Tekhné

9

Authors: Fernando Ovalles, Omar Juresa, Juan Martínez

Eng. Francisco C. Amelinck dam on the Yaracuy River in Venezuelagenerates Cumaripa’s reservoir which receives the contributions of a watershed about 435 km2. The operation of the reservoir began in 1971, and according to a bathymetry in 1989, accumulated sediment was about 41 Hm3during that period of 18 years, while projected dead volume was 7,05 Hm3 , for a reservoir design lifetime of 100 years. In this work there are estimates of sediment yield(washand bed material load) with the purpose of estimating mean annual sediment yield to the reservoir.

19

Authors: Rafael Bécemberg

It is undeniable that the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela is exposed to significant risks presenting a high vulnerability associated with the large concentration of population settled in areas without urban planning and exposed to a set of threats, both natural and anthropic, among which are the oceanographic and climatic type whose study is little developed in the country, being the sea level rise in certain area, one of the most relevant “threats”.In this work was studied the sea level temporal variation due to the passage,through a certain sector,of meteorological phenomena such as tropical storms and hurricanes ("Storm Surge"). The sector studied includes the “Isla de Aves”, due to its geopolitical value that increases the extension of the marine and submarine areas exploitable by Venezuela in about 75,000 km2 accordance with the modern Law of the Sea.With the data collected, processed and analyzed, numerical simulations were carried out to visualize the general condition of the island when it is affected by some meteorological phenomenon, determining which parts of the island are submerged and which remains above the level reached by the sea surface in the moments of affectation, obtaining as a result that the relief of the island was totally submerged when it was affected by hurricanes of degree 3 or superior whose action is entailed with over-elevations of the mean sea level over 3 m, fact that has associated a probability of occurrence of the order of 0.5%, and which in turn allows us to affirm that the current structural stability of the morphology of the island does not run any type of danger, given that it has a good capacity ofself-retrievalafter it has been affected by the phenomena studied.

23

Authors: Andrés Vieira, Xiosney Blanco, Demóstenes Quijadas

At present, a software and hardware design for the control of lighting and temperature for a house for spinal cord injured (paraplegics) is proposed. This automation system is mainly constituted by a development board designed by Arduino and Intel known as Arduino Intel Galileo, whose function in this system is to act as a serverand interact with the devices that make up the home automation system (lights, curtains, air con ditioning) and an application for mobile devices with Android operating system with which the user can monitor and control the system.With the development of this work we seek to improve the quality of life of spinal cord injured in their homes. In order to know about their needs, a survey was applied to patients of the Dr. Alejandro Rhode National Rehabilitation Center, with which this information was obtainedfor the development of the work.As part of the implementation, a prototype of a house has been built to scale that has four rooms where each of them has an LED for lighting, a curtain with a motor to control its movement, a temperature sensor and a system that simulates a central air conditioner. This prototype communicates through a WiFi network with the Android application, which provides a simple interface from which any user can manage and control the elements mentioned in their home. As a method for assessing the impact of the system, a survey was applied to the patients of the same rehabilitation center, so that they themselves interacted with the system and offered their opinion on the operation and expectations that the project presented to them.

9

Authors: Luis Ramírez , Mayra Narváez , Joaquín Benítez , María Remedios

This paper is about four tools to quality, their definition and apliccations through postgraduated course Quality Tools and Process optimization, belong to the postgraduated programs master in System of quality and Industrial engeeniering and productivity each one. The applications are part of projects assigned in the courses, where the search of the updated and applied skills is pursued developed from the formative model of Andrés Bellos Catholic University, by its abbreviations UCAB.

11

Authors: Luis Miguel Suárez Villar , Diego Suárez Barrera

The Manuelote Dam is located on the Socuy river, 100 km Northwest of Maracaibo City, Zulia State. Its purpose is the water supply for Maracaibo,El Tablazo Petrochemical Complex and flood control.The present work describes the structures that conform this site (also known as Socuy Reservoir), the failure process in the right abutment dike, the technical aspects that allowed the detection of underestimation of the hydrology and finally, the remedial works needed for its reparation.

