International Journal of Ayurveda and Pharmaceutical Chemistry

4

Authors: Subha Ganguly

The human skeletal system becomes brittle, due to loss of bone density, which can lead to fractures and a compressed spinal column, thereby affecting posture and resulting pain in the back and the spine with increasing age. With alarming conditions, it affects other functions and organs in the body, causing associated symptoms of osteoporosis, constipation, degenerative arthritis, low back pain, insomnia, bladder and kidney weakness, frequent urination and dental problems. The incidences are more prevalent in older women. Ayurveda considers this deficiency disorder to be dominated by the air humour of vata.

6

Authors: Singh Neelam Kumari, Alok Singh Sengar

Most women suffer from an ovarian cyst in their reproductive life .The non-neoplastic enlargement of the ovary is due to accumulation of the fluid inside the functional unit of the ovary. In ayurveda the cyst may be correlated with Granthi for which ayurveda also describes the holistic approach of treatment. The present study describes a case of a complex ovarian cyst. This study revealed the Granthihar properties of some ayurvedic medicines viz. Kanchnar guggulu, Dashmool kasaya and Ashokarishta with its surprising result in ovarian cyst as revealed, after two months of treatment, in the sonography report

7

Authors: J. K. Desai, P.J.Patel, P. P. Parekh, S. D. Patel

The present study deals with the physico-chemical parameters and effect of plant based coagulant, chemical coagulant and mixture of coagulants on water of Kolavada Lake, District Gandhinagar, Gujarat. Changes in physical and chemical parameters such as water temperature, transparency, turbidity, total dissolved solids, pH, dissolved oxygen, BOD, COD and total hardness, chlorides, alkalinity, phosphate and nitrates were analyzed. Changes observed in all parameters after coagulants treatment. But all parameters were not within the permissible limits. The results indicate that the water of lake may be used for Irrigation.

8

Authors: Kaur Jaskirat and Chawla Ritesh

Acharya Vagbhatta (A.Hr.Su 4/22) explains that all the diseases are manifested due to forceful expulsion and voluntary suppression of natural urges. One of the main causes of lifestyle disorder is adopting western culture in daily routine which has reduced the time for humans to stay calm. Everyone is running to meet their goals round the clock which force them to suppress their natural urges and leads to generation of factors that can cause diseases. Constipation due to suppression of natural urge of defecation causes headache in many people which possibly results from absorption of toxic products or from changes in the circulatory system resulting from loss of fluid from the gut. To obtain some facts regarding the same a clinical survey of 50 patients with their hematological investigations was conducted to find out the relation between Vegavidharan and anemia and found that these are also one of the causes.

9

Authors: Kaushal Arushi, Arora Ravinder

Of various gems, Pravala is widely used by the Ayurvedic physicians in their day to day practice of life. The use of Pravala for internal purposes and for preparing various formulations can be observed. Internally as medicine, it is administered in the form of Bhasma and Pisti for curing ailments such as Amlapitta, Netra Roga and Hridaya Roga etc. The drug is being manufactured by various industries and hence the product is widely available in the market. But pharmaceutically it greatly varies from industry to industry and physician to physician with respect to its quality. Moreover, in the market, it is available in two forms viz. Pravala shakha and Pravala moola. The former is costlier than the moola. Some of the clinicians claim that Pravala shakha is more efficacious as compared to Praval moola, for which there is no rationale explained in the classical texts. The quality and standard for this drug therefore, is a question in this scientific and advanced era. The parameters like organoleptic, physical, chemical, qualitative and quantitative etc. place key role, by which quality of any dosage form can be determined. In the present study, the Pravala pisti is prepared by triturating with rose water whereas the Pravala bhasma is generally prepared by bhavna with ghritkumari and subjected to puta. Both moola and shakha bhasma and pisti are prepared by same methods and analysed on parameters like organoleptic, physical, chemical which include loss on drying, total ash, acid insoluble ash, water soluble extractive, alcohol soluble extractive, pH etc, qualitative and quantitative tests. The results show that there was no significant difference between moola and shakha. However, the percentage of calcium, phosphorous, iron and magnesium etc. elements are more in Praval moola.

