IMPACT : International Journal of Research in Humanities, Arts and Literature

41-48

Authors: K. Kannadasan & I. Muthuchamy

Social Media differs from traditional electronic media such as Television, radio, telegram in many ways, including quality; reachability frequency, usability, immediacy, and permanence. Social media operate in a dialogic transmission system (many sources too many receivers). This is in contrast to traditional media which operate under a mono-logic transmission model (one source too many receivers), such as a paper lets message which is delivered to many subscribers. Some of the most popular social media are Facebook, WhatsApp, Instagram, Twitter, Pinterest, LinkedIn, Google+, YouTube, Viber, Snapchat, and WeChat. These social media websites have several numbers of registered users across the world. Learning through technology be improved and increased the ability of the students in different ways to estimate their own thought by circulating for everyone in the world at any corner. It becomes more effective and attractive for digital learners.

57-62

Authors: Veena Rani

The aim of this paper is to find out the type of relationship between students and teacher in the classroom in order to improve the learning process. At present, what type of requirement is needed in a classroom has been adjudged according to students’ perspective. The study is qualitative in nature involving interviews with randomly selected samples. The study was carried out with a sample size of 60 students from the vicinity of Punjab University Chandigarh and the nearby district Panchkula of Haryana. Findings from the survey show that students want the interactive environment in the classroom.

71-78

Authors: Mohd Abid Siddiqui & Moheeta Khan

The global documented aim of secondary science teaching is to develop and augment rationality, objectivity, open-mindedness, curiosity, scientific temperament, etc. The development of such qualities helps in the development of a major quality as scientific attitudes (SAs). And a teacher plays vital roles in not only cognitive but non- cognitive developments among the students as well. The present work was aimed at finding the impact of teaching effectiveness (TE) and SAs over physics achievement (PA) of senior secondary students. The study utilized 309 senior secondary students in Shahjahanpur district of Uttar Pradesh, India. The results show good significant correlations among TE & SA and TE & PA, but a weak correlation between SA & PA. And no gendered responses were reported among students SAs and experienced physics TE. While the multiple stepwise regression analysis does not establish SAs as a predictive variable of PA and only TE was found to have 18.3% of the total variance in students' PA scores.

85-90

Authors: Jiji. S. P & Clement Sudhahar

Agriculture and Industries are vital components of the growth route due to their joint affiliation. The term agroindustries signify diverse meaning to different writers, institutions, and agencies. In truth, this perception is masked in indistinctness. There is no agreement as to which industries can be grouped under this category. According to the United Nations Industrial Development Organisation (UNIDO), the term agro-sector connotes those industries, which utilize raw materials from agriculture as main material from that manufactured goods are produced on the commercial scale. The term also applies to those industries, which are causative for the growth of agriculture including agriculture produce. Thus, agro-based industries can be roughly distinct as those industries that are reliant upon agriculture for their raw material and other basic inputs. Strengthening of agriculture is grave for facing the challenges of rural paucity, food diffidence, redundancy, and sustainability of natural resources. In this circumstance, well-organized marketing, and rural credit systems suppose added significance. The marketing system is significant for transferring the goods from producers to consumers, and to fix the prices at different stages. The issues and concerns in marketing, chiefly to the performance (competence) of the marketing system, rely on the structure and conduct of the market, especially by the Agro Based Public Sector Undertakings in Kerala.

101-106

Authors: Parvathy P

The paper is an attempt to look at how Balarama, a popular magazine for children in Malayalam serves as a means by which culture reflects and renews itself. The magazine has taken efforts to remain in the mainstream by including the popular taste of its target group. To survive the tough competition in the globalized world, the magazine has increased the number of non-native stories. Though there is a profusion of western classics and stories in Balarama in the recent past, a consistent effort on the part of the publisher to offer the young generation the taste of his/her land can be identified. The young reader is introduced to the myths, legends, and folklore of the land through the stories that the magazine feature.

119-124

Authors: Arya Salim

Microeconomic theory deals with the study of individual units of an economy, such as, the demand of a single consumer and the behaviour of a single firm. Macroeconomics deals with the study of the economy as a whole. It studies variables like national income and employment. In microeconomics, the assumption is that there is the full employment of resources. While in macroeconomics there is no such assumption. Microeconomics deals with a pricing of different factors of production while macroeconomics deals with economic growth and development. Microeconomics makes use of partial equilibrium analysis while macroeconomics makes use of general equilibrium analysis. This paper endeavors to identify the differences and similarities between microeconomics and macroeconomics, outline the scope of microeconomics and macroeconomics, and examine the role of each in policymaking.

131-136

Authors: Anju Mehta & Namreta Panju

Inclusive education is a process of looking for the most appropriate ways of responding to diversity as well as trying to learn how to learn from the differences. The literature on inclusive education suggests that no matter how excellent the educational infrastructure might be, how well articulated educational policy might be, how well resourced a program might be, effective inclusion does not take place until regular classroom teachers deliver relevant and meaningful instruction to students with disabilities. Thus teachers are now required to adapt instruction to make special needs students responsive, use individualized instructions, work collaboratively with parents and other professionals and use technology to assist students to overcome their shortfalls.

15-20

Authors: Priyanka Mitra

From the inception, the major premise of the feminist movement was to protest against the patriarchal hegemonic paradigm and to emancipate woman by demanding equal rights of woman in the society. This movement gained impetus through three waves of feminism with the aim of not only gaining the equal status of a woman but also to prepare the ground for female subjectivity and self-assertion. Bharati Mukherjee, one of the most prominent novelists of the 21st century with her diasporic experience, delineated women characters who were victims of immigration and patriarchy. Her female protagonists rebelled against tradition, social customs and culture, embarked perilous journey in search of independence and self-identity. Thus Bharati Mukherjee’s female protagonists were bold, assertive, ambitious, adventurous and modern but each protagonist was sharply different from the other through the merit of her individual traits.

25-30

Authors: Sweta Jakhmola & Anu Sayal

Worker states of mind are critical to the administration since they decide the behavior of workers within the organization. The commonly held supposition is that “A satisfied laborer may be a productive worker”. A fulfilled work drive will make a charming air inside the organization to perform well. Subsequently work fulfillment has ended up a major theme for the investigator to think about. The specific problem is to look at the effect of work fulfillment on execution. If considered properly there are rewards (inborn and outward) for the assigned task or work fulfillment of a representative. The impact of age, sex, and involvement of representatives on the level of work fulfilled has also been taken into consideration.

37-42

Authors: You Jun

To His Coy Mistress is one of the most famous and highly acclaimed poems of Andrew Marvell, which has impressed many great critics. It is an excellent model of the union of wit and fancy, the alliance of force and grace, and the integration of motion and quietness. There is no doubt that To His Coy Mistress is an ideal masterpiece of metaphysical poetry which is best known for its tension. Thus, it is of great significance to analyze the tension in such great work in details and it would certainly bring a lot of inspirations for readers. This essay is going to start from the analysis of the tension in its themes and its structure and then turn into the further detailed analysis of its lines and hoping to find out the principles of the tension in this poem and wit of the poet.

59-70

Authors: Binny Cherian, Astran Vivin Gonsalves & Avil Saldanha

The study is about the investment patterns of millennials with salaried income. Salaries of individuals are different based on the type of industries, the skillset, etc. Every individual earning an income will end up with saving if his expenses are below the income earned. This expense can vary based on the individual’s responsibilities, lifestyle and other choices. These savings can be invested in different financial asset classes. These asset classes have different levels of risks. Traditional, many people preferred stable investments such as banks accounts, fixed deposits, postal schemes, and bonds. These investments preferences depend on the level of risk that these individuals are willing to take. Their understanding of financial knowledge help individuals makes an informed decision relating to personal finance. Primary data was collected electronically from the U.S. and Indian respondents using a structured questionnaire using Qualtrics. Out of 267 respondents, only 166 were found to suitable for further processing. The test carried out were Garret’ Ranking method, ANOVA, Pearson correlation test. It was found that millennials prefer low risk to moderate risk type of investment option. Millennials prefer to get advice from a professional financial advisor.

91-106

Authors: Rashmi Kumari & Gopal Singh

There are over dozens of globally acclaimed personalities who have devoted their lives in search of peace, knowledge, happiness, love, god and the purpose and meaning of life. They have been called as philosophers and saints. Their philosophies and searches, knowledge, life experiences and speeches have transformed people’s way of thinking and life. They have given different dimensions to the values and thoughts that people hold that have led to a better life and too much extent, the world. These people are Martin Luther, Dalai Lama, Gautam Buddha, Mahavira, Kabir, Guru Nanak, Sri Aurobindo, Swami Vivekananda, Mother Teresa, Adi Shankara, Sri Sri Ravi Shankar, Jiddu Krishnamurti, Osho Rajneesh, and Prem Rawat. Due to creativity and use of cutting edge technology to supplement his work – Researcher has chosen Prem Rawat. Prem has devoted his life speaking about the fundamental requirement of every human being i.e. peace. His perspective on peace is beyond words which are both tangible and practical. He says,“Peace is possible; it needs to be felt. When people are in peace, the world will be in peace".

121-132

Authors: Pratik Walde & Pallawi B. Sangode

This research work is an empirical study that has been done on the implementation of TQM tools and techniques in textile manufacturing firms and factors that were considered to be critical to the adoption of TQM tools and techniques. The prime objective of the use of quality improvement tools and technique is to ensure the quality of a final product to meet the customer’s requirements. These tools help in reducing the costs, wastages, and delays in the production process. This research paper aims at studying the quality tools and techniques used by the textile manufacturing firms, followed by comparing the quality practices of two textile manufacturing firms. Various barriers to the effective implementation of TQM tools and techniques are finally studied. The paper concludes with an indicative model for effective TQM implementation with several recommendations for other firms with similar business performances.

