International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science

18-21

Authors: Mr.OmarAbd Al-kaderkalaf&Mrs.ElafAyyedJebur

Recently, all over the world mechanism of cloud computing is widely acceptable and used by most of the enterprise businesses in order increase their productivity. However there are still some concerns about the security provided by the cloud environment are raises. Thus in this our research project, we are discussing over the cloud computing paradigm evolvement for the large business applications like CRM as well as introducing the new framework for the secure cloud computing using the method of IT auditing. In this case our approach is basically directed towards the establishment of the cloud computing framework for the CRM applications with the use of checklists by following the data flow of the CRM application and its lifecycle. Those checklists are prepared on the basis of models of cloud computing such as deployment models and services models. With this project our main concern is to present the cloud computing implications through the large database enterprise CRM application and achieving the desired level of security with design and implementation of IT auditing technique. We claim that with this our proposed methods for the CRM applications, we will providing the security, regulations, compliance of such cloud computing environments

40-46

Authors: 1Mandar Joshi,2K A Rade,

Optimization of weight of cable duct is a value engineering project. This paper gives idea about cost reduction of component without affecting its function and quality. There are different ways to reduce the cost of component like weight reduction, optimizing design, alternative material, change manufacturing process etc. In this paper we consider weight reduction of material to reduce the cost of component. We made 3-D model of component by using UG NX6 CAD software. We calculate the deflection of part (Theoretical calculation) under loading condition of UDL for reduced thickness part. Again we verify with ANSYS 14 software. Vibration was major dominant factor so we measure the vibrations of the part by vibration pen. We found vibrations are within tolerance as per ISO 10816-3.

54-60

Authors: Sayali Mane, Prof.Dr.S.V.Sankpal

Opportunistic spectrum access technique provides utilization of unused portions of the licensed spectrum for reuse.Such that primary users do not affect harmful interference from the transmissions of secondary radios .Therefore, it is important to analyse the effect of cognitive network interference due to secondary spectrum reuse. We consider a scenario in which cognitive radios i.e secondary users opportunistically share a fixed spectrum resource with different probability of interference constraints. Secondary network variables are optimized by exploiting channel statistics and maps that pin point the area where primary receivers are likely to reside. The receiver location is tracked using Bayesian approach, based on 1-bit message referred as “interference tweet”

73-76

Authors: Dr.Mrs.V.V.Patil 1, Rajharsh Vishnu Sanap 2 , Rohini Babanrao Kharate 3

This paper examines the use of neural networks to accomplish optical character recognition.Recognition of Handwritten text has been one of the active and challenging areas of research in the field of image processing and pattern recognition [4].The whole process of recognition includes two phases segmentation of characters intoline, word and characters and then recognition through feedforward neural network. Basically an offline handwritten alphabetical character recognition system using multilayer feed forward neural network has been described in our work. a method of feature extraction is introduced for extracting the features of the handwritten alphabets and then we use the data to train the artificial neural network.It contributes immensely to the advancement of an automation process and can improve the interface between man and machine in numerous applications [7].

85-90

Authors: RohanHatti

This paper presents a hydraulic hybrid vehicle drive train to improve the fuel efficiency of a passenger car. The hydro-mechanical system demonstrates excellent fuel economy potential, yet requires development work in the area of pump/motors with high efficiency at low displacement fractions. The fuel consumption of off-road machines is strongly reduced if part load operation of the engine and throttled control of the hydraulic implements are avoided. This is the aim of the ‘Hydrid’: a full hybrid hydrostatic drive train and control system. The Hydrid has hydraulic accumulators for energy storage and power management, hydraulic transformers for efficient power control, and highly efficient and compact in-wheel motors. System behavior demonstrates that the new control strategy takes advantage of high power density and efficiency characteristics of hydraulic components, and minimizes disadvantages of low energy density, to achieve enhanced overall efficiency.EPA is leading the development of hydraulic hybrid vehicles. This breakthrough technology can cost-effectively reduce emissions and drastically reduce fuel consumption while maintaining or improving performance. A delivery vehicle is an excellent application for hybrid technology since its service cycles involve numerous braking events. Hydraulic hybrid technology has significant commercial potential for a wide range of medium-sized vehicles such as urban delivery trucks, shuttle/transit buses, and waste disposal vehicles.

98-104

Authors: A.chandana jyothi 1, S. shameem banu 2

Cement Concrete occupies the most important role in the field of Civil Engineering. It mainly consists of Cement, Fine Aggregate and Coarse Aggregate. In the Concrete, the Cement acts as a binding material for Fine Aggregate and Coarse Aggregate. Many investigations have been done on Fly Ash and Artificial Sand individually. The utility of Fly Ash as partial replacement in concrete mixes is rise on these days. An attempt have been made to examine the suitability of replacing the 30% of Fly Ash and 50% of Artificial Sand for a concrete of grade M35. Examine strength characteristics such as Compressive Strength of Concrete Mix for 7 days, 28 days, 56 days of Curing Period and Durability Characteristics such as Acid Attack Test, Acid Durability Factor, Acid Attack Factor of Concrete Mix for 30 days, 60 days, 90 days results are analyzed and compared with the Conventional Mix.

111-116

Authors: Karthikeyan.V1

Privacy protection of mobile ad hoc networks is more demanding than that of wired networks due to the open nature and mobility of wireless media. In wireless networks, providing privacy protection with low power devices and low bandwidth network connection is very challenging task. In this project, solid privacy requirements has been defined regarding privacy-maintain routing in MANET. Then an unobservable secure routing scheme USOR has been proposed to offer complete unlink ability and content un-observability for all types of packets. Privacy-preserving routing is crucial for some Adhoc networks that require stronger privacy protection. A number of schemes have been proposed to protect privacy in Adhoc networks. However, none of these schemes offer complete unlinkability or unobservability property.USOR is efficient as it uses a novel combination of group signature and ID-based encryption for route discovery.USOR has been implemented on ns2, and evaluated its performance by comparing with AODV and MASK. The simulation results show that USOR not only has satisfactory performance compared to AODV, but also achieves stronger privacy protection than existing schemes like MASK.

128-137

Authors: Smita Sahu, Naveen ku. Dewangan

Magnetic resonance imaging, or MRI, is a way of obtaining very detailed images of organs and tissues throughout the body without the need for x-rays or "ionizing" radiation. Instead, MRI uses a powerful magnetic field, radio waves, rapidly changing magnetic fields, and a computer to create images that show whether or not there is an injury, disease process, or abnormal condition present. A new method for enhancing the contrast of magnetic resonance images (MRI) by retinex algorithm is proposed. The concept of the retinex, formed from "retina" and "cortex", suggesting that both the eye and the brain are involved, to explain the colour constancy processing of human visual systems. Retinex algorithm can correct the blurring in deep anatomical structures and inhomogeneity of MRI. Multiscale retinex (MSR) employed SSR with different weightings to correct inhomogeneities and enhance the contrast of MR images. The method was assessed by applying it to images acquired on MRI scanner systems. Its performance was also compared with other methods based on two indices: (1) the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and (2) the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). The retinex algorithm successfully corrected a nonuniform grayscale, enhanced contrast, corrected inhomogeneity, and clarified the deep brain structures of MR images captured by surface coils and outperformed histogram equalization, local histogram equalization, and a wavelet based algorithm, and hence may be a valuable method in MR image processing.

147-152

Authors: Payal Ranipa, Kapildev Naina

— Real time moving object detection and tracking is one of the important research fields that have gained a lot of attention in the last few years. Cameras installed around us but there are no means to monitor all of them continuously. It is necessary to develop technologies that automatically process those images in order to detect problematic situations or unusual behavior of human. Design computer vision base automated video surveillance system addresses real-time observation of people within a busy environment leading to the description of their actions and interactions. Tracking is required for security, safety and site management. Object detection by background subtraction technique. Using single camera detect track human behavior. Background subtraction is the process of separating out the foreground objects from the background in a sequence of video frames. If human entity is cross the line design security in mall or public area the object is tracked. It is laborious to track and trace people over multiple cameras. In this paper, we present a system for real-time tracking and fast interactive retrieval of persons in video streams from multiple static surveillance cameras. The system when realizes the human entry, it is processed in a second and the alert is produced for the security purpose.

158-163

Authors: Y.R. Falak1, P.R.Hatte2, P.H. Chaudhari3

This paper deals with vibration analysis of circular plate having radial crack in it. The plate is of Alluminium (A-2024) and Steel (AISI 304) material. For testing of plate two-boundary condition are chosen namely: 1. Simply Supported and 2.cantilever boundary condition. The plates are crack with different crack ratios (c/a) such as 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 (no crack in plate). Then the plates fabricated according to dimensions and crack ratios. The plates are analyzed by using FEM software, find out the natural frequencies for different boundary conditions, and crack ratios. Then same plates analyzed experimentally by using FFT analyzer. Keywords— Circular Plate, vibration, Radial Crack

170-176

Authors: Pradeep Porwal1, V. H. Badshah1

In this paper, we proposed and analyzed the effects of vaccination strategy on the transmission of the Dengue diseases. We propose SIR model with logistic recruitment rate, and analyzed the Steady state and stability of the equilibrium points. If then the non- infected steady state will be stable. Also if then the endemic equilibrium is stable. Numerical simulations show that the effect of newborn vaccination is significantly less effective than vaccinating susceptible population. Also the effect of vaccination is to replace multiple outbreaks with a single outbreak.

185-192

Authors: Aashna Rukhsaar M.Ashfaque

Cloud computing, the use of more than one computer across the internet, to provide web base services, is a rapidly growing technology. It is enabling an ever increasing range of web services for businesses and the public. Cloud computing environment provides a great flexibility and availability of computing resources at a lower cost. This emerging technology opens a new era of e-services in different disciplines. In this paper, we explore cloud computing services and applications, we give examples for cloud services provided by the most common Cloud Service Providers (CSPs) such as Google, Microsoft, Amazon, HP, and Sales force and we studied innovative applications for cloud computing in e-learning, Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) and e-governance. Our study helps individuals and organizations understand how cloud computing can provide them with customized, reliable and cost-effective services in a wide variety of applications.

205-210

Authors: MALVIKA SINGH

A new and novel semi-fragile-watermarking technique has been proposed in this paper. The watermark is embedded in the tree structure of the colored digital image. Three different watermarks are embedded in a single cover picture in order to enhance the security of the digital media. But these digital images incorporating watermarks may get tampered many a times while traveling from sender’s end to the receiver’s end. Hence, the paper also addresses the Image Quality Assessment (IQA) problem using the objective metrics of the watermarks. Here, a general Digital watermarking based quality evaluation framework is proposed which shows how three watermarks are embedded in a tree structure of an image using “wavelet packet decomposition (wpdec)”. The proposed framework also evaluates the level degradation in original image. The added parameters wPSNR and MSSIM (compared with MSE and PSNR) in the proposed framework makes the quality evaluation procedure more flexible. The experimental results suggest that the proposed framework works effectively and efficiently.

217-225

Authors: Ranjeet Singh, Amandeep Kaur, Arashpal Singh

Spectrum sensing is a decisive measure for cognitive radio networks (CRN) to shelter transmission of primary users. Cooperative spectrum sensing is considered as the utmost auspicious technique to improve the consistency of spectrum sensing. Nevertheless, such cooperation also acquaint with overhead traffic of control signaling and consequence transmission which devours more power in battery-operated mobile terminals. In this research, an energy effectual transmission structure is proposed. An energy dependent dynamic Clustering technique is implemented to save energy disbursed in broadcasting results and swapping information. All cognitive lumps are detached into a few clusters, and report indigenous decisions to cluster heads to make cluster decisions through certain data fusion scheme. Cluster decisions are forwarded to the common fusion center to decide whether the spectrum of interest is idle or not, this distributed energy criteria clustering based cooperative spectrum sensing scheme using Centralized energy based selection scheme which can reduce the power consumption and prolong the network’s lifetime. Results show that the spectrum sensing approach overwhelmed the traditional clustering based approaches in terms of network throughput, end-to-end delay and in terms of network lifetime of cognitive radio.

237-243

Authors: Vinay D R, N Lohitesh Kumar

Identifying moving objects from a video sequence is a fundamental and critical task in many computer-vision applications. An efficient algorithm for detecting a moving object using background elimination technique is proposed in this paper. In the post processing step, the morphological gradient operation with median filter is used to remove the noise and shadow regions which are present in the moving object. The experimental result shows that the clarity of the image obtained using background elimination technique is much better than using background registration technique. The experimental results show that the accuracy of detected counting vehicles is 94%.

252-257

Authors: Karthikayini.T1, Priyaa.T2

— Nowadays, maintaining and managing lesson plan for each course is a difficult task in educational institutes. Firstly, though the faculty members prepare their own lecture notes and access it through mails or any web storage resources, centralized system should be needed which enables the faculty members can upload their lecture notes through online and should be accessed by any device at any time by anybody. Secondly, though there are more existing technologies, but there is no automated task, also it needs more level of monitoring and optimization. With the cloud computing platform, it is possible to run an application in networked computers anywhere anytime. Taking cloud computing and Google platform as our benefits, we introduce an Online Lesson Plan Management system which minimizes the job of a lecturer at traditional educational institutes. The proposed system OLPM introduces a centralized system for an effective cloud lesson plan management system using google products such as google drive, google spreadsheet, google cloud SQL etc. This enables anyone can access the lesson plan documents at any time with their google account through any devices. The proposed system is capable enough to automate the tasks , requires less level of monitoring and optimization, Server is capable enough for the centralized system which provides efficient query performance.

265-276

Authors: Nokku Pradeep Kumar and Amrutha .V. Audipudi*

The present research is aimed for isolation and characterization multiple plant growth promoting activities of chilli rhizobacteria and enhancement of chilli plant growth. Bacterial strains were isolated from chilli rhizosphere by using Jensen’s media and screened for plant growth promoting traits such as Indole acetic acid production, phosphate solubilization, Hydrogen cyanide production, Siderophore production and Ammonia production. Three bacterial strains (AVP 22, AVP 23 and AVP 27) were identified as potential PGPR and they were identified as genus Klebsiella, Alcaligenes and Stenotrophomonas by biochemical and physiological characterization. AVP 27 was identified as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia by 16s rRNA partial sequence and their multiple plant growth promoting traits were characterized. The bacterial isolate AVP 27 (KM14433) showed of inorganic phosphate solubilization (818ppm), Acid phosphatase activity (1.62 IU/ml), IAA production (93µg/ml), Ammonia production (80 µg/ml) and able to produce siderophore and HCN under optimized growth conditions and Trehalose, as carbon source. Present research revealed that Stenotrophomonas maltophilia AVP 27 is a promising plant growth promoting rhizobacteria with wide variety of mechanisms. First time report of using Stenotrophomonas maltophilia AVP 27 as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria from chilli rhizosphere and use of this isolate AVP27 as Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria offers attractive way to replace chemical fertilizers, pesticides and supplements.

285-290

Authors: SonamRathore, Asst.Prof .Vijay Yadav, Dr. Rita Jain

The integrated circuits that have memories, a major share of total circuit power is required by the memory architecture of the circuit. With the day-to-day changing circuit designs, the need to store increasing amount of processing data has resulted in the growing memory size in an integrated circuit. Most of the memory data remains un-altered during the memory data handling operation. The stored data is thus affected by the sub-threshold leakage power / current that leads to the degradation of data signal quality. The data integrity is maintained using a feedback path / architecture in SRAM memory architecture. Still, the amount of power loss due to leakage contributes a major part of the total power loss of the integrated circuit. This loss increases with the decrease in the physical feature size of the component / transistors. A low power system offers the benefits like device portability, long battery life, good performance criteria, etc. Today’s increasing data handling require more random access memory to process the dynamic data and hence more power. Various SRAM architectures and its Design techniques are proposed in previous work. SRAM low power design using Sleepy Stack Transistor for is proposed by S.Lakshmi Narayan et al [1]. Dynamic Threshold and Stand-by Voltage leakage reduction technique is presented by Yashwant Singh and D. Boolchandani in [2].Power reduction using Power Gating is shown by AdreaCalimera et al [3]. Static Power Reduction Techniques for Asynchronous circuits is given by Carlos Ortega, Jonathan Tse and RajitManohar in [4]. These are some suggested techniques that can offer a solution towards low power in the design of SRAM architecture.In the present work, we have used leakage control transistor technique called LECTOR to modify the design of SRAM architecture to reduce the leakage current and hence the leakage power. The absence of requirement of control circuit for the operation of leakage control transistor in this technique is the major advantage of LECTOR technique over the other available leakage current reduction techniques. The proposed design is simulated on 90nm CMOS fabrication technology using Microwind Tool.

291-301

Authors: Alok Pandey1 , Santosh Sharma2

This paper proposed to provide an alternative approach for comparison of FIR digital filter by using neural network. This proposed approach exhibit a relation between order and cutoff frequency of the filter having different order. In this paper using FDA tool to design digital FIR filters of different order, and neural network tool box to compare different filters. As the simulation results , the proposed neural-based method is capable of archiving a better performance for filter design.

314-320

Authors: Dr. G. N. Rameshaiah1, JPallavi2,S Shabnam3

Nanotechnology is a novel discovery being explored in almost all the fields and is benefitted too; it may provide keener solutions for the current problems in the field of agriculture. Various research activities are carried out with sensors and fertilizers therefore paper is reviewed various kinds of fertilizers developed and acquaint with facts about the sensors in the same field. Nanotechnology concepts can help the farmers to know the effects before and input solutions for a better after. Controlled use of the technology will help the sustainability. In concern with the ecosystem and the farmers, these technologies will benefit the agricultural engineering and technology in overcoming all the local myths and ethics decreasing the mega problems in the agriculture arena. Availability of technology is more only proper utilization of it is.

327-334

Authors: Deepa Mittal1, Manoj mittal2, Dr. P. K. Jamwal3

Drawing is to be considered as universal language. Drafting is a technical drawing5 used by designers to graphically present ideas and represent objects necessary for a designed environment. A set of this drafted illustration is called a construction document. There are common rules and standards to ensure that all designers are able to understand what is in the drawing. These design drawings use a graphic language to communicate each & every piece of information necessary to convey an idea and ultimately create a design. The basic principle of the Technical drawing is the representation of a three-dimensional body (usually it is a component or assembly) in a two-dimensional drawing. To the uniqueness of the drawing to realize in various views (e.g. from the front, from the side and rear).Complex components may require that the carcasses of several pages (ie, multiple views) must constitute representations or even cut through the component must draw round. In this paper we will show the representation of technical drawing in the standard view.

351-360

Authors: Zohaib Mushtaq1, Asrar Mahboob2, Ali Hassan3

A cognitive radio is a type of intelligent radio system. It automatically detects available spectrum in a given frequency band. It automatically and intelligently changes its parameters. These parameters include transmission and reception. Therefore, frequent wireless communication is achieved for a given frequency band at specific location. There are multiple techniques used to sense and avail the spectrum in a cognitive radio. Most important among them are spectrum sensing, spectrum mobility, spectrum management and spectrum sharing. Many regulatory bodies in world have found that most radio frequency spectrum is utilized in efficiently. we all know that Cellular network bands are overloaded due excessive use but other bands (like for military and paging frequencies) are insufficiently utilized. Basically utilization of spectrum is dependent on two factors which are time and place. The crux of this research is to design and simulate a controller in MATLAB for SS using FLT. We chose two inputs one is mobility of SU and transmit power. Output is Saa. We defined membership functions for inputs and output. Analyze system and calculate outputs to get minimum percentage error difference between calculated and simulation end results.

