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Antimalarial activity of Carica papaya (Family: Caricaceae) leaf extract against Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: K. Kovendan, K. Murugan, C. Panneerselvam, N. Aarthi, P. Mahesh Kumar, J. Subramaniam, D. Amerasan, K. Kalimuthu, S. Vincent
Number of views: 267
Objective: To determine the antimalarial activity of the ethanol leaf extract of Carica papaya
(C. papaya), blood stages of CQ-sensitive and CQ resistant strains against Plasmodium
falciparum (P. falciparum) as target species. Methods: C. papaya leaf was collected in and
around Kalveerampalyam village, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. C. papaya leaf was washed
with tap water and shade dried at room temperature. An electrical blender powdered the dried
plant materials (leaves). The powder 500g of the leaf was extracted with 1.5 L of organic solvents
of ethanol for 8 h using a Soxhlet apparatus. The crude plant extracts were evaporated to
dryness in rotary vacuum evaporator. One gram of the plant residue was dissolved in 100 mL of
acetone (stock solution) and considered as 1% stock solution. From this stock solution, different
concentrations were prepared ranging from 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10%, respectively. Results: The
highest larval mortality in the ethanol leaf extract of C. papaya against the 1st to 4th instars
larvae and pupae values of LC50= 3.65%, 4.28%, 5.41%, 6.70%, and 7.50%, respectively. The LC90
values of 9.61%, 11.75%, 13.53%, 16.36%, and 16.92%, respectively. Plant extracts showed moderate
to good antiparasitic effects. These four concentrations (25, 50,100 and 150 µg/mL) of ethanol leaf
extracts exhibited promising inhibitory activity against the CQ sensitive strain with (IC50) values
40.75%, 36.54%, 25.30%, and 18.0% and in CQ resistant 50.23%, 32.50%, 21.45%, and 23.12% against P.
falciparum. Conclusions: In conclusion, the results indicate the effective plant extracts have the
potential to be used as an ideal eco-friendly approaches for the control of vector mosquitoes.