European Journal of Management Issues

3-10

Authors: Gaponenko, S.

Modern trends in the development of the global telecommunication industry can be characterized as a movement toward globalization, creation of a unified information space, a single unified telecommunication system and standards of information sharing, implementation of new information technologies into important spheres of activity of the society, especially in the economy. Development of telecommunications is one of the factors ensuring the functioning and growth of the state’s economy, because the dynamics of modern world economic relations predetermined dramatic increase in the demand for telecommunication services. In its turn, the scientific and technological revolution contributed to the creation of new telecommunication technologies, which due to the multiplier effect generate new services and consequently form new markets. The aim of the research is to analyze and discover peculiarities of the telecommunications industry of Ukraine, based on statistical, scientific and theoretical data and taking into account the achievements of the world's leading analytical companies, to form trends and perspectives of its development through the use of innovative potential. The telecommunications market was studied and the conclusions made about the market of mobile operators "approaching” a maturity stage. At the current stage of development of mobile communication, additional services based on different technologies are actively developing. Thematic services are dynamically developing – reference and information and entertainment services for mobile communication, while themed services using SMS technology are also popular. The peculiarities of the development of Ukrainian mobile communications market were discovered: 1) lack of new companies and, accordingly, of any pressing incentive for intensive innovative development of the industry; 2) the need for the development of additional services is due to the saturation of the mobile market and the aggravation of price competition; 3) additional services can be named stimulating for the marketing activities of the companies–operators. The trends of the market development were formulated: telecommunication companies are forced to develop innovative policy and constantly bring new services to the market, the price of which, as evidenced by the results of the study, is quite high and does not always quickly pay off. It is expected that the rate of development of mobile Internet in Ukraine will significantly accelerate if the operators are able to provide services of the third–generation 3G (UMTS) standard in full using this resource. Ukrainian telecommunications market will continue to grow, albeit by small tempo, due to the popularity of mobile Internet services. But the true dynamics can be expected only after the implementation of efficient mechanisms of regulation that will reduce the impact of dominant operators on pricing and introduction of new services and technologies. Scientific novelty of this work consists in determining the status, major trends and directions of development of Ukrainian telecoms industry through efficient use of innovative potential. The results of the study can be used for the industry’s strategy development and identifying of promising areas of investment for the companies that work in the telecommunications market of Ukraine. Further research can be conducted with regard to the prospects for creation of a new market through larger use of additional services of the telecommunication market.

15-23

Authors: Hromtseva, D., & Krupskyi, O.

The issue of safety culture is one of the most important in a modern medical facility because any problems during the provision of services may lead to irreversible consequences. Not only the patient may suffer, but the doctor who assisted. Unfortunately, very little attention to this issue is paid in Ukraine. Based on this, we can say that the topic is relevant and requires studying. The purpose of writing this article is the analysis of the ways of forming professional safety culture in clinical medicine. The methods by which we carried out scientific research are observation, analysis, evaluation, comparison, generalization. The work examined interpretation of the term "safety culture", types of innovation in which it belongs and the main methods of its creation in the medical field. Safety culture in the medical field involves the right of all health care workers to use measures to prevent actions that can harm a patient or a colleague. Different approaches were considered in the interpretation of the term "safety culture" and we proposed our own: safety culture is a system of values, objectives, knowledge and skills, rules and procedures, convictions shared by representatives of a certain medical profession and supported by patients, creating a favourable working climate, atmosphere of trust and becoming an efficient tool for achieving the goals of the organization. The main components of the safety culture were defined: responsibilities of managers, communication, performance, resources of safety, trust, the degree of job satisfaction, etc. Based on several studies, it was found that no country has a perfect medical system. Every system should be improved. We proposed measures to fix the situation with the safety culture in health care facilities. The correct management of safety can eliminate or fix many medical errors. That is why the need for a clear program of implementation, execution and control of SC in the medical establishment is necessary. Scientific novelty of this work lies in the interpretation of the term "safety culture" at medical institutions and in determining major steps towards its creation. Practical value of the work is the opportunity to implement these steps in medical institutions for improvement of the safety culture and, therefore, to reduce the risk of bad accidents during treatment. Further research can address safety culture management in medical institutions on the examples from the experience of countries with effective systems of health care.