368-372

Authors: Shubham Sharma1, Viraj Patodkar2, Sujit Simant3, Chirag Shah 4 Prof. Sachin Godse 5

this software application is basically for sustainable development of farmers. Many times farmer is confused to take decision regarding selection of fertilizer, pesticide and time to do particular farming actions. So to avoid this problem this application is very useful. Fertilizer schedule of each type of crop will get registered. Based on sowing date of crop, farmer will get reminders about application of fertilizer as per schedule. Additional advice will be given based on Soil type, climatic condition etc. This system combines modern Internet and mobile communication systems with GPS for efficient and smooth farming. This review paper presents the introduction, theories and analysis of DBMS in agriculture. This paper is developed on brief study of some common problems faced by the farmers across the nation. This project aims at bringing the spark of 21st century to that 70% population who are land worshipers.

380-385

Authors: Er. Rajeev Ranjan

when the phrase "Global Warming" began gaining popularity, The researchers started batting around the idea of replacing asphalt and concrete surfaces with solar panels that could be driven upon. The solar Roadways can save the world from energy crisis and climate change. The day by day the human beings are looking for the answers to our deteriorating highway infrastructure, our crumbling power grid, and the climate crisis. For all such questions the answer is “SOLAR ROADWAYS". An intelligent highway infrastructure and a self-healing decentralized power grid will eliminate our need for fossil fuels and also it will lead to less investment in antiquated technology and overhead power lines. As the day by day the price of petroleum products are getting huge hike & resources are very less there will be no longer feasible material such as asphalt for our road surfaces. When Solar Road Panels are refurnished, the solar cells will be upgraded to newest technology, which will allow keeping up with population growth and increased energy needs. In 2009, ‘solar roadways’ in U S received a contract from the Federal Highway Administration to build the first ever Solar Road Panel prototype. During the course of its construction, the technocrats learned many lessons and discovered new and better ways to approach this project. Using this technology No more power shortages, no more roaming power outages, no more need to burn coal (50% of greenhouse gases), Less need for fossil fuels and less dependency upon foreign oil and Much less pollution. How about this for a long term advantage: an electric road allows all-electric vehicles to recharge anywhere: rest stops, parking lots, etc. They would then have the same range as a gasoline-powered vehicle. Internal combustion engines would become obsolete. Our dependency on oil would come to an abrupt end.

394-397

Authors: Saranya , S.Muruganandham

The mobile backhaul networks have to catch up with all these changes and counterbalance the enhancements on the rest of the networks. Wireless service providers have very specific transport requirements and specifications for their services; understanding these requirements is key to choosing the right technology and type of network for the application. A large number of the existing backhaul networks are based on legacy technologies, incapable of supporting higherspeeds or service requirements. Explosion of packet data traffic over voice, unlimited data/voice services, faster download rates have demand for higher backhaul network capacity and intelligence.The technologies can be support quality of service (QoS) to separate traffic streams, timing synchronization, lower packet loss, and high availability (HA) along with maintaining low operational expenditure. A thorough understanding of these factors ensures operators choose the right technology,network and architecture to implement a successful wireless backhaul business strategy.

404-407

Authors: Mrs.P.Sornam.1, Dr. Vasantha N. Subbiah 2 Dr. P. Mangala Gowri.3,

Cervical cancer is the second highest reported in India with Incidence of 22.9 % and mortality rate of 20.7%. It increases in the areas prone for most known risk factor of cervical cancer. Recent research findings have shown the married fisher women in the coastal areas being more prone for cervical cancer. Aim: This study aimed at identifying the vulnerability of the married fisher women for acquiring premalignant lesion. Setting: The study was conducted in 5 fishermen communities under Sadras a coastal area in Tamilnadu, India. Participants: 250 married fisher women residing at the area. Methodology: Quantitative descriptive approach with cross sectional study design was used. Data was collected by using structured interview schedule for identifying the vulnerability and Pap smear test was done for identifying the premalignant cervical lesions among the married fisher women. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The study findings showed that about 6 (2.4 %) were found to have Precancerous cervical lesions such as Atypical Squamous Cell of Undifferentiated Significance (ASCUS) (5) and Mild dysplasia (1), 178(71.2%) had abnormal Cervix such as infection, inflammatory changes with the Pap smear findings. The study findings also showed the significant association of risk factors such as advanced age, lack of education, low socio economic status, using tobacco, multiparity, pre marital sex, extra marital relationship, using cloth as sanitary napkin with the abnormal findings which is supported by the odds ratio. Conclusion: Study findings clearly show the increased vulnerable state of the fisher women for acquiring cervical cancer as they had many risk factors contributing to cervical cancer.

414-417

Authors: 1Maninderpal Singh,2Neha,3Gagandeep Singh

In this paper a device named as Raspberry Pi is used which is less expensive, credit-card sized computer that plugs into a computer, monitor or TV and it uses a standard keyboard and mouse. Raspberry Pi board is also called system on chip. This research aims to provide a remote free approach to control a LED by allowing the user to interact in a more natural way by using hand gestures with the help of raspberry pi. Gestures are processed using image processing and data acquisition toolbox

427-430

Authors: Ummul Khair Maria Roohi1

The significance of forest fire monitoring was determined by the importance of forest resource and the destructive of forest fire. In the paper, according to the limitation of traditional forest fire monitoring schemes, a new wireless network implementation scheme oriented to forest fire monitoring was presented based on GPRS communication technology and ZigBee technology. The related hardware schemes and software program flows were given. The forest environmental information was collected by ZigBee network and transmitted to FTP server with public network IP on the internet through GPRS network by GPRS module which was controlled by coordinator node. The monitoring center got the data, which was provided for relative experts and decision maker, from FTP server to implement the achievement of remote data from monitoring region. Through the analysis of historical data and real-time data, correct judges and decisions were made. It had strategic significance to improve the level of modernization of forest fire monitoring.

436-441

Authors: Swapnil P. Magar1, Arun B. Ingle2 & Rohini N. Ganorkar3

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are polyoxoesters produced by a wide range of bacteria when they find themselves in an environment with an available carbon source but limited in additional nutrient’s required for growth. Cotton seed oil is important agricultural product; it primarily consists of triacylglycerols in which three fatty acids are attached to glycerol backbone. Growth experiments with cotton seed oil are difficult to conduct in quantitative manner due to heterogeneity of the two phase medium. To overcome this obstacle a new culture method was developed with a newly designed medium. This medium was emulsified using the plant gum or resins as the emulsifying agent. Ralstonia spp was grown on the emulsified medium and PHA production was measured over time by cell dry weight method. The medium used in this study was minimal salt medium lacking nitrogen source designed to stimulate PHA accumulation by Ralstonia spp, and it contains fructose, cotton seed oil and water clarified solution of plant gum or resins in different concentration and trace elements and antibiotic was added. Additionally an extraction method was developed to monitor oil consumption. The cells accumulated high levels of PHB content i.e 78 - 80. % of cell dry weight was reached after 72 h. This method may prove to be useful for production of PHA from cotton seed oil and may also be useful for studying byproduct. Key words: Cotton seed oil, Emulsifying agent, plant gum, Cell dry weight (CDW), Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), Ralstonia spp, Emulsified cotton seed oil medium.

458-464

Authors: Okoye, Peter Uchenna1, Ngwu, Chukwuemeka2 and Ugochukwu, Stanley Chukwudi3

Construction planners and estimators in Nigeria often guess the standards of building tradesmen. These standards are usually given as constants in the form of time necessary for the manual completion of a defined quantity of work – standard time (St), or in the form of unit output – standard output (Sop) for a specified working period. Since it is difficult to draw reliable construction programmes or make accurate cost estimates without any available baseline standards or constants, this study therefore, systematically developed statistical models for determining labour constants for building construction processes. It was a field survey where detailed work study was carried out on two major work sections (concrete work and blockwork) in six building project purposely selected across the South East, Nigeria. Time study technique and a three-time estimate technique were used to determine the most probable duration time (expected time (t)) to complete each operation that makes up an activity relative to the quantity of work performed. From this, the duration time (tka), of key process was determined and subsequently, the standard time (St) and standard output (Sop) (labour constants) were evolved. Thereafter, these were fitted into regression models and the resultant showed that labour constant could be statistically determined. The models were further tested for adequacy, and it was found that all the generated models for various building operations considered were statistically adequate, good and fit for the purpose. The result indicated that the labour constants were realistic and appropriate for pricing, and could assist in effective project planning and control through realistic determination of optimal labour force in the execution of building projects. This is because, once a specific time is given, the labour output could be determined. The study then recommended a practical application of this model in different building construction processes across Nigeria.

477-482

Authors: S.Palanivel Rajan

Increase in the usage of internet from mailing a friend to e-learning, e-commerce, e-medicine, internet have tremendous growth as well as flaws such as raise in internet traffic leading to congestion .There are information security related active attack which cause internet traffic and make a resource unavailable to user . DoS and DDoS are an active attack that threatens the availability of a resource. In this proposed work we emphasis on how to overcome the traffic caused by DDoS attack. To mitigate the effect of DDoS we have used signature that is been generated whenever a client is logging in. Signature uses a lightweight hash algorithm which has an advantage of reduction in number of codes used with a lower development cost. Log is created for each operation on network and this file can be kept at any location. Also we have situation where traffic is completely controlled by limiting user’s request/response. There is a backend Database used for holding information regarding users.

487-492

Authors: Kartik Ajugia1, Kunal Bhavsar2

— The main parameters describing the efficiency and acceptance of a particular shell and tube heat exchanger in any application is its pressure drop. More the pressure drop across the tube side less is the heat transfer and hence more is the pumping power required and more is the cost. The pressure drop on the tube side can be split into three parts namely pressure drop due to Inlet nozzle, pressure drop in the tube bank, and pressure drop in the outlet nozzle. A large number of analytical expressions are available for finding the tube bank pressure drop of a Conventional SHTX i.e. as per TEMA Standards. This research provides a Numerical approach for finding the pressure drop across the tube bank for a SHTX with a nozzle position other than the TEMA Standards and also its comparison of the tube bank pressure drop with a conventional BEM types of TEMA SHTX. Firstly the Conventional Nozzle position is used for an Elliptical Inlet and Outlet headers i.e. the nozzle length being perpendicular to the direction of flow in the inlet and outlet header and secondly the nozzle length being parallel to the direction of flow in the inlet and outlet header. Since the approach is numerical the use of Ansys 14.5 was used. ICEM was used for the geometry making and meshing. The meshed file was then exported to the Fluent for the solving process. After doing the solver setup and using appropriate boundary conditions the solution was found keeping in mind that the flow was steady and isothermal. The pressure zones computed at the Inlet header were compared between the two cases. Also the pressure drop across the tube bank were calculated for each case and compared. The results obtained from the Conventional Nozzle position were validated against the theoretical pressure drop and the same model and approach was used to find the Tube Bank pressure drop for an Inline Nozzle.

504-511

Authors: Naga sunil.B, Anudeep.B, Tirupathi.K

— Friction stir welding (FSW) is an origin for solid state joining process. The function of FSW process are used in several industries such as aerospace, rail, automotive and marine industries for joining aluminium, magnesium and copper alloy. Porosity, solidification, liquification and cracking do not see in FSW. Friction stir tool is that the necessary tools of friction stir welding process. The welding parameters (rotational speed, welding speed, axial force and tilt angle) and tool pin profile plays a vital responsibility in deciding the weld quality. In this research work primarily examine the effect of different welding speed and tool pin profiles on the weld quality of AA2014.Taper cylindrical threaded pin and tri-fluted taper cylindrical threaded pin are used as tool pin profiles in this research. By using these tools appearance of the weld is well and no obvious defect is initiated. Mechanical properties of AA2014-T6 welded plates will be computed at the weld center of all joints. The good weldment were obtained with tri-fluted taper cylindrical threaded pin at the tool rotational speed of 900rpm and tool welding speed of 40mm/min.

520-527

Authors: T.D. Gunneswra Rao1, Mudimby Andal2, Saurabh Sahu3, Putcha Chandrasekhar4 F.ASCE

This paper presents the reliability analysis of conventional reinforced concrete members and steel fiber reinforced concrete members subjected to flexural loading. First order Second Moment (FOSM) method is used to determine the reliability index. Monte Carlo simulation has been used to generate random samples of the variables in the present reliability analysis. C++ Computer programme has been written to obtain the Moment carrying capacity of a reinforced concrete beam of cross-sectional dimensions 250mm  500mm having 1% percentage of longitudinal reinforcement with 0.75% as the volume fraction of steel fibers. The cross sectional dimensions of the beam, compressive strength of the concrete, tensile strength of concrete are taken as variable parameters while keeping the other variables constant. The results revealed that there is an increase in cracking moment of approximately 17.5% after addition of steel fibres (volume fraction = 0.75 %) to the reinforced concrete beam and there is an increase of approximately 72% in the reliability index value, which suggests that steel fibre reinforced concrete beams are safer than reinforced concrete beams.

544-550

Authors: Dr.A.Praveenprakash 1, Kanimozhiraman 2

Indian population is graying. An old person who can retard the aging process to some extent and reduce associated physical and psychological problems if he continues to be physically active and mentally alert. Knowing the maximum age at which they are going to suffer will help them a lot to overcome from their problems. The comprehensive study of this article is to find out the maximum age group of old age people affected by the psychological problem in Chennai using CETD matrix.

556-561

Authors: Y.s.n.satyanarayana #1 Dr.A.Anjaneyulu#2 Dr.D.prabhakaraReddy#3

In this paper we have proved that the peculiar property of nucleus (N) in an alternative ring (R) i.e nucleus contracts to centre C when alternative ring is octonion and nucleus expands to whole algebra when the alternative ring is associative.

573-580

Authors: Deepa H A1, Ravishankar R2

Energy is the prime mover of economic growth and is vital to the sustenance of modern economy. Future economic growth crucially depends on the long-term availability of energy from sources that are affordable, accessible and environmental friendly. Pinch Analysis is a methodology for minimizing energy consumption of chemical plant by maximizing the utilization of hot and cold utilities available within the process, thereby reducing the use of external utilities. It is also known as heat integration, process integration, energy integration or Pinch technology. Pinch technology is applied on various process flow diagrams from chemical industries using heat integration strategies or techniques. These techniques include both graphical procedure (Thermal Pinch diagram) as well as algebraic procedure (Temperature interval diagrams) in order to compare the minimum heating and cooling utility requirement of a process with the actual requirement. In the present work, the process flow diagram of Extract column section is received from a chemical industry and block diagram is prepared for simplification. The hot and cold streams are identified and heat integration techniques are applied in order to find out the minimum cooling utility requirement. With this, the utilities available within the process can be used better and thus energy can be conserved to an extent of 20%.

590-595

Authors: Mr. Sudhir B. Desai1

The aim of this research was to study the pyrolysis oil production from municipal plastic waste of Kolhapur city. A pyrolysis experiment is done on the municipal LDPE plastic waste of 150 grams. A series of tests were carried out at a temperature range of 300- 350 0C with all other parameters being same. Under pyrolysis conditions plastic waste was decomposed into three types: producer gas, oil and solid residue. The obtained result shows that the properties of the pyrolysis oil are closely similar to that of diesel. hence it can be used as alternative fuel for compression ignition engines.

604-614

Authors: Sohail Qamar Khan, Rashid Behram Khan

This article aims to find out aesthetic preference of the author of this novel by analyzing exploitation of different literary devices and style in the text. Style refers to the way in which language is used in a given context, by a given person, for a given purpose and so on (Leech & Short, 1981, p 10).Style pertains to parole: it is selection from a total linguistic repertoire that constitutes a style (ibid, p 11). Style refers to linguistic characteristics of a particular text (ibid, p 12). It may refer to some or all language habits of one person as when we talk of Shakespeare's style (or styles) or style of James Joyce (David Crystal & Derek Davy, 1969, p 9). It also focuses on aesthetic appeal which this novel has for the readers. A literary text simultaneously contains two faculties we respond to it as literary work and also as language (Spitzer, 1948). Phono Graphological features of the text will be analyzed to sort out these qualities. This novel is forerunner of pony book genre of children literature. Basically, it is autobiography of a horse called "Black Beauty". It is in first person narration. Anthropomorphism is present in this novel which adds color to the beauty of text and increases its aesthetic appeal. Anthropomorphism is the attribution of human form to God, to abstraction or even to animals and inanimate objects (Martin Gray, 200, p 26).

631-647

Authors: Rashid Behram Khan, Sohail Qamar Khan

The present paper is aimed at stylistic study of legal language. Analysis is done by identifying stylistic devices, their impact on text and communicative function, these markers carry. Rudimentary introduction of stylistics and legal register is given in the very beginning and then legal language is analyzed on three basic stylistic levels; graphological, lexical and syntactic level. A legal document is selected as sample. Examples are provided from given sample to explain each and every feature. Keeping in mind the pedagogical implications, analysis is done minutely and explained properly. It is effective and beneficial treatise for present and also for further future researches.

652-658

Authors: SUJANA PRAJITHKUMAR1 , Dr. SHWETA VERMA2, B V MAHAJAN3

Water is the prime requirement for the existence of life. The unbridled exploitation of water for irrigation, drinking and industrial purposes has caused a drastic decline of the quality and availability of water. The over-exploitation of limited resources has not only caused a perceptible decline in the water table, but also resulted in the enormous increase of pollutants concentration. The ever growing population exerts a great pressure on this resource. The never ending growth of population and ill-planned exploitation of the water resource created a situation, where the very survival of man has become endangered. Assembling the various parameters of the water quality data into one single number leads an easy interpretation of data, thus providing an important tool for management and decision making purposes. The purpose of an index is to transform the large quantity of data into information that is easily understandable by the general public. Water quality index exhibits the overall water quality at a specific location and specific time based on several water quality parameters. WQI is a set of standards used to measure changes in water quality in a particular river reach over time and make comparisons from different reaches of a river. A WQI also allows for comparisons to be made between different rivers. The present study is concentrated on the prediction of WQI using ANN model. Pavna river originates south of Lonavala from western ghatts and flows a total of nearly 60Km to meet the Mula river in Pune, Maharashtra, India. Pavna river flows through Pune city covering Pimpri Chinchwad Area. Pimpri –Chinchwad area is developing area and due to industrialization and high population growth the river is getting polluted. The data for the prediction of water quality index were collected from the water treatment Plant, Nigdi –sector 21.The collected data were for the point Ravet Intake.(2001-2014)(monthly).In the present study it is found that the recurrent neural network give better results as compared to the radial multilayer neural network. R value for the multilayer neural net work is 0.960 .

670-684

Authors: Abhinav A Kherkar#1, Girish M Dhote*2, Dr.V.H.Tatwawadi*3

In order to reduce the pressures of reading drawings and dimensional analysis on engineering staffs, the use of CATIA to build 3D models by 2D drawings with the given information is suggested. Through the application of 3D modelling, the overall situation of the time consuming design can be avoided. The research focuses on the case of the ‘C’ Class boiler owned by renowned company. 3D model is constructed by using information of 2D drawings to calculate the design parameters of boilers concerned with the project. It managed to shorten the design time, reduce the construction difficulties and ensure that the requirements on equipment, human resource and materials are all satisfied.

696-704

Authors: 1. Amol S. Kinkar 2. G. M. Dhote, 3.R. Chokkar

Heavy industrialization & modernization of society demands in increasing of power cause to research & develop new technology & efficient utilization of existing power units. Variety of sources are available for power generation such as conventional sources like thermal, hydro, nuclear and renewable sources like wind, tidal, biomass, geothermal & solar. Out of these most common & economical way for producing the power, is by thermal power stations. Various industrial boilers plays an important role to complete the power generation cycle such as CFBC (Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion), FBC (Fluidized Bed Combustion), AFBC (Atmospheric Fluidized Bed Combustion Boiler), CO Boiler, RG & WHR Boiler (Waster heat recovery Boiler). This paper is intended to comprehensively give an account of knowledge related to refractory & its failure in CFBC boiler with due effect of flue gas flow during operation on refractory by using latest technology of CAD (Computer aided Design) & CAE (Computer aided Engineering). By conceptual application of these technology the full scale model is able to analyze in regards the flow of flue gas & bed material flow inside the CFBC boiler via CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) software. The results obtained are helpful to understand the flow of flue gas & particles in different areas of boiler. Results also helped to check the velocity values in particular failure area and suggest suitable refractory material to withstand under such velocity .