11

Authors: Shilpa Gupta and Nand Kishore Dadhich

Ayurveda is the flawless ancient science of life; the word “Ayur” literally means life and Veda the science or knowledge. Ayurveda stresses upon the do’s and don’ts one has to follow, which favours the well-being of each individual to lead a healthy, happy, comfortable and advantageous life physically, mentally and socially. It also emphasis the adage- “Prevention is better than cure”. Ayurveda healing for women addresses the need to treat the root cause of feminine disturbance rather than accepting the myths that symptoms of discomfort, pain and emotional swings are normal throughout the life. It is the best healing method to treat the root cause of symptoms by treating constitutionally that is treating the whole person as an individual. In modern era,Premature menarche,Delayed puberty and some problems in the menstruation pattern prior to menopause are seen.. So, it has been tried to concentrate on the causes of such problems and provide a healthy citizen to the society who is free from all these diseases.

1-6

Authors: Subha Ganguly (Editorial)

The use of ayurvedic herbs is in practice in Indian traditional medicine from ancient era through ages. Worldwide research have proved medicinal herbs to possess anticancer properties and having potentiality in treatment of chronic bone ailments and systemic infections.

21-43

Authors: Kushwaha Ashwani Kumar and Maurya Santosh Kumar1*

Gout is a multi-factorial disorder characterized by hyperuricemia, deposition of uric acid crystals in and around joints as well as in soft tissues. These days its prevalence is increasing due to changes in life style and therefore it has a noteworthy impact on the working population, their work, productivity and physical function. Conventional drugs used in the management of gout have some associated drawbacks. Therefore, it is essential to find out some alternative therapeutic approaches. The clinical features of gout such as sudden burning pain, swelling, redness and tenderness in joints come under the purview of vatarakta (gouty arthritis) in Ayurveda classics. Plant based medicine have gained upward attention in current scenario for the prevention and treatment of gout. In recent years many studies were done in search of new xanthine oxidase inhibitors with fewer side effects than available ones and have more precise effects. Therefore, this manuscript aims to perform an updated systematic review on the available information regarding medicinal plant as well as the classical Ayurvedic monoherbal therapy useful in the treatments of gout.

59-69

Authors: Rohit Mehta1*, VinayKumar KN2, Kiran M Goud3

Healthy skin is the reflection of healthy body where in the affliction of former will not only have an impact on somatic make-up but also on psychological and social aspects of an individual. Among various varieties of Kushta (leprosy), Ekakushta takes upper hand by the way of its chronicity, severity, involving large extent of body parts, difficulty in its curability and is often compared to Psoriasis, a chronic, non-infectious skin disease characterized by well defined, slightly raised, dry, silvery erythematous macules and typical extensor distribution. Ekakushta, as it is predominant of Vata - Kapha dosha, the first line of treatment that comes into picture is Vamana Karma (Emesis Therapy). The prime cause for the manifestation of Kushta is mostly Viruddha Ahara (unwholesome food) which has to be handled by administering Virechana Karma (Purgation Therapy) and Vamana Karma (Emesis Therapy). In toto, the line of treatment of Kushta speaks about both Vamana Karma and Virechana Karma. In this regard, an approach of treatment blended with both Vamana Karma and Virechana Karma may be more effective in treating the disease Ekakushta. Hence, a comparative study was taken up to evaluate the effect of Virechana Karma in Group A and Vamana poorvaka Virechana Karma {Kramataha Shodhana (repetitive purification)} in Group B in the management of Ekakushta w.s.r. to Psoriasis and the results were statistically analysed.

76-97

Authors: Rajesh A Keraliya1*, Chirag A Patel1, Vipul Keraliya2 and Madhabhai M Patel3

Colon targeted pulsatile systems are best for drugs which follow chronopharmacological behavior where, night time dosing is required, drugs have high first-pass effect and specific site of absorption in GIT. In this study, colon targeted pulsatile release tablets of atenolol was prepared using press coating technique to treat hypertension in the early hours of the morning. Pulsatile release of atenlol in colon was achieved by press coating of atenolol core tablet using biodegradable polysaccharides. A biodegradable polymer is a polymer in which the degradation results from the action of naturally occurring microorganisms such as bacteria, algae or fungi. The inability of GIT enzymes to digest certain plant polysaccharides (pectin, guar gum, okara gum) is taken as an advantage to develop colon specific drug delivery systems. The aim of this study is to find out the suitability of newer polysaccharide okara gum for colon targeting of atenolol by compression coating atenolol core tablet with okara gum. The minimum coat weight of okara gum require for colon targeting is optimized. OG4 press coated tablet having 250 mg coat weight of okara gum showed 6 hr lag time and near 7 hr T85%, which is applicable pulsatile drug delivery of atenolol for treating early morning hypertension.

