organizations in the Surade district of West Java. Control strategies were based on results of extensive epidemiological studies on fasciolosis in this area over the past 4 years. Recommendations included: (1) preventing animals grazing harvested rice fields adjacent to a village or cattle pen; (2) feeding stock only the top two-thirds of freshly cut rice stalks; (3) mixing cattle or buffalo faeces with manure of ducks or chicken naturally infected with Echinostoma revolutum, before using them as fertilizer in rice fields; and (4) a single treatment with triclabendazole in July, about 6 weeks after harvest of the last seasonal rice crop. Farmers were surveyed in January 1996 to determine their level of knowledge about fasciolosis. The extension program commenced in February, soon after planting the second seasonal rice crop in four villages. At first, leaflets were distributed to farmers, and posters were displayed in each village to provide basic information. Following discussions with village leaders, groups of farmers met in each village to discuss the advantages they saw in each strategy, ways they could implement them, and to identify socio-economic constraints that needed to be overcome. Taped interviews were prepared for a local radio station and the farmer groups. In August, final survey was conducted to determine the change in knowledge and attitudes that had occurred as a result of the extension program. Bennett’s hierarchy was used at each stage to evaluate the effects of inputs and activities. Farmers adopted the techniques of cutting and feeding rice-stems 2/3 above water-level, and isolating cattle from rice-fields during harvest time, as these appeared to be beneficial in social and economic terms; but they rejected the two other practices where they perceived that socio-economic costs exceededbenefits. Key words : Fasciolosis control, extension program, cattle, buffalo

87 - 93

Authors: Subandriyo ., Bambang Setiadi, M Rangkuti, K Diwyanto, M Doloksaribu, Leo P Batubara, Endang Romjali, Simo Eliaser, Eko Handiwirawan

Improving sheep productivity can be conducted by genetic improvement and improving environmental factors. Genetic improvement usually can be done by selection and creating composite or synthetic breed by crossbreeding. Composite breed created by crossbreeding between different breeds and followed by selection. The study of crossing between Sumatra sheep with fat-tail sheep from East Java, St . Croix hair sheep (US) and Barbados Blackbelly hair sheep has been carried out since 1986, and show that the crossbred are better in term of production and reproduction . In 1996/1997, the first generation (F1) of composite breed (KOM) has been created by crossing between Barbados Cross (BC) rams and St . Croix Cross (HC) ewes or reciprocally. The second generation (F2) of composite breed has been created by inter-se mating . However, F1-KOM and F2-KOM vary in their performances, therefore selection should be conducted. The results showed that birth weight and weaning weight of crossing between BC rams and HC ewes tended to be heavier than those of reciprocal crossing between HC rams and BC ewes, but the differences were not significant (P>0 .05) . Birth weight and weaning weight of crossing between BC rams with HC ewes and reciprocal cross were 2.48 _+ 0.70 kg (n=791), 12 .50 _+ 3 .26 kg (n=640) and 2.37 _+ 0.62 kg (n=147), 12 .29 _+ 3.30kg (n=122), respectively . Meanwhile, observations of inter-se mating of Fl-KOM showed that the weight at the first mating was 26 .7 _+ 3.82 kg (n=80), age of dam at the first lambing was 15 .7 _+ 1 .73 months (n=83), weight at post-partum was 29 .86 _+ 3 .30 kg, and litter size at the first parity was 1 .43 _+ 0.59 (n=83) . The mean of age at the first mating of KOM was around 10 .7 months. Mean of mating weight at the second parity was 28 .29 +_ 3 .51 kg (n=11), age of dam at the second lambing was 20.6 _+ 1 .99 month (n=11), post-partum weight was 26 .92 _+ 4.03 kg (n=11) and litter size was 1 .64 _+ 0.81 (n=11) . Weaning weight of Fl-KOM, F2-KOM, BC, HC and St. Croix (H) after adjusted by season, sex, age of dam and type of birth were significantly different among Fl-KOM with F2-KOM, BC, HC, and H. However, there were no significantly different among F2-KOM with BC and HC. The results of the study indicated that for improving selection respons, the corrections or adjustments of environmentally induced superiority (sex, type of birth and age of dam at lambing) for every genotype and certain generation should be conducted, in order to increase the rate of genetic improvement. Key words : Composite breed, first generation, second generation

101 - 105

Authors: P.P Ketaren, M Silalahi, T Panggabean, D Aritondang

An experiment was conducted to determine the availability of P in defluorinated rock phosphate (DRP) and bone meal (TT) using a slope ratio assay (SRA) technique . Ten different diets were fed to 300 day-old broiler chicks for three weeks. Basal diet (RB) was formulated to contain 0.38% total P. DRP, TT and dicalcium phosphate (DCP) diets were each containing three different levels of total P: 0.45, 0.52 and 0.59%: At the end of the experiment, tibia bones were collected for ash determination. The availability of P was determined by SRA using tibia bone ash as the main parameter. The result indicated that the availability ofP in the DRP and TT were 83 .6 and 91 .3%, respectively . Key words : Phosphorus availability, slope ratio assay, broiler

