Društvene i humanističke studije DHS (Social Sciences and Humanities Studies)

14

Authors: Snežana Gudurić

The paper deals with the relationship between phonetics and phonology using examples from the vowel systems of four Roman languages – French, Spanish, Italian, and Romanian. Starting from the principles of the Prague Linguistic Cicrle and N. Trubetzkoy’s Phonology Theory, which built his theory of phonetics as a discipline studying the material of physical aspects of minimal linguistic units as speech elements and using the methodology of natural sciences, and of phonology as a discipline concerned with the distributive properties of a limited number of minimal linguistic units i.e. phonemes, elements belonging to language and which applies methodologies specific to linguistics, sociology and psychology in its research. A comparative analysis of the vowel systems of the four Roman languages revealed different approaches in classifying identical or very similar vocal realizations, but also similarities in their nature. The research showed that complex systems tend to be less stable and tend to reduce, while simpler ones are more stable. Certain allophonic realizations in one or more languages appear as full-fledged phonemes in the system of another language, whereas some other realizations, present in spontaneous speech but not in the phonological system of a specific language, emerge as phonemic units in another language.

14

Authors: Martina Musa, Ivana Jovanović, Renata Šimunović

Education is a basic human category and need. Man is born without any knowledge and experience, and in the process of upbringing and education, he needs to realize himself as an autonomous being. Therefore, it is the task of participants and creators of educational policies to provide methods to achieve this goal. Also, it is necessary to provide a competent teacher who will be able to ensure the fulfillment of educational intentions. Education is dealt with by philosophy and pedagogy. Pedagogy deals with specific issues related to education, and philosophy, within the framework of the philosophy of education, deals with phenomena related to education and educational practice, approaching holistically. In this paper, we will present certain educational attitudes from antiquity, the pragmatist theory of J. Dewey, and indicate which competencies a teacher should possess in modern teaching.

16

Authors: Ana Lalić

In this paper, we research the importance of corpora in historical pragmatics. From the origins of historical pragmatics as a science the question of choosing an appropriate corpus has been in the center of attention. The problematics of historical pragmatics demand a corpus that reflects faithfully the spoken language. However, such registered sources do not exist. Thus, researchers face problems when choosing corpora that have to be written but also reflect speech. That is why we synthesize a review of often-used corpora and we present their advantages and disadvantages. We apply the theory of Giovanni Nencioni (1976) that differs between the spoken language in the true meaning of the word (parlato parlato), written spoken language (parlato scritto), and recited spoken language (parlato recitato). Based on his research, we can claim that some of the privileged forms in historical pragmatics are literary works, theater pieces, religious scriptures, and speech transcripts. Thus, we examine the advantages and disadvantages of the aforementioned corpora and we aim to determine if they are suitable to be used in historical pragmatics. The research shows that it is impossible to find a completely adequate corpus because none of them reflect the spoken language in all of its characteristics and they approach it only partially.

16

Authors: Marija Nešić, Milena Kaličanin

Katabasis represents a narrative trope which refers to the hero’s journey into the underworld, a descent into the realm of the dead, and whose presence can be found across the world, from ancient mythologies to contemporary literature. The aim of this paper is to point to the possibility of reading Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale as a katabatic narrative, more precisely as a variation of the archetypal hero’s journey into the underworld, where, instead of the land of the past, the descent is directed towards a dystopian future and where, instead of a mythical superhero, the protagonist is a modern-day heroine. Having already tackled the subject of Western capitalism governed by patriarchal power relations, its obsession with controlling nature, especially the process of reproduction, and the ensuing feminist descent from it, in The Handmaid’s Tale Atwood adjusts and adapts the dynamic topos of the katabasis so as to suit the contemporary reality and modern traumas. She presents a female narrator, a superheroine, trapped within the boundaries of a claustrophobic world, where women live subjugated and segregated by the oppressive male regime. Following the generic features of the term katabasis, the paper analyses the katabatic experience of Offred in the Republic of Gilead, a topos of Hell in not such a distant future, where the past has been erased and the citizens, especially the female ones, have been denied any right to identity and individuality. As there are numerous instances of carnivalesque elements, it is possible to approach the community of Gilead from the perspective of the carnivalization of the katabasis, both in the way it was defined by Mikhail Bakhtin and in a modern rendition explained by Linda Hutcheon, i.e. both a positive and an ironizing version of the concept.

