Journal of biology and today’s world

5

Authors: Morteza Malmir1*, Sahand Geravand2, Nina Jamalomidi3, Parisa Janjani4, Hosna Seydi5

Nowadays, obesity is a major problem in societies globally which not only causes complications and disorders in physiologic health of obese persons, but also affects psychologic health and self-confidence adversely. In this research, we intended to compare cognitive-executive functions of the frontal lobe of the brain and lifestyle self-efficacy in persons with different body mass indices (BMI). Three-hundred subjects with different BMI values were recruited via convenience sampling method. The questionnaires used included the Wis-consin Card Sorting Test, and the questionnaires for executive function disorder, lifestyle self-efficacy, and the general health. For data analysis, descriptive indices (mean, frequency) were used and for inferential indices, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied. The re-sults showed that there is significant (P= 0.05) difference regarding attention shifting between persons with different BMI values. In sub-jects with different BMI values, cognitive functions are different, and reduced cognitive function was higher in those with higher BMI. Al-so, lifestyle self-efficacy was lower significantly (P = 0.05) in obese subjects compared to those with normal weight. Persons with differ-ent BMI values had different cognitive functions.

4

Authors: Mehdi Mirzaei-Alavijeh1, Behzad Karami-Matin2, Farzad Jalilian2, Fatemeh Rakhshani3, Mohammad Mahboubi4, Shohreh Emdadi3*

Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women in the world and the most common cancer in developing countries. Pap smear is the single effective method in reducing deaths because of cervical cancer. This study was conducted to evaluate Pap smear test promotion intervention efficiency among women in Iran and theory of planned behavior was applied as theoretical framework. This interventional - study was accomplished by choosing 120 women in two health Centre randomly divided into experimental and con-trol groups. Three months after educational intervention results were evaluated. Participants responded to the standard self-report ques-tionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS-16. It was found significant improvements in average response for Attitude (P=0.004), subjective norms (P<0.001), perceived behavior control (P=0.010) and behavioral intention (P=0.000) toward undergoing Pap smear among inter-vention group. Additionally after intervention, the rate of doing Pap smear test was increased among intervention group (P=0.013). This study indicated the educational program based on theory of planned behavior could encourage the women to do Pap smear test.

6

Authors: Abolhasan Afkar1, Fardin Mehrabian2, Said Omidi-Khalky3*, Mohammad Mahboubi4

Today, the issue of addiction to narcotics or drug abuse has evolved into a global and universal problem. This study was performed with the goal of determining of the drug abuse pattern and high risk behaviors among the clients to DIC of Private sector of Rasht. This is a cross-sectional study in 2013.The questionnaire contained 10 general questions about demographic characteristics and 30 specific questions about drug abuse and high-risk behaviors. This questionnaire was completed via interviewing the addicts. The reliability of the questionnaire was checked using Cronbach's alpha (α=0.86). SPSS software was used to analyze the results and, descriptive statistics such as frequency tables and inferential statistics including the chi-square test were used. The average age of patients was 38.8. Opium and crack were the most widely used narcotic among subjects, respectively before referring to DIC centers. In addition, 9.8% of them had a history of using injectable drugs, among which 20.6% had used shared needle for injection. 80.9% had experienced sexual inter-course, among which 48.4% were unmarried. There was a significant statistical relationship between men and women (p=0.001). There was a significant statistical relationship between running away from home and the consumption of narcotics (p=0.002). Results also indi-cated that committing suicide had a positive significant relationship with the variations of age (p=0.001), the age of smoking onset (p=0.002) and method of use (p=0.003).This study knows the following items as the main high-risk behaviors of addicts: taking narcotics by injection, using common syringe and needle, blood playing background, imprisonment background, making homosexual intercourses, suicide, and using no condom during sexual intercourse.

6

Authors: Masoud Negahdary1, Sahar Majdi2, Parisa Biabani3, Abbas Hajihosseinlo3

The assay of applicant genes, based on physiological results, is a notable tool to detect genes to be effected in marker-assisted choice methods. The current assay was planned to determine relation TNF-α gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and with fat-tail Measurements (fat-tail dimensions) and wool weights in makooei sheep. DNA was extracted from whole blood samples collected from 100 sheep. PCR products were subjected to SSCP denaturation and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In the measured makooei sheep populace, definitive calculational outcomes were determined in Fat thickness as well as wool weight in one year characteristics. Estimate of associations genotypes with fat-tail calculations also wool weights were appeared with 100 samples Individuals with the T1 and T3 genotype of TNF-α gene Individuals with the T1and T3 genotype of TNF-α gene had dominance Fat thickness (The thick rump) and wool1 when contrasted to those of individuals with difference genotypes respectively (P <0.05). These consequences displayed that TNF-α gene could be a genetic position, or bound to a major gene that definitively influences growth as well as the fore-mentioned eco-nomic characteristics in sheep.

4

Authors: Mari Ataee1, Fazel ZinatMotlagh2, Abbas Aghaei3, Mohammad Reza Mohammadi4, Mohammad Mahboubi5, Touraj Ahmadi-Jouybari6*, Zahra Shamohammadi7

Physical inactivity was a major underlying factor for Type 2 diabetes patients. The aim of this study was to determine factors related to physical activity based on trans theoretical model among sample of Iranian diabetic patients. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 301 type 2 diabetics patient in Gachsaran, Iran. Data collection based on an interview; were analyzed by SPSS version 21 using bivariate correlations, and ordinal regression statistical tests at 95% significant level. Result showed, 19.6% of participants have a physi-cal activity (moderate or severe). Ordinal regression analysis showed self-efficacy and behavior process of change was the best predic-tors for physical activity among diabetic patients. Our findings recommended in physical activity promotion program for diabetic patients should be focus on increasing self-efficacy toward doing physical activity and attention to behavior process of change.