15

Authors: Guillermo Centeno Bordones , Ygmar Jimenez

This research addresses the use of red sludge (waste from the aluminum industry) as a catalyst in advanced oxidation processes in the retrospective and prospective scenario of effluent treatment. In the first part red sludge is described from its physical and chemical properties as a condition for application in advanced oxidation technologies, thus contributing to the new green chemistry streams. In a second section we delved into the main characteristics of these processes such as Fenton, fotoFenton, photocatalysis and others, in a final section outline the trends in research developed using red sludge in advanced oxidation processes. From the methodological point of view, it is a documentary research, with a bibliographic design. The information was colle cted in open access databases or directories (Open Access), in a study period from 2007 to 2017, the information was processed through critical and relational analysis to determine the frequencies in the themes. As findings we have that the use of red sludge in advanced oxidation processes, has been a novel catalytic technology for the application of this environmental liability in this type of processes, having excellent oxidative success in chemical processes (Fenton, Fenton-like) and Photochemicals (fotoFenton and photocatalysis)

6

Authors: Soraya Rodríguez

The spelling is an element of the grammar of a language that sometimes is given little importance; However, possessing a good spelling is one of the essential skills for academic training and it should be a requirement for any professional. It is necessary to consider new strategies for teaching and individual teachers, whatever their area, contribute to achieve this competence in the future engineers. You must review the strategies of teaching and learning that have been used until now and trying to introduce changes, from rating the spelling to create orthographic awareness that allows correcting text as part of a whole.

8

Authors: Rafael Muñiz

In recent years, agriculture has undergone a profound process of transformation that has been reflected in an intense level of industrialization accompanied by the subsequent incorporation of technological advances in production processes. However, this process has shown a very disparate character since it has also led to a very heterogeneous agriculture. Particularly in the case of our developing countries, there is a need to produce more food with a high quality without disrupting the balance of ecosystems, strengthening territorial and local development, generating new jobs, thus reducing migration massive from the rural population to urban areas. An appropriate and appropriable technology is one that can be applied successfully by small farmers, promoting a higher yield of productive land and increasing the productivity of crops. In order to achieve this purpose, among other things, it is required to implement modern biotechnologies that are simple, efficient, low cost and replicable to improve the quality of the productive processes of small producers. The in vitro propagation of plants by traditional methods satisfies several of these requirements but requires specialized personnel, laboratories conditioned for such purposes and expensive inputs. Bioreactor technology called Temporary Immersion Systems (TIS) is a viable option that offers considerable advantages for the in vitro propagation of plants under the approach of appropriate technologies. This paper analyzes some relevant aspects of the design and application of the TIS in agricultural biotechnology, material that will serve as a documentary input for the design and construction of a low-cost TIS in the laboratories of the Andres Bello Catholic University.

11

Authors: Jesús Pérez, José Castro

The main objective of the course "Programming 1" is that students develop skills in the analysis, design and construction of programs coded in a high-level programming language to solve problems. In that sense, it is necessary that students developing logical reasoning, which has been detected like a weakness in most students the last few semesters, therefore, the game Millionaire in C is proposed like a way to stimulate logical reasoning from the beginning of the course. In this research, the results of the experiment carried out are presented to determine the effectiveness of this approach, which was applied to the students of the semester A-2018. The results obtained show that the game Millionaire in C has a positive impact on the logical reasoning of the students.