111 - 116

Authors: Tolibin Iskandar

In relation to isolate Toxoplasma gondii from animals, 161 samples each of serums pairs and diaphragms were collected from 123 sheep and 38 goats from an abbatoir of Cibadak subdistrict, district of Sukabumi, and 30 faecal-soil samples of cats from some areas in district of Bogor. By using indirect haemagglutination (IHA) test serums were examined, and 60.16% and 39.47% of sheep and goats serums were found positive toxoplasmosis with antibody titres varied ranging from 1 :64 to 1 :8 .192 . Meanwhile, diaphragms of sheep and goats having antibody titres higher than 1 :2 .048 were extracted and the extracts were then passaged by innoculating into mice intraperitoneally . The results showed that cysts and tachyzoites of Toxoplasma were isolated from brain and peritoneal exudate ofmice respectively which were formerly innoculated by diaphragm extract of a sheep having the highest (1 :8 .192) antibody titre. On the other hand, oocysts of Toxoplasma were also isolated from one out of 30 (3.33%) faecal-soil samples ofcats examined by floatation method. Key words : Toxoplasmosis, Toxoplasma gondii, sheep, cysts, tachyzoites, faecal-soil, oocysts

124 - 128

Authors: S Widjajanti

The effect of feeding supplement and anthelmintic treatments on the establishment of parasites and the performances of lambs was studied in 24 St . Croix x Local Sumatra Crosses infected with Haemonchus contortus larvae (L3) . The study consisted of a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement involving two levels of supplement (1 .6% and 0.5% body weight ) and two levels of larval infection (0 and 3,000 L3 initial dose followed by a 1,000 L3-weekly dose) .The supplement x infection interaction was significant (P< 0.0001) on the egg counts and total serum proteins, but not on the PCV values (P>0.10) . The interaction was resulted from the shift in the magnitude of difference between supplement or between infection level and not by the shift in the rank between treatments . The 1 .6% body weight (BW) group had lower (P<0.0001) mean egg count than the 0.5% BW group (1,588 vs. 7,880) . Consistently, the blood PCV value and total serum proteins of lambs receiving 1 .6% BW supplement were higher (P<0.0001) than the 0.5% BW supplement group (28 .3 vs . 23 .8 and 5 .2 vs . 4.6, respectively) . Infection resulted in decreased feed and nitrogen (N) intake, but had no effect on fecal-N (P>0.0001). N-excretion (fecal-N + Urine-N) was not altered (P>0.10) by Haemonchus infection, but N-retention decreased in infected lambs due to a reduction in N intake . The effect of supplement and Haemonchus infection was significant (P<0.0001) on daily gain . Lambs on the 1 .6% BW supplement group grew faster than on the 0.5% BW supplement group whether they were infected or not . Infected lamb receiving 0.5% BW supplement lost weight during the experiment . It is concluded that an approach that combines the use of anthelmintics and supplement could ameliorate the influence of gastro-intestinal parasites on the performances of lambs, and reduces the intensity of using anthelmintics in controlling the parasites . Key words : Supplement, anthelmintics, Haemonchus contortus, lambs

135 - 139

Authors: Ening Wiedosari

Eleven male buffalo calves were divided into infected group of 7 animals and non-infected control group of 4 animals. The infected group was then inoculated with trickle doses of 15 Inetacercariae of Fasciola gigantica twice weekly for 32 weeks and killed 36 weeks after first infection. There were no clinical symptoms observed . Infected and non-infected buffaloes, had similar values of packed cell volume, haemoglobin and red blood cell counts . In infected buffaloes, plasma glutamate dehydrogenase enzyme activity increased in proportion to the dregree of hepatocyte destruction level and evidence of necrosis caused by the migrating of immature flukes through the parenchyma prior to their entry into the bile ducts. While the values of plasma glutamyl transpeptidase showed only a minimal rise with a small peak in week 20 as evidenced by histological observation that infected caused limited damage to epithelial surface of the bile duct . These results indicates that, the resistance mechaninisms of buffalo against fasciolosis infection occurred in the liver or before flukes entering into the bile ducts. These results seem to indicate that, in buffalo, resistance mechanisms to fasciolosis infection occured in the liver or before flukes entry into the bile ducts. Key words: Fasciola gigantica, clinicopathology, buffalo calves, trickle infection, resistance

8 - 14

Authors: Sofjan Iskandar, Desmayati Z, S Sastrodihardi, T Sartika, P Setiadi, T Susanti

Two lines of native chicken (Kampung and Pelung cross) were subjected to diets differed in protein content (21, 19, 17and 15%), but isocaloric (2,900 kcal ME/kg). Ten (5 males, 5 females) day old chicks were allocated as replicate and thetreatments were 2 lines x 4 levels dietary protein. The trial was conducted for 12 weeks period . Bodyweight gain of Kampungchicken (704 g/bird) was lower than ofPelung cross chicken (844 g/bird). Based on bodyweight gain and feed conversion ratio,the optimum level of dietary crude protein was 19% for both lines, whilst consumption was not affected either by lines nor bydietary protein. Pelung cross chicken converted feed to body weight more efficiently than Kampung chicken did. However feedconversion ratio increased with decreasing in dietary protein. Mortality was not affected either by lines nor by dietary protein.Twelve weeks carcass percentage of Pelung cross (64,9%) was higher than of Kampung chickens (62,9%), however carcass percentage was not affected by the dietary protein. Abdominal fat pad was not affected by lines of chickens nor dietary protein. Key words : Native chicken, protein, growth, carcass