715-718

Authors: Sukhleen Kaur Baweja

The present study focused on ERP that is software using for information system and it also manage the resources of business and education .In this paper, I emphasize to explain the educational ERP with its objectives and modules .Generally all the educational institution availing its benefit .in present scenario the quick and secure documentation is must with lessening hours. It enabled us with biometric attendance, transparency in business, cemented the customer-owner relationship .It also facilitate the proper channel of communication to Teacher-Parent-Child .In accounting and auditing the help of ERP is marvelous .Not only in business and education it has other perspectives too. The educational ERP gives benefits to faculty, students, parents and management at certain levels .ERP modules in managing timetable, transportation, library and attendance proved the importance or significance of ERP in this technical era.

729-733

Authors: J.Vijayashree ., Dr. Persis Urbana Ivy ., J.Jayashree

Requirements elicitation helps in identifying the customers and stakeholders requirements in constructing software or a system. In this paper, literature survey is performed for the challenges and issues in different elicitation methods. From literature survey it is clear that there is no relevant Elicitation Topic Map [1] for specific system and application domains. No standardized elicitation methods for cloud providers [2]. Large scale distributed software projects [3] suffer information overload, inadequate stakeholder input prioritization of requirements. The paper presents a Requirements elicitation framework for cloud applications. The framework uses Social networks for identifying and analysing stakeholders. The framework also combines storytelling method and audio technologies for eliciting requirements. Finally Elicitation Topic Map (ETM) is developed for cloud applications.

738-742

Authors: Akshay Badve,Bhushan Bhujbal,Akash Gavali,Sachin Jamadar

Cloud Computing is nothing but a use of computing properties that is distributed as a service over a network. Distribution of the data in the cloud depends on the network structure of the data centers. Allocation of bandwidth shows a important role in sharing the resources on the way to the data centers. Performance of the server is the major issue in cloud computing. When lots of users send a request for the same server at a same time then the performance of the server is significantly decreased. So we are defining a new method of rearranging the bandwidth from inactive users to active users using bandwidth delay technique using delay allocation.

750-756

Authors: Hafeez Kabani1, Sharik Khan2, Omar Khan3, Shabana Tadvi4

The human face is an important organ of an individual’s body and it especially plays an important role in extraction of an individual’s behavior and emotional state. Manually segregating the list of songs and generating an appropriate playlist based on an individual’s emotional features is a very tedious, time consuming, labor intensive and upheld task. Various algorithms have been proposed and developed for automating the playlist generation process. However the proposed existing algorithms in use are computationally slow, less accurate and sometimes even require use of additional hardware like EEG or sensors. This proposed system based on facial expression extracted will generate a playlist automatically thereby reducing the effort and time involved in rendering the process manually. Thus the proposed system tends to reduce the computational time involved in obtaining the results and the overall cost of the designed system, thereby increasing the overall accuracy of the system. Testing of the system is done on both user dependent (dynamic) and user independent (static) dataset. Facial expressions are captured using an inbuilt camera. The accuracy of the emotion detection algorithm used in the system for real time images is around 85-90%, while for static images it is around 98-100%.The proposed algorithm on an average calculated estimation takes around 0.95-1.05 sec to generate an emotion based music playlist. Thus, it yields better accuracy in terms of performance and computational time and reduces the designing cost, compared to the algorithms used in the literature survey.

764-777

Authors: Puneeta Ajmera1, Dr. H.K.Satia2, Maj Gen (Dr) Mahavir Singh3

New opportunities and challenges has been created by liberalization of trade in healthcare sector specially in low and middle income group countries to provide effective and efficient healthcare services. Objective of this study was to develop a self administered questionnaire to address hospital’s perspective of globalization of health in context to India. Attributes of Indian hospital’s perspective in terms of globalization of health were derived from intensive interviews of managers of international wings of Indian hospitals, doctors treating international patients and through literature reviews to arrive at an item questionnaire. Each item was evaluated on a five point Likert scale so that higher scores indicated a more favorable response. 50 subjects were enrolled for this study. Their baseline scores were analyzed on the questionnaire and subjected to item analysis, validity and reliability testing. Based on the information meaningful items were retained and interpreted based on their statistical properties. Reliability of the questionnaire was calculated through cronbach’s alpha using spss software version 20. Results shows that during item analysis sixteen items were discarded resulting in a valid and reliable questionnaire. Internal consistency of all the sections of the questionnaire together was 0.920 measured by cronbach’s alpha with the help of spss software. Reliability coefficient of individual sections of questionnaire (different subscales) were also calculated and were 0.794 0.817, 0.651, 0.766 and 0.888 respectively. Guttman splithalf reliability coefficient was indicating that the two halves of the questionnaire provided consistent information. The Questionnaire underwent rigorous development, had reliable and valid properties. This questionnaire is intended to help in considering and measuring perspective of Indian hospitals catering to medical tourists about globalization of health.

786-791

Authors: Thanima Thulaseedharan, Vijayakumar.K, Nishitha Gerison

Real Time Intelligent Driver Assistance System is an in-vehicle embedded system, which assist the driver and generate a vehicle health report. It predicts the errors so that the driver can have an uninterrupted journey and can avoid accidents. Thus, it alerts the driver about future errors and assists for a safe drive especially through Indian roads.The main objective is to monitor various vehicle parameters such as temperature, battery voltage, CO level in the exhaust, fire detection, fuel status and road surface nature. It detects and reports the surface conditions of the roads. This system uses ARM 7 microcontrollers at the Engine/Environment Data Processing Unit as well as Driver Assistant Status Unit and Controller Area Network (CAN) protocol for the communication between the two units. CAN bus is a vehicle bus that is designed to communicate microcontrollers and other electronic devices without a host computer. The program is compiled in Keil μVision3 using Embedded C.

800-806

Authors: ASWATHI HARI1, Prof. VIJAYAKUMAR K, Assoc. Prof. SUDHEESH MADHAVAN

In human, vision processing takes place within and between the retina and visual cortex. This involves various stages of vision processing where object recognition is an important phase. The object recognition in human means matching visual input with the structural representations of objects in brain. One of the efficient means of doing this is by using parametric GEONs, which is a subclass of basic GEONs a contribution of RBC (Recognition By Components) theory to the world of object recognition. Several neural network solutions are available to implement the concept like Kohonen’s SOM (Self Organization Map), SONG etc. A combination of basic shapes together with their relational details as a vector has to be given to a neural network which will generate different patterns for different objects, using which the objects can be recognized.

814-820

Authors: Abhishek Jain1, Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar2, Mohd. Khursheed Siddique3

This paper deals with the controlling of a permanent magnet brushless DC motor which can be done using a sensor control and a sensor less control technique. The characteristics of a brushless DC motor involve high efficiency and reliability as compared to the other motors of the same rating. The duty cycle of the motor is calculated using a PWM technique for both the methods used in controlling of a PMBLDC motor. A PID controller is also used for the speed control of the motor for sensor control and sensor less control method.

828-236

Authors: Poluri Pradeep Kumar, Ch.V.S.S.Sailaja, Pinjari Veneesh Basha

Early electrical substations required manual switching or adjustment of equipment, and manual collection of data for load, energy consumption, and abnormal events. As the complexity of distribution networks grew, it became economically necessary to automate supervision and control of substations from a centrally attended point, to allow overall coordination in case of emergencies and to reduce operating costs. The development of the microprocessor made for an exponential increase in the number of points that could be economically controlled and monitored. Today, standardized communication protocols such as DNP3, IEC 60870-5 and Modbus, to list a few, are used to allow multiple intelligent electronic devices to communicate with each other and supervisory control centers. This enables migration to the digital substation, delivering smaller foot print, less wiring, increased personnel safety and improved reliability, resulting in reduced cost of ownership. In this project, testing of DNP3 protocol has been done to ensure whether the correct information is going to the master station (or) not and there by better communication is achieved. For this, the automation of testing of Host- and Sub- Communication Interfaces of RTU for DNP3 protocol for data points in the monitoring and control direction has been done. The test cases have been written in SATEEN Testing Console.

844-848

Authors: Archana N Mahajan1, Dr Ms K N Kadam2

This paper aims at providing a preliminary understanding in a biomechanics effect of immediate dental implant loading. Immediate loading of an implant interface has been used for completely and partially edentulous patients. Forces may be influenced by patient factors, implant position, cantilever forces, occlusal load direction, occlusal contact intensity. The surface area of load distribution may be increased by implant size, implant design, and surface condition of the implant body. This article addresses the effect of implant material on stress and strain in the bone. These factors affect the amount of stress on the developing at implant interface and hence may affect the risk of immediate occlusal loading for implant prostheses.

855-864

Authors: 1.Sneha P Ghunage

The main goal of this New Avenues in Opinion mining and Sentiment Analysis is to extracting, classifying, understanding and accessing the opinions expressed in various online news sources social media comments, and other user-generated content. Here opinion mining refers to computational techniques for analysing the opinions that are extracted from various sources. Current opinion research focuses on business and e-commerce, such as product reviews and movie ratings. Researchers developed a framework for analysis in their major stages such as stakeholder analysis, topical analysis, sentiment analysis and stock modeling. During the stakeholder analysis stage, they identified the stakeholder groups participating in Web forum discussions. The sentiment analysis stage consists of assessing the feelings expressed by the Web forum participants in their treatments. Lastly, in the stock modeling stage, they test the relationships between various attributes of Web forum discussions and the firm’s stock behaviour.

878-890

Authors: M. Clement Joe Anand1, and M. Edal Anand2

Many applications of matrices in both engineering and science utilize Eigen values and Eigen vectors. Control theory, vibration analysis, electric circuits, advanced dynamics and quantum mechanics are the few of the applications area. In this paper, first time we introduced the Eigen values and eigen vectors of fuzzy matrix. This paper consist four sections. In first section, we give the introduction about Eigen values, Eigen vectors and fuzzy matrix. Proposed definitions of Eigen values and eigen vectors were derived in second section. In the third section, we give the application of proposed Eigen values and Eigen vectors of fuzzy matrix. Conclusions were given in final section.

896-901

Authors: Mrs. ShubhangiSudhirLandge

This paper give an introduction to the smart grid communication. It describes a communication-oriented smart grid framework. It provides comprehensive understanding of the communications issues in the smart grid. Hence the framework given can be used properly to design a smart grid communication system. Italso introduces a three-entity, high-level, communication-oriented framework for the smart grid along with a closer look at each entity.

909-915

Authors: Dattatray Vishnu Wagh1, Prof.D.R.Dolas2

Photochemical machining (PCM) is one of the non-conventional machining processes that produce burr free & stress free flat complex metal components. In the present work optimization of process parameters for Photochemical machining of Inconel 600 by using response surface methodology. Mathematical models have been developed to study the effect of input parameters on Undercut from the results of the experiments. The predictive models’ analyses were supported with the aid of the statistical software package-Design Expert (DE 9). The different input parameters such as etching time, etchant concentration and etchant temperature were set during the photochemical machining. Design of Experiment was done by Face centered composite design method by having 20 experiments to see the effect on etching of Inconel 600. Minimum Undercut was observed at the etching temperature 55.2760C, etchant concentration 470.781 gm/lit and 55.276 min etching time. The optimum material undercut was found 0.0029 mm.

922-927

Authors: Tabjula l Jagadeeshwar1, Vijaya Bashkar A 2 , Somasundar Reddy C3

Interaction between human beings and machines is changing from day to day. In olden days used to control machines with big gears and buttons, after remote controllers are used .now controlling of machine with physical interaction of human beings. So many ways to control the machine like voice, and gestures ...etc.to achieve gesture robot, can use accelerometers but the circuit become complex, using image processing can built gesture based interaction robot. This paper talks about machine can be control by any interfacing objects with help of hand gestures using different algorithms

938-942

Authors: Priyanka.V.K1,Prof. Vijayakumar.K, Assoc. Prof. Sudheesh Madhavan

In human vision, retinal disparity is an important attribute which is the main reason for stereopsis. Mechanisms used for encoding binocular disparity through simple cells in striate cortex are difference in receptive field position and difference in receptive field phase. In the case of two dimensional objects position disparity has the major contribution in binocular fusion. Since human brains are more similar to correlators, cross correlation algorithms are the most simplest and natural method for disparity estimation. This paper is a comparative study of different cross correlation measures that can be used for the estimation of receptive field position disparity.

951-954

Authors: Nikita Gupta, Nagesh Mokashe, Mangesh Parihar

In today’s world security of data is an important issue. Nowadays the forgery of legal documents is increasing at an alarming rate. To solve this problem, we provide an innovative way to authenticate the legal document (mark sheet). In this paper, we provide a method where each legal document (mark sheet) will come with a QR code. Each QR code will contain the unique details of the document which will be encoded using AES algorithm. So, if anyone tries to change the data he cannot do it because the encryption key is not known to him. The data can be retrieved using unique key. Paper proposes the idea of detecting the tampered data in legal document.

960-964

Authors: Augustine Abraham, Supriya Unnikrishnan K, Sudheesh Madhavan, Hema M

Data acquisition is the process of measuring real world physical conditions and converting it into digital numeric values. A typical data acquisition system consists of (i) Sensors that convert physical parameters to electrical signals, (ii) Signal conditioning circuitry, (iii) Analog to Digital Convertors [1]. For Sound Navigation and Ranging (SONAR) front end application specific data acquisition systems, a controller card is required which controls the transmission of data that is received. In this paper, the focus is for an efficient controller card development by using the Virtex – 5 FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array). FPGAs have soft IPs (Intellectual Property) and hard IPs that can be used on demand. Here the controller card is based on a soft processor microblaze. The use of soft processor reduces the complexity of developing the controller card with an FPGA and an external processor as a controller since the soft processor exists on the same FPGA. This creates a highly robust and reliable system.

970-975

Authors: Akmal M. Inogamov

The purpose of this article is description the main experimental results conducted to improve the spectral characteristics of short-distance erbium doped optical amplifiers (SD-EDFA) created on the basis of high erbium concentrated modified optical mediums. Nowadays, the problem of improving spectral characteristics of optical amplifiers (EDFA) is a topical problem. Optical amplifiers which have linearized spectral characteristics and low level automatic spontaneous emission (ASE) could increase the transmission length of DWDM system. Previous experiments were demonstrated that SD-EDFA amplifiers have a low level of ASE and NF (noise-figure), but due to the high concentration of active erbium ions (1020-1021 cm-3) the light amplification characteristics SD-EDFA amplifiers are nonlinear. Nonlinear spectral characteristics of SD-EDFA amplifiers introduce additional losses and noises for wavelength multiplexed signal and reduce the optical-signal noise ratio (OSNR) of common DWDM system. Thus, the main objective of a study is identifying linearization opportunities the spectral characteristics of SD-EDFA amplifiers. To linearize the amplified optical signals at the output of optical amplifiers were implemented acousto-optic tunable filters based on TeO2. Revealed that, acousto-optic tunable filters with cross-pin design and with embedded scheme of modulation transverse polarized modes can effectively linearized spectral components with accuracy 0,2 nm grid in 1200-2500 nm range. The article also presents the results of experimental studies simultaneous usage of acousto-optic tunable filters with short-distance optical amplifiers.

981-985

Authors: Nitesh B. Dahare

All new heat exchanger applications in oil refining, chemical, petro-chemical, and power generation are accommodated through the use of conventional shell and tube type heat exchangers. The fundamental basis for this statistic is shell and tube technology is a cost effective, proven solution for a wide variety of heat transfer requirements. However, there are limitations associated with the technology which include inefficient usage of shell side pressure drop, dead or low flow zones around the baffles where fouling and corrosion can occur, and flow induced tube vibration, which can ultimately result in equipment failure. This paper presents a recent innovation and development of a new technology, known as Twisted Tube technology, which has been able to overcome the limitations of the conventional technology, and in addition, provide superior overall heat transfer coefficients through tube side enhancement. This paper compares the construction, performance, and economics of Twisted Tube exchangers against conventional designs for copper materials of construction including reactive metals.

991-998

Authors: Preeti Ratnaparakhe, Prof. M. B. Tadwalkar

Every year millions of pilgrims gather in the small city like NASHIK for Kumbhmela, or in Amarnath or in the Holy area of Kashmir, India, to perform the rituals of GODs. Finding the position and movements of such a large number of people is important to the pilgrims themselves and the authorities managing the whole event. This paper deals a real-time pilgrim tracking or finding system that has been designed and implemented. The system relies on a dedicated delay-tolerant wireless sensor network (WSN). This WSN is interfaced to the Internet through lots of gateway(s) available from an internet service provider (ISP). Energy efficiency is most important factors in designing such system but there are few more like robustness, and reliability. Each pilgrim is given a mobile sensor unit which includes a GPS chip, a microcontroller, and antennas. A network of fixed units is installed in the Holy area for receiving and forwarding data. After a fixed period of time, each mobile unit sends its user identification (UID), latitude, longitude, and a time stamp. A central server maps the latitude and longitude information on a geographical information system (GIS). The developed system can be used to track or find a specific or a group of pilgrims

1008-1015

Authors: Krutika. K .Jain, Anjali . B. Raut

Because of the rapid growth in worldwide information, efficiency of association rules mining (ARM) has been concerned for several years. Association rule mining plays vital part in knowledge mining. The difficult task is discovering knowledge or useful rules from the large number of rules generated for reduced support In this paper, based on the Apriori algorithm association rules is based on interestingness measures such as support, confidence and so on. Confidence value is a measure of rule’s strength, while support value corresponds to statistical significance. Traditional association rule mining techniques employ predefined support and confidence values. However, specifying minimum support value of the mined rules in advance often leads to either too many or too few rules, which negatively impacts the performance of the overall System. In this algorithm, we will create association rules depending upon the dataset available in the database. The algorithm majorly works on finding the minimal confidence and so association rules which frequently used and follow the minimum confidence. So the research part of this paper is this by changing the value of minimum confidence, gives different association rules. The value of minimum confidence is high then rules filtered more accurately..

1023-1028

Authors: Revathi S,

Big data is an emerging technology to process the vast amount of both structured and unstructured data. Now a day social media such as twitter, face book, blogs and forums are the well suitable source to gathering the huge amount of data. Text sentiment analysis for the online portals such as flip kart, Amazon, Godaddy, etc.. are very important to review about their product performance in the market. Sentiment analysis is a text analysis method which aims to contextualize the meaning of the social network data. In the existing work, sentiment analysis is done by polarizing the sentences which derived from the public opinion. However it cannot polarize the public opinion accurately where the sentiment analysis is performed over the social network data’s. In this work, we target on finding an appropriate polarity recognition method for public opinion supervision system. In our method, we explore new feature extraction rules which extract emotional nouns, verbs, adjectives, and bigrams as representative features. Then, we apply Fuzzy Naïve Bias to classify these online opinions into positive and negative class. Also we introduce the new category of sentiment analysis namely called as ‘Neutral’. The experimental conducted were proves that the proposed methodology provides better result than the existing methodology

1035-1045

Authors: Shruti Samant

The proposed system introduces a new genetic algorithm for prediction of financial performance with input data sets from a financial domain. The goal is to produce a GA-based methodology for prediction of stock market performance along with an associative classifier from numerical data. This work restricts the numerical data to stock trading data. Stock trading data contains the quotes of stock market. From this information, many technical indicators can be extracted, and by investigating the relations between these indicators trading signals can discovered. Genetic algorithm is being used to generate all the optimized relations among the technical indicator and its value. Along with genetic algorithm association rule mining algorithm is used for generation of association rules among the various Technical Indicators. Associative rules are generated whose left side contains a set of trading signals, expressed by relations among the technical indicators, and whose right side indicates whether there is a positive ,negative or no change. The rules are being further given to the classification process which will be able to classify the new data making use of the previously generated rules. The proposed idea in the paper is to offer an efficient genetic algorithm in combination with the association rule mining algorithm which predicts stock market performance.