14

Authors: María López-Echeverría

An exploratory study, in order to identify the leadership competences considered as the most important and priority by mid-level management professors, namely: department chief and course chief, who belong to the fundamental courses of the studies of engineering of Andres Bello Catholic University, Caracas Campus, was regarding. This exploration is based on the instrument: Self-Diagnosis Tool for REHACE Leadership, developed by Professor Manuel Álvarez, from the University of Deusto, Spain. The results indicate that the most important and priority competences for them are teamwork and management and direction, while the least important is strategic planning. Detailed studies are recommended with the total middle level managers of the faculty that allows to describe the leadership profile and to generate a proposal of training plans for this faculty

16

Authors: Roque García Ruiz, Eduardo Garcia Romero

In the last millennium, the variation of temperature and climatic conditions are reported by mankind in narrative and written form, verified with results through recent investigations at proxies in ice cores, rings of trees,accumulationof sediments,and carbonaceous deposits, to which we must add geomorphological proxies in general not analyzed or reported in their relationship with climatic conditions. The archaeological excavations show the climatic conditions of the event, first by concealment and second, by the contrast with the landscape that currently controls the sector and the one that should have existed for the sustainable development of the community. The geomorphological proxies are mainly related to slope stability problems that leave topographic shapes in amphitheatres, as well as a large volume of materials transported downstream due to this instability and deposited by changing the velocity in the flow, forming a smooth relief surface, which they have hidden civilizations and allowed the habitat to new civilizations. The stability problems on the slopes are related to rain, whose intensity and duration will depend on the magnitude of the change in the relief. The variation of temperature in the last millennium presents a cycle that can be associated in three periods: between the years 950 to 1150 AD, it can be assigned to a period of high temperatures (THP), followed by a warm climatic stabilization, corresponding to the warm period medieval (MCP) that extends until the year 1450, where the small ice age (LEI) begins until the year 1900. Taking into account the development from the twelfth century of the Inca empire, some crop areas on Easter island developed circa 1200 and the buildings of the current Rome from the thirteenth century, it is concluded that the high temperature in the THP period, followed by periods of heavy rains, caused stability problems, hiding those structures during the eleventh and twelfth centuries. When we have high temperatures (THP), evaporation must be high, with dry water balance, but its descent must be associated with cooling, possibly originating from rains whose duration, frequency and intensity values must be greater than those currently known. , with humid water balances, increasing high flow rates and large sediment inputs, as well as an important volume of water accumulated in the subsoil. According to current research and reports, 2017, the two large oceans, Pacific and Atlantic, which occupy 48% of the earth's surface, will present important variations in their temperature conditions, which should affect the water mass balance in the world climate, possibly more intense cold towards the subpolar areas and intensification of the rains towards the tropics.

13

Authors: Verónica López Niño

This paper aims to analyze the technological industrial innovation and sustainability within the framework of the cement industry. Taking into account but one of its effects on the environment, carbon dioxide emissions (CO2), one of the atmosphere’s major pollutants and cause of the greenhouse effect. It was developed under a qualitative method, combining documental examination, patent search and a few interviews in order to pinpoint some aspects in relation to the data and other required information. Theoretical features, innovative efforts and depiction of the factors that affect said changes is presented. Evinced in an international and national context, that upon comparison and integration, gave way to a series of conclusions that succinctly specify that the role of technological industrial innovation and sustainability lies in the fact of understanding the complexity of the surrounding systems; including in the researches, elements that influence the change processes to the purpose of generating sustainable innovations.

14

Authors: Rafael Muñiz

The best way to rebuild the economy of our nations, cities and labor markets is to embrace efficiency, innovation and sustainability in conjunction with the development and implementation of new technologies in order to achieve a sustained reduction in carbon emissions on the planet. According to the position set out in this article, the most intelligent decision we can make and, in turn, the most lucrative is not only feasible to apply, but will also help save the planet from the looming catastrophe, if nothing is done or what we do is insufficient. Entrepreneurs, environmentalists and ordinary citizens should be interested in looking for lucrative ideas and today there are many tangible examples of companies and people around the world that are adapted to climate change and believe that a low carbon economy leads to greater economic gains in the short, medium and long term, propitiating an economic growth so that we can live on the planet as enjoyable and sustainable as possible.