30-37

Authors: Yefimova, S., & Grynko, T.

The relevance of the study is due to the especially sharp of late issue of the competition in world markets, which requires strengthening of innovation component from the economy of any country, including Ukraine. Ukrainian enterprises with innovation activity are able to maintain high growth rate in the long term. The main component in the effectiveness and efficiency of carrying out innovative processes at an enterprise is its innovation potential, including professional staff that is quite difficult to estimate given the rapid changes of the fulfilled tasks. The purpose of writing this article is the analysis of existing approaches to the evaluation of the innovative potential of enterprises and their improvement taking into account the peculiarities of service enterprises, the formulation of the task of innovation management and the main directions of development of innovation potential of an enterprise. We applied system approach, methods of analysis and synthesis and the method of modeling when carrying out research. The task of innovation management of an enterprise was formulated. A methodological approach to the evaluation of the innovation potential of enterprises in the sphere of services is attached. This approach will allow the heads of the enterprises in the sphere of services to monitor creativity and collective intelligence of the employees, to assess an enterprise on innovation and make timely decisions to eliminate the deficiencies. It was stressed that special measurements, quantitative evaluation of the intellectual, professional, educational, and other qualitative characteristics of the potential of employees is quite a difficult task, to perform which the expert methods are used based on interviews, surveys of executives, business owners and prominent managers. The main directions of stimulating the development of the innovation potential of an enterprise were formulated. A conclusion was made that under current conditions, in the absence of perfect methods of evaluation of innovation potential of the services industry, review and comprehensive application of different methods proposed in economic literature will allow obtaining more reliable information for justified management decision–making regarding the management of the innovation potential of an enterprise, introducing relevant changes into the components of the innovation potential to ensure its adequacy to the set innovation goals and increasing a general level of competitiveness in the given industry and in the global market as a whole. The scientific novelty of the research lies in improving the methodological approach to the evaluation of the innovation potential of an enterprise on the basis of the complex of main indicators specific to services and consideration, during the evaluation of personnel, of the innovation potential of an enterprise. The proposed approach allows analyzing the level of innovation potential of enterprises in the different spheres of activity: production, services, state government, commercial and others, where the innovation potential acts not only as a set of available and adequately allocated resources, but also as approved management decision or immaterial object. Since under modern conditions we tackle dynamic market of goods and services and the businesses need to respond quickly to these variable factors of influence, further studies might be directed to determining the capacity and speed of the enterprises to respond to these changes, in particular the ability of the staff to work efficiently and to realize the innovation potential under these conditions.

45-60

Authors: Ilnitsky, D.