1050-1056

Authors: Ahmed K. Jameil

Single stuck line is a deficiency model utilized as a part of computerized circuits. It is used for post assembling testing. The model expects one line or hub in the computerized circuit is stuck at logical high or logical low. When a line is stuck it is called a fault. Fault detection in digital circuits is very important to get accurate results. When redundancy is introduced into digital circuits to achieve fault tolerance, the necessary overhead must be weighed against the improvement in reliability. In order to achieve a new design to simulate fault for a digital combinational circuit that is made up of ten gates and three inputs with one output. Results for single stuck at all faults are presented with details and the code written by c language.

1063-1067

Authors: Mary Sincy1, M.Mathurakani2

Fusion is basically extraction of best of inputs and transferring it to the output. Image fusion is the process of combining the relevant information from a set of images into a single image, where the resultant image will be more informative and complete than any of the input images. A novel image fusion technique based on Dual-Tree Complex Wavelet Transform (DT-CWT) is presented in this paper. Fusion rule based on magnitude of analytic wavelets is used to extract information from the source images decomposed using Oriented 2D DT-CWT. The fused image is obtained through inverse 2D DT-CWT reconstruction process. Experimental results show that the proposed fusion method based on Oriented 2D DT-CWT is remarkably better than the fusion methods based on real oriented 2D Dual Tree transform, Stationary Wavelet Transform and classical Discrete Wavelet Transform. This paper is organized as follows: (i)introduction ((ii) design overview and algorithm (iv) results and discussions (v) conclusion.

1074-1086

Authors: Christina Thomas , Gnana Sheela K , Saranya P Krishnan

In this era, network security is becoming a great concern .Cryptography offers high security for communication and networking. Elliptic Curve Cryptography is gaining attraction with their high level of security with low cost, small key size and smaller hardware realization. Elliptic curve scalar multiplication is the most important operation in elliptic curve cryptosystems This paper develops a secure elliptic curve scalar multiplication using Karatsuba multiplier. Initially, three different finite field multipliers are simulated for the construction of an elliptic curve crypto processor for high performance applications. It includes classical polynomial multiplier, recursive Karatsuba multiplier and hybrid Karatsuba multiplier. The simulation results show that hybrid Karatsuba multiplier consumes less area than the other two multipliers. The implementation of the elliptic curve point multiplication is achieved by using a dedicated Galois Field arithmetic simulated on ModelSim. The research work also includes generating key pair for encryption and decryption in elliptic curve cryptography

1091-1094

Authors: 1K. STEPHENA, 2E. ANNADEVI

A wireless sensor network (WSN) comprises of nodes, each node is connected to one or more sensors. Occurrence of fault in a single node is called as cut. And the fault occurred in multiple nodes in a particular region which is called as hole. The region under surveillance is considered as region of interest (ROI). There are various methods for detecting and healing the holes. We study the different methods for hole detection and healing in WSN in this paper.

1103-1108

Authors: Ligendra Kumar Verma1, Kesari Verma2 and Priyanka Tripathi3

Feature subset selection is an important problem in knowledge discovery, not only for the insight gained from determining relevant features variables, but also for the improved understandability, scalability, and, possibly, accuracy of the resulting models by reducing computational cost. It is an important challenge in many classification problems, especially for complex data like images when the number of features greatly exceeds the number of examples available. The research aims to select optimal number of relevant features by eliminating irrelevant features using clustering technique. Clustering techniques are used to form the group of objects based on the characteristics. We have used this characteristic for selecting the features. The main focus of this paper is to search the homogeneity among the features and select the representative features by eliminating remaining features from the set.

1121-1125

Authors: 1Kajjam Vinay Kumar, 2SANTHOSH BODDUPALLI

Networking plays vital role in cloud computing for holistic that allows control, management and optimization of both networking and cloud resources in a cloud environment leads to a convergence of networking and cloud computing. Virtualization is used in telecommunication and the internet as a key attribute for the networking as a potential enabler of changes in both communication and computing domains. Service oriented architecture applied in network virtualization knows as the Network-as-a-Service that may greatly convergence of networking and cloud computing. Our work presents the study in service oriented network virtualization for supporting cloud computing from a perspective of network. Survey overviews the cloud convergence virtualization focusing on art of network service discovery brought by network cloud convergence.

1126-1132

Authors: Rakesh Kumar ER

VANET can be formed by connecting vehicles with internet access by drivers. Vehicles running with different speed, directions and locations can form ad-hoc network to solve various problems in human life such as traffic management, safety in transportation, utilization of transport resources and many ad-hoc applications for mobile users. Method used for protecting such as clustering, anonymization, fake point location privacy etc. are proposed by different authors. It is important to see that the vehicle’s or group of vehicle’s location privacy needs to be protected. In this paper we are retracing the technique used for location privacy in VANET and propose the novice Ad-hoc Trusted Information Exchange method for location privacy.

1145-1152

Authors: Prajakta S.Taywade1 ,Prof.Mrs.K.N.Kasat2

Neuro Fuzzy (NF) computing is a popular framework for solving complex problems. The combination of neural networks with fuzzy knowledge base helps to reduce the searching space and time for achieving optimal solution. While Proportional-Integral-Derivative controllers are universal control structure and have widely used in Automation systems, Conventional PID controllers are not well for time-delayed linear and nonlinear systems. Thus Neuro-Fuzzy PID Controller is designed to enhance its performance evaluation parameter. This paper describes the design of Neuro-Fuzzy PID Controller using Field Programmable Gate Array. The implementation of Neuro-Fuzzy PID controller using FPGA will help for compactness to improve its speed and accuracy.

1161-1165

Authors: S.Sangeetha,

This study analysis the credit assessment procedures followed by a bank (in south India) to determine the potential borrowers. A complete Study of Risk Assessment Model which is currently being used by thatBank (in south India). Moreover the study identifies the potential borrowers in of Loan limit above one crore and makes an assessment on their creditworthiness by using the financial performance, industry performance and management performance. Further the study evaluates the expected loss which may occur when the borrower defaults using Basel II’s Internal Rating Based Approach (IRB).

1168-1173

Authors: Swati S Sarowar1, Prof Seema M Shende2

— an intention to work on the topic of this nature is emanated from the interest to explore alternative technological solution to achieve effective speed control. Objective of the study is to design and develop a new system that can effectively detect speed violations on the road and supports the driver to obey traffic rules while driving by maintaining the speed according to the speed limit prescribed. In the present day scenario traffic rules are frequently violated by the drivers and over speeding occur due to bad driving behavior. So, a driver assistance system is provided to prevent over speeding, violation of road rules and also to display alert messages. The proposed system has an alerting, recording and reporting system for over speed violation management. The Zigbee transmitter sends the speed limit of the particular lane entered by the vehicle and also gives alerts like “road works”, “steep slopes”, “school zone” in the form of acoustical messages and also in LCD. The receiver unit placed in the vehicle receives the messages and sends to the microcontroller. When speed of the vehicle nears the speed limit it displays the warning and if exceeds the limit, the microcontroller records the violated speed and time. The LCD displays the lane speed limit and shows the number of times, speed was violated. At the same time our system will control the speed, if vehicle user does not slows down the speed to that of particular zone speed limit. System will keep on counting the no. of times speed exceeded, record of which sent to the control room. Increase in the count of violation increases the penalty amount which can be collected in toll gates located nearby. Ultimately driver’s behavior can be improved here. A GSM module sends message to the nearest traffic personnel immediately after a violation occurs. An authenticated device is also provided, which can be operated only by the traffic police in whom he can retrieve the data stored at any time.

1179-1184

Authors: Prof. Kale N.K1, Prof. DOLAS D.R2,

Electrochemical machining (ECM) is a non-contact, electrochemical dissolution process that is used to shape the anode metal, namely the work piece, the cathode, namely the tool, is normally moved toward the anode at constant feed rate, and the electrolyte flows at high speed through the gap to carry away the dissolved metal . ECM is mainly used to cut hard or difficult to cut metals, where the application of a more traditional process is not convenient. Being a complex process, it is very difficult to determine optimal parameters for improving cutting performance. Proper selection of manufacturing conditions is one of the most important aspects in the Electrochemical Machining process, as these conditions determine important characteristics such as Material Removal Rate and Surface Roughness. The material used in the Study was Inconel 718. Four parameters were chosen as process variables: Voltage, Feed rate, Pressure and electrolyte concentration. Experiments have been carried out to establish an Empirical relationship between process parameters and responses in ECM process using Taguchi Methodology. The contour plots are generated to Study the effect of process parameters as well as their interactions. MRR is influenced by applied Voltage and tool feed rate rather than other parameters. There is no single optimal combination of cutting parameters, as their influences on the metal removal rate are quite opposite.

1192-1202

Authors: A.G.Praveena, PG Scholar/Communication Systems Mr.P.Kumar,

Fundus imaging could be a common clinical procedure used to record a viewing of retina. The manual examination of optic disk (OD) could be a standard procedure used for detecting glaucoma. During this project, we have a tendency to describe a process to automatically locate the optic nerve in a retinal image. The optic nerve is one of the most important organs in the human retina. Locating the OD position in fundus image is sort of vital for several reasons. Abundant vital retinal pathology may affect the optic nerve. Since the OD could also be simply confounded with large exudative lesions by image analysis techniques. The method is predicted on the preliminary detection of the main retinal vessels. All retinal vessels begin from the OD and their path follows an analogous directional pattern (parabolic course) in all images. Glaucoma detection typically considers the medical history, intra-ocular pressure and field of vision loss tests of a patient together with a manual assessment of the OD, through ophthalmoscopy. Since enlargement of the cup with regard to OD is an vital indicator of glaucoma progression, various parameters are estimated and recorded to assess the glaucoma stage.

1210-1216

Authors: Gaurav Chauhan, Prasad Chaudhari

Speech processing is becoming more and more popular these days providing immense security. Also, many of the projects undertaken by engineers are based on various platforms neglecting security and authentication. The MFCC method used for speech processing is practically acclaimed and provides better results than its other counterparts namely HMM, LPC, WT etc. Furthermore, Android, a largely popular platform providing powerful capabilities and an open architecture is commonly used to have control over a device. The Development of Radio Frequency transmission has led to carving a new technology “Bluetooth”. Bluetooth converges with android to provide a far better controlling platform. This paper aims to brief and use the practical approach of robotics through a popular platform android and the speech recognition method Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC). Also, it gives the industry an optimized method for basking in information regarding temperature, humidity, gas leakage in challenging surroundings and provides security with voice authentication.

1240-1244

Authors: Pradnya Narvekar1, Prof. S. N. Patil2

Early and reliable detection of leaf diseases has important practical relevance, especially in the context of precision agriculture for localized treatment with fungicides. Techniques that can significantly identify leaf diseases would assure fruit quality and minimize losses for Grape fruit farms. Procedures for selecting useful texture features were developed based on a stepwise analysis.. This paper presents approach for integrating image analysis techniques into diagnostic expert systems. The result of applying this approach is presented through the use of grape diseases as a case study

1253-1260

Authors: Sonali N. Malshikare, Prof. V. M. Sardar

The purpose of speech is communication, i.e., the transmission of messages. A message represented as a sequence of discrete symbols can be quantified by its information content in bits, and the rate of transmission of information is measured in bits/second (bps). In speech production, as well as in many human-engineered electronic communication systems, the information to be transmitted is encoded in the form of a continuously varying (analog) waveform that can be transmitted, recorded, manipulated, and ultimately decoded by a human listener. In the case of speech, the fundamental analog form of the message is an acoustic waveform, which we call the speech signal. Speech signals can be converted to an electrical waveform by a microphone, further manipulated by both analog and digital signal processing, and then converted back to acoustic form by a loudspeaker, a telephone handset or headphone, as desired. Signals are usually corrupted by noise in the real world. To reduce the influence of noise, two research topics are the speech enhancement and speech recognition in noisy environments have arose. It provided that better results in terms of performance parameters, processing time and speech signal quality rather than prior methods.

1271-1276

Authors: PRASANTH R K

— The induction motor, known for its robustness, relatively low cost, reliability and efficiency, is the vital part in many research works. The advancement in power semiconductor devices, digital data processing and control has led to great improvements in torque response control of AC motors. Direct Torque control principle has been used for Induction Motor (IM) drives with fast dynamics. DTC has been widely recognized for its fast and robust torque and flux control. Novel approach of the Genetic algorithm scheme for direct torque control (DTC) of an Induction Motor (IM) AC drive is the recent area of research. To improve the performance of conventional DTC, artificial intelligence like neural networks, fuzzy[1][2] are implemented. Though DTC has high dynamic performance, it has few undesirable contents like high ripple in torque, output current and deviations in switching frequency of the inverter. The Z-source converter employs a unique impedance network to couple the converter main circuit to the power source. This provided unique features that cannot be obtained in the traditional voltage-source or current-source converters where a inductor and capacitor are used, respectively.

1285-1290

Authors: J.Vijayashree ., Dr. Persis Urbana Ivy ., J.Jayashree

Ontology is a term in philosophy and its meaning is “theory of existence''. Ontology is an explicit specification of conceptualization. Ontology is a body of knowledge describing some domain, typically common sense knowledge domain. This paper presents a survey of fifteen papers based on ontology. Discussion is made about ontologies used in web, mining and multi agent systems.

1297-1301

Authors: Monal H. Kawadkar1, Dr. S.S.Dorle2

In the recent times it has been seen that wireless network is established with the help of nodes and used them as a monitoring system. But the problem arises that the traffic each node handles is of great extent. Also the security and efficiency in working in emergency situations is very low. It has a limitation over worldwide access everywhere due to non-standardized communication between multiple mobile service provider in the emergency conditions .Hence we are proposing a system for wireless modem control and statistics monitoring in such networks. In this the different nodes will be the intermediate between the user and the mobile service provider. So In this model a user will send its data through a message generator node which will further carried by data forwarder node and at last to the GSM node. A sleep scheduling algorithm is used for efficient energy consumption and avoiding congestion and collision of the messages. So this paper discusses about the technology used for fruitful, reliable and secured communication and monitoring in emergency ad hoc networks.

1307-1311

Authors: Gaurang Bhatawadekar, Budye Salman, Nilesh Chiplunkar, Swapnil Devrukhakar, Singh Akashdeep

The PADDEL OPERATED WASHING MACHINE is a project, which is under taken to solve the problem of electric supply of people. At village, to run washing machine source of power is electricity. In India most of village is suffering from shortage of electricity. So to overcome above problem we select the washing machine, which is operated manually. It required no power supply or diesel supply. This project is low weight & portable can be easily transported. We use simple cycling mechanism to run the washing machine shaft.

1319-1322

Authors: Sameerkhan Pathan1, Shahrukh Khan2, Mohammad Arshad3,Amir Ahmad4,Anand Bali5

In this paper we are presenting comment based Grading and Rating algorithms are best known for their use on e-commerce Web sites,1 where they use input about a customer’s interests to generate a list of recommended items. It is a technique based on the integration of comment mining, sentimental analysis, and the records of customer historical behaviours. The overall process of Comment-Grading can be separated into 5 key steps: 1.Extracting overall comment set of a group category of commodities; 2.Extracting modifier set and negative words set; 3.Acquiring specific comment set; 4.Acquiring specific positive weight set; 5.Acquiring overall item grade set. After these 5 steps, we are able to grade and rank all the items with an acquired grading equation. Then the needed as well as top ranking items can be recommended. Moreover, we utilize the real information of mobiles and their reviews from the famous e-commerce website Amazon.in as our experimental data and discuss some important results which reveal that the Comment-Grading really works well. At last, we also briefly introduce the prototype recommendation system we developed on the basis of Comment-Grading.

1333-1339

Authors: Sarika Jain

Digital images are subjected to blurring due to many hardware limitations such as atmospheric disturbance, device noise and poor focus quality. In order to reveal the detailed information carried in the digital image, image de-blurring or restoration is necessary. Image de-blurring have wide applications, from consumer photography, e.g., remove motion blur due to camera shake, to radar imaging and tomography, e.g., remove the effect of imaging system response. This research is aimed to provide a basic knowledge of image degradation and restoration process. Offline handwriting recognition approaches proceed by segmenting characters into smaller pieces which are recognized separately. The recognition result of a word is then the composition of the individually recognized parts. Inspired by results in cognitive psychology, researchers have begun to focus on holistic word recognition approaches. Here we present a holistic word recognition approach for degraded documents, which is motivated by the fact that for severely degraded documents a segmentation of words into characters will produce very poor results. The quality of the original documents does not allow us to recognize them with high accuracy - our goal here is to produce transcriptions that will allow successful retrieval of images, which has been shown to be feasible even in such noisy environments. We believe that this is the first systematic approach to recognizing words in historical manuscripts with extensive experiments. Our experiment is to clear the degraded documents using some filter approach. We will use wiener filter for removing noise partials from different images using wiener filter algorithm.

1346-1350

Authors: Subahanal Nuzrath1 , Dhanabal2, Sabari3

Multiplier is one of the key arithmetic operations used in most of the high performance digital systems including FIR filters, digital signal processors and microprocessors. With advances in technology, many researchers have tried and are trying to design multipliers which offer either high speed or low power consumption. The proposed multiplier is finding out the best trade off solution between high speed and low power consumption. The splitter based multiplier produces n/2 partial products and overcome many disadvantages of look-up table multiplier, Wallace tree multiplier and booth multiplier.

1357-1362

Authors: M. Mayilvaganan S. Aparna

Information Technology is a part and of every organization currently. From past two decades, IT has grown humongously. All companies collects their day to day transactional business information using Information technology tools and perform analysis on data to run their business smoothly, sustain and grow in the competitive market environment. Information gathering, analysis and prediction is very crucial or organizations profit. Data mining is the area where large analysis of data can be performed and future prediction can be done by statistical techniques. For an IT service company to grow, the human resources, technology, market and innovation play an important role. The following paper explains various researches being done in the factors affecting an IT business growth and how data mining using existing data can help business to grow.

1368-1374

Authors: 1Priyanka R Banswani, 2Prof. Vaishali Tehre

WiMax(Worldwide Interoperability for Microwaves Access) is a promising technology which can offer high speed voice, video and data service up to the customer end. The development of 802.16 standards for BWA (Broadband Wireless Access) technologies was motivated by the rapidly growing need for high-speed, ubiquitous and cost effective access. The WiMAX can also be considered to be the main technology in the implementation of other networks like wireless sensor networks. Developing an understanding of the WiMAX system can be best achieved by looking at a model of the WiMAX system. This paper discusses the model building of the WiMAX System using simulink in Matlab R2013a version. This model is a useful tool for BER (Bit Error Rate) performance evaluation. . In this paper, transmitter and receiver model are simulated to evaluate the performance.

1383-1388

Authors: Harish Laxmichand Sharma, Pankaj Agrawal, RV Kshirsagar

The eminent efficiency protocol is always mandatory for data routing in the network. The protocol’s efficiency to deliver the data reduces due to path loss and leads to retransmission. In available protocols, Ad hoc On-Demand Multipath Distance Vector (AOMDV) which routes the data from source to destination node via multiple paths, however unable to avoid the retransmissions and Secure Ring Broadcast (SRB) routing protocol stabilizes the routes established but cannot neutralize the retransmissions. Due to path loss these retransmissions introduces time delay in data transfer and increases with traffic. But, no efficient protocols are available to neutralize retransmissions. The Effective Retransmission Reducing Ad hoc On-Demand Multipath Distance Vector (ERRAOMDV) routing protocol is proposed to avoid the retransmissions when path loss by making handoff. The retransmission reduces to negligible value as compared to any available protocols as shown in the analytical and simulation results.

