Stiinta Agricola

Number 2, 2019

3-9
Formation of yield and sowing qualities of winter wheat seeds under the influence of microfertilizers in the soil and climatic conditions of the forest-steppe of Western Ukraine

Authors: Ihor VOLOSCHUK, Olexandra VOLOSCHUK, Valentyna HLYVA, Andriy MARUKHNYAK

Abstract

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The present study investigated the effect of chelated forms of microfertilizers applied in the tillering-shooting phase on the background of mineral nutrition (N90P90K90) with the phased application of nitrogen in stages IV and VII of organogenesis on the seed productivity and the sowing qualities of seeds of the winter wheat variety Benefis. The studies were conducted according to the generally accepted methods. The processing and synthesis of research results were performed using Microsoft Excel. The obtained data were processed by the method of dispersive and correlation analysis. The experimental results confirm that the use of chelated forms of microfertilizers contributes to winter wheat seed productivity. Grain yield increases by 0.12 -0.34 t/ha, the yield of conditioned seeds – by 2-6%, seed yield increases by 0.20-0.71 t/ha, the coefficient of seed reproduction – by 0.8-2.9 units, the mass of 1000 seeds – by 0.3-1.8 g. The optimal level of plant nutrition at the expense of better assimilation of trace elements has a positive effect on the formation of sowing qualities of winter wheat, increasing the mass of 1000 seeds by 0.6-2.8 g, seed germination energy – by 1.8-6.3%, laboratory germination – by 0.8-3 0%. The highest efficiency was obtained with the application of the complex microfertilizers Orakul copper chelate (1-2 l/ha), Orakul biocobalt (0.15-0.20 l/ha) and Orakul multicomplex (1-2 l/ha).

10-15
The influence of mineral feeding elements to the output of bioethanol from sugar sorghum

Authors: Oxana MULYARCHUK, Ruslan MYALKOVSKY, Petro BEZVIKONNYI

Abstract

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The article provides the results of studies about the effect of basic fertilizer and foliar nutrition of sugar sorghum plants on energy and bioethanol yield in the conditions of the Forest-Steppe southwestern part of Ukraine. The assimilation surface area of sorghum leaves in the variant with the application of N60P60K60 and foliar nutrition in the phase of tillering by the Yarylo preparation at the rate of 3 l/ha increased from 39.6 to 49.1 thousand m2/ha compared to the control and the net productivity of photosynthesis increased by 3.29 g/m2 per day. The sugar content of sorghum stem juice in the stage of panicle formation and wax ripeness of grain in this variant increased by 1.7% – from 15.2 to 16.9%, and the sugar collection – from 5.16 to 8.68 t/ha compared to the control without fertilizer. A high yield of bioethanol was achieved when harvesting sugar sorghum in the wax ripeness phase – ranging from 2.26 to 2.28 t/ha. In the variant using mineral fertilizers (N60P60K60) in autumn and foliar feeding in spring in the tillering phase with the complex microfertilizers Yarylo (3 l/ha) the bioethanol yield was 1.51 t/ha (panicle earing stage) and 2.58 t/ha (wax maturity stage). Реферат. В статье приведены результаты исследований о влиянии основного удобрения и некорневой подкормки растений сорго сахарного на выход энергии и биоэтанола в условиях юго-западной части Лесостепи Украины. Площадь ассимиляционной поверхности листьев сорго на варианте внесения N60P60K60 и некорневой подкормки в фазе кущения препаратом Ярыло нормой 3 л/га по сравнению с контролем увеличивалась с 39,6 до 49,1 тыс. м2 /га; чистая продуктивность фотосинтеза увеличилась на 3,29 г/м2 в сутки. Содержание сахара в соке стеблей сорго в фазы формирования метёлки и восковой спелости зерна в этом варианте увеличилось на 1,7% − с 15,2 до 16,9%, а количество сахара − с 5,16 до 8,68 т/га по сравнению с контролем (без удобрений). Высокий выход биоэтанола был при сборе сорго сахарного в фазу восковой спелости – в пределах от 2,26 до 2,28 т/га. В варианте внесения с осени минеральных удобрений нормой N60P60K60, а весной – проведение внекорневой подкормки в фазу кущения комплексным микроудобрением Ярыло 3 л/га он составил в фазе выбрасывания метелки и восковой спелости соответственно 1,51 и 2,58 т / га.