Journal of Medical and Surgical Research

5

Authors: M. Allaoui, JJ. Michels

Aim: The purposes of this study is to identify the incidence of uterine adenosarcomas in Lower Normandy. In addition, we sought the clinical, morphological, and immunohistochemical features of this uncommon mixed mesenchymal tumors. Patients and methods: 13 cases of uterine adenosarcomas were retrieved the last 23 years from the charts of the François Baclesse Cancer Center and thanks to the data obtained from the cancer registries of the department of Manche and Calvados in Lower Normandy (France). All cases were reviewed by the authors. Results: 13 cases were observed beginning with the first case reported in our geographic area in 1989. Follow-up was available in 11 cases, only one young patient died, but from another non related previous carcinoma. All other patients are actually alive with no evidence of disease with a median follow-up of 10 years, only one patient with short follow-up shows a very ominous local evolution with a massive intraabdominal evolution in the context of an heterologous adenosarcoma with a rhabdomyosarcomatous component.

8

Authors: Y. Cherradi, R. Afifi, H. Benbrahim, W. Essamri, I. Benelbarhdadi, F. Z Ajana, M. Benazzouz, A. Essaid

Introduction: Hepatitis C is the first aetiologic agent for HCC in Morocco. Antiviral treatment reduces the risk of developing HCC in patients with chronic hepatitis C but few cases of HCC have been still reported. We aimed to define population with high risk of HCC occurrence, confirm the protective role of SVR and to identify predictive factors of developing HCC after SVR. We’ll try to present suggestions about screening strategies (indications and interval) after antiviral therapy according to level of HCC occurrence risk. Patients and Methods: We included all patients with chronic hepatitis C treated in our department from January 2002 to April 2010. We compare HCV-treated patients with no developed HCC to HCC population using khi-2 and Fisher Exact analysis. Results: 369 patients treated for hepatitis C were considered, and 20 HCC were reported. The risk of HCC occurrence was not significant according to gender and genotypes. Advanced age and severe fibrosis were significant risk factors. HCC was reported in 2.3% of sustained virological responders versus 12.5% of non responders. SVR is a significant protective factor. Conclusion: In our series, 5% of previously treated HCV carriers developed HCC and 2.3% of sustained virological responders developed. Achieving SVR after antiviral therapy is a protective factor. Advanced age (> 50 y. o), severe fibrosis (F>2) and lack of SVR at HCV diagnosis are predictive factors of HCC development in treated patients. Regular bi-annual ultrasonography screening should be indicated necessarily in patients with advanced fibrosis stage (F3- F4) even after SVR, particularly when co-morbid conditions are associated (advanced age, NASH, diabetes mellitus,…). Screening interval in sustained virological responders with reduced fibrosis stage may be reduced to annual surveillance. Establishing guidelines about consensual strategy to survey sustained virological responders is now necessary especially with high rates of SVR and the extension of treatment indications in era of DAA drugs.

1

Authors: Charles E. Schumer

Please accept my warmest greetings and sincerest congratulations as you gather at the United Nations for the Royal Academy of Science International Trust’s commemoration of the 1st Annual International Day of Women and Girls in Science. I am honored to have the opportunity to recognize the Royal Academy’s initiative, commitment and hard work that led the Permanent Mission of Malta to the UN to facilitate the negotiations that led to the adoption of the Day by the entire UN General Assembly. The Royal Academy’s leadership and staff have made this exciting, inspirational and eventful commemoration possible.

2

Authors: Haifa Shawwa

In almost every culture, ambitious women were once hindered by stereotypes regarding their priorities and were often compelled to make the hard choice between a serious career and their typical role of making a family. Julia Robert's "The Mona Lisa Smile" is a close embodiment of such a conflict, where girls were taught to focus on their debutante skills rather than academia. Accordingly, so many women were discouraged to take the path of education and career for the fear of losing their youth and «femininity" to study, research and career.............

2

Authors: O. Akbulut

We, scientists, are not immaculate against frustration and impatience that we frequently experience; but there is also a balmy, irreplaceable feeling that rises from stomach to face, once we hold our inventions in our hands or publish an important finding. Being a scientist entrails believing, most of the time in an irrational and romantic way, you can identify the most important global problems and you are a member of a clan that is going to solve these specific problems. That clan, the chamber of academia, especially in engineering and technology-related fields, remains in the domain of its male members who set the rules for the society of learned men. Asserting your place in this demanding community, with constant evaluation/self-evaluation, is hard. It is even harder if you are a woman —sometimes because of obvious physiological differences but more often because of less visible society-defined roles. Thankfully, the awareness towards the problem of gender-imbalance has increased in the recent past, and the academic world has made strides for the improvement of the situation of women by paying more attention to childcare, equal pay, and career development. But much remains to be done. Here, though, independent of the gender, I would like to ponder upon the expectations of academia from its prospective members and what academia might do to facilitate a better selection process....

4

Authors: Rola Dahlan

On December 22nd 2015, the 70th Session of the United Nations General Assembly adopted a groundbreaking resolution to establish an annual International Day of Women and Girls in Science. This resolution demonstrates the commitment of Member States to achieving gender equality for women in science which remains a major challenge. Inequality hinders the capacity of nations to unlock the full transformative contribution which women in science can make to our world. The dream was an idea that originated at the Inaugural World Women's Health and Development Forum in February of 2015. The idea of the Forum was developed and brought to fruition by Her Royal Highness, Princess Dr. Nisreen El Hashemite, Executive Director of the Royal Academy of Science International Trust (RASIT).....

