Društvene i humanističke studije DHS (Social Sciences and Humanities Studies)

10

Authors: Muhidin Džanko

The paper aims to establish the idea of Bosnian textology on the basis of the comparative-textological analysis of different editions of Mak Dizdar's Stone Sleeper and Old Bosnian Texts. Different fates and receptions of the two books have been analyzed from the perspective of the Bosnian-Herzegovinian culture and literature in the 20th century, with an emphasis on the crossroads as one of its key topographical figures. The origin of this feature was ascribed to Midhat Begic, even though Mak Dizdar had used it long before him with the same exact meaning that would be dominantly exploited in the future. The paper then problematizes different editions of Stone Sleeper and questions the closing word of textological attempts that aspire to be characterized as authentic and definitive.

12

Authors: Jelena Krulj, Emilija Marković, Ivana Simijonović

The teacher`s profession represents one of the most important and the most human professions. With their work, teachers influence on lives and development of their students importantly, and if affinities, abilities, and personalities of students will be developed in their full capacity depending on the teacher in a significant way. Through their personality, their knowledge, motivation, their competencies teachers influence the effectiveness of the whole educational process. On the other side, the success of an adult and its contribution to the development of any society depends on such effectiveness. Teachers` competencies development depends on their talent, wish, and readiness for permanent professional learning. The tempo of the technologies’ development today will require more and more adoption of changes which will, consequently, come in the educational process. So, this article aims to direct the analysis of the role of teachers` competencies and their professional development.

14

Authors: Branka Kovačević

The results of the analyses show that in addition to the differences that exist between different disciplines, there is generally a trend of an increase in the number of researches conducted as a team and a decrease in the number of individually conducted research. Therefore, the paper aimed to look at the possibilities, assumptions, and challenges of achieving an interdisciplinary approach to basic, developmental, and applied research in didactics using the method of theoretical analysis and synthesis. Basic research is applied not only in didactics, but also in disciplines closely related to didactics (psychology, sociology, philosophy, cybernetics...) and forms the basis for establishing didactic regularities, and has the task of determining didactic knowledge of capital value and significantly influences the development of didactic theories, educational and teaching practices in all types and levels of schools and other educational institutions and forms of organized learning and teaching. An interdisciplinary approach to developmental research, which refers to the investigation of the regularities of the application of research results obtained through basic research, can directly contribute to the improvement of didactic theory and practice. Through applied didactic research of an interdisciplinary character, researchers find solutions for specific practical questions and problems of educational and teaching practice in certain conditions based on known didactic knowledge. Certain assumptions and challenges in the realization of interdisciplinary research in didactics aim to ensure methodological competence, scientific objectivity, and the integration of several disciplines. In the concluding remarks, it was emphasized that research methodology in didactics that has an interdisciplinary approach is not realized in isolation, but in dynamic and creative cooperation with other disciplines. With integrated basic, developmental, and applied didactic research of an interdisciplinary character, we contribute to the development of scientific theory and progressive changes in teaching practice and the educational process in general.

16

Authors: Zlatan Begić

When talking about the rule of law as a contemporary constitutional and theoretical principle, most of the public usually refers to the period of the emergence of theoretical models that tend to the modern understanding of the organization of the state, legal order, and society, from the period of the Enlightenment to the period of various theoretical concepts of the modern era. However, as it is known in the domain of constitutional theory, ideas concerning the concept and purpose of government, the constitution, laws and legislation, rights and obligations, legality and legitimacy, and all other categories that constitute elements of the principle of the rule of law (as it is understood today) – as a very complex notion, have been the subject of consideration since the earliest times, at the very beginnings of the development of the philosophical-legal thought. The purpose of this paper, by its capacity and scope, is not contained in the elaboration of all theoretical models regarding elements that make the content of the rule of law which appeared during the historical development of human civilization – which would otherwise be an impossible task, but in the elaboration of some characteristic theoretical considerations during ancient and medieval period in which the beginnings of the idea of the rule of law can be found as well as the very beginnings of the development of that idea in contemporary sense.