143-154

Authors: Tanu Dang

Demonetization led to a sudden upsurge in the online cash transactions through mobile and internet. Sweden was the first country to introduce bank notes way back in 1661 and today most of its cities have gone completely cashless. In several European countries like France and Belgium, the government has disallowed cash transactions above 3000 Euros. After demonetization move, India too took a plunge towards creating a complete digital economy. Cash transactions are surely making an exit from the Indian market. It started with plastic money – debit and credit cards and the advances in information and communication technologies have provided us with more options to replace cash transactions like internet banking, mobile banking, and digital wallets. Even though online transactions are increasing rapidly, the cashless initiative has not reached its full potential. The most common reasons associated with low acceptance of cashless transactions in India are unawareness, low internet connectivity, suspicion towards online payment portals and most importantly the overdependence over physical money. In his tweet addressed to the country’s youngsters after demonetization, Prime Minister Narendra Modi said, “Time has come for everyone, particularly my young friends, to embrace e – banking, mobile banking, and much more such technology.” According to a report by IAMAI, the number of mobile internet users in India stood at 465 million in December 2017. The report also identified that young students are becoming the most prolific consumers of such services. However, whether they are using the internet for financial transactions remains an area of analysis. Therefore, this research paper attempts to understand and interpret the attitude of the youth belonging to Kanpur city towards using EWallets in the post demonetization period. It aims to ascertain the factors influencing their usage of e-wallets and also the problems faced by them in using these. The paper finally concludes with a discussion of the findings, limitations, and directions for future research in the area.

167-176

Authors: Satya Sidhartha Panda & Sushant. E. Revankar

Leadership cannot be defined with the designation of a person or, how is the behavior of a person towards the employees or subordinates of an organization. It is truly tough to measure what are the qualities make a person to be defined as a good leader. Possibly, that is why few people in our society still remembered as a good leader with their approaches, not as per the scores are given to them. So, it proves leadership is such a quality which cannot be measured, but it is true that the impact of a true leader is always countable. That nature of leadership makes it so interesting. Leadership is all about a few sets of qualities which may be gained with the upbringings of an individual or may be polished and developed with years of experience and personal feelings. It is a style which is enriched with time, experience and communication with people. But that is not the end, it can be better with a better strategy, with better capabilities of taking people in a group and work together and finally the capabilities of designing change for everybody help to motivate them and help the individual to grow. Probably, even these set of qualities will be just a subset of leadership qualities and these factors have been discussed in this paper.

181-190

Authors: Sweta Choudhary, Turya Tejaswita, Vanya Srivastava & Vijaya Abhishek

The present study attempted to explore the level of awareness and preference towards ‘Paper Boat’ products in selected locations in Bangalore city. The empirical research used both primary and secondary sources of data and primary tools of data analysis included Chi-square, Anova, Regression and Reliability tests using SPSS. The sample size was 190 respondents and convenience sampling technique was used. The major findings of the study was : all people by and large are aware of Paper Boat products including Beverages and Ready to eat snacks. We found a significant difference among the respondents based on their gender, age, income and occupation affecting their choice and patronage towards Paper Boat products.

199-206

Authors: Jangkholun Mate

The present study focused to find out the environmental attitude of student-teachers of Churachandpur District of Manipur, India. Further, the study attempted to identify the environmental attitude of student-teachers according to their parents’ educational qualifications. The study also aimed to determine the environmental attitude of student-teachers in Churachandpur District of Manipur, India, according to their parents’ occupations. The universe of the present study comprised of all the student-teachers of college of teacher education in Churachandpur District of Manipur, India. The sample of the study was randomly drawn and consisted of 86 student-teachers, which comprised of 30 male and 56 female. The study employed descriptive survey and analytical method. The collected data were analyzed by using MS-Excel and by adopting appropriate statistical techniques like Mean, Standard Deviation, and Percentage. The hypothesis of the study was tested by computing p-value and accordingly they were rejected and or not rejected (accepted). The Major Findings of the study revealed a high level of environmental attitude for the student-teachers of College of teacher education, Churachandpur, The study found out that there is no significant relationship between the environmental attitudes of different group of the student-teachers according to their fathers’ educational qualifications and their fathers’ educational qualifications. The environmental attitude of student-teachers whose fathers’ occupation is teacher, retired, cultivator and administrative departments was high and that of self-employed and other was moderate. The study showed that there is no significant relationship between the environmental attitudes of different group of the student-teachers according to their mothers’ educational qualifications and their mothers’ educational qualifications. The environmental attitude of studentteachers whose mothers’ occupation is cultivator and others was high and that of self-employed teacher, retired, and administrative departments was moderate.

215-222

Authors: Manaswi Chakraborty , Gaurav Pant & Bitam Sadokpam

The aim of the study was to investigate and compare the selected variables i.e. attitude of youth of different colleges of B.V.D.U. towards yoga and yoga practices. For the purpose of the present study, the researcher was randomly selected 120 males and females (30 each, 15-male and 15-female) of College of Physical Education, College of Engineering, College of Nursing and College of Medical, Pune respectively. For the collection of data, the researcher was an approach to the different B.V.D.U., Colleges of Pune city with a request letter from the college authority to collect the data from the subjects through questionnaire test. The researcher gave the required instructions to perform the task to the subjects. After the collection of data, they were statistically analyzed to draw logical conclusions of the study. The study reveals that the male students of College of Physical Education, College of Engineering, College of Nursing and College of Medical have a significance difference in yoga attitude, as the obtain f-value 13.38 is greater than the tabulated f -value (3,56)2.76. Further, multiple LSD Post Hoc Test was applied between College of Physical Education and College of Engineering, there is a significant difference among them more over College of Engineering and College of Nursing similarly, College of Engineering and College of Medical had a significant difference among them. However, the College of Physical Education and the College of Nursing similarly with the College of Nursing and College of Medical has no significance difference in yoga attitude of male students. Further, according to the norms of the percentile value, College of Physical Education; College of Nursing and College of Medical have a result of 60% and fall under the category of average group in yoga attitude. Whereas, the College of Engineering has a result of 40% and fall under the category of the low group in yoga attitude. In addition, for the female students also the obtain f-value is 5.36 which is significant at 0.05 level as the value is much greater than tabulated f-value (3,56)2.76. Further multiple LSD Post Hoc Test was applied between College of Physical Education and College of Nursing, there is no significant difference among them more over College of Engineering and College of Nursing, similarly with College of Nursing and College of Medical had no significant difference among them. However, the College of Physical Education and the College of engineering has a significance difference in yoga attitude in female students. Further, according to the norms of the percentile value, College of Physical Education has a result of 80% and fall under the category of the high group in yoga attitude. Whereas, college of engineering; College of Medical and College of Nursing has the result of 60% and fall under the category of average group in yoga attitude. The appearance of this type of results may be due to the lifestyle of the students. Most of the students in the College of Physical Education have their own self-esteem. They use to practice the yogic exercises by getting the ideas through practical and theoretical aspects. As physical education students are far more have an attitude on yoga. Other remaining colleges students have low attitude as compare to physical education students. They are busier in their schedule in college. They have less intention effort to the body’s physique and physiological changes. Therefore, according to their habits and lifestyle of living College of Physical Education students have more yoga attitude values than other three colleges of B.V.D.U., Pune.

231-240

Authors: Oluebube Amarauche Chukwu & Luke Ifeanyi Anorue

Traditional modes of communication are thought to be in it its decline stages. This belief could easily hold sway especially with the quantum increase in modern day communication technologies and its mind-blowing abilities. This study examines in close detail the relevance of traditional media of communication in relation to existing modern media of communication. In traditional Nigerian and African societies, there have been in existence various means of communication exchange ranging from the gong to the flute, the age grade organizations to the open market. It is the aim of this study to examine albeit in close detail, the relevance, if any, of the still existing modes of communication exchange in traditional Nigerian societies.

257-264

Authors: K. Pavaimalar & A. Renuka

Education is a major constituent of human resource development and is thus basic to any progress of economic and social growth. It is indeed pathetic to say that in this globalization era the women are still in the last benches in education, health and socio-economic stages. There is at present a growing global recognition of the vital links between education and development. The society should plan to take care of women’s aspirations and needs. Women's education is targeted by most educational policies because the lack of it can be costly to overall development. Of late, both global and regional attention is drawn towards eradicating illiteracy among women and reducing the constraints in their access to education. This paper attempts at a diachronic, descriptive, and analytical study of growth and development of women's education in Tamil Nadu with particular reference to Salem. The paper tries to show that expansion of opportunities is crucial and inevitable in dealing with the problems of educational backwardness. This research aims to take a fresh look at the present situation of education among females in Tamil Nadu primarily based on data provided in the Census of India.

273-284

Authors: Shaheen Altaf Shaikh

Web-based Education is fast emerging as an important avenue in the Teaching Learning Scenario. It is also predicted to be the future of ICT pedagogy. Online learning with the help of the Web is a recent trend that is completely changing the way education is transacted worldwide, inside as well as outside the classroom. It is fast permeating into the transaction of regular courses through mediums of MOOCs, Swayam, NPTEL, etc. Significance The success of these initiatives and effective implementation of these Web-based Education programs, it is necessary to first of all, identify the barriers to web based education. This will help in the adoption of measures which will help to minimize barriers and maximize access to web-based education. Objective To identify the Barriers to Web-Based Education. Methodology A survey was conducted to identify the barriers to Web-based Education. There are a number of barriers in implementing Web-Based Education. Rogers (2003) and Ely (1990, 1999), created a model for evaluation of innovations. Their model has seven components: Resources, Infrastructure, People, Policies, Learning, Evaluation, and Support, whose Mnemonic is RIPPLES. Each of the seven components has been further elaborated upon into 5 subcomponents and used to study barriers to Web-Based Education. Findings The percentage level of barrier in web based education was found to be as follows : Resources =48.8%, Infrastructure = 85%, People = 72.4%, Policies= 80%, Learning= 66%, Evaluation=77.2%, and Support= 76.6%.