18

Authors: Fahrudin Kujundžić

This paper presents the scientific and academic work of Muhamed Dželilović, professor at the Department of Comparative Literature and Information Sciences, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Sarajevo. There is a special focus on two of Dželilović's books, Slaveni o Danteu and Kalhasovo proročanstvo, which claimed to establish the framework for all Dželilović's other scientific and academic work. Dželilović's approach to literature implies a complex dialogue with the greatest writers of the world's cultural tradition. At the same time, the most important domestic authors also find their place in that wider context.

18

Authors: Marijana Erstić

The problem of the diva/the divo within Italian cinematography has – just like that of the star – already been examined several times. But the appearance of the minute stars within the media culture of the past 20 years throws a completely new light on the problem of the divine – not only in Italy. Does this phenomenon come close to that of the amateur actor in Italian neorealism, the innovation that should ensure authenticity within the films? This question will be explored in the essay. It was Luchino Visconti (1906–1976) who made the film La terra trema (1947/48) exclusively with amateur actors, and then questioned the neo-realist filmmakers’ approach with the film Bellissima (1951). Visconti settled with the star industry in 1967 in his film La strega brucciata viva. The question of amateur actors, divas, stars is discussed based on the two films and the theories of Gilles Deleuze (‘crystal imageʻ) and Ernst H. Kantorowicz (‘the king’s two bodysʻ).

18

Authors: Ajdina Župić, Hana Hodžić, Merjem Sušić

The main goal of this paper is to point out the concept of creativity in teaching, specifically creativity in the teaching of Nature and Society. Nature and society, as a subject, provide many opportunities to express the creativity that we carry within us through the role of a teacher, as well as to teach students how to be creative. The paper highlights examples of different teaching units that indicate ways to encourage creativity in students and awaken their imagination. Through teaching, through tasks that the teacher creatively devises, we encourage students to think creatively and act, in addition to acquiring knowledge more permanently and functionally. Possibilities of creating Nature and Society lessons through creative examples and experiments, as well as evaluating and measuring creativity, were presented. The work results indicated that creative teachers create their fruits, which are called creative students, that they are causally connected, and that creativity is a synonym for an expert and professional teacher.

20

Authors: Indira Šabić

The article studies oikonyms of Bosnia and Herzegovina, formed from zoomorphic motifs. The relationship between the oikonym and the zoonym is discussed. How animal terms perform the function of place names has been demonstrated with examples. In the main part of the paper, the author presented the semantic types of zooikonyms. The approach includes the formation and etymology information. Accordingly, the largest number of zooikonyms are of Slavic origin while only one is Greek, which only underlines the theses of the Slavic naming continuum in terms of place naming. It is concluded that the study of zooikonyms is important for determining the region's fauna and the relationship between man and nature.

20

Authors: Anela Mulahmetović Ibrišimović

This paper explores metonymic uses of the body part “hand” in the English language and „ruka” and „šaka” in the Bosnian language. The paper aims to establish similarities and differences between the languages in terms of conceptual metonymies exploiting these body parts. The paper also tries to determine to what extent conceptual metonymy interacts with or exploits other processes of cognitive thinking, namely chained metonymies and metaphors. The methodological framework of corpus analysis is by the taxonomies of metonymy types developed by Radden and Kövecses (1999) and Kövecses (2002) and patterns of conceptual interaction (Diez Velasco 2000, 2002). The study will show that body-part metonymies can form chained metonymies and that they often serve as a basis for metaphorical mapping.

