European Reviews of Chemical Research

3-15

Authors: Olawale F. Akinyele, Emmanuel G. Fakola, Oluwatoba E. Oyeneyin, Omolara O. Adeboye, Ayowole O. Ayeni, Justinah S. Amoko, Temitope A. Ajayeoba

The continuous search for drugs that can combat COVID-19 virus is very important in a bid to save lives and address failing economies. Schiff bases and amide compounds derived from the fusion of primaquine (a 4-aminoqinoline antimalarial) and favipiravir are hereby reported because of suitable synthetic approaches and are investigated for their potential as drug candidates against the virus. The molecular docking results using iGEMDOCK and LeDock showed that the compounds had better interaction with the protease protein of the coronavirus (6LU7) as they displayed better scores than the standard drugs used in the study (chloroquine and favipiravir). The high binding affinity could be as a result of the fusion of both drug candidates. The docking results were analyzed using Discovery Studio and PyMOL. The druglikeness showed that they qualify as oral drug candidates, hence these compounds could serve as potential inhibitors of COVID-19, subject to further clinical and pre-clinical probes.

20-36

Authors: H.A. Shindy, M.A. El-Maghraby, F.M. Eissa

In the present study, the electronic absorption spectra of some biheterocyclic cyanine dyes having furan and pyrazole nucleus was recorded and investigated in a number of 6 (six) pure solvents having different polarities [water (78.54), D.M.F (36.70), ethanol (24.3), chloroform (4.806), CC14 (2.238) and dioxane (2.209)], mixed solvents [DMF-H2O] and/or in a series of 8 (eight) aqueous universal buffer solutions having varied pH values [1.65, 2.32, 4.62, 5.85, 6.41, 7.82, 9.61 and 11.63 units] to evaluate their solvatochromic and/or halochromic properties, respectively. The dyes were thought to be better solvatochromic dyes when they give strong positive and/or negative solvatochromism in pure solvents having different polarities. Consequently, the solvatochromic of the dyes decrease when they give weak positive and/or negative solvatochromism in pure solvents having different polarities. In addition, the dyes were thought to be better halochromic dyes when they give strong positive and/or negative halochromism in aqueous universal buffer solutions having varied pH values. Consequently, the halochromic of the dyes decrease when they give weak positive and/or negative halochromism in aqueous universal buffer solutions having varied pH values. The study covers two different types of cyanine dyes. It includes, bis dimethine cyanine dyes and di-tri mixed methine cyanine dyes.