16

Authors: Anida Manko

Higher education, compliant with the new trends, expects students to have a more active and individual engagement in the learning process. Collaborative learning, research-based teaching and learning, and constructive approach are being promoted. Students are expected to demonstrate critical thinking, creativity, and resourcefulness to be qualified for the labor market as well as lifelong learning. The education process at higher education institutions is enriched with collaborations with important institutions that serve as a teaching base aiming to create diverse learning and teaching opportunities. This paper aims to investigate students' opinions about using resources of the University of Sarajevo's teaching base – a museum. Students are asked about the museum as a learning place, their experiences when visiting a museum, and the reasons and frequency of their museum visits. The question is if the students visit museums to explore certain topics for assignments during their studies and how they perceive such forms of learning. 65 students of the University of Sarajevo participated in the research. The results point to the importance of generating a new audience for museums, maintaining the existing one by creating stimulating activities and designing such a teaching process that would prompt students to return to, explore and learn in museums.

18

Authors: Ali Hasanović

Mustafa Ejubović-Šejh Jujo, one of our prominent Arabic-language writers, lived in Bosnia and Herzegovina during the transition between the 17th and 18th centuries. Besides being a highly prolific author in the fields of Arabic stylistics and Islamic theology, respected not only locally but also throughout the Ottoman Empire at that time, he is also one of the significant figures in Bosniak oral traditions. Over the past few centuries, various anecdotes about him have been retold, fueling the imagination and strengthening beliefs for generations. These narratives, belonging to the genre of oral traditions about saints (evliyas) in Bosniak oral tradition, focus on the miracles and supernatural powers bestowed upon these extraordinary individuals. What is interesting in the case of this extraordinary mufti from Mostar is that, unlike other figures in Bosnian folklore, there is a wealth of biographical data and facts about him, which has led to controversial perspectives among many researchers regarding their intersection with numerous oral traditions.

18

Authors: Boris Balta, Maja Lasić, Neven Buzuk

The paper deals with the basic elements of film art as well as the evolution of the film medium. The film, as a medium of storytelling, experiences changes due to the advancement of technology, and the production of a film in an amateur context becomes more accessible and democratic. The authors of the text discuss the technical elements of storytelling in film, and regardless of technological improvement, the quality of the narrative remains at the center of craftsmanship. The importance of handling the basic elements of the camera and editing, and the creation of an emotional correspondence between the film and the audience, is emphasized. In addition to the aspect of storytelling and entertainment, the film inevitably affects a change in cultural and social perspectives. In the past years, digital technology has brought about changes in the understanding of film reality, and the future has the tendency to transform from a film performance into a film experience. The authors discuss the elementary aspects of the film, which regardless of technological aspirations, will remain essential in filmmaking.

18

Authors: Isidora Korać, Jelena Đermanov

The authors of this paper start from the position that horizontal learning implies a reflective dialogue among participants in the learning process within the professional development of teachers and preschool teachers, critical examination, observation, and understanding of theory and practice from different perspectives, building common knowledge, skills, and values based on which the necessary changes in practice can be planned and implemented. The findings of several types of research indicate that horizontal learning, despite the recognized benefit by the participants of the process, is still poorly represented in practice. The research aims to examine the factors that, according to school teachers and educators, negatively affect their motivation to participate in horizontal learning and at the analysis of their proposals on how to overcome the existing problems and difficulties in the current practice of horizontal learning in the Republic of Serbia. The combined method was applied in the research. The research sample included preschool teachers, subject and classroom teachers employed in institutions from several cities in the Republic of Serbia. For the quantitative part of the research, a questionnaire was constructed (N=330), while the qualitative part of the research was carried out through a semi-structured interview (N=30). Based on the obtained research findings, we can conclude that an unfavorable social environment for learning is the dominant factor that determines the motivation of teachers and educators to participate in horizontal learning activities. In this regard, the research findings indicate that with a higher level of support for horizontal learning in the institutions where the respondents are employed, their motivation to participate in horizontal learning activities also increases. Teachers and preschool teachers recognize the director of the institution as a leader of changes and development of the institution, but also as a manager who provides conditions for the realization of horizontal learning. Research findings and concluding considerations contribute to mapping current practice and a more complete understanding of the process of horizontal learning, providing a basis for creating future policies for the professional development of employees in education.