124-129

Authors: R. B. Singh 1*

Water soluble polysaccharide was extracted from Wrightia tinctoria R.Br. (Roxb.) seeds, on acid hydrolysis with sulphuric acid and obtained hydrolysate on paper chromatography led to separation of D-galactose and D-mannose in the molar ratio of 1:3. Periodate oxidized polysaccharide on reduction with sodium borohydride by Smith degradation method followed by acid hydrolysis (H2SO4), yielded polyalcohols as glycerol, erythritol and thritol in the molar ratio of 1.20:4.95:0.009 on paper chromatogram. Derivatives of polyalcohols were produced from seeds polysaccharide as glycerol tri-O-p-nitrobenzoate and tetra-O-tosyl-erythritol. The absorbance of polyalcohols were recorded in photoelectrocolorimeter at 540 mμ for glycerol and erythritol.

1-12

Authors: Kaushal Arushi1 and Arora Ravinder2*

Ayurvedic medicines are being used from time immemorial for prevention and cure of human beings, therefore the efficacy and safety of these medicines is undoubted. However, the quality of these drugs is still a challenge as far as international norms are concerned.1,2 Few ayurvedic herbo-mineral medicines have been banned in western countries and many surveys have reported the adulteration of herbal medicines. Herbal drugs contain numerous groups of compounds in complex matrices in which no single active constituent is responsible for the overall efficacy. This creates a problem in establishing quality control standards and standardization of herbal drugs1. Good manufacturing practice (GMP) is a system for ensuring that products are consistently produced and controlled according to quality standards. It is designed to minimize the production of adulterated and substandard medicines. GMP covers all aspects of production: - from the starting materials, premises and equipment to the training and personal hygiene of staff. GMP is the guidelines which, - governs the production, distribution and supply of the drug. These days, there is an increased concern for heavy metal toxicity with ayurvedic medicines. GMP also covers batch manufacturing records, distribution records and records of market complaints. Thus it ensures proper pharmacovigilance of ayurvedic medicines. It essential to produce high-quality and standardized medicines if we want global acceptance of Ayurvedic medicines which can be achieved by proper education and enforcement of GMP.

16-20

Authors: Deepak Kumar Ahuja1* and Vandana2

Nasya is a kind of Panchkarna treatment for body cleansing used in Ayurvedic medicine. Administration of drugs by the route of nasal cavity is termed as nasya, nāvana, nasya karma are synonymous to nasya. The nose is the gateway into the head, the sinuses and deeper into the lungs. Different types of nasya come under two main categories, which are Shamana and Shodana. Shamana nasya helps to pacify an imbalance and is generally more calming and nourishing to nervous system. On the other hand, Shodana Nasya helps to remove the imbalanced excess from the body, therefore more detoxifying and clearing for the channels of the head. In present review article, we have tried to understand the mode of action i.e. pharmacodynamices of Nasya kama.

12

Authors: Debasis Panigrahi1* and P. Suresh 2

Shilajatu is one of the most essential raw materials among various rasa dravyas described. It has been greatly acclaimed in classical as well as rasa literature as rasayan and extensively used in practice in the form of rejuvenating agent. In the present study the extracts of various classical and contemporary outcome regarding the shilajatu has been reviewed.

8

Authors: Prasad Kulkarni1 and Pravin Joshi2*

There are many concepts in Ayurvedic science which are not yet fully understood & stree shukra is one of these concepts. There is very little description of stree shukra in classics. As there are seven dhatus in female sharir the exact role and physiology of stree shukra is essential to understand. An attempt is made to interpret the concept of stree shukra & understand the same.