295-302

Authors: Sanghmitra Choudhary & Mamata Mahapatra

The main objective of this paper is to study the motivation behind following the self-proclaimed godmen. We conduct in-depth interviews of the family members of the subject followed by two real case analyses. The cases are discussed in the light of theoretical models and review of research literature the researchers attempt to explain what sustains the retention of followers in such organizations. The paper will generate awareness among the followers to create a distinction between faith and blind faith and will shed light on what psychologists can do for the mental well-being of the followers.

315-324

Authors: Imkongmeren

The paper makes an effort to show whether Kant’s ethics is appropriate to deal with our moral obligations towards non-rational animals. Ethical view of Kant is based on the dignity of humanity as its sole fundamental value. Rational beings are intrinsically valuable because they are endowed with rationality, freedom and have the capacity to set their own ends. With regards to non-rational animals we have an only indirect duty. For him humans have no direct duties with regards to non-rational beings because they lack both rationality and autonomy. Kant rejection of direct duty to nonrational beings is the reason why many environmental ethicist and animals rights do not favor his approach. They considered Kant version of indirect duty theory is based on human-centered. However, some of the Kantian has tried to replace Kant’s indirect duty theory to direct duties by using Kant theory. They offer a strong argument to replace the indirect duty theory of Kant but their interpretations do not fit well with Kant’s view. Therefore, in this paper, despite the problems with indirect duty theory, I will try to show how Kant’s concept of duties regarding non-rational animals represents much more sophisticated than the Kantian had maintained.

335-344

Authors: Vasundhara Dahiwale & Pallawi B. Sangode

The prime objective of inventory management is to ensure enough stock on hand for the business to meet the customer’s requirements. Various inventory management tools ensure the various types of inventories are properly segregated, managed and utilized. These tools help in reducing the costs, wastages and delays in the production process. This research paper aims at studying the inventory management tool used by the textile manufacturing firms, followed by comparing the inventory management practices of two textile manufacturing firms. The use of inventory tools as a competitive intelligence tool provides the opportunity to reveal the benefit gaps between the two companies. The paper concludes with a indicative model with several recommendations for other firms with similar business performances.

355-364

Authors: Parinda V. Doshi

The health sector is one of the fastest growing sectors in India. Health sector includes services like hospitals, medical devices, clinical trials, outsourcing, telemedicine, medical tourism, health insurance, and medical equipment. Hospitals industries alone cover 80 percent of the total healthcare sector in India. Hospitals are service delivering units where employees play a major role in the success of the units. Thus, it becomes important for the organization to see that employees working in the hospitals are satisfied with the work and the organization in which they are working. The current research was conducted with an aim to identify factors affecting the job satisfaction of employees working in hospitals. A measure of central tendency’s and factor analysis was performed to identify the factors affecting job satisfaction of the employees working in the hospitals. Role clarity; knowledge to perform the work; support of top management and peers; ease in understanding and following the procedures; availability of sufficient materials and equipment’s; cleanliness in the work area; praise, recognition and reward for the work and; co-operation among different departments were observed to be affecting satisfaction of the employees working in the hospitals.

371-376

Authors: Hemendra Singh Hada & Anu Sayal

This paper deals with the study of performance appraisal as a result of employer satisfaction and optimizing business result. The commonly held supposition is that “A satisfied employer will be the one who is able to establish and run a sound business undertaking thereby optimizing the business results. A fulfilled work drive creates an environment filled with charm thereby providing a platform for all to perform well. Subsequently, work fulfillment results in optimized business results thereby providing opportunities for business expansion. Due to this expansion in business, there are regular appraisals of the performance of the employees.

383-390

Authors: Satyanarayana Bhavanari, Srinivasulu Devanaboina, Mallikarjuna Bhavanari & Abul Basar

The divisor graph of an associative ring R (denoted as DG(R)) was introduced by Satyanarayana, Srinivasulu.[9]. In this paper, we introduce a simple concept “Power Chain in a Divisor Graph” .We prove that if is nilpotent, then the power chain starting with a is of finite length. If DG(R) (the divisor graph of R) contains a power chain starting with which is of infinite length, then , a is non–idempotent and non–nilpotent element. We announce some basic results. Finally, we deduce that if R be an integral domain and a , then if and only if the power chain starting with a (in DG(R)) is of infinite length.

403-418

Authors: Chirag Rana& Hiral Desai

NPAs point out the credit risk of the banks and the financial institutions. The operational effectiveness of the banks and financial institutions is impinged by the quality of advances which in turn has an impact on their profitability, liquidity and solvency position and leads the accumulation of losses in the succeeding years. NPA means an asset or account of borrower, which has been classified by a bank or financial institution as sub-standard, doubtful or loss asset, in accordance with the directions or guidelines issued by RBI. In this paper, the researcher has tried to show the position of gross and net NPAs of both the public and private sector bank, during the period of last 5 years from 2013-14 to 2017-18. The study is an attempt to analyze the financial performance of SBI, PNB, HBFC, and Axis Banks. The study is descriptive and analytical in nature. The collected data was secondary in nature and collected from various annual reports of the bank, RBI bulletin, journals, websites, etc. The allegory of the financial performance of these four banks was made on the seat of a statistical & mathematical tool like percentage, tabulation, Graph, etc. The study concludes that the level of NPA is high in public sector bank as compared to private sector bank.

427-434

Authors: M. Rajanikanth

Popularity of social media in India is increasing day by day. Consumers are making connections through different social media and posting comments, recommendations and suggestions which other customers can use. Even the companies are using it as platform to communicate to customers by posting related information. Sellers have strategically integrated social media tools to their existing communication repertoires to build and maintain relationships with customers. Now firms need to focus on social media to develop trust building mechanisms and affect the intentions of the consumers. In this context the present paper is an attempt made to identify those factors which establish trust and social commerce intentions though social networking sites in India. A sample of 250 social media users who regularly read information online were chosen and a prestructured questionnaire as administered them to know the social media factors that establish trust and intention to buy. The results of the study imply that trust and perceived usefulness are the key for the success in e-commerce and social networking sites.

443-466

Authors: Jessia M S J , Riju Sharma & Geetha P

The aim of the study is to assess the effectiveness of a life skills training program to enhance mental health status and well being of young people. A classical experimental research design with a control group (pre, post, and follow-up intervention) and random sampling method were used. The present study comprised girls and boys in the age group of 16 to 19yrs, studying in plus one and plus two classes from Ernakulum Educational District of Kerala. The respondents were selected on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria and also evaluated the mental health status by GHQ-28 and mental well being by WEMWS-14. The 720 respondents from six Higher Secondary Schools (3 Govt. schools and 3 Pvt. Schools:1 boys, 1girls and 1co-edu. schools) were randomly selected and distributed in two mentioned groups such as 360 students in intervention group and 360 students in control group (180 boys and 180 girls from each group). The researcher conducted life skills training program (10 – 12 sessions in five weeks) to the intervention group and again the same assessment tools were administered for post-intervention (one – three months) and follow -up intervention (six- nine months) to evaluate the effectiveness of intervention program to enhance mental health status and well being of the respondents. The current version of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyze the data and correlations were obtained. Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance (RMANOVA) was performed to test whether there is any significant effect due to interventions in the scores. Independent sample t-test was performed to compare the equality of baseline scores of various components of the mental health status and well being of the two groups. The data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics in three-time lines (pre, post and follow- up intervention) under different sections. The result shows that there was a highly significant intervention effect between the scores of mental health status and well being. The researcher has noticed that a tremendous number (100% in mental health status and 99.1% in mental well being) of respondents in each group were benefitted by the intervention program. This indicates the need for periodic and constant intervention for the respondents. Hence, it can be concluded that life skills training program is effective for enhancing mental health status and well being of young people.

475-484

Authors: V. Ramanujam & Dhanyamol. V. R

Financial inclusion provides access to useful and affordable financial products and services for individuals and businesses that meet their needs and are delivered responsibly and sustainably. Financial inclusion is defined as the availability and equality of opportunities to access financial services. Financial services are economic servicesofferedby the finance industry, spanninga broad range of businesses managing money, including credit unions, banks, creditcard companies, insurance companies, accountancy firms, consumer-financefirms, stock brokerages, individualinvestment funds. The tribes are made up of families or communities in a social division of a traditional society linked by social, economic, religious, or blood ties, with a common culture and dialect, typically witha recognized leader.In this study,the financial inclusion and banking services among the scheduled tribes in the Wayanad district of Kerala are demonstrated.

497-502

Authors: Mayank Pant & Ankit Rana

Diesel and Petrol are strategic commodities; they play a vital role in the socioeconomic development of a country. Any uncertainty about their supply can impact the functioning of the economy. In order to reduce this uncertainty, it is important to plan and use the resources judiciously. But, before planning, it is essential to understand the consumption pattern of these products. Tentative information pertaining to category-wise overall consumption is available with different sources but there is no correct picture available on category-wise retail sales of Diesel / Petrol, as it is not maintained by dealers operating the retail outlets. It is important to note that during the last decade, retail share in total diesel sale has gone up from 78.5 to 82.1 per cent in 2011-12. Keeping in mind with the above scenario, Petroleum Planning and Analysis Cell (PPAC), an attached office of the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, engaged Nielsen India to conduct in-depth research covering over 2000 retail outlets (RO) spread across 150 districts in 16 states in India.

