Nanotechnology Research and Practice

73-79

Authors: Elena N. Gortynska, Maxim V. Pogorielov

Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone multifactorial disease characterized by increased bone fragility due to a decrease in bone mass and microarchitectural spongy and compact bone tissues. The major complications of osteoporosis are fractures of the hip bone and vertebral bodies, the treatment of which is accompanied by significant difficulties and possible complications in the postoperative period because of the poor bone quality. Particularly acute this problem is the use of bone grafts and prostheses – marked osteoporosis can significantly reduce the osseointegration of materials. To improve the biocompatibility of the implants a lot of techniques used in modern medicine sach as modification the geometry and topology of the implant surface and deposition on the surface of biologically active molecules. One of the most studied compounds, which are used to cover the implants and independently as osteoplastic material is hydroxyapatite. The purpose of our study was to investigate changes in the periimplant area of the distal epiphysis of femur after implantation of nanocomposite material based on chitosan and hydroxyapatite. Implantation of chitosan-apatite nanocomposite material into the distal femoral epiphysis with signs of osteoporosis leads to normalization of trabecular structure and mineral saturation in periimplant zone. Given the data, the apatite-chitosan composite can be considered as the applicant for the surface modification of bone implants.

96-116

Authors: Ignat Ignatov, Oleg Mosin, Hugo Niggli, Christos Drossinakis

This paper presents the results of evaluation of possible biophysical methods and approaches for registering various non-ionizing radiation (NIR) wave types of the human body in the electromagnetic range. Many types of NIR (electromagnetic waves, infrared radiation, thermo radiation, bioluminiscence) emitted from the human body were reviewed. In particular the results on of spontaneous biophoton emission and delayed luminescence from the human body are submitted along with infrared thermography (IRT) results. It was shown that 1 cm2 of skin generally emits 85 photons for 1 s. The intensity of biophoton emission ranges from 10−19 to 10−16 W/cm2 (approx. 1–1000 photons.cm-2.s-1). The specific photon emission from part of the human thumb was detected as a spectrum of various colours with the method of Colour coronal spectral analysis on a device with an electrode made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET hostaphan) with applied electric voltage 15 kV, electric impulse duration 10 s, and electric current frequency 15 kHz. It was established that photons corresponding to a red color emission of visible electromagnetic spectrum have energy at 1,82 еV. The orange color of visible electromagnetic spectrum has energy at 2,05 eV, yellow – 2,14 eV, blue-green (cyan) – 2,43 eV, blue – 2,64 eV, and violet – 3,03 eV. The reliable result measurement norm was at E ≥ 2,53 eV, while the spectral range of the emission was within  = 380–495 nm and  = 570–750 nm ± 5 nm. Also were estimated some important physical characteristics (energy of hydrogen bonds, wetting angle, surface tension) of water by the methods of non-equilibrium energy (NES) and differential non-equilibrium energy (DNES) spectrum of water, that helps understand in general how electromagnetic radiation interacts with water and establish the structural characteristics of water.