1394-1399

Authors: A.Rethinavelsubramanian

An autonomous robot is a robot that performs behaviors or tasks with a high degree of autonomy, which is particularly desirable in fields such as space exploration, cleaning floors, moving lawns, waste water treatment and delivering goods and services. An autonomous robot may also learn or gain new knowledge like adjusting for new methods of accomplishing its tasks or adapting to changing surroundings.

12-20

Authors: Sachi Sharma

The energy of a body is its capacity to do work. It is measured the total amount of work that the body can do. Everything what happens in the world is the expression of flow of energy in one of its forms. Today every country draws its energy needs from a variety of sources. We can broadly categorize these sources as conventional and nonconventional. The conventional sources include the fossil fuels (coal, oil and natural gas), types of nuclear power (Uranium), while the nonconventional sources such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, and geothermal heat, which are renewable. The energy crisis which began in 1973 caused petroleum supplies to decrease and prices to rise exorbitantly. This crisis forced developing countries to reduce or postpone important development programs, so they could purchase petroleum to keep their economies operating. It created the urgent necessity to find and develop alternative energy sources, such as other fossil fuels (coal, gas), nuclear energy, and renewable energy resources. The consumption of energy is directly proportional to the progress of the mankind. With ever growing population, improvement in the living standard of the humankind, Industrialization of developing countries, the global demand for energy is expected to increase significantly in the near future. The primary source of energy is fissile fuel, however these fissile fuel sources are finite also with their fastly widespread use degradation of environment takes place, which causes global warming, urban air pollution and acid rain, It strongly suggest that the time is now come to harness and use the non-conventional and environment friendly energy sources is vital for steering the global energy supplies towards sustainable path. This paper describes in brief the non conventional energy sources and their usage in India.

26-35

Authors: Kiranpreet Kaur1, Amandeep Kaur1, Rupinder Kaur1

Software risks can be defined as uncertainty and loss in project process. Software risk management consists of risk identification, estimation, refinement, mitigation, monitoring and maintenance steps. In this paper,the main focus is on different risk management model and the importance of automated tools in risk managementt. With the automated risk management tool, the prediction of project problem effects that can cause loss in software project in terms of their values on risk factors and rank the risk factors to observe how they can give detail about project problem effects separately. For these purpose five classification methods for prediction of problem impact and two filter feature selection methods for ranking importance of risk factors are used in this study.

44-50

Authors: Karan Sood1, Nagendra sah1

Mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) are self-configuring networks of nodes connected via wireless without any form of centralized administration. This kind of networks is currently one of the most important research subjects, due to the huge variety of applications (emergency, military, etc...). In MANETs, each node acts both as host and as router, thus, it must be capable of forwarding packets to other nodes. Topologies of these networks change frequently. There are three main classes of routing protocols for MANETs: reactive, proactive and hybrid. By studying advantages and disadvantages of each one, a new hybrid routing protocol is proposed. The new scheme of protocol considers utilizing merits of both reactive and proactive protocols, and implements them as a hybrid approach. It allows that a mobile node flexibly runs either a proactive or a reactive routing protocol with its velocity and its traffic. The new routing protocol is evaluated qualitatively. To verify the feasibility, a performance comparison with other typical existing routing protocols[13] is discussed.

58-63

Authors: 1Aditya Kumar Gautam, 2Amanjot Singh

Electrical and electronic equipment’s which become obsolete comes under the category of e-waste. The technical advancement in the society which keeps updated at greater pace creates the problem in handling any of the electronic or electrical device even before becoming an obsolete. This paper includes the predication of amount of E-waste growing trend up to 2020 year. The amount of E-waste generated is increasing at higher rate annually and if not treated properly will not only impact on environment but also on human lives. Future forecasting of sale of electronic devices indicates the amount of e waste to be generated in the upcoming years

71-79

Authors: S.N Sheth1, Prof. A.N.Rathour2

Despite the tremendous development in CNC programming facilities, linear and circular cuts parallel to the coordinate planes continue to be the standard motions of modern CNC machines. However, the increasing industrial demand for parts with intricate shapes cannot be satisfied with only these standard motions. The proportion of parts which are not covered by the standard CNC motions is certainly growing, due to the increasing industrial demand for intricate shapes. So for that we have decided to develop a new CANNED cycle with the help of MACRO (parametric) programming on Hypo cycloid, combined EP-hypo cycloid curve and last for Bezier surface also. we found that this canned cycle would be useful for different application such as cycloidal speed reducer, lobe pump rotor and surface milling without requiring external arrangement like CAD modeling, CNC interpolator etc.

87-92

Authors: Dr. Ananthi Sheshasaayee1, Angela Deepa. V.R2

— Machine translation is one of the major and the most active areas of Natural language processing. Machine translation (MT) is an automatic translation of one natural language into another using computer generated instructions. The utility and power of Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) seems destined to change our technological society in profound and fundamental ways. The current state-of-the-art approach to statistical machine translation,so-called phrase-based models is limited to linguistic information.For a highly agglutinative languages like Tamil developing a linguistic tools and machine translation system is a challenging task. Therefore, extending the phrase-based to factored based approach by tightly integrating additional annotation information at the word level which encompass not only of tokens but a vector of factor representating the levels of annotation. The additional linguistically features enabled in the toll will increase the accuracy of the SMT systems. This paper motivates the use of factored translation models for statistical machine translation systems for better reliable translation for highly morphological languages like Tamil.

101-109

Authors: Shakila Bashir1, Munir Ahmad2

In this paper upper record values from the size-biased Pareto distribution(S-BPD) are studied. Several distributional properties of upper record values from the size-biased Pareto distribution, including probability density function(pdf), cumulative distribution function(cdf), moments, entropy, inverse/negative moments, relations between negative and positive moments, median, mode, joint and conditional pdfs, conditional mean and variance, have been derived. The reliability measures of the upper record values from the S-BPD such as survival function, hazard rate function, cumulative hazard rate function and reversed hazard rate are also discussed. A characterization of the S-BPD based on the conditional expectation of record values is given.

128-146

Authors: S.Panda1, N.H.S Ray2

The study pertains to the investigation of the effect of embedment on the load carrying capacity and settlement of strip foundations on sand reinforced with geogrids. Geogrid being an inextensible reinforcing material is widely used all over the world mainly for retaining walls, abutments slope protection and below the foundation in poor soil. Some research works have been done the investigators regarding the optimum placement of geogrids below surface footing however, the work on centrally loaded embedded foundations reinforced with multilayer of geogrids have not been reported in literature. Therefore in this paper attention is being paid to the load carrying capacity and settlement behavior of centrally loaded embedded footing reinforced with multilayer of gerogrids. Load tests have been carried out for this purpose. Strip foundations are considered and loads were being applied through electrically operated hydraulic jack for greater accuracy. Enkogrid @ PRO-40 has been used at the reinforced material and sand as the medium. The studies conducted show 1. In centrally loaded surface footing the load carrying capacity is increased to about 3.55 times by providing geogrid as reinforcement. The load carrying capacity the reinforced soil increases with increase in the depth of embedment while these decrease in settlement because of placement of geogrid. 2. The number of layers of geogrid has significant effect on load carrying capacity and settlement of foundations. Decrease in the layer of geogrid decreases the load carrying capacity and increases the settlement of foundation.

154-161

Authors: Anil Kumar Gautam1, Mahesh Kumar Aghwariya1

This paper represents a successful comparison of 5T cell with 6T cell. Leakage power of conventional 6T cell at 0.18 µm technology has been calculated and is found to be 37.32 pW. Same technology has been implemented on the 5T cell , by which leakage power has been reduced by 37.59%.Various leakage reduction techniques such as Autobackgate Controlled Multi-threshold CMOS (ABC-MTCMOS), Gated VDD and Dynamic Voltage Scaling (DVS) has been discussed and applied on conventional 6T cache memory cell and same has been apply on 5T cell and compared. Mentor graphics software is for the simulation of the above mentioned SRAM cell

177-181

Authors: Srikrishna S1, Sreenivasulu Reddy. A1, Vani S1

Now days purchasing of automobiles i.e, especially cars in the market is very tough task to the customers due to day to day changes in various technical and operational parameter specifications like style, life span, fuel economy, suspension and cost etc. Therefore to overcome from this confusion state some selection procedure techniques are required. TOPSIS is one the selection procedure technique is adopted for this problem. This technique provides a base for decision-making processes where there are limited numbers of choices but each has large number of attributes. In this paper some cars are considered with different attributes and select the best car using TOPSIS technique.

190-194

Authors: N. Agarwala1

Vector Display Processor allows efficient encoding of topology, and as a result more efficient operations that require topological information can be done, e.g. proximity, network analysis. [1] In this work, a Ram control block has been designed which is a part of Vector Display Processor and the block is synthesized with the test bench and the generating simulation waveform was checked for the inputs and outputs.

199-203

Authors: Surbhi Bhardwaj1, Ashwin Singh Dodan1

With the advancement of technology, a processor is required to have high speed. Multiplication is a critical operation of Digital Signal processing(DSP) applications(like DFT, FFT, convolution etc), Arithmetic and logic unit(ALU), and Multiply and Accumulate(MAC) unit(which is basically a multiplier itself). High Speed Multiplication is thus an essential requirement to increase the performance of processor. In this paper, we are presenting a multiplier, in which the basic multiplication is performed using one of the techniques of Vedic Mathematics, and the accumulation of partial products is done using a specific design. Both the design and the vedic technique, results in a high speed multiplier. Vedic Mathematics is based on 16 sutras, out of which we are using "Urdhva triyagbhyam" sutra. In this technique intermediate products are generated in parallel, that makes multiplication faster. We have synthesized our design using Xilinx ISE tool and compared its speed with "Modified Booth Wallace Multiplier", "High speed Vedic Multiplier" by Ramesh Pushpangadam and "Vedic Mathematics based Multiply Accumulate Unit" by Kabiraj Sethi. Our proposed Design seems to have better speed.

212-219

Authors: Dinesh Kumar1, Mr. Anil Yadav 2,Dr. Mukesh Sharma3

In Mobile Ad hoc network (MANETS), no fixed infrastructure is available. Different wireless hosts are free to move from one location to another without any centralized administration, so, the topology changes rapidly or unpredictably. Every node operates as router as well as an end system. Routing in MANETs has been a challenging task ever since the wireless networks came into existence. The major reason for this is continues changes in network topology because of high degree of node mobility. The MANET routing protocols have mainly two classes: Proactive routing (or table-driven routing) protocols and Reactive routing (or on-demand routing) protocols. In this paper, we have analyzed various Random based mobility models: Random Waypoint model, Random Walk model, Random Direction model and Probabilistic Random Walk model using AODV and DSDV protocols in Network Simulator (NS 2.35). The performance comparison of MANET mobility models have been analyzed by varying number of nodes, type of traffic (CBR, TCP) and maximum speed of nodes. The comparative conclusions are drawn on the basis of various performance metrics such as: Routing Overhead (packets), Packet Delivery Fraction (%), Normalized Routing Load, Average End-to-End Delay (milliseconds) and Packet Loss (%).

229-237

Authors: Devendra Kumar1, Nandkishor S Vansdadiya1, Amit Kumar Kohli1

In this article, we concerned with the performance of high rate space time block code (STBC) scheme for Frequency selective fading Environment. Due to large channel delay spread in Frequency selective channel inter symbol interference (ISI) occurred. In high rate STBC, ISI occurs due to loss of ‘quasi – static’ assumption and Classical Zero forcing (ZF) receiver produces error floor in Bit error rate (BER) performance. In this article we evaluate and proposed low Complexity Zero forcing which reduce the complexity of receiver for detection of high rate STBC and evaluate the performance in m–Nakagami fading environment.

252-260

Authors: K. Rajathi1, A. Rajendran2

- Stable silver nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by chemical reduction of silver nitrate in ionic liquids 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [Emim] BF4 and 1- Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [Emim] PF6 at room temperature. The characterization of the silver nanoparticles such as their size and shape was performed by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) techniques which indicated a size range of 50 to 55 nm. The antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles for three gram negative bacteria and three gram positive bacteria were investigated. It appeared that [Emim] PF6 and its Ag nanoparticles are the most effective products against the tested bacterial stains compared with [Emim] BF4 and its Ag nanoparticles.

266-275

Authors: 1Anamika Mishra, 2D B Jadhav, 3P V Jadhav

ECM emerges out to be one of the major non conventional machining techniques based on Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, highly efficient due to its zero tool wear characteristic. Occurrence of passivation is the major problem faced in ECM. In the present work, study of the flow pattern of electrolyte has been performed so that, the machining variable distribution can be predicted accurately thus passivation can be minimized. A tool was modeled in Pro-E design modeler and study is considered under steady state with turbulence. The model was simulated for various inlet pressures. The results obtained showed that the flow velocity decreases when electrolyte moves towards the work piece and it increases at the outlet. Turbulent kinetic energy and turbulent eddy dissipation rate profile exhibits higher value of turbulence at pressure 1.0 kg/cm2 and 1.4 kg/cm2 whereas at 1.2 kg/cm 2 pressure, turbulence is almost negligible. The MRR is maximum affected by the tool feed rate followed by voltage and least by the electrolyte pressure.The optimize results A2B2C2 gives the best material removal rate (MRR).Hence, from the computational simulation and experimental results it was found that 1.2 kg/cm2 is a optimum value for pressure .

281-287

Authors: Sahana S Bhandari1, Shreyas Srinath1

In this paper, shortest method to solve calculations of number ending with five have been presented. Many facts related to the calculation are proposed through which the entire calculation gets reduced to the level of an eye blink. There are many methods in Vedic Mathematics to multiply any two numbers. They are time consuming since they are not specifically meant for numbers ending with five. This describes the method to find the cube of a number ending with five accurately and very fast. It even describes the shortest method to solve the multiplication of two numbers ending with five. By using these formulas, calculations involving two numbers ending with five can be easily solved. This method can be also used in the field of math coprocessors in computer. This algorithm is tested in matlab(2012a version) . This method can be implemented on vlsi chip for faster multiplication.

293-298

Authors: Meenu Pruthi1, Anurag Singh 2

This paper focus the study of Quality factor of MEMS resonators are analyzed by varying the material of cantilever beam. Modeling and simulation of Thermoelastic Damping (TED) is an important issue in the development of actuators, MEMS resonators, and filters. The energy dissipation mechanism by TED highly affects the Q factor. Here we uses material s Ge, GaAs, PolySi, Single Crystal Si. Out of these material Single crystal shows the better value of Qfactor at eigen frequency (6.304492e5). Modeling and simulation of TED effect on various resonators are done by using COMSOL Multiphysics software. Thus the effect of material properties on the Q factor is also studied in the case of simple fixed-fixed beam resonators.

307-312

Authors: D. Stephen Dingar1, K. Thiripura Sundari 2

A new method is introduced to find fuzzy optimal solution for fuzzy Travelling salesman problems. In this method, intuitionistic trapezoidal fuzzy numbers are utilized to find the fuzzy optimal solution. This proposed method provides some of other fuzzy salesman problem very neighbour optimal solution called fuzzy “neighbouring optimal” salesman. A relevant numerical example is also included

319-325

Authors: Pavitha N1, S.N. Shelke2

- Due to the open nature of a sensor network, it is relatively easy for an adversary to eavesdrop and trace packet movement in the network in order to capture the source and destination physically. Many security protocols have been developed to provide confidentiality for the content of messages whereas contextual information usually remains exposed. Such contextual information can be exploited by an adversary to derive sensitive information such as the locations of monitored objects and data sinks in the field. This paper is a survey of various techniques to provide location privacy in sensor network. We have analysed various techniques to provide location privacy for source node and also for sink node.

338-347

Authors: Ramya Ranjan Choudhury1

This research article presents an overview on massive MIMO systems and its signal processing applications in future trends unlocking the aspects fifth generation of cellular communication. The key technologies includes MIMO integration to emerging technologies like device to device support, heterogeneous networks, base centric architecture for millimeter wave range for developing future generation 5G standard for wireless cellular. The system modeling design is also illustrated thereby providing a direction for meeting high data and bandwidth needs in future by employing massive MIMO cellular networks with current wireless technologies have been identified

354-363

Authors: Muzaffar U Zaman Khan1, Ishtiyaq Majeed Ganaie1

The present study assesses the various physico-chemical parameters of Upper Lake Bhopal. For the analysis, methodology as given in APHA (1995) was followed. The results obtained revealed higher values for some parameters such as free CO2, indicating higher trophic status of the lake as were also reported by Wanganeo and Wanganeo (2006). Chloride values were also recorded on the higher side indicating that the lake waters are fed with sewage and other run-off materials from its catchment area. The calcium and magnesium hardness revealed less hard waters of the lake. The pH values recorded were also of near neutral to alkaline range suggesting well buffered lake waters.

372-278

Authors: Ms Jyoti J. Jadhav

Moving object detection and Tracking has been widely used in diverse discipline such as intelligent transportation system, airport security system, video surveillance applications, and so on. This paper presents the moving object detection and tracking using reference Background Subtraction. In this method, we used Static camera for video and first frame of video is directly consider as Reference Background Frame and this frame is subtract from current frame to detect moving object and then set threshold T value. If the pixel difference is greater than the set threshold T, then it determines that the pixels from moving object, otherwise, as the background pixels. But this fixed threshold suitable only for an ideal condition is not suitable for complex environment with lighting changes. So that in this paper we used dynamic optimization threshold method to obtain a more complete moving objects. This method can effectively eliminate the impact of light changes.

385-388

Authors: Anvita Saxena

A virtual memory system requires efficient page replacement algorithms to make a decision which pages to evict from memory in case of a page fault. Many algorithms have been proposed for page replacement. Each algorithm is used to decide on which free page frame a page is placed and tries to minimize the page fault rate while incurring minimum overhead. As newer memory access patterns were explored, research mainly focused on formulating newer approaches to page replacement which could adapt to changing workloads. This paper attempts to summarize major page replacement algorithms. We look at the traditional algorithms such as Optimal replacement, LRU, FIFO and also study the recent approaches such as Aging, ARC, CAR.

398-402

Authors: Kulkarni Laxmi G1, Dawande Nitin A1

— In order to improve the security of the Military kinds of network this work is proposed. Here the position of missile navigates as per the user’s requirement. The user sends the co-ordinates through pc based server on the base station. For security purpose encryption is done with RC4algorithm implementation. The system that uses Human Computer Interaction and Visualization technology provides several encryption algorithms and key generators.

408-421

Authors: Md. Shadab1, Rahul Davis2

The Mechanical Properties of different materials are determined by conducting various design experimental runs. That should be according to the actual working and operating conditions. In this phenomena the type of applied load(s), its duration and the working conditions play a vital role. Engineering materials are always subjected to external loadings therefore it is of great significance if the effect of these loadings can be quantified. In the current research work an attempt was made to optimize the process parameters with the help of surface treatments in order to maximize the impact toughness and minimize the hardness of EN 31 Steel. For this purpose grey based design of experiment method was used and results works were validated graphically and analytically the obtain result shows the height of the hammer affected the impact toughness significantly on the other hand thermal treatment was the most influenced factor that affected materials hardness significantly.

432-446

Authors: Mayank Rai Nigam1, Mrs Shivangi Bande2

The ARM (Advanced RISC Machine) has developed AMBA (Advanced Microcontroller Bus Architecture) bus protocol which is widely used by System-on-Chip (SoC) designers. Systems-on-Chip are one of the biggest challenges engineers ever faced which result a mix of microprocessor, memories, buses architectures, communication standards, protocol and interfaces.AMBA buses act as the high-performance system backbone bus. It supports the efficient connection of processors, on-chip memories and off-chip external memory interfaces. APB and AHB come under AMBA standard. ARM has come up with its latest on chip bus transfer bus protocol, called AMBA AXI. AXI stands for Advanced Xtensible Interface.From a technology perspective, AMBA AXI (Advanced eXtensible Interface) provides the means to perform low latency, high bandwidth on chip communication between multiple masters and multiple slaves. Moving one stage further, from an implementationperspective, configurability and programmability are becoming vital to ensuring IP can be tuned for a given application or project requirement.