507-512

Authors: iMayank Pant & Kumar Ashutosh

Advertisements areiuseditoiget theiattentioniofipeopleithereby formingia distinct image in one’simind. Alcohol and cigarette advertisementsiwere found toihave severe impaction people due to increased consumption rate. So Indian igovernmentibannedialcoholiand cigarettiadvertisementsiin1995i(Nathwani 2016)[6].iThisigaveibirthitoitheiriseiof isurrogateiadvertisementsiiniIndia.iSurrogat iadvertisementii iaiformiofiadvertisementiusedit iadvertiseibanned products ibyireplacing them withia surrogateiproduct. In India weicanifind many surrogate advertisements like Bacardi iusing imusic CD’s,iMcDowell’s and Bagpiper using soda wateriasisurrogate to promoteiits alcoholic iproducts. The purpose io ithisistudyiisito study the howisurrogate advertisementihasievolved,iincidentsileadingito irise iof iit,ieffect iof isurrogate iadvertisementiiniIndia.iHowithese advertisementsican effectiyouth,iwhethe theyiareiinfluenced byithe role models ipitchediinitoiadvertise theibrand.

521-526

Authors: Zeite Shumneiyang Koireng

In Sankara’s Philosophy Mokṣa is understood as liberation which is attained by realizing our own self. In other words, which is attained as a process of purification of self which is gradually and increasingly turn into purer and purer intentional construction. According to Sankara, Mokṣa is not a state to be newly attained. It consists in the soul’s being absolutely all of a piece with itself. According to Sankara, it is knowledge and knowledge alone which is the means of Mokṣa and the highest knowledge is Mokṣa itself. Liberation in Sankara Vedanta means the realization of Para-Vidya, which may be understood in the realm of transcendental subjectivity this state is called Brahmabhava, which is described as truth, knowledge, and bliss (Sat,Chit, Ananda).

537-542

Authors: Sasikumar. P

Travels are ineluctable part of human life: it can render answers to various unrequited and enigmatic questions confronted by individuals in their quotidian routines. Novels map varied forms of travels to reinterpret the hidden layers of life and to make sense of various spatial and social relations. Anita Nair’s Idris: Keeper of the Light surveys varied modes of travels as well as probes the relation between displacement and relocation in human existence. The vertical and horizontal movements of man, with its own patterns of experiences, have their own trajectories emanating from spatial relations and perceptions. It is very arduous for individuals to overcome the forces of territorial actuation in life, as sometimes it may devastate whatever affinities they have with native places and livid spaces. Travel as a theme and as a narrative technique can be used to locate both the physical and metaphoric signification of life in literary works.

557-566

Authors: Gaanyesh Kulkarni1 & Rajesh K. Srivastava2

This article throws light on the effects of consumers’ buying patterns of edible oil and the demographics on purchase decision of branded edible oil among urban Indian households. Marketers need to concede that they need to understand and analyze consumer buying patterns in order to stay ahead of the competition in order to build a sustainable competitive advantage for their businesses. The objective of this study was to examine the usage pattern of branded edible oil, user preferences in terms of edible oil types, and impact of cultures and subcultures impact on purchase decision of edible oil consumption by urban households, as India being the multicultural country. This study is a descriptive study based on secondary data. Total 80 research papers have been systematically reviewed from various journals, literature referred to books, magazines, and websites. Consumer buying pattern and demographics found to have considerable influence on forming the purchase decision of edible oil of the urban household customers. This study was based on the review of literature pertaining to the consumer behavioral aspects towards consumption pattern, and influence of culture and sub-culture on the purchase decision of edible oil by Indian households. This study will prove to be useful for edible oil marketers in devising appropriate MARCOMM strategies and tactics for creating brand awareness and enhancing the brand image in the Indian FMCG market.

573-580

Authors: Namrata S. Gupta & Bijendra S. Agrawal

In the age of wireless communication, the term churn is arising due to facility race in mobile phone companies. Churn means the movement of the customer from the existing company for better services which are the migration of customer from one service provider to another. At present the Telecommunication Company or market, the struggle is on their extreme and the products and offerings are more and more analogous. This activity gives a direct loss to the company. In that context, necessary action and step can be taken if the reason behind it or churner may be predicted before leaving the services. So there is a need to understand and simplify the model to deal with churn problem. This paper gives two-step churn prediction model which tries to design a simple methodology to overcome such problem via data mining tools and process.

595-600

Authors: Pradeep Tandon

In the ancient era Indonesia has witnessed Hindu-dominated empires and influence of Hinduism was evident there in Srivijaya - kingdom. The politicization of religion and vote-bank politics made religion in Indonesia an internal part of politics. Gradually Indonesia became a country with a Muslim citizen’s majority but it retained its secular pluralistic culture. The politicization of religion and vote-bank politics made religion in Indonesia as an integral part of politics. Although, the policies remained predominantly secular. All these developments show an intricate combination of religious and politics. The article focuses on the intricate dynamics of the relationship of religion and politics in Indonesia.

607-612

Authors: Nimisha Susan Varghese

In partial equilibrium theory, the policy actions and effects are examined only in the directly affected markets. The Demand and Supply curves are used to describe the price effects policies. Producer and consumer surplus are used to measuring the welfare effects on participants in the market. A partial equilibrium theory either fails to consider the effects on other industries of the economy. The supply and demand model is a partial equilibrium model where the acceptance on the market of some goods is obtained separately from prices and quantities in other markets. Partial equilibrium is one which is related on a minimum range of data, a standard example is the price of a product, the prices of all other products are being held static during the entire review program. It is valid only under some limited situations, which may notalways hold in practice, but may be reasonable approximations. Partial equilibrium is a condition of economic equilibrium which takes under consideration where only a part of the market and all other will remains the same to attain an equilibrium state. A partial equilibrium analysis will either ignore the effects on different industries in the economy or assumes that the sector is very small and hence little if any impact on other sectors of the economy.

625-630

Authors: M. Valan Rajkumar & D. Venkadesh

In this study spotlight lying on verdict exposed the seeming point of occupational stress (OLS) in the midst of teachers in self-financing engineering colleges associated with Anna University-Region III-Madurai (AU-RIII-M), Tamilnadu, India. Anxiety is the foremost cause which impinges on the fitness along with the competence of an educator. Consequently, the investigator has primed a questionnaire to evaluate the altitude of OLS and descriptive research design is used. The samples are accumulated as of the cosmos, stratified random sampling is used, and to perform this cram 620 samples are collected out of 3015 teachers. The data amassed has been explored throughout the function of percentage analysis and T-Test for the gender of demographic characteristics (DGC). As a final point, the pollster explored the data using statistical package for the social science (SPSS). Thus the engineering colleges have to seem frontward to a get better sagacity work fulfillment with the lessening of OLS and as a final point pollster brings into being that DGC like gender has a crash on occupational stress index (OLSI) of educators. As a result, the organization ought to acquire essential paces to condense OLS in the midst of educators, to enlarged work satisfaction and excellence of edification.

11-14

Authors: Soumya

Print, as global phenomena was a trend that clearly emerged out of the various facets of Modernity. Thus Print and its development was a major turning point in the history of dissemination of a wide plethora of discourses and epistemological systems across the globe. Within the Indian context, like in any other part of the world, the evolution of print culture had, since the advent of technological and scientific advancement, been a major intervention in the modern age which made it possible to archive a large reservoir of oral knowledge. This paradigm shift from the purely oral to the print forms was rather a significant marker in Indian history which in a sense changed the face of not just literature but also the production, acceptance, and reception of all other Indian knowledge systems. Keeping in view and being fully aware of the importance and widespread reach that Print holds in India, this paper attempts to look closely at a trend during the 1970s which in a sense countered the print culture that had become a dominant form of exchange of knowledge. Here, it becomes rather important to delve a bit deeper into the period which is in common parlance called the 1970’s. Contrary to the general understanding, in the Indian context 1970s refers not just particularly to the decade i.e. from 1970 to 1979, rather to a trend that emerged much before 1970 in the Indian context. Thus, the specific reference here is to the ‘historical moment’ in Indian history called the Emergency, which for the first time since the emergence of the Print Culture faced censorship being imposed on the Press, an event which posed a major challenge and in a sense undermined its purpose itself at a time when it was in its boom and had acquired wide acceptance. This study focuses on those tendencies within the period which sought to find alternatives to print forms of resistance and seeks to delve deep into those alternative counter-narratives, mostly in the oral form that went on to challenge the established supremacy of Print. Thus, the focal point of the study is on a counter-print discourse, a trend which came as an offshoot of the excesses of the Government during the Emergency.

29-36

Authors: K. Nachimuthu

Internet use is very common all around the world, especially for academic work, and recreational purposes. The Internet has in recent years become ubiquitous in the lives of young persons and children, due to rapid information technology (IT) development, high speed wire connection, easy accessibility and increasing affordability. Its growth has also been fueled by a huge demand created by social and print media, advertisements and peer influences. Severe competition in educational institutions, stress from studies, parent-ward problems and peer conflicts are all highly stressful situations which could generate negative emotions, such as low self-esteem, feelings of inferiority and repressed anger, in teens. Many youths are using mainstream social networking sites. Most of the youths using internet in following utilities viz., Downloading, uploading, e-mail, chat, e-poll, health, news, current affairs, Job search, Education, science & technology, dictionary check, e-ticketing, banking, investments, insurance, sports update, fashion, beauty, GPS/ DPRS locations, literature, entertainment, license, cookery, astrology, traffic information, e-governance, e-bills, recharge activities, blogs creation and online shopping. Due to all the above works, they loss their realities and follow on modern cultures. This paper describes the pleasures and pressures of values on Youths.

47-56

Authors: Pradeep Tandon

Power is defined as “the capacity or ability to direct or influence the behavior of others or the course of events to get desired outcomes”. It can be done by threatening or by using wealth, if the person or the country is rich enough, or else if the person or the country has good reputation among counterparts can attract others towards it and get the work done. There are several ways in which others behavior can be affected. In the political world, it can simply be defined as the possession of capabilities or resources that can influence outcomes. In International political scenario, a country is considered to be powerful which has, relatively large population, territory, natural resources, economic strength, military force, and social stability. It requires skillful and strong leadership & well structured strategy to utilize the resources in desired manner for getting desired output. But often, Leaders are underestimated and strategies fall short of, like in the case of Hitler & Saddam Hussain.