20

Authors: Mirza Sarajkić

This paper focuses on the notions and images of the Arab Spring in the novel The Republic of False Truths by the contemporary Egyptian writer Ala'a al-Aswani. The paper primarily analyzes the main and secondary characters, as well as the heroes and anti-heroes of the revolution, who are grouped into narrative types, and then structured further into representatives of contemporary collectivities of power. The paper also considers the perspectives of the Arab Spring, the consequences of this uprising on Egyptian society, as well as the phenomena of the overemphasized openness of certain concepts, and the destabilizing significance of the absence in the novel.

20

Authors: Asim Delibašić

This paper analyzes the theory of Islam as a religion that could have formed a rationalistic civilization, based on scientific progress, individualism and democracy. One of the representative studies on this topic is the work of Mustafa Akyol Reopening of Muslim Minds, in which the author uses the method of counterfactual analysis, posing the fundamental question: what would Islamic civilization look like if in the Sunni majority had not prevailed Ash’ari theology, but rationalistic, Mu’tazili theology? Although it could be said that the author of this study does not err when he concludes that Ash’ari occasionalism stopped the development of science in Islam, he nevertheless errs when he claims that the doctrines of voluntarism, predestination, and uncreatedness of the Qur’an, were generators of injustice in Islamic society. In this paper we tried to analyze the metaphysical foundations of these doctrines, re-examine the validity of the hypothesis about their harmfulness, and re-examine whether the observed harmful effects come from Islamic tradition or from the more recent attempts of modernization of Islam.

20

Authors: Danina Salihagić, Đenita Tuce

Emotional manipulation in romantic relationships is a subtle form of controlling a partner through emotional pressure, inducing feelings of guilt, blackmail, ignoring, passive-aggressive behaviors, and other manipulative tactics. However, it is often invisible, elusive, and difficult to prove, which additionally makes this form of abuse highly dangerous. Emotional manipulation can have serious consequences on an individual's mental health, including increased levels of stress, anxiety, and depression. It can also lead to reduced self-confidence, feelings of helplessness, and a loss of control over one's own life. To raise awareness about the harmful effects of emotional manipulation, both for the quality of the romantic relationship, and for the mental health of the individual, this paper presents scientifically-based information on this construct, and describes some of the most common tactics of emotional manipulation, which are used in romantic relationships. Through scientific and professional discussions and education, society can become better informed about emotional manipulation, and create an environment in which victims feel safe to express their issues and seek help.

20

Authors: Borislav Vukojević, Miloš Španović

In the dynamic realm of online gaming, sustaining player engagement and immersion within a virtual environment is paramount for both the player community and game developers. World of Warcraft (WoW), a prominent massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG), has experienced considerable evolution since its inception in 2004. As gaming technologies advance and player expectations shift, a variety of media platforms, such as forums, social networks, and streaming services, have surfaced, playing a pivotal role in augmenting the WoW gaming experience. This study delves into the impact of different versions of WoW on the players' content experience, focusing on how these media platforms influence player engagement, communication strategies, and problem-solving approaches. Employing qualitative research methods, particularly in-depth interviews, this paper weaves a comprehensive narrative that sheds light on the intersection of technological evolution and gaming experiences. Our findings indicate that the specific version of WoW plays a critical role in shaping player interactions and problem-solving methods. The Classic WoW iteration fosters a sense of community and interaction, necessitating collaboration and the use of external resources. In contrast, Modern WoW has streamlined gameplay mechanics, thereby reducing the emphasis on collaborative efforts and the role of community within the game. This research underscores the fluid nature of social dynamics within the game, evolving in response to the changing preferences and expectations of the player base.

20

Authors: Jelena Pavičić Vukičević, Ana Marija Dunaj, Irena Cajner Mraović

The aim of this paper is to examine how citizens of the City of Zagreb perceive urban security measures, such as cameras, video surveillance, applications for reporting problems to city services and the police, and how they perceive informing citizens about possible self-protective behaviour and security on the official website of the City of Zagreb and about actions to be taken in crisis situations. The research was conducted on a sample of 3,400 adult citizens of the City of Zagreb, and the sample was segmented according to the 17 city districts, with 200 respondents in each. Respondents filled out, in person and online, a questionnaire consisting of nine sections that examined the perception and feeling of (in)security in the City of Zagreb, satisfaction with the quality of life in the city and the district, and a feeling of accountability and willingness to actively participate in creating a feeling of security and raising the quality of life of citizens in the City of Zagreb. The analysis of the obtained results related to the security of citizens indicates that the respondents consider all measures of urban security of citizens important, and additional analyses have indicated that women, compared to men, assess the importance of measures as higher. The tendency of younger respondents to highlight applications as important urban security measures has also been noted. In addition, people with a lower level of trust in other people are more likely to attach greater importance to urban security measures.