456-460

Authors: Nikhil Gupta1, Rampal Kushwaha2

— Image process is employed in several fields like pc vision, remote sensing, medical imaging, AI etc. In several of those applications the existence of impulsive noise within the noninheritable pictures is one in all the foremost common issues. This noise is usually aloof from a picture by mistreatment median filter because it preserves the perimeters throughout noise removal. pictures can even corrupt by the shot noise, known as salt-and pepper noise. This noise is characterized by spots on the image and is typically related to the noninheritable image because of errors in image sensors and information transmission. This paper makes an attempt to undertake the study of Denoiseing ways . totally different noise densities are removed by mistreatment filters rippling primarily based ways . Fourier remodel technique is localized in frequency domain wherever the rippling remodel technique is localized in each frequency and abstraction domain however each the on top of ways don\'t seem to be information adaptational .In This paper we tend to attempt to presents a review of some important add the realm of image denoising and finds the one is best for image denoising. Here, some in style approaches area unit classified into totally different teams .after that we tend to conclude for best technique for Image Denoising.

465-478

Authors: Dipti R. Shetye1, Dr. S.S.Pimplikar2

- Cash flow is very essential in every construction project as it gives the detail idea about how much money or amount we are spending on project as a cash outflow and how much amount we are getting back from the project as a cash inflow & when we combine the both inflow and outflow with the help of graph we can understood that how much inflow and outflow is their in each month so its easy to compare and to know that how much profit we are getting and also we can plot ‘S’ curve of month Vs cumulative cost from which we can know month wise how much cost get added up to the last month of the project. To define all this in detail I have taken case study of my project in the paper on which I have worked. That is Pebbles 9 Floored building in Bavdhan for this case study I have collected data like item wise quantities in each activity then basic labor & material rates, then total consumption of items for each activity & total BOQ is prepared from that which shows item wise quantity, rate and amount. Then I have used Microsoft project software in this project so I have put all the activities in software as a work breakdown structure i.e. (WBS) then duration for activities given and then linking part is done then set the baseline and tracking part is done by doing tracking grant. It gives planned and actual duration of the project from that we can understand whether project is as per plan or it is lagging and if it is lagging then by how much duration its lagging then resource cost summery report generated in MSP using visual reports for whole project duration and we can do this for each month also to understand how much cost spend on each resource in each month. Then Inflow and Outflow generated then combination of Inflow and outflow generated from which we can understand simultaneously then inflow and outflow in each month so, that we can easily calculate the project duration. Like this cash flow of the any project get generated which is very necessary for clear understanding that how much money we are spending and in that how much money we are getting back.

487-498

Authors: Rohit Pandey1, Rahul Davis2

— Impact testing methodology is findings the applications for determining the impact strength of the different materials. Oneof the most important characteristics of structural steels, toughness is assessed by the Charpy V-notch impact test. The objective of the research was to maximize the impact toughness by selecting various combinations of Charpy Impact test parameters. In this paper, experiments were carried out to Study the Effect of Thermal Treatments (annealing, cryogenic treatment and tempering) on Impact Toughness. Cryogenic treatment (CT) is the supplementary process to conventional heat treatment process in steels, by deep–freezing materials at cryogenic temperatures to enhance the mechanical and physical properties of materials being treated. For this purpose, the temperature was used -196oC as deep cryogenic temperature. The effects of cryogenic temperature (deep), cryogenic time (kept at cryogenic temperature for 36 hr) on the wear behavior of EN24 steel were studied. The findings showed that the cryogenic treatment decreases the retained austenite and hence improves the wear resistance and hardness. The process has various advantages like increase in hardness, increase in wear resistance, reduced residual stresses, fatigue resistance, increased dimensional stability, increased thermal conductivity, toughness, by transformation of retained austenite to martensite, the metallurgical aspects of eta-carbide formation, precipitation of ultra- fine carbides, and homogeneous crystal structure. The findings show that the cryogenic treatment improves the wear resistance and hardness of EN24 steel. En24 steel is generally used in the hardened and tempered condition to achieve an optimum combination of hardness and ductility. In the present study, heat treatment process of En24 steel was done which includes Annealing and Tempering at high temperature. The specimens tempered at different temperatures (in the range 473–823 K) exhibited decreasing hardness with increase in tempering temperature. Response surface methodology was adopted in designing the experiments for three factors with 27 levels.

504-409

Authors: SunilKumar Vats1, Hitanshu Saluja2

In this paper parameters of the micro strip patch antenna (MSA) which is feed by co–axial feed technique is enhanced by using the DGS technique, and comparing the results of different DGS shapes with the original MSA antenna using the HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator), which is a commercially available electromagnetic simulator based on finite element method and adaptive meshing technique to achieve the desired specification.

518-522

Authors: Manish Kumar Bharti1, Sonia Chalia2

The present study has been aimed to investigate the stabilization effects imposed by the addition of Copper (II) Nitrate (Trihydrate) (Cu(NO3)2.3H2O) on the phase modification (II) of Ammonium Nitrate (AN) and eventually on its thermal decomposition behavior. Cu(NO3)2.3H2O was co-crystallized with AN in weight percentages as 3%, 6% and 10% for the preparation of three samples of Phase Stabilized Ammonium Nitrate (PSAN). The thermal decomposition behaviors of untreated AN and prepared samples of PSAN were assessed and compared using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) to observe the effectiveness of Cu(NO3)2.3H2O as a potential stabilizer. The present study indicated that Cu(NO3)2.3H2O, in low weight percentages, was able to provide a significant delay in the onset temperature range of near-room-temperature phase modification (III) of AN occurring at around 32 °C– 34 °C. Also, increasing weight percentage of Cu(NO3)2.3H2O in the composition resulted in the complete stabilization of phase modification (II) occurring at around 85 °C– 87 °C.

531-540

Authors: Sonia Chalia1

The main objective is to find out the environmental effects on the Flexible porous vertical structure and its stability when exposed to different parameters of waves and current. A numerical model of 2D net is modeled and simulated to analyze the response of the structure and tension in the mooring lines in these conditions. The system included a flexible net attached to floaters on the top and weight suspended on the bottom and high tensioned mooring with fixed floatation. The analysis is performed by OrcaFlex software which is a 3D non-linear time domain finite element program capable of dealing with arbitrarily large deflections of the flexible from the initial configuration. Input forcing parameters in the model consisted of regular waves, with or without steady current. The results analyzed are the effect of different wave, wave height, wave period, influence of the floater movement on the structural forces in the net, current on mooring line tension, and how the bottom weight affects the mooring line tension.

549-561

Authors: 1Amit Garg, 2Sunil Dhingra

Counter rotating longitudinal vortices produced by winglet in a channel is known to enhance heat transfer. In the present investigation, numerical simulation are performed to study forced convection heat transfer and friction loss behavior in a triangular ribbed channel with longitudinal winglet vortex generator for turbulent airflow through constant heat flux. The cross-section of the ribs placed inside the opposite channel walls to create a reverse flow is an isosceles triangle shape. The rib arrangement, is of staggered array, are introduced. Also, two pairs of the WVGs with various attack angles (a) of 600, 450 and 300 are mounted on the test duct entrance to create a longitudinal vortex flow through the test channel. Work are carried out for a rectangular duct of aspect ratio, AR = 10 and height, H = 30 mm with a single rib height, e/H = 0.13 and rib pitch, P/H = 1.33. The flow rate is in terms of Reynolds numbers based on the inlet hydraulic diameter of the channel ranging from 5200 to 22,000. The processes in solving the simulation consist of modeling and meshing the basic geometry using the package ANSYS-CFD. Then the boundary condition will be set before been simulate in Fluent based on the research paper’s experimental data. Finally result has been examined in CFD-Post. This work presents a numerically study on the mean Nusselt number, friction factor and thermal enhancement characteristics. The simulation results show a significant effect of the presence of the rib turbulator and the WVGs on the heat transfer rate and friction loss over the smooth wall channel. The values of Nusselts number and friction factor for utilizing both the rib and the WVGs are found to be considerably higher than those for using the rib or the WVGs alone.

582-588

Authors: Shalini Verma1, Dr. R. K. Singh2

Biometrics do not provide unique identification. The matching process is probabilistic and is liable to measureable lapse error. A mistaken verfication or identification where the wrong person is matched against an enrolled user is termed a False Acceptance and the rate at which these occur is the False Acceptance Rate (FAR). Conversely, an error that occurs where a legitimate user fails to be recognised is termed a False Rejection and the corresponding rate is the False Rejection Rate (FRR). These errors are dependent not only on the technology but also on the application and the environment of use.

599-603

Authors: R. Shukla1, P. Rakshe2, S. Lokhandwala1, S. Dugad1, P. Khandekar2, C. Garde2, S. Gupta1

In the past few years Silicon Photo-multiplier (SiPM) has emerged as a new detector in various applications due to its promising characteristics for low light detection. However SiPM has certain limitations out of which temperature dependence of gain is an important parameter which limits the application fields to temperature controlled or indoor environment. Change in temperature changes the breakdown voltage and hence the gain; therefore the biasing voltage needs to be trimmed according to temperature for maintaining the constant gain. This paper explores different power supply techniques that have been used for SiPM. Many commercial power supplies are compared and different approaches which are tried by various research groups for maintaining stable gain are discussed.

617-623

Authors: Meenu 1, Priyanka Singla1, Rakesh Batra1

Focused Crawler aims to select relevant web pages from internet. These pages are relevant to some predefined topics. Previous focused crawlers have a problem of not keeping track of user interest and goals .The topic weight table is calculated only once statically and that is less sensitive to potential changes in environment. To address this problem we design a focused crawler based on dynamic computation of topic keywords and their weights. This weight table is constructed according to user query. To check the similarity of web page with respect to the topic keywords, a cosine similarity function is used and priority of extracted links is calculated.

629-634

Authors: Mohammad reza kahoorzadeh1, Masoud dehghani2

Embankments or earth dams are of important structures which have considerable application in the vast area of geotechnical engineering. The control of different geotechnical phenomena such sliding, and overturning and settlement of the clayey dams has high research priority from which a strong controlling tool obtains for engineers and managers. In this article, the dynamic or seismic deformation of embankments is investigated by finite element modeling in ANSYS software. The Young modules ratio of models was defined as the crest elasticity modules relative to the soft soil elasticity modules of the foundation. It is indicated that the higher value of elasticity ratio yields the lower amount of dynamic horizontal displacement and higher dynamic vertical displacement. Comparing the results with the literature indicated a good agreement in aspect of dynamic displacements. Finally dams with better seismic performance are introduced.

641-647

Authors: Shahbaz Ali Khidri¹, Shakir Hussain Memon², Aamir Jameel³

- Braille is vital to all visually impaired individuals and it’s the only system through which visually impaired children can learn to read and write, yet the rate of Braille literacy among visually impaired people belonging to developing countries including Pakistan is alarming low. Today in developing countries less than 3% of visually impaired children are learning to read Braille in school. This continues despite the fact that studies have shown that 80% of all employed visually impaired people read and write Braille fluently. Thus, Braille literacy is the key to employment and full participation in society. This research paper presents the design of a low-cost, low-power, portable, self-learning, and user friendly Braille system. The designed system serves as Braille writing and reading tutor, so visually impaired people can enhance their Braille writing and reading skills without the assistance of a Braille teacher. The designed system takes the input through Braille keyboard and produces the speech output and it also has the capability to read documents. It is believed that by implementing the designed Braille system in schools and homes, Braille literacy rate can be increased and visually impaired people can be employed and can fully participate in society.

660-677

Authors: Kalpna Varshney

Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) are allotropes of carbon with a nanostructure that can have a length-to-diameter ratio greater than 1,000,000. These cylindrical carbon molecules have novel properties that make them potentially useful in many applications in nanotechnology. Formally derived from the grapheme sheet they exhibit unusual mechanical properties such as high toughness and high elastic moduli. Referring to their electronic structure, they exhibit semiconducting as well as metallic behavior and thus cover the full range of properties important for technology. Nanotubes are categorized as single-walled nanotubes and multiple walled nanotubes. Techniques have been developed to produce Nanotubes in sizeable quantities, including arc discharge, laser ablation, chemical vapor deposition, silane solution method and flame synthesis method. The properties and characteristics of CNTs are still being researched heavily and scientists have barely begun to tap the potential of these structures. Without doubt, carbon nanotubes represent a material that offers great potential, bringing with it the possibility of breakthroughs in a new generation of devices, electric equipment and bio fields. Overall, recent studies regarding CNTs have shown a very promising glimpse of what lies ahead in the future of CNTs in nanotechnology, optics, electronics, and other fields of materials science.

683-691

Authors: Meenakshi, Dr. R.K Singh, Prof. A.K Singh

Analysis of EEG signals shows that the range of frequency for epileptic seizure in a neurological disorder which needs to be detected at an early stage to know their specific needs and to help them survive with the problem. In reference to the India population 0.6 to 0.8% is affected by seizure, which is the common neurological disease just after the knock, of which 3o% have not been able to gain any control over their seizure using current pharmacological treatment measure [1-2].KNN and Linear discriminate analysis are used to detect the discrete emotions (surprise, happy, fear, neutral and disgust) of human through EEG signals. We measure EEG signals frequency range relating to seizure, divide them into five different domain such as α, β, γ, δ and θ related to the total range, and eliminate frequency distribution through FFT of EEG signals to compare the difference between seizure and healthy subject. The resulting calculations are based on the selected frequency range.

697-707

Authors: N. BalajiGanesh1,Dr. B Chandra Mohan Reddy2

Modernization and increase in the number of automobiles worldwide, the consumption of diesel and gasoline has enormously increased. As petroleum is non renewable source of energy and the petroleum reserves are scarce nowadays, there is a need to search for alternative fuels for automobiles. The intensive search for alternative fuels for compression ignition engines has been focused attention on fuels which can be derived from bio mass in this regard cashew nut oil and cottonseed oil is found to be a potential fuel for C.I Engines. The properties of cashew nut oil and sunflower oil are determined by using standard methods. The experiment is to be conduct when the engine fuelled with mixing of cashew nut oil, cottonseed oil and its blends in various proportions like 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% by volume and then investigate the performance and emission characteristics of C.I Engine at different load conditions

716-718

Authors: Roopesh Kumar1,Diljeet Singh Chundawat2, Prabhat Kumar Singh3

- Extracting knowledge from spatial data like GIS data is important to reduce the data and extract information. GIS data also contains information about accidents at certain place and road conditions. Such data contains useful information for the traffic risk analysis. But such information are not directly present in the dataset. Hence spatial data mining technique is needed to extract knowledge from these databases. The previous work shows unpractical approach to multi- layer geo-data mining. That means the information from various sources are combined based on the data relation and data mining is performed on the relation. The efficiency of risk factor evaluation requires

730-737

Authors: Yamini Upadhyay1, Vikas Wasson1

- Image segmentation denotes a process by which a raw input image is partitioned into non-overlapping regions such that each region is homogenous and connected. This paper directly deals with locating and thus measuring the size of cancer affected area. It also proposes to reduce the time and manual efforts included in studying the MR images of the patient, thus saving the precious time of the doctors. The aim of this paper is to simplify the obnoxious study problems related to the study of MR images. Over the time, study of MR images related to cancer detection in the liver or abdominal area has been difficult. The reason is countered as the shape complexity and over lapping of liver with other organs. Watershed technique has been used as the base technique to compare the results with the proposed technique Genetic algorithm. A tabular comparative analysis has been given on the bases of results of both the techniques.

742-746

Authors: Monika Dhakla1, Dr S.K. Verma2

For several years, the problem of durability of concrete structure has been a major problem posed to engineers. To make durable concrete structure, sufficient compaction is required. Excess of vibration causes segregation whereas under vibration leads to improper compaction. Answer to this problem is Self compacting concrete(SCC) which can get compacted into every corner of form work and gap between steel, purely by means of its own weight and without the need for compaction. Durability of concrete depends largely upon the permeability of concrete that is defined as the ease with which it allows the fluids to pass through it. This paper aims to focus on experimental study of permeability test on selected SCC trial mixes after giving different exposure condition. A suitable mix was selected on the basis of self compactability properties which can be checked by various tests such as slump test, U Box test, L Box test and V Funnel test. The various specimens were exposed to different conditions such as normal (lab environment), heat cool cycles and wet dry cycles. The results of the exposed specimens was compared with the specimen cast and kept at room temperature so as to estimate the durability parameters for duration of one month.

754-761

Authors: Vivek Kumar Sharma1, Aisha Rafi1

The problem of unsteady mixed convection heat and mass transfer near the stagnation point of a three-dimensional porous body in the presence of magnetic field, chemical reaction and heat source or sink is analyzed. Similarity transformation and Homotopy Perturbation Method are used to solve the transformed similarity equations in the boundary layer. Velocity distribution and temperature distribution are shown through graphs for various physical parameters and coefficients of skin friction and heat transfer are present through tables.

769-779

Authors: Vishal N. Kshirsagar1, Dr. S..K Choudhary2, Prof. A.P Ninawe2

This paper describes about the design of various components of can or plastic bottle crusher machine. This machine is widely used in beverage industries or in scrap dealers shop to reduce the volume of the cans/bottles. Hence in this design of various parts are necessary, and design of various parts due to which the design quality of those parts will be improved. There are so many researchers who have done work on design and analysis also, but still there are so many areas of scope regarding this design. Overall, this project involves processes like design, fabrication and assembling of different components etc. After all process has been done, this crusher may help us to understand the fabrication and designing that involved in this project.

785-791

Authors: Gourav Arora1, Poonam2, Anurag Singh3

High Read and Write Noise Margin is one of the important challenges of SRAM design. This paper analyzes the read stability and write ability of 6T and 7T SRAM cell structures at different technologies. SRAM cell stability analysis is typically based on Static Noise Margin (SNM) investigation and SNM affects both read and write margin. This paper represents the simulation of both SRAM cells and their comparative analysis on the basis of RNM and WNM. The 7T SRAM cell provide higher read and write noise margin as compared to 6T SRAM cell at different technologies. All simulations of SRAM cells have been carried out on 45nm, 32nm and 22nm CMOS technology at Tanner EDA tool.

802-808

Authors: Kamal Kumar Pradhan1, Bhoumika Sahu1, Hemrani Gajendra1

The review paper describes major designs of adaptive jet engines as well as their structural and operational advantages. Particular attention paid to a double-rotor engine designed by Pratt & Whitney, where a portion of air is bled from downstream of the compressor and then supplied to the area downstream the turbine when the engine is operated at its maximum performance (turbine bypass engine).Actual thermodynamic cycles of such engines and energy balance of flows. It was shown that real working cycles of these engines represent figures with variable surface areas, which is the reason for the second name of these units – engines with variable thermodynamic cycle. Engine parameters were measured in order to facilitate the recognition of incipient engine difficulties. In addition, a successful effort was made to operate the engines satisfactorily when they were severely damaged. The analysis has been conducted separately for internal and external channel. The sensitivity analysis for the working cycle makes it possible to select parameters that are potentially controllable and adjustable. To sum up the foregoing deliberations one has to state that operation of turbojet adaptive engines is the topic that needs much more investigation. Even the design solution of the engine itself, although being really exciting and promising, is troublesome in the aspects of the design and process engineering, and will lead to a series of operation and maintenance problems.

815-824

Authors: 1Deepak Kumar

— In present work, the time independent laminar flow of a viscous, incompressible fluid in two dimensions flow has been studied. The fluid had been allowed to flow in a channel with an obstruction which was a rectangular plate of definite dimensions. The flow of water had been considered to be steady with uniform incident velocity with various boundary conditions. The resulting Navier- Stokes equations had been solved with the help of software “FLEX PDE”. Reynolds number had been varied as 10, 50, 100 and variation of streamlines, velocity, and pressure along with flow pattern in the form of velocity vector had been investigated.