67-74

Authors: Rhea Keisam

The Look East Policy introduced in the 1990s during P.M. Narasimha Rao was revived in 2014, under P.M. Narendra Modi and renamed as the “Act East Policy” stressing on the need to be more “active” in extending relations and integrating with India’s extended neighboring countries of the Asia Pacific region. The Act East Policy is analyzed and understood through the functionalist perspective, on how Act East Policy uses non-political factors such as economy, social and culture as its objectives in its attempt to promote cooperation with the countries of the Asia Pacific region, and also to integrate regionally through regional organizations like the ASEAN. The recent development like the implementation of Free Trade Agreement on Investment and Services between India and ASEAN in the economic aspect proves the importance of nonpolitical sector which are mutually beneficial to all participating states in seeking integration. Regional integration is of great importance to India and its neighboring countries to counter the rise of China in this region. KEYWORDS: Regional Integration, Functionalism, Soft Power, Act East Policy, Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, Northeast India.

81-86

Authors: Munejah Khan

F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby (1925) is often referred to as one of the best exemplification of the Jazz Age or the Roaring Twenties. The wealthy Gatsby is the American dream incarnate and his parties exhibit the enthusiasm of the 1920’s. The Roaring Twenties also propagated the feminine ideal of the “new woman” who could defy the norms of patriarchy. However, even with the emergence of the “new woman” the inequities did not cease to exist. This paper analyses how The Great Gatsby is essentially written from a man’s perspective and how it presents women as objects of ornamental importance to men and as inferior beings. Fitzgerald blatant sexism is voiced through the narrator Nick Carraway when he says “Dishonesty in a woman is something you never blame deeply. . . ” In the novel patriarchal order categorizes women either as “Madonna” or as “whore” based on their submission to or rebellion against, the rules of patriarchy. This paper focuses on how the representation of women in literature aims at providing “the role models which indicatewhat constitutes acceptable versions of the feminine and legitimate female goals and aspirations”(Barry 117). The paper through Fitzgerald’s novel illustrates how women like Daisy internalize the norms and values of patriarchy that emphasize the superiority of men. Daisy on the birth of her daughter says as if to reaffirm the inferior status of women “All right, I’m glad it’s a girl. And I hope she’ll be a fool—that the best thing a girl can be in this world, a beautiful little fool”. The paper analyses how women have been constructed in The Great Gatsby and reaffirmsSimone DeBeaviour’s statement “one is not born but becomes a woman”.

95-110

Authors: Meghna Chhabra & Aparna Prashant Goyal

Education is commonly perceived to be important for the success of entrepreneurial activity. But the profile of many successful entrepreneurs suggests lack of education which did not affect their entrepreneurial experience in the least. Thus, it becomes significant to challenge that both education and entrepreneurship are endogenous. The study is a pioneering one in the field of understanding the impact of level of education of the entrepreneurial experience of women entrepreneurs. The earlier related researches have primarily focused on the effect of entrepreneurial education and training on the entrepreneurial intentions and further the business performance of entrepreneurs/women entrepreneurs. Using data from 174 women entrepreneurs from India this paper estimates the effect of level of education of the female entrepreneurial experience - FEE. The FEE framework generated by this study can be used to contrast and compare the experiences of the women entrepreneurs in various other regions. The results suggest that the level of education affected only one factor i.e., the ease of financing from banks and financial institutions) for these women entrepreneurs.

129-136

Authors: A. John Joseph & J. John Love Joy

This article attempts to explicatethe trajectory of the term Eclecticism,its origin and objectives, principles and characteristics, merits and demerits, conceptions and misconceptions in the contextof second language teachings and learning. This is an approach, which came into second language teaching and learning to argue against the adherence teachers, material designers and programme developers to a single method in the language teaching and learning scenario. It is not a method in itself but an approach deriving its sources from various other existing methods to build its principles and characteristics to suit the learners’ needs. Hence, it can be called a pluralistic approach or a mixed approach in a second language teaching and learning.This paper suggests five simple tips to the teachers to be more eclectic and better understand their understanding of teaching-learning functions and thereby alter their teaching methods in the complex situations.

145-158

Authors: Mujeeb Liyakat1 & Ruheela Hassan2

Climate Change is one of the 17 Global Goals or Sustainable Development Goals officially known as Transforming our world: The 2030 agenda for Sustainable Development set by the United Nations. One of the objectives of the United Nations system is for protect people. UN said that people are experiencing the significant impacts of Climate Change and it is now affecting all the nations throughout the world. The greenhouse gas emissions from human activities are driving Climate Change and continue to rise. They further added that it is the single biggest threat to development. In a country like India, mass communication plays an important role in creating peoples awareness about national policies and issues. Contemporary society is driven by Hard media determinism. More than three years have gone when this vision was launched by the UN. The researchers made use of Content Analysis of mainstream English dailies of India to see whether this art gave this important issue coverage or not. If yes, what type of coverage it gets. Whether it is Reality or Myth. Because newspapers are considered as the schoolmasters of the common man. This art can prove a very important contributor to Climate Change communication and awareness. The researchers after objectively analyzed sample came to know that insufficient space is given to Climate Change and Climate Change as a Reality gets more space than Climate Change as a Myth. Researchers suggest here a theory Savior theory of Fourth Estate. There is no denying the fact that a number of theories proved that media has the power to do miracles. Now the researchers propound this theory to request media to take charge of saving the planet earth.

169-180

Authors: Yasmin Khatun & Shovan Ghosh

Health, a crucial human development indicator, is at a critical juncture at present. Access to public health services in many developing countries is hardly adequate. Inequalities in health care infrastructure loom large, resulting in poor health outcomes. Again these backdrops, the present paper opts to scrutinize the health care infrastructure and its spatial disparities with special references to South 24 Parganas district of West Bengal. Based on secondary data, the paper seeks to develop Health Infrastructure Index with the help of several indicators, pertaining to availability of health care service, performances of the public health care center, and accessibility to health care infrastructure. The study revealed that availability of health care service in terms of doctor population ratio, primary health care center per 10,000 populations are far from satisfactory; the preference for home deliveries is high, poor connectivity and accessibility still poses a setback for good health care service.

191-196

Authors: L. Bishwanth Sharma

Abortion is one of the most controversial issues discussed in the contemporary engagement in applied or medical ethics though legally it is not permitted. This issue is also closely linked with human rights issue because human beings have a right to life. It is also connected with the debate over the identification of fetus with human beings. One thing very clear is that it is morally or legally wrong to eliminate one’s life or to disturb the situation that will become a living organism. The right to exist whether living or non-living is also another fundamental moral issue. No one has the right to violate the right of others. The violation of one’s right whether legitimate or illegitimate within a social structure or a state system is legally as well as morally wrong. The present paper attempts to make an understanding of the issue of abortion from the perspectives of moral ground vis a vis the violation of human rights. The term abortion is usually connected with a human act that disturbed a biological natural process. It is called a premature termination of pregnancy. In the medical moral community, they used the word evacuation, instead of abortion, which is value neutral. Some philosophers define the word abortion as termination of unborn life. This view is subject to criticism from the standpoint of debate on the beginning of life. The termination of life or the disturbance of the biological process can be occurred in two ways. One is spontaneous and another induced. The former is seen when there is malfunctioning of the natural process take an example of miscarriage and the later has happened when some external agent disturbs the process with certain objectives. The moral issue involves in the act of any way of terminating the life considering the motives behind the act and also determining the motives of the actors become a moral dilemma.

209-218

Authors: P. Stanly Joseph Michael Raj & M.O. Tessy

Kudumbashree has become a synonym of a campaign for women development in the state of Kerala. It has been in the forefront of creating economic development, especially for rural women. Kudumbashree has ventured into many areas which were traditionally reserved for men. Started off with self-help groups and microfinance, the movement is now into maintaining railway stations and bus stands to restaurants to branded food and even in construction. MNREGS scheme launched by the central government added to the strengthening of Kudumbashree mate’s scheme implementation. Close to two lakh women were trained to work as ‘Mates’ in MGNREGS. What started as a cadre, developing knowledge on identification and estimation of works lead to the rejuvenation of the entire structure, and it benefited ADS and Kudumbashree, the most. This study by the researchers aims to understand the reasons for the success, and the factors that contributed to the successful implementation in the state.

227-234

Authors: Nancy Waral L

The modern college library is a place where students can, without any assistance, take advantage of its collection, not only books but also slides, transparencies, sound recordings, video films, computer programmes, multimedia programmes and access to the Internet. The new role of libraries are linked therefore to computerization and utilization of information technology in the widest sense and it follows that with the correct equipment and suitable preparation librarians can fulfill their function as gatherers of information. The main aims of the study are to help the law student of Mar Gregorios College, Kerala Law Academy and Government Law College of Trivandrum to know more about their own libraries, resources, potentials, and uses. The study will enable the managements to update their libraries, if needed, to meet their requirements of the students and teacher community.

243-248

Authors: D. Deepa & G. Priyanka

This study quickly clarified that the business visionary is conceived or learned with existing entrepreneurs. India is looked with joblessness issue which influences the adolescent to set out on independent work through the development of possess ventures. To escalate further into the factors underlying the business interest is viewed to be vital at this moment. The research paper has dissected on three particular gatherings: assembling, administrations and trade sub-divisions to find out what incited business visionaries in the nation to go into business. It was discovered that the requirement for support is greater to supplement the self made entrepreneurship abilities to fetch productive results. It was in this manner suggested that more help ought to be rendered to business people in the nation by imparting on them the feeling of intensity.

253-258

Authors: Dashrath

Arun Joshi’s The Strange Case of Billy Biswas is a satire on the modern materialistic world where man finds trapped in the clutches of phony glitter of the outward world. He seems to give a clarion call as what the Romantics exhorted in the late 18th century— ‘Return to Nature’. The portrayal of Billy Biswas’ life-journey answers the questions related to the meaninglessness and fulfillment, peace and prosperity, tradition and modernity, body and soul. The juxtapositioning of the primal, tribal and modern, materialistic world by the writer raises many issues to be addressed in a world where the people at the margins remain out of the focus in present times. By mapping the meandering of Billy’s internal conflict in search of fulfillment and meaningfulness in life this paper aims at analyzing his life as a spiritual odyssey.

