Atatürk University Journal of Agricultural Faculty (Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi)

119-125

Authors: Nur ERTEK [1] , Vedat DAĞDEMİR [2] , Atilla KESKİN [3]

In this study, prices of the mandarin producers and consumers and its marketing structure in Turkey were examined. Between 2003 and 2017, production, consumption, foreign trade, price fluctuations, and marketing of the mandarin product were analyzed. The yield of the product in the increased bearer and the production rate increases in Turkey. Based on the current and real prices, the mandarin marketing margins were calculated, while the chain indexes of both producers and consumers were obtained through the current prices. We then compare them with the annual inflation rate in the country. Supply and demand models of the mandarin product were estimated and interpreted statistically. As a result, the real price of diesel and the trend (time) were found to have an impact on the mandarin production amount, while the mandarin consumer real price, orange consumer real price, and national income were determined to be effective on the mandarin consumption amount.

140-144

Authors: Kevser KARAGÖZ [1] , Abdurrahman HANAY [2]

In this study, the effect of bat manure on the some macro element content, pH and cation exchange capacity (CEC) of soils was investigated in order to compare with the traditional method of livestockmanure. Both organic materials were applied at increasing doses of 0 (control); 5; 500; 1000; 1500; 2000 kg.da-1 and a wheat plant was used as the experiment plant. The study was carried out in the field of Soil and Water Resources of East Anatolia Agricultural Research Institute (Erzurum) between the years of 2011-2013 and the results were evaluated by LSD multiple comparison test according to the completely randomized block design. When the bat guano and livestock manure results of the study were compared to the control, the highest bat manure dose increased by content of the nitrogen (N) 32%, phosphorus (P) 407%, potassium (K) 61%, pH 3% and cation exchange capacity (CEC) 17% of the soil.

151-158

Authors: Sibel KADIOĞLU [1] , Mustafa TAN [2] , Banu KADIOĞLU [3] , Gökhan TAŞĞIN [4]

This research was planned to determine the performance of some forage pea (Pisum sativum ssp. arvense L.) genotypes in Erzurum conditions. The study was carried out in the Pasinler Research Station trial areas of the Eastern Anatolia Agricultural Research Institute in 2011, 2012 and 2013. Field experiments were conducted in randomized complete blocks design with 3 replications. According to the three-year averages; time for flowering was 55.0-62.8 days, time for physiological maturity was 91.6-102.0 days, plant height is 90.3-110.6 cm, green forage yield was 1587.8-2764.5 kg da-1 and seed yield was 145.6-322.0 kg da-1. The highest yield values were determined as 3156 kg da-1 for green forage yield and 283.3 kg da-1 for seed yield in the second year of the experiment and it was determined that there were significant differences between years and genotypes in terms of yield and agricultural characteristics. According to the correlation analysis between yield and yield components; a positive correlation was determined between green forage yield and the number of emergence days, plant height and number of branches, 1% pod number in the plant and 5% significance level, 1% between seed yield and thousand grain weight, 5% significance level in the number of pods. As a result, it is concluded that ecological properties affect yields and different genotypes have different yield potentials. It has been decided that H-13 and H-9 genotypes can be grown in the region without any problems in terms of green forage and seed yield. Among the varieties, because their seeds are easy find, Taskent, Tore, Urunlu and Ozkaynak varieties can be recommended for hay production and Kirazli variety for seed production.

168-175

Authors: Janko KOLAROV [1] , Saliha ÇORUH [2] , İrfan ÇORUH [3]

The objective of this study was to evaluate ichneumonid samples, collected from northeastern Anatolia (Erzurum: Pazaryolu-Kumaşkaya). Samples were collected during the summer period of 2015. Collected 14 species belong to Ichneumoninae, Ophioninae, Orthocentrinae and Pimplinae subfamilies. Cylloceria sylvestris (Gravenhorst, 1829) is new record for the Turkish fauna. Individual diversity, collecting locations, distribution data and short zoogeographical notes are given for each species.

183-189

Authors: Gökhan ARSLAN [1]

In this research; chemical and sensory changes of rainbow trout (O. mykiss) fillets added black cumin oil were examined during 9 days storage period. Chemical (pH, TVB-N and TBARS) and sensory (colour, odour, appearance and general acceptance) analyzes of samples were made in every three days period. According to the results of chemical analysis, TVB-N and TBARS values were lower in the samples with different concentrations of black cumin oil compared to the control group during the storage period. The pH range of all samples was 6.07 (day 0 group D) and 6.39 (day 3 group B). As a result of the sensory evaluations, at least control group (4.25 ± 0.03) samples were accepted by the panelists in terms of general acceptability, while D group (5.00 ± 0.00) samples were liked the most. Sensory analysis results are in line with chemical analysis results.

