European Reviews of Chemical Research

Number 4(2), 2017

36-40
Competence of Hyptis Suaveolens Leaf Extract on Treatment of Ecto-Parasites (Fleas) on Farm Animals (Goat)

Authors: M. Chindo, I.A.A. Ibrahim

Abstract

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Studies were carried out to examine the effectiveness of Hyptis suaveolens leaf extract and DO force against ectoparasites (fleas) on goats. Effect of Hyptis suaveolens leaf extract and DO force on certain parameters weight, packed cell volume (PCV) and repellence were studied on goats. A total number of 18 goats were examined for the presence of fleas by physical examination and were divided into three equal groups viz: Group A (infested control group) group B (treated with Hyptis suaveolens extract) group E (treated with the DO force). On day 14 of post treatment it was discovered that the PCV level and body weight of treated groups (B and C) increased significantly and relative infestation decreased, all the goats after dipping in DO force diluted water and Hyptis suaveolens spray remained healthy, no adverse effect on goats was observed. On the other hand the PCV and body weight of control group decreased on day 14 and the number of fleas per surface area of the body increased.

41-45
Evaluation of the Effects of Psidiumguajava Leave Extracts on Biochemical Indices of two Liver Enzymes and Some Haematological Parameters in Rabbits

Authors: I.A.A. Ibrahim, M. Chindo

Abstract

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The influence of Psidiumguajava leaf extract on the biochemical indices of the liver function and some haematological parameters in rabbits was assessed. The plant leaves were collected from the College of Agriculture, Bauchi garden and authenticated by two agronomist; S. Adamu and A. Bununu of the department of Agricultural Technology, college of Agriculture, Bauchi. The powdered leaves of P. guajava was extracted with ethanol and distilled water using maceration for 2 days. Phytochemical screening of the resulting ethanol and aqueous extracts was carried out using standard procedures. Eight rabbits were randomly grouped into four (4) groups T1, T2, T3 and T4. Rabbits in T1 (control) were administered orally with distilled water after acclimatization period. Groups T2, T3 and T4 received 200mg/kg of the ethanol leaf extract of P. guajava for a period of 40 days. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the ethanol extract revealed the presence of saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, terpenes and phenols which varies in the aqueous extract. The liver function test revealed that the serum ALT and AST were found to be within the normal range of 10-45U/L and 10-120U/L respectively. However, there is a significant increase in the red cells production and the hemoglobin concentration. The results of the study suggested that the ethanol extract of Psidiumguajavaleaves extract exhibit the hematopoietic potential and has no negative impact on the liver and may be hepatoprotective and hence, the findings may be of clinical importance considering the various reported medicinal values of the plant.

46-51
Chemical Characterisation of Scrap Brass for Jewellery Making

Authors: Ruth Joel, Enoch G. Wuritka, Aje Tokan, Atuman S. Joel

Abstract

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Number of views: 432

Determination of micro element of unmodified scrap brass samples gotten from various locations in Gombe metropolis through random sampling techniques was undertaken, to help in analysing the properties needed in selecting brass scrap for jewelry making. Quantitative experimental design was adapted to know the element composition of the brass scraps. Six samples of brass scraps were collected and atomic absorption spectrometer Model AA0904M046 was used to determine the content of each element found in the scraps in part per millions. All the samples collected were found to be brass due to the percentage composition of copper and zinc present in the alloys. All the six samples have different content which makes them differ from one another. The study shows that the suitability of brass scraps for jewelry making depend on its alloying element. Sample 1 (tap heads) and 2 (car parts) are suitable for jewelry making by increasing the amount of Copper content to balance the percentage content of Iron, while samples 3 (ornaments), 4 (trumpet), 5 (fuel pipes) and 6 (dishes) can be use directly alone without modification. Finally, this study can help local jewelry producer to select suitable scrap brasses for jewelry making thereby converting waste into wealth.

52-65
Synthesis and Studies on New Dimethine and Tetramethine Cyanine Dyes

Authors: H.A. Shindy, A.K. Khalafalla, M.M. Goma, A.H. Eed

Abstract

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Number of views: 426

New dimethine cyanine dyes and tetramethine cyanine dyes having the nucleus of furo[(3,2-d; ( , -d)-bis pyrazole] were prepared. The electronic visible absorption spectra of all the synthesized cyanine dyes were investigated in 95 % ethanol solution to evaluate their spectral sensitization properties. Solvatochromism for some selected dyes were examined in pure solvents having different polarities [Water (78.54), Dimethylformamide (36.70), Ethanol (24.3), Chloroform (4.806), Carbontetrachloride (2.238) and Dioxane (2.209)] to evaluate their solvatochromic properties. Halochromism (acid-base properties) of some chosen dyes were measured in aqueous universal buffer solutions having varied pH values (1.75, 2.45, 4.65, 5.80, 7.88, 8.75, 10.58 and 12.60 units) to evaluate their halochromic characterization. Structural determination were carried out through elemental analysis, visible spectra, mass spectrometer, IR and 1H NMR spectral data.