269-276

Authors: Harmik Vaishnav

Gandhi, known as the one who clouded the sun that never set on British empire and western powers with his philosophy, preaching and practice but lesser known for bringing light to the rationality of civilization, the structure of law and governance, resilience of economy and commerce and universality of a harmonious societal role. His influence, direct and indirect, reached individuals, leaders, business leaders, politicians, philanthropists, institutions and many a nation.

281-300

Authors: Yigerem Terefe & Kirubel Tadese

Many studies have confirmed the organizational commitment is an important factor deciding the success or failure of the organization. However, how to commit employees with the organization is still a challenge for many organizations. This study was conducted to determine the factors that affect employees’ organizational commitment in Ethiopian public sector. The survey study was conducted on 272 sampled respondents from randomly selected 14 federal ministries. From the total of 272 questionnaires, 260 usable questionnaires were returned and out this, 84 were women and164 were men. For the purpose of analysis, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was employed using AMOS software, version 21. The study results showed that employees in the public sector relatively had a higher level of affective commitment, followed by normative and continuance commitment respectively. Even though job satisfaction had a statistically significant positive effect on employees’ organizational commitment, the existing level of employees’ job satisfaction was found to be satisfactory. Based on the study finding, job satisfaction had a mediation effect on the relationship between independent variables, perceived organizational support and training, and the dependent variable, employees’ organizational commitment with statistically significant positive indirect effect. And job satisfaction had a mediation effect on the relationship between perceived supervisors support and organizational commitment with statistically significant negative indirect effect. Hence, the study recommends that to enhance employees’ organizational commitment; the public sector should work towards improving employees’ job satisfaction by strengthening their organizational support and training.

315-338

Authors: Geetu Singal, Aparna Prashant Goyal & B. Nagi

Cybercrime consists of activities undertaken by an individual or company that are done in a dishonest or illegal manner, and are designed to give an advantage to the perpetrating individual or company. Cyber-attacks are becoming more frequent in India. In 2017, approximately 53,000 cases of cybercrimes were reported and there were rise of about 10 per cent during 2018 as reported by two officials in the security establishment. It may be pointed out that almost 40 per cent of the attacks from January – May 2018 originated from China, and 25 percent from US; 13 per cent came from Pakistan and 9 per cent from Russia. For the present research paper, the data pertaining to fourteen factors which could help in preventing cybercrimes data were collected from 237 respondents. Out of the total respondents, 81 are the judges and 156 are the advocates. The average opinion of the respondents on the following three factors is little more than option 3 (Agree): Fake Websites, Hacking and Loose Security Measures. Taking proper or stringent security measures to protect the data and information would prevent cybercrimes. One has to be careful of fake websites and hacking activities in order to save the data and information from cybercrimes. The mean values of the perception of the respondents on following factors are nearing option 3 (Agree): Professional Networking, Social Media Sites, Unsecured Information, Privacy and Password Settings, Two Factor Authentication, Unsecured Public Wi-Fi, Recognized and Secured Payment Gateway, and Remote Access to Computer. These measures would help to maintain distance from the cybercrimes.

349-356

Authors: C. Vijayalakshmi & K. Kaliammal

The institutional Credit in conjunction with modern agricultural technologies has ushered agricultural development across Indian regions. About 70 per cent of the population has been directly or indirectly depending on agricultural and allied activities. The moderate credit supply by the lending institutions enabled quick infrastructural growth across Indian regions and thereby improved level credit absorption capacity. In institutional finance to agriculture, Commercial banks including RRBs now are emerging in top ranking. There is a moan of release for the rural poor from the dreaded control of money lenders. NABARD as an apex institution of indirect financing to agriculture the progress achieved in refinancing is praiseworthy. Recent data reveals that 66% of householdsin rural areas are still away from getting banking facilities. Financial inclusion is very essential andcredit has played a vital role in agricultural development yet regional and the farmcategory wise disparity has also taken place. Though financing of agriculture by commercial banks has proved its value in changing the economy of farmers by increasing their income and the system m is not free from some problems. This study is an attempt to find the problem faced by farmers and suggest some framework changes regarding problems and sound financing system for the near future.

367-374

Authors: Sanghamitra Jena & Shradha Padhi

The share and size of the elderly population are increasing in India and the number of impoverished senior citizens has been significantly noticed over time. From 5.6% in 1961 the population has increased to 8.6% in 2011. Looking into location, there are 71% of senior citizens have been residing in rural areas. In fact, 29% old people’s concentration found in urban setup. In the age group of 60-64 years, 76% were married while 22% were the widow and remain 2% were found either divorced or never married. It has been observed that the existence of few factors is mainly responsible to increase the numbers at a faster rate, these are like “diminishing moral values, Globalization, nuclear family and degradation social value system”.

379-392

Authors: Jyoti Garg & Aparna Prashant Goyal

This study is to identify the new lending platform for short term borrowers and lenders over the internet. It focuses on the scope and forecasts the success or failure of peer to peer lending companies in the market. The research consists of secondary data, which provides different perspectives towards the research question. Funding Circle is one of the largest peers to peer UK based exchange for borrowing and lending money. I-lend are the company operating in the same industry in India. A small overview of their business model and working provides an insight into its system and market.

401-412

Authors: Avisek Chaudhuri & Durga Shankar Rath

A library is the heart of an academic institution. In this paper, we tried to study the facilities available in the library and how much user use its resources day by day. The colleges are selected form two Midnapore (i.e. Paschim and Purba Midnapore) of West Bengal. We take six colleges to form these two districts. All these colleges are affiliated under Vidyasagar University and most of the colleges are established in the rural area of these two districts. One college i.e. Midnapore college had established before Independence (the year 1872), is one of the oldest colleges in India. Students come here from below income level family and study here in General Degree course in Arts, Science, and Commerce subject. The Infrastructure of the colleges is not up to the mark. The Service is also not remarkable. In this study, we found that Midnapore college has better infrastructure and service among all colleges and Despran College is the newest college among these colleges. Maximum colleges have insufficient stuff and fund also. Students are not always ready to use their resources for their study. Librarians take inicitatives to increase the interest of the user to use the library more than the past.

429-438

Authors: Navneet Kaur

Medical Tourism has turned out to be a fast growing multibillion-dollar industry around the world. It is an economic activity that entails trade in services and represents the mixing of two of the largest world industries: health care and tourism. In India, it has emerged as the fastest growing segment of the tourism industry despite the global economic downturn. India is offering very low-cost treatments not only to Indians but also to the foreigners. The current paper studied various clinical and service aspects driving medical tourism to Rajasthan. The Results of the current study indicated that visitors seem to be satisfied with Accreditation of Hospital, nursing care, pharmacy/ medicine availability and Counselling as clinical attributes and Accommodation, Security service and Country food availability as service attributes. Further, the hospitals should extend their facility and accreditation so that they can be part of the new mode of tourism called medical tourism. Thus the present study is very helpful for the overall development of the state.

447-452

Authors: Gurleen Ahluwalia

Literature is a tapestry of life, cultures, and imagination woven from the scores of colorful strands of characters, setting, mood, plot and embroidered with the carefully chosen silk threads of words and expressions. Hence, it has the potential to become a perfect resource for the teachers for engaging students in language learning classrooms. In the present research paper, the teacher-researcher explores the benefits of using short stories for teaching language arts to the elementary and pre-intermediate level undergraduate students of Punjab following an inductive approach of second language acquisition. The second part of the paper presents a complete lesson plan based on the mythological story of “The King Midas and the golden touch.”

463-468

Authors: Saroj Vats & Ami Pandya

The manufacturing sector is always considered as backbone of an economy. Out of this Pharma, sector is much more important as health plays a key role in a human being’s life. With the policy of past government, Indian Pharma sector has grown up very fast. It generates nearly 22.4 % of Indian GDP every year. There are nearly 8,174 small scales to large scale units which are working in Indian Pharma sector. It is the only sector which works on cost efficiency, growth and increasing investments through policy support One would surely wonder when American cancer research institute is using drugs made in India. It makes people jealous as well as wonder. Almost all the big brands of international Pharma having their manufacturing unit in India, particularly in Gujarat. Indian Pharma sector invests nearly 8.8% of its sales into R&D, so the growth is also rapid. This paper aims to understand the impact of the new government over Indian Pharma sector. Are the claims of new India and modinomics really helping in straightening on backbone? Are the SSI’s in an industrial state of Gujarat really generating profits after a new government and its newly imposed policies?

473-482

Authors: Ratiba Riyaz

Today workforce ageing, labor and skill shortages have become a major concern, emphasizing the need for retaining and sustaining competent older workers. To do so organizations need to focus on designing a supportive work climate for older employees. This will require making the workplace more attractive and appealing so that older workers will want to continue working in the organizations. In reality, the existence of an age-supportive climate in organizations is not that evident. Many organizations don’t consider developing age-supportive policies and practices that would contribute to positive work culture. Lack of opportunities and support provided to older workers might be rooted in the belief that with increasing age role of people in work and society is significantly reduced. These stereotypes might transform into daily practices and procedures of the organization, and lead to a workplace climate that is less responsive to the older workers contributions. Thus, leading to creation of a weak work climate which affects older workers contribution towards organizational growth and success. Designing Strategies to strengthen their work climate is therefore necessary in fostering older workers commitment and intention to remain in the organization.