831-835

Authors: 1Pallavi Aggarwal, Yashasvi Rawal

Handwritten character recognition is a challenging task in the field of research on image processing, artificial intelligence as well as machine vision since the handwriting varies from person to person. Moreover, the handwriting styles, sizes and its orientation make it even more complex to interpret the text. The numerous applications of handwritten text in reading bank cheques, Zip Code recognition and in removing the problem of handling documents manually has made it necessary to acquire digitally formatted data. This paper presents the recognition of handwritten characters using either a scanned document, or direct acquisition of image using Matlab, followed by the implementation of various other Matlab toolboxes like Image Processing and Neural Network Toolbox to process the scanned or acquired image. Experimental Results are given to present the proposed model in order to recognize handwritten characters accurately.

842-851

Authors: Gegbe. B1, Kokofele I1

Malaria remains the leading cause of both morbidity and mortality in Sierra Leone, especially among young children, despite the strive to reduce the infection rates over the past decade, and if robust mechanism is not put in place, for the eradication of the disease then the notion would still be faced with challenges in controlling of malaria that may have greater effect on under-five children. The main purpose of this research is to evaluate the efficiency of under-five malaria treatments administered in the Kenema Government Hospital. The study was descriptive and designed to evaluate under-five malaria treatment using chi-square test. The researcher used 12274 reported cases of morbidity within the period 2010 to 2012 for under-five children and 385 were mortality cases (death cases as a result of malaria) and 11916 reported cases of those treated and recovered. The study was descriptive and designed to evaluate under-five malaria treatment using chi-square test. In 2012, there was a rapid increased of 42% in morbidity reported cases with 4028 cases reported which was almost five times the morbidity cases in 2010. It sounds alarming and worrisome for a district in the eastern part of Sierra Leone. It can be observed that the rate of morbidity cases was getting higher every year in under- five children in Kenema District. In 2012 there were 3897 under five children reported to survive out of 4072 morbidity cases which indicate 40% increased of survival for under- five children in the Kenema Government District Hospital. Again, from 2011 to 2012 the chances of survival for children were almost the same as chances of morbidity cases. Moving toward 2013, there were clear indications that the rate of morbidity may increase at a proportion equal to recovery rate. There is no significant defence between the morbidity and those treated and recovered (survived) which implies that the many challenges that were faced by this hospital management were overcame. These challenges may exist in the form of number of beds available, number of qualified doctors and nurses, use of appropriate and available drugs for the treatment of malaria etc. However in mist of these challenges the management was able to treat and recover a lot of cases though more morbidity cases waiting in queue

14-20

Authors: Sreenivasulu Reddy. A1, Sreenath K1, Abdul Shafi M1

Computer Aided Process Planning (CAPP)system is an important production activity in the manufacturing industry to generate process plans that contains the required information of machining operations, machining parameters (speeds, feeds and depth of cuts), machine tools, setups, cutting tools and accessories for producing a part as per given part drawing. In this context, to generate the optimum process plans, one of the AI based meta heuristic algorithm is used i.e., Teaching–Learning Based Optimization (TLBO) to solve the process planning problem to minimize operation sequence cost and machining time based on the natural phenomenon of teaching–learning process like in the class room.

27-32

Authors: Anusaya Salwe1, Ashwin U. Bhagat1, Mohitkumar G.Gabhane1

The rapid growth in high speed multi-functional miniaturized electronics demands more stringent thermal management. The present work numerically investigates the use of perforated pin fins to enhance the rate of heat transfer. In particular, the numbers of horizontal perforations, horizontal diameters of perforation on each pin-fin are studied. Results show that heat transfer in perforated pin fin is greater than solid pin fin. Pressure drop with perforated pins is reduced as compared with that in solid fins and more surface area get available which enhance the convective heat transfer.

43-50

Authors: Shilpa Kamde1, Dr. Saanjay Badjate2, Pratik Hajare1

In modern VLSI design, Domino logic based design technique is widely used and in which power ignites the speed of circuit. The Dynamic (Domino) logic circuit are often favored in high performance designs because of the high speed and low area advantage. But in integrated circuits, the power consumed by clocking gradually takes a dominant part, and therefore our research work in this paper is mainly focused on to study the comparative performance of various domino logic based techniques proposed recently in last decade viz. basic logic domino technique, domino with keeper, high speed leakage tolerant domino, low swing domino logic and domino logic with variable threshold voltage keeper, sleep switch dual threshold voltage domino. This work evaluates the performance of the different domino techniques in terms of delay, power and their product on BSIM4 model using Agilent Advanced Design System tool. The domino techniques compared in this work were found to have optimized area, power, delay and hence better power delay product (PDP) as compared with standard domino. The main focus of this research work is to find the best possible trade off that would optimize multiple goals viz. area, power, speed and noise immunity at the same time to meet the multi-objective goal for our future research work.

55-59

Authors: G. Sri Lakshmi1, A Ganga Mani2

The focus of this Paper is the design of Network Router and verifies the functionality of the eight port router for network on chip using verilog qualifies the Design for Synthesis and implementation. This Design consists of Registers, FSM and FIFO’s. This Router design contains Eight output ports and one input port, it is packet based Protocol. Router drives the incoming packet which comes from the input port to output ports based on the address contained in the packet.. The router has an active low synchronous input resetn which resets the router. Thus the idea is borrowed from large scale multiprocessors and wide area network domain and envisions on chip routers based network. This helps to understand how router is controlling the signals from source to destination based on the header adders.

66-75

Authors: Mrunal P.Kshirsagar1, Trupti J. Kansara1, Swapnil M. Aher1

– Conventional heat exchangers are large in size and heat transfer rate is also less and in conventional heat exchanger dead zone is produce which reduces the heat transfer rate and to create turbulence in conventional heat exchanger some external means is required and the fluid in conventional heat exchanger is not in continuous motion with each other. Tube in tube helical coil heat exchanger provides a compact shape with its geometry offering more fluid contact and eliminating the dead zone, increasing the turbulence and hence the heat transfer rate. An experimental setup is fabricated for the estimation of the heat transfer characteristics. A wire is wounded in the core to increase the turbulence in turn increases the heat transfer rate. The paper deals with the pitch variation of the internal wounded wire and its result on the heat transfer rate. The Reynolds number and Dean number in the annulus was compared to the numerical data. The experimental result was compared with the analytical result which confirmed the validation. This heat exchanger finds its application mostly in food industries and waste heat recovery.

92-101

Authors: Nikhil Gedam 1

The mechanical cotton picker is a machine that automates cotton harvesting in a way that reduces harvest time and maximizes efficiency. To develop a mechanical cotton picker with the intent on replacing manual labor. The first pickers were only capable of harvesting one row of cotton at a time, but were still able to replace up to forty hand laborers The current cotton picker is a self-propelled machine that removes cotton lint and seed (seed-cotton) users rows of barbed spindles that rotate at high speed and remove the seed-cotton from the plant. The seed-cotton is then removed from the spindles by a counter-rotating doffer and is then blown up into the basket the plant at up to six rows at a time. The picker or spindle type machine was designed to pick the open cotton from the bolls using spindles, fingers, or prongs, without injuring the plant's foliage and unopened bolls. In this cotton picking by spindle type machine will resul in sshort fibre content ,micronair and fibre length will indirectly looses the fibre strength quality as compare to hand picking machine.over come to these problem make a cotton picking machine by suction will made a pressure equal to the hand picking( 100gm)

110-114

Authors: Shweta A.Tambe1, Nikita P. Joshi\1, P.S. Topannavar1

Online voting system that helps to manage elections easily and securely. With the help of steganography one can try to provide a biometric as well as password security to the voters account. The system will make a conclusion whether the voter is correct person or not. System uses voters fingerprint image as cover image and embed voter’s secret data into the image using steganography. This method produces a stego image which is equal to the original fingerprint image only. On the whole there are changes in the original fingerprint image & stego image but they are not visible by human eye.

122-127

Authors: P.Vijayakumar1, Sai Keerthi Varikuti1

- Spectrum sharing without interfering to the primary users is one of the challenging issue in cognitive networks, at the same time power control is one of the feasible solution for spectrum sharing without disturbing the primary user to achieve required performance at cognitive radio. In this paper one Zigbee is configured as primary user and another Zigbee as secondary user which together forms a cognitive network. Here the implementation of the designed setup is carried out by analyzing signal strength , transmit power level assignment and routing algorithm on specific transceiver model of IEEE 802.15.4/Zigbee on Arduino board which leads to better performance of cognitive radio to access spectrum.

137-142

Authors: PriyankaA.Wankhade1, Prof. Avinash P.Wadhe 2

Data mining is an art which is used and applied discipline for grown out the various statistical pattern recognition,learning macheine,and artificial intelligence which is combined with business decision making to optimize and enhance it.Initially the techniques of Data mining have been applied to the already structured data from the database. The highly usage of computers makes data mining affordable for small companies but on the other hand the invention of cheap massive memory and digital recording electronic devices allowed the misuse of the private sector such as corporate,governmental and private documents.for ex-e-mail message from customer,recording from telephonic conversation between customers and operators.to handle such condition multimedia data mining is available.The aim of multimedia data mining is to process media data alone or combination with other data for finding patterns usefull for business.

147-153

Authors: Muhammad Kashif1, Munawar Saleem Ahmad1, Iftikhar Fareed2

Geographical sero-prevalence of Anaplasma marginale (T) in sheep, Ovis aries (L) was done from January-May, 2012 in district Peshawar which is a crowded area of Pakistan. In this area sheep’s infection with A. marginale is not reported before. For this purpose, 376 serum samples were obtained conveniently from 4 different breeds of sheep, from different geographical areas of Peshawar. An indirect ELISA using recombinant MSP-5 as antigen of A. marginale, was performed. Totally, 92/376 (24.47%) of the overall sheep sera were positive. In 6 areas of Peshawar, Peshthakhara and Mashokhel area were found highly infected i.e. 32.00% and 32.00% respectively, while Ghazi baba area was less infected comparatively. While age wise, adults were highly infected specially turkai ones. This is the first record of A. marginale showing high rate infection in sheep in Peshawar, Pakistan, This research should be useful in epidemiological applications.

162-167

Authors: Yasodharan S1, Swamynathan S M2

BIST is a viable approach to test today's digital systems. During self-test, the switching activity of the Circuit Under Test (CUT) is significantly increased compared to normal operation and leads to an increased power consumption which often exceeds specified limits. The proposed method generates Multiple Single Input Change (MSIC) vectors in a pattern. The each generated vectors are applied to a scan chain is an SIC vector. A class of minimum transition sequences is generated by the use of a reconfigurable Johnson counter and a scalable SIC counter. The proposed TPG method is flexible to both the test-per-scan schemes and the test-per-clock. A theory is also developed to represent and analyze the sequences and to extract a class of MSIC sequences. The proposed BIST TPG decreases transitions that occur at scan inputs during scan shift operations and hence reduces switching activity in the CUT. As the switching activity is reduced, the power consumption of the circuit will also be reduced.

170-178

Authors: Jasveen Kaur1, Amandeep Kaur1, Prabhjot Kaur1

This study is going to provide directions to open source practitioners to better organize their projects to achieve greater performance. In this research, we try to understand socio-technical interactions in a system development context by examining the joint effect of developer team structure and open source software architecture on OSS development performance. We hypothesize that developer team structure and software architecture significantly moderate each other’s effect on OSS development performance. Empirical evidence supports our hypotheses and suggests that Larger teams tend to produce more favorable project performance when the project being developed has a high level of structural interdependency while projects with a low level of structural interdependency require smaller teams in order to achieve better project performance. Moreover, centralized teams tend to have a positive impact on project performance when the OSS project has a high level of structural interdependency. However, when a project has a low level of structural interdependency, centralized teams can impair project performance.

189-194

Authors: Alok kumar1, Dinesh Kumar1,Ritesh Kumar1

This report presentsdifferent components and its various configurations along with the feasibility of using solar energy as a potential source of heat for deriving a stirling engine. In addition to this it contains the design details of various parts of stirling engine and details of materials used.Engine parts being of mild steel, aluminium and cast iron so turning, facing, grinding, cutting, threading, tapping operations were used in the fabrication of stirling engine. There is design calculation of different components of stirling engine and parabolic dish as hot cylinder calculations, hot (Displacer) piston calculations, cold cylinder calculations, cold piston calculations, connecting rod calculations, calculations of flywheel, parabolic dish calculations is performed.

201-206

Authors: Pradnya Meshram 1, Prof. S.S. Wankhede2

- Driver-assistance systems that monitor driver intent, warn drivers or assist in vehicle guidance are all being actively considered. This paper present computer vision system designed for recognizing road boundary and a number of objects of interest including vehicles, pedestrians, motorcycles and bicycles. The system is designed using Hough transform and Kalman filters to improve the accuracy as well as robustness of the road environment recognition. A Kalman filter object can be configured for each physical object for multiple object tracking. To use the Kalman filter, the moving object must be track. The results are then used as the road contextual information for the following procedure, in which, particular objects of interest, including vehicles, pedestrians, motorcycles and bicycles, are recognized by using a multi-class object detector. The results in various typical but challenging scenarios show the effectiveness of the system.

232-238

Authors: N.U.Kakde 1, D B Meshram 1 ,G R Jodh1,A.S.Puttewar1

Today, evolution of science and technology has reached tremendous rate. Major breakthroughs in sciences, technology, medicine, and engineering make our everyday life more and more comfortable. Today it is nearly impossible to find an engineer who does not use complex mathematical tools for formal modeling of design products, CAD systems for drawings, electronic handbooks and libraries, and the Internet to find necessary data, information, and knowledge. But what happens when we need to invent a radically new solution? To generate a new idea? To solve a problem when no known problem solving methods provide results? What tools and methods do we have to cope with these situations? It happens that when it comes to producing new ideas, we still rely heavily on thousands-years-old trials and errors method. It is good when a new brilliant and feasible idea is born quickly. But what price we have to pay for it most of the time? Waste of time, money and human resources. Can we afford this today, when competition is accelerating every day and capability to innovate becomes a crucial factor of survival? Certainly, not. But if there is anything that can help? Fortunately, the answer is “yes”. To considerably improve innovative process and avoid costly trials and errors, leading innovators use TRIZ, a scientifically-based methodology for innovation. Relatively little known outside the former Soviet Union before the 90th, it rapidly gained popularity at world-leading corporations and organizations, among which are DSM, Hitachi, Mitsubishi, Motorola, NASA, Procter & Gamble, Philips, Samsung, Siemens, Unilever, just to name a few. This article presents a brief overview of TRIZ and some its techniques with focus on technological applications of TRIZ.

247-255

Authors: Samiksha Soni1, Manisha Sharma1

In recent years SVD has gained wide importance in the field of digital watermarking. In this paper the fundamental of SVD and quantization based watermarking algorithm is discussed and a modified hybrid algorithm is proposed. In this work cascade combination of DCT and SVD is applied to design a robust watermarking system. This work exploits the features of both DCT and SVD. We implemented the same algorithm in three variants where these variation lies in the embedding procedure of watermark bit ‘1’. Simulation result shows that minor change in embedding formula has significant impact on robustness of the system. To check the robustness of the proposed work it is subjected to variety of attacks and robustness is measured in terms of normalized correlation and bit error rate.

268-276

Authors: N.Shanthini1, P.Rajasekar1, Dr. H.Mangalam1

Information security has become an important issue in the modern world and also the technology is going to increase very fast.Data encryption & decryption method were more popular for real-time security communication application used in nowadays. For that purpose AES has to be proposed. One of the most critical problem in AES is the power consumption. In this paper presents an optimized composite field arithmetic based S-Box implemented in four stage pipeline.Here we mainly concentrate the power consumption of S box which is the most power consuming block in AES. The construction procedure for implementing Galois Field (GF) combinational logic based S-Box is presented here. S Box operation is divided in to the GF based multiplication and inverse operation and illustrated in a step-by-step manner. The XC2VP30 device of Xilinx FPGA is used to validate the power with VHDL code for the proposed architecture. Power consumption has been measured by Xpower analyser tool in ISE 14.7 design suite.

286-291

Authors: Varsha Singh1, Vinay Kumar Jain2, Dr. Neeta Tripathi3

This paper presents a brief survey of feature extraction techniques used in language identification (LID) system. The objective of the language identification system is to automatically identify the specific language from a spoken utterance. Also the LID system must perform quickly and accurately. To fulfill this criteria the extraction of the features of acoustic signals is an important task because LID mainly depends on the language-specific characteristics. The efficiency of this feature extraction phase is important since it strongly affects the performance and quality of the system. There are different features which are used in LID are cepstral coefficients, MFCC, PLP, RASTA-PLP, etc

298-301

Authors: Gayathri.M1,Pushpalatha.R1, Yuvaraja.T2

A new approach of image watermarking based on RSA encryption technique for the lossless medical images has been proposed. This paper presents a strategy of attaining maximum embedding capacity in an image in a way that to determine the amount of information to be added in each pixel, maximum possible neighboring pixels are analyzed for their frequencies. The technique provides a seamless insertion of image into carrier video, and reduces the error assessment and artifacts insertion required to a minimal. Two or more bits in each pixel can be used to embed message, which has high risk of delectability and image degradation to increase the embedding capacity. The RSA techniques might use a significant bit insertion scheme, the bits of data added in each pixel remains constant or a variable least significant bit insertion in which the number of bits added in each pixel vary on the surrounding pixels to avoid degrading the image fidelity.

315-324

Authors: Ajayraj S Solanki1,Umang R Soni2, Palak Patel1

Water is the basic need for man to sustaining life on the earth. With the passage of time due to technical usage and their waste disposal along with ignorance of human being caused water pollution, which led the world towards water scarcity. To resolve this problem Solar Distillation is one of the best Techniques from available another techniques. But, due to its lower productivity it cannot be commercial in the market. So that Lots of work can be done to improve the solar still efficiency or productivity. This experimental has been carried out to measure the effect of black ink on the hemispherical solar still. With different water depth and constant proportion of ink in the water and with same depth of water increasing the proportion of ink in the water has been compared to the simple hemispherical solar still. From this experimental study, it has been observed that the productivity of hemispherical solar still increased with decreasing the water depth. The productivity of hemispherical solar still has been increased with 1.25% black ink added up to 17% to 20%, and for 2% black ink added it increased up to 25%.

329-333

Authors: P.Kalaiarasi1, R. Sujitha1, V.Krishnakumar2

- To propose a high performance LTE system. The performance of an LTE system is enhanced in two stages. The first stage is to reduce the high peak to average power ratio of the OFDM signal. The second stage is to improve the channel estimation. PAPR reduction is based on the selective mapping algorithm. The channel estimated via least square method by using wavelet-based de-noising method to reduce additive white Gaussian noise and inter-carrier interference (ICI).OFDM system suffer with the problem of inherent high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR)due to the inter symbol interference between the subcarriers. In order to obtain an optimal PAPR reduction using the selective mapping algorithm with less complexity. The proposed system used to reduce the PAPR and improved bit error rate in OFDM.

342-347

Authors: Priyanka Chaudhari1, Prof.M.B.Chaudhari2, Prof. S.D.Panchal2

Most Earth observational satellites are not able to acquire high spatial and spectral resolution data simultaneously because of design or observational constraints. To overcome such limitations, image fusion techniques are use. Image fusion is process combine different satellite images on a pixel by pixel basis to produce fused images of higher value. The value adding is meant in terms of information extraction capability, reliability and increased accuracy. The objective of this paper is to describe basics of image fusion, various pixel level mage fusion techniques for evaluating and assessing the performance of these fusion algorithms.

