European Reviews of Chemical Research

3-12

Authors: Viktor N. Bekhterev, Svetlana N. Gavrilova, Eugenia G. Neskubina, Igor N. Shipanov

The results and experience of applying the new principle of extraction of target organic substances from water-containing matrices, extractive freezing-out, at the stage of preliminary preparation of biological objects for instrumental analysis in chemical-toxicological and forensic chemical studies are demonstrated. It is shown that the proposed method is much cheaper than the traditionally used methods of liquid extraction and sorption extraction. The technology allows the use of hydrophilic, water-soluble extractants without any chemical modification of the sample. It compares favorably with liquid and solid-phase extraction in that it makes it possible to extract organic compounds from highly contaminated, dispersed systems immediately without the additional manipulations necessary in this case. The developed methods for the determination of drugs and narcotic substances in combination with various types of chromatographic identification are selective, significantly reduce the background of extractive components and take less time due to the one-stage sample preparation procedure. This is beneficial in terms of improving the quality and reliability of expert research. A minimum amount of reagents and consumables is required, which meets the requirements of green chemistry. To date, the extractive freezing-out technique under the influence of a field of centrifugal forces has already been implemented as a laboratory device – a cryoextractor EFC. The introduction of extractive freezing-out into the practice of forensic chemical laboratories does not require special professional training of personnel.