491-496

Authors: Thirupathi. K, Mamatha. G, Narayana E & Venkaiah. Y

Termites, especially Odontotermes sp. were playing an important role in ecology, entomophagy and other contexts such as Zootherapy around the world including Indian ethnic people. By food, value termites have a rich source of proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, enzymes, and minerals. The termites Odontotermes obesus had high levels of biochemical constituents such as proteins 66mg/ 100mg; carbohydrates 35mg/100mg; lipids 6.80mg/100mg and other enzymes. The results that Odontotermes obesus have more proteins followed by carbohydrates, lipids, and enzymes. In addition to their ecological importance, termites are a source of food and medicinal resources to ethnic people of Koya tribes from Pakhal Wildlife sanctuary, Telangana state. Therefore, there is an urgent need to focus on entomological research to the documentation of the utility of insects.

11-22

Authors: Muh. Ruslan Abdullah & Hamzah Kamma

This study aims to analyze local government policy on zakat management and its impact. This research is qualitative research, the government policy, the collection and distribution of ZIS into primary data in research. Government policies related to zakat management include: a) Local Regulation (PERDA) number 6 the Year 2006, b) Circular Letter Number: 011/BAZNAS kota-PLP/VI/2017 about the subject of zakat, infak, alms and other religious social funds, c) Circular Letter Number: 23/BAZNAS kota-PLP/VIII/2017 about the determination of amount of zakat income infak funds. Government policy in the form of Local Regulation (PERDA) did not change after it was issued in 2006, and does not accommodate all zakat regulations in the form of Law, Government Regulations, Decree of the Minister of Religious Affairs and Central BAZNAS decision. The optimization of zakat management can be seen from zakat collection and distribution. The data shows the weakness of zakat collection especially zakat mal and zakat income. Zakat mall that collected only amounted to 15,740,000 so that the impact on the weakness of zakat distribution. These data indicate that the policy of Palopo government has no significant impact on the optimization of zakat management.

29-36

Authors: K. A. Kunjithapatham

The paper has been undertaken to study the perception of the respondents towards 20 factors related to credit card usage in Nagapattinam district. The sample size was 600 respondents who are using SBI credit card in the study area. The researcher collected primary data through the questionnaire. The researcher applied a simple percentage and ANOVA as statistical tools. The study found that out of 20 factors considered for the study, the majority of the respondents positively perceived on 13 factors and about half of the respondents positively perceived on five factors. Especially, a high positive perception was found in the services of prompt receipt of the monthly statement, prompt receipt of e-statement, good security system on online payments. The perception level was low in case of convenient payment modes. It was also found that there was a significant difference between the gender of the respondents and their perception level on 17 factors. There was a significant difference between income and perception level and age and perception level on all the factors of perception.

45-54

Authors: Zhu Yunying & Chen li

The thesis aims at a brief analysis of the manifestation of the code hero in The Old Man and the Sea which is one of Ernest Hemingway’s most prominent works. It will firstly research on the background information of Hemingway and find out the influence of the personal experience on his creation. The following analysis of the code hero in The Old Man and the Sea will be conducted by listing and analyzing in detail the specific features on the basis of the general knowledge of Hemingway hero. The main characteristics of the code hero in The Old Man and the Sea include the despairing courage, endurance of loneliness, pain and hardship, pride and dignity and intelligence.

63-66

Authors: Parvathy. P

U.R. Ananthamurthy’s Samskara draws a picture of a decaying Brahmin agrahara in the village of Durvasapura in Karnataka. The agrahara is famed after its great ascetic Praneshacharya, who is a much sought after scholar. The conflict in the novel arises when Praneshacharya is unable to find a solution to the samskara ofNaranappa, a member of the agrahara. Since Naranappa had no children, a member of the agrahara had to do the last rites. But everyone was hesitant since Naranappa had not lived the life of a Brahmin. The paper traces the different meanings of the word ‘samskara’ through the life of Praneshacharya. The title is a pointer to the different phases of transformation that Praneshacharya undergoes

73-78

Authors: P. Jaiprakash, S. John Kaviarasu & J. Jai Dinesh

Service-Learning as a co-curricular activity blends teaching and research can create comprehensive academic activity in higher education mission all over the world. Depending on the curricular framework on par with institutional vision and mission, each educational institution differs in conducting service-learning course in the neighborhood community through students. Service Learning as outside the classroom experience provides an opportunity for students to learn and exercise social awareness and leadership. The field experience and feedback learned by the students are discussed in the classroom wherein the faculty, researchers alike participates in the analysis. The need for community service calls the attention of students, researchers and faculty members. It also mobilizes staff resources at colleges and universities level for volunteering, which has been referred to as academic charity. This becomes the main component of co-curricular activity in many academic institutions in India. Loyola College, Chennai had been a harbinger in conducting in service learning programme for four decades holds scientific exposure which has been already utilized for many researchers and public policy framework by the state government, particularly on urban slum management and poverty alleviation. This study verifies whether this Loyola College Chennai model can be a suggestive model for all higher education institutions in India.

89-96

Authors: Babulal Umar Shaikh & Sheetal Ankushe

The present study on Koha and LIBSYS respectively have been undertaken both library management software‘s are good but there is a scope for improving also in both softwares. From the study we found that many features from Koha are better than the LIBSYS such as portability, report generating time, field length of titles, OPAC which provides options for user suggestions, comments, and tags. But LIBSYS also has its own features like article indexing system, service of customization, maintenance and security of data is provided by the vendor or local service providers.

107-116

Authors: P. Jaiprakash, S. John Kaviarasu & Arulraj Louis

When we envisage societal transformation, there are many players who are significant in that arena. And the most important of the players is the youth, as they are the pillars on which every development will be built. They are the future who will sustain the edifice of societal transformation. Hence, we can say that youth is the fulcrum on which the societal change rotates and develops. However societal changes can be made possible, only when youth in all national societies are provided suitable opportunities to acquire skills, right, and just guidance and made partners in the decision-making, governance and management.

125-128

Authors: M. Arockiasamy & V. Francis

The Chief concern in this article is to examine the sense of alienation in the select novels of Arun Joshi. How does the Modern human find himself/herself estranged not only from his fellow human but also from himself/herself? It focuses mainly on how the modern man is alienated in various ways. It also analyses today’s world which has shrunk in spirit, languishing in confusion, frustration, disintegration, disillusionment, and meaninglessness. The theme ‘alienation’ is one of the predominant themes in the novels of Arun Joshi. His characters are alienated individuals in environments of crisis and emotional disturbances.

137-140

Authors: M. Arockiasamy & V. Francis

The Apprentice (1974) Arun Joshi’s third novel explores deeper into the inner awareness of the human soul. It depicts the tormented attempt of a guilt-stricken individual to retrieve his innocence and honour. In all his novels, Joshi describes the painful predicament of his protagonists. In his first novel The Foreigner the protagonist SindiOberoi, an alienated rootless young man searches for his identity and roots, withdraws himself from all humankind. Finally, when his vision is clear, he returns to the human world from detachment to attachment. The Second novel The Strange Case of Billy Biswas, describes the withdrawal of Billy Biswas the protagonist, from the civilized society and emotionally dehydrated which he belongs to. He finds himself the primitive society of the tribals into which Billy vanishes deliberately. And in The Apprentice (1974) Arun Joshi depicts the protagonist, RatanRathor, estranged from his unpolluted self and as a victim of money-minded corrupt society. Finally, he tries his amendment through humility and penance by wiping the shoes of the temple-visitors daily.The Apprentice is a confessional novel wherein the narrator protagonist unfolds the story of his life in the form of an internal monologue. RatanRathor, who is both the hero and the antihero of the novel, probes into his inner life and exposes the perfidy, chicanery, cowardice and corruption of his own character in themock-heroic novel. He is neither a rebel like Billy Biswas nor a rootless foreigner like SindiOberoi. He is a practical man who, getting his idealism shattered in the corrupt society, proposes to survive by sycophancy and practically adapts himself to the mysterious ways of the world. The novel is both a treatise on current social and political scene and lament of a distressed soul. The novel reminds us of Charles Dickens’ Hard Times. Here the social reality becomes the nucleus of the novel where in Ratan, like Sindi and Billy, comes out yet another reflective introvert whose life corresponds to bitter social norms and consequently undergoes suffering and, of course, salvation towards the end.

157-164

Authors: Jangkholun Mate

The present investigation aimed to study the indigenous traditional education system of the Mate tribe of India. The Mate people resided in few districts of Manipur, India, since time immemorial. They also inhibited some isolated places in the Chin Hills of Myanmar. The Mates have distinct culture, traditions and customs. The also had indigenous traditional education system like that of the modern education system. In the light of this background, an investigation was focused to study the salient features of the indigenous traditional education system of the Mate tribe. The present study also aimed to discuss the type of education and administrative system of the Mate tribe. Attempt was also made to study the curriculum of the traditional education system of the Mate tribe. Further, effort was directed to find out the educational implications and relevance of indigenous traditional education system of the Mates to the modern education system.

15-26

Authors: Gagan Jain & Mukta Singhvi

The recent expansion of Internet-enabled technology has significantly changed how youth encounter and consume pornography. With the growth of the Internet, access to pornography has also increased manifold. The issue is more pertinent to the Indian society which is fast moving towards digitization with its ever-expanding internet base and a vast population of the youth. Youth is amongst the most vulnerable when it comes to the impact of negative consequences of exposure to pornography. Their still-developing sexual identity and the dynamic interplay of biological and social changes make them more prone to sexual experimentation. They are more likely to uncritically interpret pornography and perceive it as a realistic depiction of sexual activity. The purpose of this paper is, thus, to infer the vulnerability of the Indian youth towards the ill effects of internet pornography on the basis of recent (i.e., 2005 to present) literature. It deals with issues regarding the impact of Internet pornography on young people, sexual attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors. The influence of cyber pornography on selfconcept, body image, social development has also been discussed. Finally, recommendations for future research regarding the psychologically healthy understanding of the sex issues have been discussed.