22

Authors: Nermina Čengić

A simile is a semantic-stylistic figure, very common in literary texts and authors tend to use it to give their text a new, broader, figurative meaning. In the category of simile, there exist simile phrases, that is, a special type of phraseological unit intended to create a more powerful artistic impression. Given the high frequency of use of these lexical elements in Ivo Andrić's literary works, to conclude their structure and use in Bosnian, we will analyze several phraseological units that contain similes, all taken from Andrić's novel Devil’s Yard. We consider it interesting to observe these lexical units contrastively, so in the Italian translation of Devil’s Yard (La Corte del Diavolo) done by Lionello Costantini, we will identify the Italian equivalents of original simile phrases and analyze their characteristics. With this contrastive analysis, we aim to offer an overview of the basic features of special lexical constructions which contain similes, and to make generalizations about the similarities and differences in their structure, meaning and use in the two language systems. The results of this study will also allow us to comment on the intensity of the author's creativity and the skill of the translator to recognize the semantic and stylistic value of these phraseological units and transfer them into the Italian language.

24

Authors: Lejla Žujo-Marić

Zlatko Topčić has built the identity of a novelist who openly tackles new techniques and literary procedures in the wake of postmodern ways of writing. This is supported by the novels created during and after the last war in Bosnia and Herzegovina, where the shadows and traumas of the war are deep in the elements of the text, and the characters are caught in its whirlwind in different ways, prisoners of traumatic conditions even in the time when the storm of events subsides, but remains a long sediment of painful experiences. This text aims to show how a great historical event - the Sarajevo assassination - is artistically transposed in the novel 6/28/1914 (novel, revision), and how the fate of Bosnia and Herzegovina during the war in the period 1992-1995 can be traced through its outlines. With a collection of characters, historical and fictional, narrative organization of space and time, intertextuality, and an ironic relationship with metanarratives, Topčić creates a text as a product of personal stories from which a novelistic mosaic of historical events is created.

26

Authors: Edina Spahić, Ajla Demiragić

Any interlingual translation that transposes a literary text from the original to the target language almost always conveys particular knowledge and life experiences from the culture in which the text was originally created. In this paper, the translation of the novel When I Was a Hodja by Damir Ovčina into Spanish is analyzed, focusing on culturally marked elements. The manner in which the cultural themes of the original text were transferred to the target culture is observed. It is emphasized that, when it comes to translations of literary narratives in which depictions of wars are exhibited, the translator’s task becomes all the more important because he/she contributes to the production of new knowledge and new ideas about wars through his/her translation, and, therefore, special attention must be given to the translation of cultures in such texts.

28

Authors: Faris Hasanović

The subject of this paper is the analysis of the application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide of 1951 before the International Court of Justice in The Hague, in the case of Bosnia and Herzegovina v. Serbia and Montenegro, for violating the provisions of this Convention. This Court shall, by Article IX of the Convention, have jurisdiction in disputes between contracting states, concerning the interpretation, application and enforcement of the Convention, including those relating to the responsibility of a state for the crime of genocide or any other offense established in Article III of the Convention. Article I of the Convention stipulates that states are obliged to prevent genocide and punish the perpetrator. Furthermore, the responsibility of states under Article IX of the Convention relates only to the state’s failure to prevent the commission of genocide and other acts under Article III of the Convention and to punish the perpetrators. An analysis of the text of the Convention and the content of the claim of Bosnia and Herzegovina of 24 April 2006, shows that the claim of Bosnia and Herzegovina falls outside the scope of Article IX of the Convention, which is especially problematized in this paper by the author.