4

Authors: Suad M. Sulaiman

The debate on the fact that there are very fewwomen (less than 10%) in the leading researchinstitutions was raised more than four decades ago. This has triggered several studies to document thecontribution of women to science and scientificdiscoveries. In 2010, the Royal Society of Londoncelebrated its 350th anniversary; but the historicabsence of women scientists from the seminars,exhibitions and publications was noted. Althoughthe Royal Society was founded in 1660, womenwere not permitted by statute to become fellowsuntil 285 years later, in 1945. An exception wasmade for Queen Victoria, who was made a royalfellow. This situation was not unique for theBritish; it was the same for other elite scienceacademies.....

5

Authors: J. Sawicki

...... “I’ve been a GP trainer for 20 years, and I hope that I’ve been a role model to some of them. Over the years, about seven of my female trainees have ended up working at the practice with me. So I certainly think I must have been doing something right. “I would very much say to a woman going into medicine today, you can do absolutely everything that a man can do. Some women do take time out to have babies that does not make you a second class citizen and it absolutely does not mean, by any means, that you can’t do everything that you want to do. You should, just maybe not do it all at once. It depends on the person.” .......

1

Authors: JE Bourkadi

Two epidemiological phenomena hinder TB control worldwide: the co-infection TB-HIV and the emergence of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Fortunately, in Morocco, the rates of MDR-TB (0.5%) and co-infection (1.7%) are low, but the indicators show an ascent in the last years. The increase of migration movements and immunodeficiency conditions (diabetes, biotherapy...) could further complicate this situation.

1

Authors: A. Hrora, A. M. Majbar

...Surgical exploration revealed proximal jejunal diverticulosis starting from the duodeno-jejunal junction (Image). The size of the diverticula ranged from 2 cm to 8 cm...

3

Authors: M. Allaoui, M. Capovilla, JJ. Michels

Aim: Study of the incidence of diffuse lipomatous infiltration of the thyroid gland. Patients and methods: 320 cases of thyroid pathology representing one year of activity of the pathology department, were reviewed by the authors. Results: We observed 2 cases of lipomatous infiltration of the thyroid gland, the princeps case showed mature adipose tissue scattered between the thyroid follicles, occupying approximately 40% of the thyroid gland, and only one other case upon review of the 320 thyroid glands registered in our pathology department this year, with about 5 to 10% of adipose tissue. We found randomly distributed adipocytes in subcapsular location in 59 cases (18.5%), with 24 cases (7.5 %) with more than 1% and 35 cases (11%) with less than 1% of adipocytes. We noticed also the presence of one adenolipoma.

3

Authors: C. BenYakhlef, M. Fourtassi, G. Hjiej, A. Hajjioui

Whether tuberculosis (TB) was already spread in Morocco before the French protectorate or was it brought by foreigners, is an interesting debate in the medical history of Morocco. It was common among practitioners who were first interested in the health situation of Moroccans. TB, and especially its pulmonary form, was rather rare in Morocco. In the 19th century, a medical doctor (Despine) who lived in Essaouira, declared the absence of TB in this Moroccan city, which was open for trade with Europeans very early in history

4

Authors: Z. Lakhal, F.Z. Benaich, N. Mouine, J. Kheyi, M. Raissouni, A. Benyass, E. Zbir

Tuberculosis is a disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Pulmonary localization is the most frequent. However, pericardial including extra- pulmonary disease, can cause fatal complications. A 37 years old man , without pathological history , who consults for emergency mid-thoracic pain associated with dyspnea, preceded by 10 days before a febrile syndrome with night sweats. Clinical examination showed patient in poor general condition, dyspneic and tachycardia. Cardiovascular examination showed spontaneous jugular veins and painful hepatomegaly, auscultation showed muted heart sounds without pericardial friction and breathless. Chest radiography showed cardiomegaly with symmetric edge straightness, electrocardiogram showed sinus tachycardia at 125bpm, microvoltage and electric alternating QRS complexes. A diffuse ST elevation ascending .Diagnosis of tamponade is suspected, transthoracic echocardiography showed abundance circumferential pericardial effusion measuring 40mm, with prolonged collapse of the right atrium and right ventricle , paradoxical septum , and significant changes in the flow inspiration. Pericardiocentesis ultrasound-guided has allowed a gradual evacuation of 2 liters of a cloudy yellow pericardial fluid, slightly viscous. Direct examination revealed the presence of 14 400 white cells, 99 % are neutrophils with gram-negative bacilli. Research bacillus by PCR and culture in the middle of LOWENSTEIN, later returned negative. Biologically, it is an important infectious syndrome. Taking into account the epidemiological profile of the country, diagnosis tuberculous primary infection tamponade was certain. quadruple anti- tuberculous treatment associated to corticosteroid therapy is instituted, The outcome was good, the patient was asymptomatic, with complete remission, echocardiography control finds no signs suggesting chronic constrictive pericarditis.

10

Authors: B. Alami, Y. A. Lamrani, T. Amraoui, M. Boubbou, M. Maaroufi

Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is a common worldwide infection and a medical and social problem causing high mortality and morbidity, especially in developing countries. In accordance with the virulence of the organism and the defenses of the host, tuberculosis can occur in the lungs and in extrapulmonary organs. A variety of sequelae and complications can occur in the pulmonary and extrapulmonary portions of the thorax in treated or untreated patients. In this article, we aimed to review the characteristic imaging findings of various sequelae of thoracic tuberculosis affecting the lung parenchyma, airways, vessels, mediastinum, pleura, and chest wall.