37-46

Authors: Haresh Barot

A notable development, have been made during the last decades in our understanding of the relationship between awareness and growth on one hand, and entrepreneurship and growth on the other. Similarly, more insights have also been gained as to how entrepreneurship, innovation, and knowledge are correlated. Still, comprehensive understanding is missing concerning the line of all of those variables. The connection between the micro-economic origin of growth and the macroeconomic outcome is still too elementary modeled to grasp the full width of these complex and intersecting forces. The main objective of this paper is hence to throw light on recent advances in our indulgent of the forces that support the creation of knowledge, its dispersal through innovation, and the role of the entrepreneur in the growth route.

57-66

Authors: M. K. Joseph. SJ

This article is proposed to bring to focus the economic or materialistic life of the Ganjhus belonging to the dalit community of Jharkhand. Material deprivation coupled with social exclusion, caste oppression and lack of material resources have put the Ganjhus in a very disadvantageous position. Material deprivation of the Ganjhus is their inability to afford their consumptions and activities that are typical in a society at a given point of time, irrespective of people’s preferences with respect to these items. Inadequate educational opportunities, lack of employment opportunities, unpleasant living conditions in the remote areas and a sense of powerlessness are contributing to their poverty and social status. They are living in a situation that prevents them from participating in important areas of the mainstream society’s activities. Therefore, this paper brings forth a comprehensive study of way of living, occupation, different expenditures and many other economical assets of the Ganjhus.

77-84

Authors: Jubair . T

As per the revised deadline of the directive issued by the Reserve Bank of India, magnetic stripe bank cards are to be replaced by EMV chip cards with effect from 1st January 2019 onwards. Even though it is a bold step to enhance the safety and security of debit cards and credit cards, the ultimate security of bank cards depends on the adoption of proper security measures from the part of the users. The present study is an attempt to analyse the extent to which the security measures suggested by the banks were followed by the customers while using debit cards. The study established that some of the security measures were followed by the majority of the customers while some security practices such as frequent change of PIN number is not properly done by the customers.

95-102

Authors: S. Praveenkumar

In India, gold is promoted largely for purchasing and selling physically or in the type of ornaments. It is appreciated as a savings and investment which is a preferred investment in India. Consumer awareness refers to how customer’s analysis a certain product on their own conclusions. Business depends on how it attracts and retains the customers who willing to procure goods at the cost that are profitable to the business. The objective of the study is to understand the buying behavior of customers towards gold jewellery in Madurai district. Therefore, it is important to study the unusual purchasing behavior of the people and accept the changes as per the current fashionable people’s requirements. Hence, the researcher has undertaken this study to understand the buying behavior of consumers towards gold jewellery in Madurai district, TamilNadu. For which 250 samples collected using convenient sampling technique and statistical tools like Chi-square test, Garrett Ranking, Percentage Analysis etc. are used to analysis the study and provide the valid suggestions based on the findings of the study.

113-122

Authors: Md. Bahrul Islam

Iliya Abu Mâd. î is one of the prolific poets of Mahjar Literature. Indeed, he faced different phases of life, which is full of hardship that led him to have a composition of imaginative poetry in various fields. His poetry on nature falls in the category of romanticism. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the romantic imagination of Abu Mâd. î especially relating to natural poetry. He philosophically made a reflection in his poetry of the human life as beautiful portraiture and existence. The poet recalls that man should not rebel against the fate destined for him but accept it with grace. As romanticism goes, Iliya Abu Mâd. î was nostalgic for the homeland as and when he was aloof from motherland; and in this connection, he also composed a patriotic poem. His imagination extends towards human life and its riddle endowed with philosophical enquiry and the natural expressions. In fact, his verse finds smooth and lucid in an expression of his ideas. As such, scholars are of the opinion that there is full of the portrayal of romanticism in his poetry; in which his imaginative expression is employed to the great extent.

139-142

Authors: Atiya Parveen

In this paper, we highlight the works of Achutan Ramachandran has masterfully articulated with the sentiments and emotions in his paintings which he deals on the human psyche and he creates his style which looks exaggerated and he grotesquely distorts different as not seen in any other artists of the world. In his works he applied absurd forms of bizarre and intermingled realistically, his vibrant colors evoke a sense of irony and crummy. When we saw the whole life of A. Ramachandran, his works divided into three main phases: first phases in which he inspired the local landscapes and murals of their own town, he influences more when he went to pray in the Krishnaswami temples with his mother, he saw in the evening that the lights gleaming on the murals look different. The second phase of his life based on the partition of India and Pakistan, which was highly effected on his psyche. In the third phase, his works look as he inspired by the beautiful ponds of dreamy landscape and Kerala bourgeois life.

151-160

Authors: Samuel Ng’entu

Preparation of lessons is an inevitable first step in a school teaching activity because it gives the teacher an opportunity to formulate lesson objectives. Subsequently, the teacher selects the content and determines the learning activities which will lead to the achievement of these objectives. In Kenya, English is taught as a second-language. English is both a compulsory subject in primary and secondary schools and a language of instruction for all the other school subjects except Kiswahili at all levels of education in Kenya. It is therefore, a prestigious language and students’ prowess in it is highly valued. For this reason, effectiveness on how it is taught is critical both for teachers and policymakers. Literature is used in English language classrooms as a resource for availing students with contextual backgrounds for studying the English language. This also explains why it was introduced in Kenyan primary teacher training colleges in 2006 and integrated into English subject. Whereas many scholars in Kenya have researched on the other factors influencing students’ performance in English, very little has been mentioned about the influence of preparation of literature lessons particularly in teacher training colleges. The purpose of this study is therefore, an attempt to fill this gap by investigating the tutor preparation of literature lessons at public Primary Teacher Training Colleges (PTTCs) in Kenya. Data for the study was collected by administration of questionnaires to teachers’ college’s tutors teaching literature, interview of English subject heads and observation of literature lessons. Analysis of data was done using descriptive statistics of frequency and percentage and presented in the text. The study concluded that failure by college tutors teaching literature to prepare literature lessons well and prior to teaching bedevils integrated literature implementation. The study recommends regular in-service training of teachers’ colleges tutors teaching literature to enlighten them on the learning objectives of literature and equip them with the necessary knowledge and skills in the preparation of literature lessons. Further, the study recommends vibrancy and tutor-administrator collaboration in the monitoring of literature implementation in public PTTCs in Kenya

171-180

Authors: Madhumita Mukherjee, Sudipta Mukherjee & Mudit Saxena

Tourism is an expanding activity, and rapidly growing worldwide due to its own charm. Each and every Central and State Tourism bodies are critically examining the role of technology and implementing it for their own use and making tourist friendly website and managing visitors accordingly. This paper critically examines the role of Geographic Information System in visitor management, web development, and other aspects of tourism along with its benefits to the tourism industry. Through this paper, researchers also have explained different scopes of GIS in making scientific planning of tourism.

191-206

Authors: Bilal Ahmad Sheikh

The usage of Non-Financial Products and Financial Products through Electronic mechanism is comfortable and time-saving process; since the adoption rates of Electronic Non-Financial Products and Electronic Financial Products are very low. An attempt has been made in the current study to check the variations on Behavioral Intention between Electronic Non-Financial Products and Electronic Financial Products.

213-224

Authors: Ifeoma Mabel Onyemelukwe

The present study has the objective of making a case study of Igbo as an endangered language. It sets out to identify the factors leading to the endangerment of the Igbo language, the immediate and long-term effects of this linguistic phenomenon of Igbo language endangerment. Two methods are applied: descriptive and historical. It is established, in this study, that the Igbo language is an endangered language. It is in a dying state and many of the younger generation (Igbo children and families) no longer speak Igbo. Also, they no longer learn it as a mother tongue (MT) informally and imperceptibly at home. Speaking Igbo is left generally at the hands of the generation of some Igbo parents. Factors of endangerment of Igbo found include undesirable language attitudes and disloyalty to the Igbo language and the marginalization of the Igbo language, a majority language. One long-term negative consequence of the Igbo language endangerment discovered is that the Igbo language runs the risk of becoming extinct forty to fifty years from now if no drastic measures are taken to curb the ugly trend. Another long-term effect is the death of Ndigbo (linguistic and symbolic death). Some recommendations are proffered, notably: changing undesirable attitudes to the Igbo language; sensitization of Ndigbo both young and old to the display of great loyalty to the Igbo language, socio-linguistic readiness for literacy in Igbo and development of Igbo to become a language of science and technology through more thorough work on its metalanguage. The speedy and effective implementation of the recommendations will, hopefully, avert for the Igbo language and the Igbo nation the impending doom.

235-246

Authors: BhuvanePs.w Bahrui,v La.n Mesawnajrui,l aL D. Mavaidnsjuolna &D aCv i.dLs.o Ln. &Ja Cya .pLr.a Lda. Jayaprada

Carey’s popularity rose with the world canvas with the publication of Jack Maggs. Like the Australian writers Judith Wright, Hal Porter, Thomas Keneally, and Patrick White, Peter Carey explores the convict past in two of his masterpieces, viz., Jack Maggs (1997) and True History of the Kelly Gang (2000). Here, an attempt is made to study Jack Maggs which is published in 1997 in Britain and Australia; and in 1998 in the United States. Like Jean Rhys’s Wide Sargasso Sea (1966) which subverts Jane Eyre, Carey deliberately subverts Charles Dickens’s Great Expectations, the myth of imperialism, the realist Victorian Master Narratives and the thematic concerns by investigating into the colonial renditions. He addresses socio-historical, cultural, political and literary issues within the postcolonial context. He expounds the inner conflict of Maggs, his struggle against his deluded belongingness to England and his later unification with his incognito Australian roots. The representation of identity as fluid can be determined by the changing historical and social milieus. This paper probes into the gentle pronouncement of the novelist who, at last, frees Maggs from his past ridden consciousness to his present enlightenment.

251-252

Authors: Kum Kum Ray

Outflow of Emotions on the loss of a partner of 44 years.