18

Authors: Iselen Trujillo, Orquídea Pérez, Adriana Silvia, C. Camacho, E. Salazar

The human being has seen the need to make changes to improve and optimize the processes of production and distribution of food, through a conservationist model. Underdeveloped countries have had difficulties implementing sustainable agriculture through an agroecological approach, which creates a threat, since technical support to small and medium producers is not guaranteed, specifically, in the commitment that researchers have in have the ability to translate the knowledge acquired in the academy, to make agricultural innovations, in order to guarantee the food sovereignty of a country. At present, the concept of technological innovation has been raised, such as the successful interaction of technologies and practices, acquired by new knowledge and mental schemes, which leads to new forms of social organization, where the market, environment, political and economic sectors stand out. regulatory framework, and science and technology. Climate change has generated variations in global climate, leading to serious problems for the planet. Among the measures that have been indicated to act on the effects of this climate change, it is proposed to identify alternatives that guarantee profitable, socially acceptable and environmentally responsible economic proposals. Hence the importance of the agroecological approach in the development of a sustainable agriculture, with integrated systems of vegetable and animal production that allow to satisfy needs in the medium and long term. However, there is no adequate infrastructure to establish this approach, making necessary the use of technological innovations, where biotechnology plays a key role, to favor the use of natural resources available in the region, increasing food productivity and raw materials, make efficient the treatment of agroindustrial and urban waste, and generating products for the health and environment sectors.

5

Authors: Thais Dubii, Sherline Chirinos, Yenny Galindez

The concept of sustainable development tries to establish methods, strategies and resources studying environmental education through a process of knowledge transfer. All this leads to work in order to satisfy the needs of knowledge, especially in the study of social transformations from theories, histories and political, economic, environmental, cultural and social evolution in the construction of the development paradigm. The objective is to link through the transfer of knowledge as a bridge for environmental education to raise awareness among children with the theme of Sustainable Development. Under a methodology: qualitative and a documentary review according to the knowledge generated about sustainable development and the need to promote education for sustainability, it is about establishing methods, strategies and resources that facilitate training from the perspective of diagnosis, prevention and correction of needs. This is a basis for innovative organizations that are developing knowledge management as the main challenge to improve part of the quality of life of citizens, where they understand the interaction between the natural, social and economic, through the promotion of quality of the environment and establishes strategies that facilitate environmental education. In this context, it must be conceived as a process that involves the dissemination of new ideas, innovation and the transfer of knowledge. This is where environmental nurseries enter as places that favor the conservation of economically active areas, from schools to common social spaces for the enjoyment and dissemination of knowledge. Therefore, it is concluded that children need to know and learn everything related to Sustainable Development through Nurseries and identify the Importance in the Environment as they can plant and harvest food for daily consumption in their Institutions and Homes.

7

Authors: Arnoldo José Gabaldon

Policy and development, goes hand by hand. Development implies the enhancement of people through multiple dimensions, one which is ecological sustainability. Sustainable development is not possible without individual liberties, but facts had showed that are democratic governments the ones that assure a maximum amount of liberties. But not all democracies present equal qualities in its performances. The democratic systems in Latin America show a lot of faults, which impede a clear approximation to a sustainable development. The combat against climatic change needs more efficient global governance, and as a result the democratic systems world around, confronts a very serious challenge. For Venezuela to reach a sustainable development it is urgent to reestablish its democracy. In that context are necessary well planned political and institutional reforms. This includes a deep change of its economic model to abolish the petrostate.

9

Authors: Yazenia Frontado, Yuherqui Guaimaro, Maria Graciela Flores

Today's society demands coherent and sensitized professionals to the main problems presented by cities. In this sense, universities must link the educational process of the student with their environment through an active, integrated and constructive learning process, for which it is necessary to break the paradigms of traditional teaching. The Metropolitan University, through the execution of the Community Service projects, has empowered the students to learn by doing, using the methodology of Problem Based Learning or ABP. The objective of the study is to design proposals to improve the quality of life in favor of the creation of sustainable cities, detecting the main problems in certain communities and generating different technical and economically feasible solution alternatives. This is how the students, divided into multidisciplinary teams, managed to replicate their knowledge to the communities and carried out projects with proposals for social and technical improvements (engineering type) that were delivered to the communities and the corresponding authorities (City Halls and municipalities) for their execution. All this in hand, not only of the teacher guides, who facilitated the use of the student-centered learning method, which constituted a paradigm shift; but of urban actors that like the communities impacted by the projects or like the Non-Governmental Organizations that accompanied the process, offered the opportunity to structurally strengthen the relationship between university and city, which aimed towards the achievement of Objective 11 of the Sustainable Development on Cities and Sustainable Communities.