199-206

Authors: Baki AYDIN [1] , Süleyman AKHAN [2]

In this review, the distribution, biology, feeding, breeding potential and commercial importance of doctor fish (Garra rufa), which have increased in importance in recent years due to the intensive use of ichthyotherapy and fish SPA centers, have been emphasized. The doctor fish, which was first used in 1989 for ichthyotherapy purposes, is used in fish SPA centers for fish massage and pedicure purposes, which are of great interest all over the world today. Due to the increased interest and demand for doctor fish for the purpose of ichthyotherapy and fish massage in the health and tourism sector, cultivation of this species is very important in terms of ensuring the demand through aquaculture and preserving natural fish stocks. Although there are various studies on the distribution, biology and genetics of the doctor fish, it has been observed that there are not enough studies and resources about its breeding. The researches about the culture of doctor fish are very few and these studies are on its thermal tolerance range, the effect of feeding frequency on growth, hormone application and larval feeding. The demand for doctor fish is rapidly increasing in our country and in the world, and this increasing demand is met by import or from natural stocks. For this reason, it is essential that the breeding of doctor fish begins immediately in our country.

1-7

Authors: Nur ERTEK [1] , Okan DEMİR [2] , Atilla KESKİN [3]

In this study, the orange producer and consumer prices and marketing structure in Turkey were examined. Between 2003 and 2017, production, consumption, foreign trade, price fluctuations and marketing were emphasized. The yield with the increase in the number of bearer and the production rate was determined to be an increase in Turkey. According to the current and real prices, the orange margins are calculated and the producer and consumer chain indexes are calculated according to the current prices and compared with the annual inflation rates. Supply and demand models related to orange were estimated and interpreted statistically. As a result, it was determined that the real price of the fertilizer on the orange production quantity and the trend (time) on the orange production amount and the population on the orange consumption amount were effective.

21-31

Authors: Aysun ÇELİK ÇANGA [1]

Salt Lake, located in the Central Anatolia Region, is a prominent lake with its geological structure. The natural values of the salt lake; The source of salt, flora and fauna characteristics, natural landscape quality. Natural resources can be used irreversibly if used over self-renewal power. Determining the goals and strategies for the planning and management of the Tuz Gölü, whose natural structure is under threat and depreciated visually, is a priority issue. The purpose of this research is; Salt lake in Turkey, an important geological heritage area and thus to determine the recreational tourism facilities, tourism and recreation as how to use this field to contribute to topics that will be developed and managed. Research method; It is based on the analysis of the data obtained from the literature research and field study by SWOT method and its evaluation according to the purpose. SWOT analysis is the most important and first step in the creation of plan decisions. SWOT analysis is a method that can be used in many different areas and it has been used as a method in the field of recreational tourism planning. In this study; It is emphasized that the salt lake is an important natural landscape on the global scale with its flora and fauna and it is emphasized that the use of Tuz Gölü is protected. As a result, natural and sensitive landscaping character of this area were determined according to the creative activities and suggestions were developed accordingly.

44-52

Authors: Ömer ERTÜRK [1] , Atilla ŞİMŞEK [2]

Social wasps build their nests in nature by using various organic and inorganic materials. In this study, the total phenolic content, antioxidant potentials based on ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and DPPH radical scavenging activity, biochemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the ethanol extract of Vespa crabro germana Christ, 1791 nest were investigated. Antibacterial and antifungal activity was determined by disc diffusion method against 8 bacteria and 2 fungi species. The ethanol extract of the investigated nest sample showed maximum antimicrobial activities against Proteus vulgaris, Bacillus subtillis, Micrococcus luteus and Candida albicans. On the other hand, the minimum activities obtained against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Yersinia enterocolitica, Aspergillus niger and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Total phenolic content (TPC) of sample extract was analyzed using Folin–Ciocalteu assay and calculated as 0.56 mg gallic acid equivalent/g sample. FRAP value and DPPH radical scavenging activity of the extract value were determined as 1.94 mg trolox equivalent/g sample and 0.88 mg trolox equivalent/g sample, respectively. GC-MS analysis of the sample was according to solid phase microextraction (SPME) technique and 44 compounds were identified. The presence of these compounds with bioactive potential, add value to investigated sample extract with a pharmaceutical meaning as antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral agents and so on. In other words, the antioxidative and antimicrobial potantial of the nest sample could be attributed to presence of these compounds. For this reason, the materials used in the structure of the nests used for breeding by the social wasp are important for the biological activities.