355-359

Authors: Sourabh Mahajan1, Parveen Kumar2,Anita Suman3

- To increase the data rate of wireless standard orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is used which is a great method that uses an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) at the transmitter to modulate a high bit-rate signal into a number of sub-carriers. The problem with this technique is that it is inherently more complex IFFT core. This paper delivers an examination of a technique to actions respective acts, called Orthogonal Wavelet Division Multiplex (OWDM), an substitute method to OFDM, which uses a Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) in its place of using the IFFT at the transmitter to produce the output and intensifications elasticity in system . In this research, we associated bit error rate using OFDM and OWDM. Actually OWDM (orthogonal wavelet division multiplexing) is realized by using various Daubechies family. There are dissimilar ways of applying Daubechies family, we have calculated the bit error using OFDM and then again simulated these results using various Daubechies family and then compare it. The numerous simulations are done in MATLAB.

366-374

Authors: Jyotismita Goswami 1, Alok Choudhury2

The science of numerical weather forecasting [1] is as old as the advent of ENIAC . Earth System Models or atmospheric models are built on the basis of interdependence among the prognostic variables and their effect on the atmosphere. These models have succeeded in predicting the future weather conditions provided initial weather inputs are fed to the system. A remarkable progress has been seen in this field for the past 50 years, giving a clear understanding of climate change which is increasing daily with the invention of advanced complex prediction methodologies . These models have found applications in a variety of fields including climate prediction, data assimilation, case studies, theoretical & sensitivity studies. In this presentation, a survey study is made regarding the 2 mostly used weather models: WRF and RegCM, their evolution followed by architectures, applications and advantages .

383-390

Authors: Dhanu M.N1, Revathy D1, Lijina Rasheed1,Shanavas S2

This paper deals with Experimental and Numerical study of retrofitted reinforced concrete beams using Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP). Retrofitting means modifying the existing structures to increase the resistance of the structures against seismic activity. The objective of the current study is to investigate the improvements in the structural behaviour of RC beams, while retrofitting using various types of FRP. The fibres used for the study were Glass fibres and Coir Fibres. Experimental tests were conducted on RC beams and RC beams retrofitted with various FRP such as GFRP and Coir FRP. For numerical study RC beams and RC beams retrofitted with GFRP were considered and ANSYS software was used to build a 3D model of the beams and to analyse the beam structure. The result shows that the RC beams retrofitted with Glass reinforced Polymer makes the structure more resistant to seismic activity.

397-409

Authors: Ahmad Aminu1

In this paper, the design and optimization of Lowpass Filter Using Maximally-Flat (Butterworth) Technique is proposed. The realization of seven order Lowpass filter on Microstrip transmission lines was carried out. MATLAB and AWR software were used for the implementation.

415-420

Authors: Ganesh Raghtate 1, Abhilasha K Tiwari1

Object detection and tracking is important in the field of video processing. The increasing need for automated video analysis has generated a great deal of interest in object tracking algorithms. The input video clip is analyzed in three key steps: Frame extraction, Background estimation and Detection of foreground objects. The use of object tracking and counting; basically cars; is pertinent in the tasks of traffic monitoring. Traffic monitoring is important to direct traffic flow, to count traffic density and check the rules of traffic at traffic signals. In this paper we have presented a technique to avoid human monitoring and automate the video surveillance system. This system avoids the need to have a background image of the traffic. To a given input video signals, frames are extracted. Selected frames are used to estimate the background. This background image is subtracted from each input video frame and foreground object is obtained. After post processing technique, counting is done.

427-432

Authors: R.V.Babar1, Dr. M.S. Gaikwad2, Pratik L. Parsewar3

Day by day need of increase in data transmission rate in wireless communication systems increases rapidly. Viterbi Algorithm is known as optimum-decoding algorithm for convolutional codes and has often been served as a standard technique in digital communication systems for maximum likelihood sequence estimation. In this paper, by making existing well-known Viterbi algorithm, an adaptive Viterbi algorithm that is based on strongly connected trellis decoding is proposed. Using this algorithm, the design and a field-programmable gate array implementation of a low-power adaptive Viterbi decoder with a constraint length 9 and a code rate of 1/2 is presented. It is shown that the proposed algorithm can reduce by up to 70% the average number of ACS computations over that by using the non-adaptive Viterbi algorithm, without degradation in the error performance. The proposed Adaptive Viterbi decoder can be used in high speed decoding applications such as space communication. This results in lowering the switching activities of the logic cells, with a consequent reduction in the dynamic power. Also in this paper, with the help of Matlab, comparison of results of BER of adaptive Viterbi decoder and Viterbi decoder has been concluded.

23-32

Authors: Ralph Gur Montview1, Chandra S. Putcha2, Ramakrishna R. Tadi3

This paper is a study of the public transit systems. It includes an analysis of various regional transportation modes and arrives at optimal number of commuters patterns. The main focus is on the study of public transit systems issues in a medium size metropolitan environment. The thrust of this paper however is the establishment of criteria for public transportation needs of today and for the foreseeable future. While the final routes arrived are optimal, instead of using traditional optimization tools, an innovative approach in planning and organizing commuter travel using surveys is explained first and then the concept of TRUNK-BRANCH in public transit usage is presented in detail using a hypothetical example. Multi-modal approach is presented as possible solution to public transit. This paper delineates an approach in planning a public transit system that can be introduced in a small to medium scale environment. Attempts are made to address issues in public transportation in urban areas of any magnitude, from an average town, county partial system, to the ‘one-line’ origin-destination system.

38-55

Authors: wapnil Athavale1 ,Mona Deshmukh2

As computers become more pervasive in society, facilitating natural human–computer interaction (HCI) will have a positive impact on their use. Hence, there has been growing interest in the development of new approaches and technologies for bridging the human–computer barrier. The ultimate aim is to bring HCI to a regime where interactions with computers will be as natural as an interaction between humans, and to this end, incorporating gestures in HCI is an important research area. Gestures have long been considered as an interaction technique that can potentially deliver more natural, creative and intuitive methods for communicating with our computers. The use of hand gestures as a natural interface serves as a motivating force for research in gesture taxonomies. Gesture recognition is done in three main phases i.e. detection, tracking and recognition. The main goal of this study is to provide researchers in the field of gesture based HCI with a summary of progress achieved to date and to help identify areas where further research is needed.

67-77

Authors: Vandana S. Bhat1,Dr. J.D. Pujari2, Bhavana1

For a human vision system performing the process of face detection is an easy task compared to an intelligent machine. This paper contains a system for human Face detection by combining various skin color models. It’s an amalgamation of three diverse skin color models specifically the RGB, YCbCr and HSV. A hybrid Skin color model has been proposed for varying illumination conditions. The main objective for using is to overcome the problem of illumination conditions availability in an arbitrary image. Skin detection can be defined as the process of finding skin-colored pixels and regions in a given image. Skin detectors classically transform a given pixel into an appropriate color space and the classification is used to label whether it is a skin or non-skin pixel. The extraction of skin region is carried out using a set of bounding rules based on skin color distribution. Later the segmented face regions are classified using combination of morphological operations. Experimental results on the benchmark face databases such as FERET and the acquired images showed that the proposed model is able to achieve an accurate detection for near-frontal face orientation and skin color.

96-101

Authors: Arunraj R1, Vishnu Narayanan P M1

An Energy Efficient Feedthrough Logic (EE-FTL) is proposed in this paper to reduce the power consumption for low power applications. The EE-FTL is well suited to arithmetic circuits where the critical path is made of a large cascade of inverting gates. It has a unique characteristic where the output is pre-evaluated before the inputs from the preceding stage are ready. The proposed logic style requires low power when compare to the existing feedthrough logic (FTL). The proposed circuit is simulated and a comparison analysis has been carried out using 90-nm, 1.2V CMOS process technology. A CMOS Full Adder is designed by the energy efficient feedthrough logic and the simulation result in MicroWind environment shows that the proposed logic reduces the power consumption by 77%, 70% and 36% over FTL, Low Power FTL (LP-FTL) and Constant Delay Logic (CDL), respectively. The problem of requirement of inverter as in dynamic logic is completely eliminated in the proposed logic.

108-111

Authors: Namita Kumari1, Surendra Kr. Prasad2

Antibiotics are organic substance which check the the growth of fungus . During the study for the influence of antibiotic on the growth of fungi -10 gms of each antibiotics were added to 50 ml of Sabourd dextrose (SD ) liquid media . Later on they inoculated with fungus and incubated at 25±1°c for 15 days .After 15 days grown fungal were measured .

118-125

Authors: M. Hareesh Babu1,B.Benarji2, M. Bala Naga Bhushanamu3, Prof. M. Purnachandra Rao4

The Paper “ 2 KHz Successive Acoustic Pulse Signal Generation with different Phases for SODAR system using PC Sound card and MATLAB Graphical User Interface” is extension work for the paper title “2 KHz Mono Pulse Acoustic Signal Generation for SODAR Application using PC Sound card and MATLAB graphical user interface”. In previous paper the work has carried out with generating an Acoustic signal with specified frequency with some span of delay. This acoustic signal has propagated in one direction into the atmosphere. Here in this paper the work has carried out for generating the acoustic signal with some phase difference, which cause the change in the direction of the signal propagation. Here the generated signal has in time delay and for each time delay phase of the signal has changes in between 45, 90, 135 degrees, to obtain three directions in propagation signal as shown in the Fig 1.The SODAR (Sound Detection And Ranging) is an instrument that to measure the wind profile in the lower atmosphere of the earth. The volume measurement of the wind profile by remote sensing device, like SODAR have a great advantage compared to point measurements in a one height. In SODAR, acoustic pulses are sent vertically and at a small angle to the vertical. A thus transmitted sound pulse is scattered by the fluctuations and gradients as well as wind shear. There are five basic parameters that determine how the SODAR sends the beam. These are Transmit Frequency (FT), Transmit Power (PT), Pulse Length (τ), Rise Time (βτ) and Time between pulses (T). There are two further parameters, namely “Tilt angle” and “Half beam width”, which describes the beams of the antenna, but cannot be controlled by the software like MATLAB. MATLAB is a high-level language and interactive environment for computations, visualizations and programming. This language tool, and built-in mathematical functions will enable you to explore multiple approaches and reach a solution faster than with spreadsheets or traditional programming languages, such as C or C++ or VC++. Among the five basic parameters mentioned above, Transmit Frequency (FT), Pulse Length (τ) and Time between pulses (T) are controlled by designing the Graphical User Interface (GUI) of MATLAB. GUIs also known as graphical user interfaces or UIs provide point-and-click control of software applications, eliminating the need to learn a language or type commands in order to run the application.Thus using this GUI, user desired values of a SODAR beam can be generated. This paper is divided into four different layers such as user layer, application layer, operating system layer, and Hardware / Physical layer. The user layer gives the input to the application layer by mouse click or inputs through GUI icons. The application layer performs the signal processing such as parameter determination and further communicates with the operating system layer. The operating system layer acts as a bridge between hardware layer and application layer. Finally the Hardware / Physical layer takes care of commands executions, which are given by operating system layer. The advantage with this design of GUI replaces the ancient analog system using for beam generation.

147-151

Authors: Geetha B G1, Gokul K1, Nikhila1, Buvaneswari R1

The growth of technology is increasing day by day to fulfill needs of the humans. The proposed system is implemented to make human work easier. Anti-Vehicle Theft Using Number Plate Recognition in Cloud is an image processing technology with cloud computing environment which uses number plate to identify the theft vehicle. The objective is to design an efficient automatic theft vehicle identification system by using the vehicle number plate. The system is implemented on the public places like check post, toll gate and police checking. The proposed algorithm consists of four major parts: Vehicle identification,Extraction of number plate region, Recognition of plate characters and compare with cloud database.Moving object detecting algorithm is used for vehicle identification. For extracting the number plate Smearing algorithm and segmentation are used. The characters and numbers are recognized by using OCR technique. The extraction result is then used to compare with the database so as to come up with the specific information like the Vehicle’s owner name and address, place of registration, vehicle’s number and RC book details. The developed project is going to be implemented and simulated in Mat lab, and its performance is testing on a real image.

159-171

Authors: Sumit P.Raut1, Laukik P.Raut2

The various methodology used for failure analysis of the shaft used in different application by various authors are reviewed in this paper. This paper presents the comparison of the different methodology used, their application and limitation by various authors. The objective of present work is to study the various methodologies used for the shaft failure analysis and to choose best methodology suitable for the failure analysis of shaft used in gear box which is mounted on the overhead crane to prevent repetitive failure. Shaft failure leads to heavy loss due to stoppage and repairing cost associate with the breakdown.

182-188

Authors: Prabhat Kumar Singh1, Diljeet Singh Chundawat1, Roopesh Kumar1

This paper presents a novel method to send SMS through mobile at the remote host on a mobile service as well for internet host. The method is based on the reliability of the software en-corporate. The system uses a specified code, which is being used to access a data base system. The data residing the code will be immediately resend to the user regarding which the request had been send. The utility of the work enhances from the educational system to the various business unit. The software is being created in the J2ME.

197-204

Authors: N. Hemalatha1

Image deblurring and denoising are the fundamental problems generally arise in the field of image processing with several applications. This paper presents both areas of image restoration. Image deblurring and denoising methods are most commonly designed for removal of both impulsive noise and Gaussian noise. Impulsive noise is a most common noise which affects the image quality during image acquisition, transmission, reception or storage and retrieval process in the area of image denoising. Impulsive noise can be categories into two i.e., Salt and Pepper Noise and Random Valued Impulsive Noise. Image deblurring methods are most commonly designed for Gaussian noise. The proposed work concentrates on removal of both Impulsive noise and Gaussian noise from images. Removal of impulsive noise is carried out using a non-linear filter that involves two phases, i.e. detecting the noise and also followed by filtering. Hence we proposed an efficient filter method for suppressing the noise in an image. The numerical results will confirm that proposed methods yields the better performance, in the terms of PSNR (Peak Signal to Noise Ratio).

214-222

Authors: Abdurrhman.A.Al roqi1, Dr. Weiji Wang2

This papers focuses on the calculations to understand the torque required to spin the wheel of an airplane before it touches the runway. This measure is part of a proposed solution that is expected to eliminate the smoke generated by the airplane as it lands. The landing smoke is the result of high velocity difference between the landing gear wheels and the runway. Therefore, a slip occurs and causes serve grinding between the tyre and the runway where the tyre happens to be the softer surface. The calculations are based on the assumption that there is a turbine is installed on the side of the wheel.

230-234

Authors: Anusaya M. salwe1, Shubham S.Pande1, Juned S.Khan1 M. salwe1, Shubham S.Pande1, Juned S.Khan1

Fluidized bed Heat exchangers are important inmany industrial applications. Understanding how a fluidized bed as a multiphase flow system operates will improve its capabilities and operations. Minimum fluidization velocity and local gas holdup are important parameters used to characterize the hydrodynamic behavior of a material inside the fluidized bed. Fluidization is the phenomenon of imparting the properties of a fluid to a bed of particulate solids by passing atmospheric air through the material. Fluidized beds are reactors in which fluidization of particulate solids takes place. Fluidized beds are an important asset in many industrial processes because they present several advantages that include a high rate of heat and mass transfer, low pressure drops, and uniform temperature distribution. Experiments have been carried out in a setup i.e. in a fluidized bed heat exchanger, to find out the Heat transfer coefficient between different silica sand particles and in different velocities of air. The whole sand bed is heated by cartage heater. An experiment is performed with three different sand particles with different diameter and ten different gas velocities. The bed particles are chosen by taking Geldart’s criteria. Silica sand particles are of diameter 300-450μm, 425-650μm and 600-850μm. Fluidization is carried out by using air having normal temperature. It was found in literature survey that Higher rate of heat transfer is obtained by increasing the flow rate and by decreasing the size of the particle. The experimental results showed that the Heat transfer coefficient is increased with increasing the air velocity. It is also found that the Heat transfer decrease by increasing the particle size for Geldart B group particles.

245-254

Authors: Manjusha Kulkarni1, Pragati Thakur2

The textile industry consumes considerable amounts of water during the dying and finishing operations. Dyes extensively used are found to be toxic and considered to be resistant to biodegradation. In this work a detailed investigation of heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation of Navy blue HE2R 1 (NB), azo dye of reactive class is presented using UV/P-25TiO2/ZnO2/H2O2 process in aqueous suspension under 8W low-pressure mercury vapor lamp irradiation by using Semiconductor metal oxide nano particles. Here we also report the optimization of various experimental parameters such as effect of catalyst concentration, effect of substrate concentration, effect of addition of H2O2. The obtained results show that the employment of UV/P-25TiO2/ZnO2/H2O2 process and selection of optional operational parameters lead to complete decolorization and substantial mineralization of Navy blue HE2R 1 (NB) dye which is supported by showing decreases in Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Total Organic Carbon (TOC) of the dye solution.

7

Authors: Usman Habib, Taimour Shahzad, Owais

This paper addresses the problems of poor convergence and high value of mean square error, embedded with various blind adaptive equalization techniques in mobile communication and proposes an improved design providing enhancement in performance and ease of operation. The effectiveness of proposed approach is evaluated against different algorithms and simulations prove that design facilitate in reducing convergence time and low MSE. Proposed algorithm also ensures that equalizer does not converge to any wrong solutions under time varying and noisy conditions.

7

Authors: Pratik P. Chaphale Dr. S. B. Jaju

This paper reviews numerical methods and analysis procedures used in the study of automotive disc brake. It covers Finite element Method approaches in the automotive industry, the complex Contact analysis. The advantages and limitations of each approach will examine. This review can help analysts to choose right methods and make decisions on new areas of method development. The complex eigen value method is choose for contact analysis of car disc brake. The essence of such a method lies in the asymmetric stiffness matrix derived from the contact stiffness and the friction coefficient at the disc interfaces. This paper presents the analysis of the contact pressure distributions at the disc interfaces using a detailed 3-dimensional finite element model of a real car disc brake. It is also investigates different levels in modelling a disc brake system and simulating contact pressure distributions at varying load. It points out some outstanding issues in modeling and analysis of disc brake squeal and proposes new research topics. Wear can take place when two or more bodies in frictional contact slide against each other. It is found that the complex Contact analysis is still the approach favored by the automotive industry.

9

Authors: Vami Hermann N'GUESSAN BI , Mahaman Bachir SALEY, Sorin POP, Romulus TEREBECH, Bogdan Be, Eric Valere DJAGOUA ,Fernand Kouamé, Monica BORDA , Kouadio AFFIAN

Regional rainfall trends in Ivory Coast, due to climate change, show a general decrease in rainfall over the entire country. This is likely to disrupt plans streams thereby reducing the availability of surface water resources. The objective therefore assigned to this work is to analyze the precipitation field while incorporating the effect of climate change. For field analysis of precipitation, the approach follows a markovian approach, which is a stochastic approach widely used to analyze and simulate the spatio-temporal evolution of a system from transition probabilities. The study was conducted on a time series of rainfall data (1966-2000) and showed that monthly precipitation echoes are well described by a Hidden Markov Model (HMM). The arkovian approach followed in this work has helped develop a model to analyze and forecast precipitation field in the department that of Sinfra that reflects reality with accuracy about 83 %.

12

Authors: Uprety Dependra, Bhusal Jagrit

In Nepal, drinking unsafe water is attributed for the mortality of 13,000 children. The prevalence of this cause of morbidity and mortality in many poor rural regions has created a need for water quality intervention. These days various household drinking water treatment options are currently available in Nepal. Almost 85% of Nepalese population use cooking stove and more than 70% of the heat energy is wasted through chimney of cooking stove. Three different heat exchangers with different efficiencies were designed for Water Pasteurization by utilizing waste heat of flue gas. Locally available hollow aluminum pipe (internal diameter 8 mm, length 3.65 m) was coiled into a spiral ovular helix of 12 cm in diameter. Two different heat exchangers with coiled unit placed inside and outside of the chimney were designed. Similarly a jacket type heat exchanger with 0.5m height was also designed for Water Pasteurization. With 6 hours of average cooking period per day, total water output from three different prototypes was found in the rage of 24 to 28 liters/per day. Water quality test for treated samples from three different prototypes was done and the E. coli test result was less than 5 CFU/100ml and thus treated water was safe to drink.