10

Authors: Rafael Muñíz

The increase in the economic benefit and the continuous growth that characterize the current capitalist model have required the incorporation of science and technology in the productive sphere. This type of knowledge is assimilated within guidelines imposed by the system itself and usually contributes to its stability. The logic of profit conditions contemporary technology, whose essential feature is to achieve a permanent innovation in scientific development with the purpose of achieving a continuous growth that is reflected in the GDP of the nations. Such technological paradigm persists despite its high economic, social, political and environmental costs that are evident in developing countries and also extends to developed countries where there is a very close relationship between economic growth and the level of inequality in society. Since the beginning of the 70s a new model of scientific practice has been proposed that persists up to the present, based on a determined rationality and that offers an attractive perspective to promote the autonomous and appropriate development of third world societies. The proposal of Appropriate Technology appears as a response to the crisis of current societies by proposing a profound change at the level of technologies, their process of creation and their social use and is focused on providing an answer to the problems of current industrial societies through the creation of freer societies in harmony with their environment. The present work shows several examples of application of this type of technologies and proposes a methodology that includes criteria and design procedures for possible products and services that serve as a seedbed of projects to stimulate the development of small businesses in low-income communities resources in harmony with their environment.

11

Authors: Heriberto Echezuría

The importance of the scaling phase in the research process is highlighted attending the case of the US Patent 6491100, which maximizes the volume injected in a clay profile. During the scaling phase of such patent it was found that there existed several unexpected engineering conditions which limited the complete achievement of the already mentioned objective. It was verified in this phase that the behavior of the soil mass was similar to that of an anchor located at the same depth. It was also established that the minimum viscosity which allows maximizing the bulb within the soil mass is different than that which allows the formation of the bulb. Similarly, given that the process is a no mass compensation one, it was possible to determine the correlation between ground heave, depth of bulb and injected volume. This allows planning depth of injection to minimize disturbance in ground surface. All these findings allowed differentiating this process from others existing in the literature, which allowed the patent conferral.

14

Authors: Iselen Trujillo, Orquídea Pérez, Adriana Silvia, M Perdomo, F Rojas

The instructional modules are instructional materials that facilitate the teaching and learning process, which contain elements necessary for the acquisition of competences at the participant's pace, without the continuous face-to-face element of the facilitator. The objective of this work was the elaboration of instructional modules that allow the strengthening of capacities in the different actors of rural communities, through the exchange and socialization of knowledge related to the environment. For the design of the instructional material, several stages were considered, so as to make it as accessible as possible to the whole learning community, including: a) Expansion and search of information; b) Participatory construction of instructional design; c) Collective construction of instructional modules structured on information sheets and teamwork on various aspects related to the environment and d) Process of validation of the material with different actors of communities, technicians and researchers. As a result, instructional materials have been obtained titled: "Organic farming as an agro-ecological alternative in school gardens"; "Integral management of solid waste in Galipán"; "At IDECYT we take advantage of our waste"; "Climate change has arrived! Future options", which constitute a series of materials derived from master's thesis and research projects, aimed at communities in the areas where they were developed, which have favored the consolidation of their training in topics related to the topics mentioned. The validation of the material was carried out by representatives of the different communities where this alternative was used, which were involved in the different research projects carried out, in addition to the one carried out by experts and technicians, which allowed to evaluate the congruence, adequacy and consistency of the contents for the approach of diverse subjects related to the environment. All the research where this resource was used as an alternative of learning, yielded successful results for the management of environmental education in the learning communities where the research was developed.