63-68

Authors: Gazi GÖRÜR [1] , Özhan ŞENOL [2] , Hayal AKYILDIRIM BEĞEN [3] , Başak AKYÜREK [4]

Aphids are one of the economically and ecologically most important groups of insects due to their unique reproduction, ecological plasticity and life cycles. Aphid causes directly and indirectly crop loses in plant species by sucking plant phloem and transmitting about 60% of plant viruses. Aphid management applications lead to important economic cost each year that increases importance of early detection and accurate determination of aphid species. Turkey located at the junction of the important continents and passageway of the species. Richness of flora, having large agricultural landscape-diversity, consisting various types of climates, being a geographically diverse large country let Turkey to be attractive for aphid species. Turkey consists of about 12.000 plant species and about 31 % are endemic. Despite these particular features, only about 2% of Turkey aphid fauna, which consist around 570 species, originally recorded from Turkey. Studies about Turkey aphid fauna dated back to beginning of the 1990’s and during last two decades more studies have been conducted. It has been clearly shown that any detailed study carried out by aphid specialist team added non-ignorable number of aphid species to Turkey aphid fauna, recently completed each 3 detailed projects contributed about 10% new records. There are still large unexplored areas waiting for to be studied and also no sufficient database about how much aphid caused agricultural crop loose in Turkey. Recent prediction made by various research group clearly pointed out that current composition does not reflect the real situation of Turkey aphid fauna. Furthermore, recent climatic changes are going to influence both composition and agricultural damage level of the aphid species. There should be more research institutes and coordination between them to find out present composition and clearly emphasize agricultural importance of aphid species in Turkey.

79-87

Authors: Asif SARDAR [1] , Adiqa K. KIANI [2] , Yasemin KUSLU [3] , Abdulbaki BILGIC [4]

Climate change poses a severe threat to agricultural livelihood due to the increased intensity of environmental shocks and weather variability. Livelihood diversification plays an important role to cope with climate variability and diminishing food insecurity. This study investigates the main drivers of livelihood diversification such as crop production, livestock farming, and off-farm income diversification, particularly focusing on the part of climate-smart agriculture (CSA) strategy and its impact on farm households’ welfare. Data were collected from 420 farmers in 35 villages located in different agro-ecological zones (AEZs) of Punjab province, Pakistan. We used the Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) model to regress a system of equations consists of the crop, livestock, and off-farm income-generating livelihood activities. Estimation shows that crop, livestock and off-farm diversification on average have a positive and significant impact on welfare when farmers adopted it as an adaptation strategy to mitigate the impact of climate change and earned more 9.3 % income than nonadopted farmers. Moreover, positive and significant determinants of assets endowment such as human, physical, natural, social and financial capital confirmed that well-endowed farmers were enabled more to adopt livelihood diversification than other farmers. Based on the findings, we suggest the policy implications regarding the institutional interventions aimed at strengthening the most important livelihood diversification drivers, to support for improving the household strategic assets endowments.

97-108

Authors: Melek ZOR [1] , Memnune ŞENGÜL [2]

In this study, some physical and chemical properties, total phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of quince fruit and quince jam were searched. The total dry matter, soluble solid, ash and protein content of the fruit were 17,11%, 14%, 0,42% and 0,77% total sugar was 9,52%, total sugar ve sucrose levels were determined as 9,52% and 1,29%. In addition, the fruit contained 11,81 mg/100 g of vitamin C, the total phenolic content was found to be 15,69 μg GAE/mg. The β-carotene bleaching method was used to determine the antioxidant activity at 20%. Jam samples in glass jars and plastic case had been stored at 4±2 °C and 20±2 °C for 6 months were analyzed at 0 (start), 3rd and 6th mounths. Storage temperature was found to be statistically significant (P<0,01) on dry matter, water soluble dry matter, titratable acidity and L value. It was determined that the packaging type was very important (P<0,01) on water soluble dry matter, ash, protein, total sugar, reducing sugar and sucrose amount and it was found to be significantly (P<0,05) on total dry matter amount. When the samples are evaluated in terms of storage period; dry matter, water soluble dry matter, pH, titratable acidity, invert sugar levels, a and b values were found to be statistically significant (P<0,01).