22 - 26

Authors: Polmer Situmorang, Endang Triwulanningsih, Adriana Lubis, Nurhasanah Hidayati, Tatit Sugiarti

A study on the effects of hormone FSH, hCG and estrogen in maturation medium on embryo production (IVP) was conducted. Ovaries of dairy cows were obtained from slaughtered house and oocytes were collected by aspiration and slicing. Oocytes were matured in TCM-199 media containing one of each hormonal treatments : 10 ug/ml FSH, 2 IU hCG, 1 ug/ml estrogen, 10 ug/ml FSH + 2 IU hCG, 10 ug/ml FSH + 1 ug/ml estrogen, and 10 ug/ml FSH + 2 IU hCG + 1 ug/ml estrogen for 24 hours. Fertilization was conducted in thyroid albumin lactate pyruvate (TALP) media containing 10 ug/ml heparin for 18-24 hours and co-cultured in synthetic oviduct fluid (Sof-media) using C02 incubator at 38oC. Every 48 hours the embryos were moved into fresh Sofmedia and embryo evaluation was done on day 7using a microscope . From a total of 293 oocytes studied resulted 60.4% of zygotes which develop to 9.4% young embryos ( cell numbers <16), 45.3% morulae and 5,7% blastocysts. Hormones used singly did not significantly affect the production of embryo . The highest mean percentages of fertilization wasobtained in FSH (73.3%) and the lowest in estrogen (59.6%), but the mean percentage of blastocyst was higher in estrogen . The mean percentages of young embryos, morulae and blastocysts were 4.8, 66.1, 2.4 ; 18 .8, 41 .6, 6.6 and 3 .3, 46.6, 10 .0 for FSH, hCG and estrogen, respectively . Using a combination of FSH with hCG and estrogen did not significantly increase the production of embryo . The mean percentages of fertilization, young embryo, morulae and blastocysts were 55.2, 9.3, 43.4 and 2.6 ; 51 .7, 4.8, 35.8 and 11 .1 and 56 .0, 12 .3, 42.3 and 1 .4 for FSH+hCG, FSH+estrogen and FSH+hCG+estrogen respectively . Keywords: Embryo, fertilization, hormone, in vitro

34 - 38

Authors: M Bhakti Poerwadikarta

Sonicated cell-free extract proteins of 14 field isolates ofBacillus anthracis from six different endemic areas of Indonesia were analyzed by the use of sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) methods . The protein profiles of each field isolate tested demonstrated slightly different at the protein bands with molecular weights of 18, 37, 52, 65 and 70 kDa, and varied between the field isolates and vaccine strains. The variation could provide clues to the source of anthrax transmission whether it was originated from similar strain or not. Key words : Protein profiles, Bacillus anthracis, SDS-PAGE

47 - 51

Authors: Sutiastuti Wahyuwardani, Soeripto

Sensitivity of five local isolates ofMycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) strain and two standard MG isolates obtained from Australia were tested against antibiotics of oxytetracycline, doxycycline, erythromycin, bacitracin, vancomycin, methicillin and penicillin using antibiogram disc method. The result showed that one, 2 and 3 local MG isolates were resistent to doxycycline, erythromycin and oxytetracycline respectively . MG isolate of ADA7 from Australia was found to be resistent to all antibiotics tested. None ofthe local MG isolates were sensitive against bacitracin, vancomycin, methicillin and penicillin. Key words: Mycoplasma gallisepticum, antibiogram disc

57 - 62

Authors: Ening Wiedosari, S Widjajanti, S Partoutomo

A pen trial was carried out in order to determine the susceptibility differences of a trickle infection with Fasciola gigantica in buffalo and Ongole calves. Treated animals were infected orally with 15 metacercariae of F. gigantica twice weekly for 32 weeks and were slaughtered at 36 weeks. The results showed that buffalo calves had significantly lower fluke burdens than Ongole calves (P<0 .01) . All of the infected Ongole calves had fasciola eggs in their faeces 18 weeks after the commencement of infection. In contrast, eggs were detected only in 3 out of 7 infected buffalo calves at week 20, in 4 at week 28 and in 6 at week 30. Faeces of the seventh buffalo remained free of eggs until week 36. Rates of growth were reduced by 25%and 10,3% in infected Ongole and buffalo calves respectively . Circulating blood eosinophilia ofboth hosts, ahallmark of helminth infections, increased following infection, but values in buffaloes was greater than Ongole calves mainly in week 4 and 8 after infection (P<0.01). These results might be concluded that the susceptibility of buffalo calves to trickle infection with F. gigantica was lower compared to Ongole calves. Keywords : Fasciola gigantica; susceptibility, buffalo calves, Ongole calves