The role of higher education institutions in the world is growing in ensuring socio-economic development that is the result of the transition to the paradigm of knowledge economy in the most developed countries. Started in 2014, the reform of higher education system in Ukraine must, among other things, include ensuring the implementation of national intellectual capital through technologies transfer. The relevance of the article is predetermined by the need for a comprehensive approach to the preparation of plans for reforms in the period of global competition for knowledge as the main resource for development. The purpose of writing the article is substantiation of the recommendations on the most urgent aspects of the development of technology transfer in Ukraine on the basis of generalization of foreign experience and the analysis of domestic realities. To achieve the objective we identified the following tasks: to generalize theoretical principles of TT; to identify the world leaders of the TT and their peculiarities; to explore the characteristics of the development of TT in developing countries; to study the current status of TT in Ukraine. The article substantiates that the establishment of the developed innovative economy in which the activity of the TT is an important factor, as a rule, takes a long time. Results of the study showed that the lack of efficient activity of TT is often due to the fact that this activity is viewed separately from the more complex issue of knowledge management in all forms, in particular as a mandatory stage of R & D. The lack of implementation of the competence–based model in domestic Universities, research centers, businesses and state and local governments leads to the fact that the activities of TT do not have any mentioning of entrepreneurial, marketing competences. Their lack, in turn, causes low efficiency of TT activities. In the developed countries, the growth of the commercial activity of the Universities and research centers came as a result of evolutionary demands of society regarding the efficiency of investments in science and education. In the developing countries, such as Ukraine, the desire of commercial aspect in the development of the commercial aspect of TT is considered in terms of the impossibility of providing sufficient and stable funding, lack of financial mechanisms of accumulation of the results of successful TT. Under such circumstances, the really concerned are exclusively the employees of Universities and research centers themselves, the interests of whom are detached from other stakeholders’ intentions, the unity of whom is substantiated in the triple helix concept. The effectiveness of efforts with regard to TT is limited by the lack of opportunities of accumulation of financial results from the commercialization of OÌV in domestic Universities. Received financial results often are allocated on current activities because of insufficient, falling financing from traditional sources. The means of the state budget must remain the main traditional source, but in this case engaging other sources must be supported. The negative dynamics of spending state funds on research and educational activities is predetermined by various factors, among which is insufficient disclosure of the recipients from the state funds of the reports about the results and the analysis of the efficiency of their spending. Lack of publicity, lack of transparency may testify to the privatization of the results of the activities by individual subjects or to a significant corruption component in their activities. At the same time, lack of publicity can indicate a low level of public accountability of the results and inability to take responsibility for certain risks. The lack of information about created effects, including multiplying, from the implementation of OÌV and technologies provides prerequisites for the relative "victories" in the competition for budget funds in other areas. Introduction of the competence–based model, in particular entrepreneurial and marketing competencies, into the activities of TT of national institutions should improve their efficiency in the medium term to the level of the developed countries. Taking into account the obtained findings during the development of the reform of the system of education and science will increase their level of international competitiveness and the level of efficiency of investments in this field, which will have comprehensive positive impact on national prosperity. Scientific novelty of the work is proven by: substantiating of the implementation of long–term strategies to increase competitiveness of universities and research centers as key institutions in the generation and transfer of knowledge; detecting the insufficiency of entrepreneurial, marketing and other competences in the development policy of the University offices of technology transfer; substantiation of the necessity of implementation of societal requirements concerning accountability of universities and research centers for disclosure of the efficiency of spending tax payers’ money and their contribution to socio-economic development of the regions and the country. There remains a wide range of issues, the study of which my reflected in further work. In particular, we believe relevant: 1) justification of a scorecard measuring all aspects of TT; 2) study of the formation of professional networks in the field of TT; 3) substantiation of the system of motivation and efficiency of cooperation of all involved players; 4) methodological work with the patent policies of the universities and their convergence with scientific and research institutions; 5) building a culture of public accountability of institutions of scientific and educational spheres as recipients of the taxpayers' funds.

70-79

Authors: Klymova, T.

Innovation component is the basis of modern business development, regardless of which field this business belongs in, who owns it and which structure its capital has. The challenges of modern society force to step up efforts of the developing countries in the direction of development of innovation infrastructure, which would allow taking a quantum leap in the development of industry and economy. These challenges predetermined the relevance of the chosen research. Formation and development of innovation policy in the economies of the developing countries is the actual task of recent studies of many authors. Identification of general trends in the development of leading countries will make it possible to work out a common strategy for the developing countries, in their further development of innovation policy. The purpose of writing this article was to perform the analysis of formation of innovation policy in the leading countries of the world, such as the United States of America and Japan to identify the peculiarities of these countries, common features and differences. During the research we applied methods of comparison, generalization, abstraction, analysis, elements of system analysis, algorithms and simulation. As a result of the survey we revealed peculiarities of formation and development of innovation policy of the United States and Japan with the following conclusions made: 1. The development of innovation policy of a state grows when coordination and key financing is provided by the state and by local governments, too. 2. The largest effect in the development of innovation activity for the countries with transition economies can be observed by choosing "selective" directions of development. 3. Creation of regional technological parks takes place with regard to historically established regional opportunities and directions. 4. Approval of the legislative base in the country, which must fully support (at all levels) innovation entrepreneurship. 5. Formation of a system of private (venture capital) funds, regulated by state programs in priority areas. At the present stage of development of the world economy, only innovation policy creates a vector of the development of a state. This is confirmed by the experience of such leading countries as the United States of America and Japan. As the result of generalization of the experience of formation of the innovation policy of these countries, we identified the main trends of development that can be applied in other developing countries, taking into account their national characteristics. All of the identified factors positively affect the increase of progressive indicators of the economy, well–being of society and the activity of integration at the international level. The novelty of the work lies in the fact that for the first time we analyzed formation of innovation policy in the USA and Japan to identify common peculiarities and differences in the development of innovation policy, as well as we attempted to obtain the scheme of creation of the basic structure that allows developing and implementing innovation. The obtained results can be applied to further systematization of information on the development of innovation policy for the formulation of a universal model.