5

Authors: Mostafa Alikhani1, Jahangir Karami2, Ali Zakiee3, Hosna Janjani1, Parisa Janjani1

Present study conducted to determine the relationship between the Eysenck Personality characteristics and resiliency with a look at the issue of suicide among girl students in Kermanshah. Performing the research, a sample size of 250 individuals selected among all sec-ondary school students in Kermanshah through cluster sampling. Descriptive study was a correlative type, to analyze the data; resulted data was analyzed using Pearson correlation and regression analysis by the help of SPSS19 software. To gather data, the Eysenck Personality characteristics questionnaires, Connor and Davidson resiliency approach and attitude to committing suicide used. Results showed that there was a positive, significant correlation between personality traits psychotic mental attitudes, and attitude to committing suicide, but there was a negative correlation between extroversion and attitude to committing suicide. In addition, results indicated that there was a negative correlation between resiliency and attitude to committing suicide. According to the results, it could be conclude that the character of a structure associated to suicide.

6

Authors: Hashem Kazerani1*, Alireza Rai1, Reza Heidary-Moghadam1, Nader Asgari1, Maryam Nowroozi2, Mohammad Hossein Rasouli3

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the major reasons of morbidity and mortality in the world. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between using opium and coronary artery stenosis among patients who underwent coronary artery angiography. A total of 242 patients, attending Imam Ali Hospital in Kermanshah, Iran, who were referred for coronary angiography were studied. Patients were interviewed about using opium before angiography. They were divided to two groups of users and non-users of opium. Coronary vessels were evaluated after angiography based on stenosis severity. Using descriptive statistics and frequency tables, data was ana-lyzed with t-test and Chi-squared statistical tests and multi variable analysis were used to determine the relation among variables and comparing the differences. The most common abused drug was opium and the most common route was via inhalation. Coronary vessel lesions were more prevalent among opium users (60%) in comparison with non-users (26%). LAD (left anterior descending) artery lesion was the most common case among the patients. Of 82 opium users, 65 cases had coronary artery lesions and 17 did not have such le-sions. Opium usage, omitting the effects of other confounding factors such as BMI and smoking, was considered as an independent risk factor resulting in coronary lesions.

4

Authors: Anisodowleh Nankali1, Farahnaz Keshavarzi2*, Mina Ataee3

Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) compared to other types of uterine cancers is rare uterine malignancy with a very aggressive course and poor prognosis. We report confirmed histopathologically uterine leiomyosarcoma by IHC study in virgin woman. Case A: 58-year-old woman was admitted with a history of abdominal enlargement with 4-5 month duration of lower abdominal lump. Tumor marker CA-125 was raised. She underwent hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and resection of degenerated leiomyoma’s. Conclusion: The gold standard of uterine leiomyosarcoma treatment is surgery. The prognosis of uterine leiomyosarcoma depends on the extent of disease at the time of diagnosis and the mitotic index in women.

5

Authors: Mari Ataee1, TourajAhmadi Jouybari1, Farzad Jalilian1, Mehdi Mirzaei Alavijeh2, Ayob Valadbeigi3, Farzad Weisi4*, Abbas Aghaei1, Mohammad Mahboubi5

The most important role of language, its communicative function, stuttering could be disrupted this function. Our study focused on ex-ploring gender difference in attitude, subjective norms and behavior intention toward communicate with people who stutter. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 240 boys and girls high school students in Hamadan County, the west of Iran, during 2013. Partici-pants filled out a standard self-report questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 21 using bivariate correlations, and linear re-gression statistical tests at 95% significant level. Our findings showed, attitude and subjective norm variables accounted for 59% of the variation in the outcome measure of the behavioural intention (R2=59% & P<0.01). Girl students have a better subjective norms and more intention to communicate with people who stutter. Wrong beliefs could have prevented normal communication, due to misconcep-tions about people who stutter our study recommend implementing training programs In order to change wrong beliefs about people who stutter especially for the adolescents.

6

Authors: Yadullah Edalatpanah*, Freshteh Rahedan, Manejeh Rostami, Hadi Rezaei, Khadeigeh Sanaeiyan, Parisa Hosseini-Alvand

Nanoparticles (NPs) are increasingly recognized as their usage in biological applications including nanomedicine and food safety. The objective of this experiment was to determine the effect of ZnO NPs and citric acid on the survival of Salmonella typhimurium inoculated on to mango juice and carrot juice. Antibacterial activities of different concentrations (0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 mM) of zinc oxide (ZnO) suspen-sion containing 1% citric acid were tested against the Salmonella typhimurium inoculated on to culture media by spot on the lawn meth-od and culture turbidity as a qualitative measure of the cell growth. Results manifested more inhibitory effect of ZnO in liquid medium than the solid culture against Salmonella typhimurium. These data suggested that the antibacterial activity of ZnO was concentration de-pendent, which was previously confirmed by the agar diffusion test. ZnO NPs were more effective in initial reduction of Salmonella typhimurium. Results demonstrated that ZnO NPs suspensions containing citric acid had synergic effect against studied bacteria in me-dia. Citric acid %1 dilution in concentrations of 102,104,106 and 108 in mango and carrot juice, which is show the highest antimicrobial effect in concenteration 6 mM and 8 mM dilution of the 106and 108 . The effect of zinc nano oxide synergic and citric acid %1 has stronger antimicrobial effect in the face with net citric acid %1.