85-93

Authors: Negrych, O.

At the present stage of globalization, extremely important is the problem of attracting foreign investments. In the world in general and in Ukraine in particular, competition intensifies due to the growing demand of national economies in investment resources, and the issue is more acute of forming efficient mechanism for attracting foreign investments. Despite numerous studies of famous scientists, the problem of motivation of investment activity is still not fully explored. Not enough studied but worth attention is the issue of assessment of the risk caused by specific motivation of foreign investors for the national economy, and the development of recommendations for improving the management of investment activity in order to avoid or reduce possible negative effect of foreign investments. The purpose of writing this article is the assessment of risk caused by specific motivations of foreign investors for the state, and the development of recommendations for their avoidance or reduction by the analysis and systematization of the main motivations of foreign investors and the forms of realization of investment projects. The article analyzes the main motives and demotivators in the implementation of foreign investments while they are organized by main classification features. In the result of the analysis of existing approaches to the classification of forms and valid legislation, the author singled out and grouped the main forms of realization of investment projects. Based on the analysis of the classifications of the motivations and forms of realization of investment projects, we assessed the risks for the state, caused by specific motivations of foreign investors, and formed recommendations on their avoidance or reduction. The scientific novelty of the work consists in establishing interrelation between specific motives of foreign investors and the forms of implementation of their investment projects. Not a less important element of scientific novelty is a risk assessment for the state of the inflow of foreign capital caused by specific motivations of investors. Practical results of the work consist in forming recommendations on improving management of investment activities, taking into account of which will help to avoid or reduce possible negative consequences of the influx of foreign capital. A promising direction for further research into the topic of this work can be considered the improvement in the mechanism of management of investment activities at the state and regional levels.

100-107

Authors: Steblianko, I.

According to the Land Code of Ukraine, the land is the main national wealth, which is under special protection of the State. As a result of the land reforms in Ukraine, the private ownership of land is renewed, restrictions on granting the land plots to citizens are removed, but the rational highly–efficient land use and agriculture growth in the trajectory of sustainable development is not provided. One should also point to the lack of a comprehensive approach to determine the place of the land reform in the system of transformation of the national economy. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the principles of the land reform and determine its dialectic link to other reforms of the national economy. To achieve this goal we applied system approach, general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis. The information basis of the research is the legal regulating data of Ukraine and the reporting data of the State Service of Ukraine for Geodesy, Cartography and Cadastre. The main scientific result of the paper is substantiation of principles of land reform and determining of its dialectic link to other reforms of the national economy, namely, decentralization of management of the national economy; environmental reform, reform of agriculture and forestry. The following principles and guidelines must underlie the land reform in accordance with a system approach: inventory and delimitation of agricultural lands, conducting their financial evaluation and regular re–evaluation, creation of a civilized land market and the right of rental of land plots for agricultural purposes on a competitive basis, stimulation of medium–term and long–term lease relations, decentralization and eco–friendliness of land relations, etc. The scientific novelty of the work is defining the principles of land reform in Ukraine, which includes identification of its dialectic unity with other reforms in the national economy. Practical significance of the results of this work consists in identifying specific measures for reforming land relations with regard to causal relationships of economic reforms in Ukraine. The prospect of further research on the topic of the work is the development of proposals to improve the taxation of land relations.