18

Authors: Irena Praskač-Salčin, Sabira Gadžo-Šašić

Historical examples show and confirm the continued disenfranchisement of people with disabilities in all areas. In this regard, it is not a particularly different situation in the field of media representation of this marginalized group. A low level of awareness and knowledge about disability contributes to people with disabilities directly or indirectly discriminating, marginalizing, and at the same time creating unfounded attitudes, stereotypes, and stigma about them. Starting from the above, the text analyzes the current media presentation of persons with disabilities in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The analysis included printed, more precisely the content of daily editions of Dnevni avaz newspaper in the period from April 1 to May 4, 2023, in which, in the analyzed period, a total of nine (9) topics were published. The contents of electronic media (Federal Television, Radio Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Radio-Television of Republika Srpska, Radio-Television of Republika Srpska, Radio Republika Srpska) were also analyzed, and on which, in the period from 08 to 22 May 2023, nine (9) topics that directly or indirectly concern people with disabilities were presented in news shows. The research aimed to point out the inadequate approach to reporting on disability more precisely to point out that people with disabilities and topics important to them are marginalized in media content in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and that they do not reflect the real-life conditions of members of that population.

20

Authors: Mirsad Turanović, Amina Ajdinović Mehović

The paper analyzes the discursive strategies of apparent empathy and ideological polarization that were used to legitimize discrimination against covered female students in the Republic of Turkey. We approached this complex social problem from the point of view of critical discourse analysis, which represents an interdisciplinary research area centered on the interest in researching the manipulative use of language. The ban on wearing headscarves in universities in Turkey was the fruit of the Kemalist conception of modernism and hegemony established by the Kemalist elites. An important role in preserving that hegemony was also played by the media, whose primary goal was to legitimize social injustice and protect the social order based on an asymmetric distribution of power. They performed this role of the media through the manipulative use of language within clearly recognizable discursive strategies, which was shown by the analysis of the newspaper text that is the subject of this paper.

20

Authors: Aida Džiho-Šator, Amela Džiho-Hidović

This paper explores the portrayal of violence and gender in its relation to different historical periods, countries, cultures, and religions. The aim is to determine the role these different aspects have in forming of characters’ identities and more specifically how it is all related to gender. The research will focus on Toni Morrison’s A Mercy, Elena Ferrante’s Tetralogy My Brilliant Friend, and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s Purple Hibiscus. All three novels, regardless of the different periods they fictionalize and discuss, and the literature they belong to, are connected by the captivating darkness that runs deeply through their fictional fiber and portrays the horrible conditions and struggles women have to go through because of the violence they were succumbed to, but also the violence they have to resort to to survive and even thrive in the ever-changing, but always firmly men’s world. Morrison’s novel is set in the early stages of the slave trade in America when racial, religious, and class tensions were just beginning to form, Ferrante’s tetralogy focuses on the post-WWII Italy, poverty-stricken and violent neighborhoods of the outskirts of Naples, and Purple Hibiscus is set in postcolonial Nigeria, a country struggling with political instability and economic difficulties. All three authors with their respective novels render vibrant pictures of the lives of young girls and grown women, mothers, daughters, and friends, across times, countries, but also classes, that offer plenty of space for comparative research focusing on the presence and role of violence in their lives.

20

Authors: Iva N. Manić

With the development of globalization and continuous changes in terms of the formal inclusion of children in social systems, the need for acceptance and inclusion in the system of children with special social support needs has been recognized. The research aimed to determine the circumstances that are significant for the professional development of preschool teachers (frequency, motivation, forms, self-assessment of abilities, application of new knowledge, and cooperation) for the needs of inclusive educational practice in preschool institutions. A convenience sample of 141 preschool teachers from the territory of the cities of Pirot and Niš participated in the research. Teachers expressed their views on this topic using a Likert-type scale composed of 52 items divided into 7 subscales, through the use of a Google Forms questionnaire. The obtained results show that: teachers consider continuous professional development for the organization and implementation of inclusive practice to be significant and necessary; teachers enhance their expertise in the field of inclusion through activities such as thematic workshops, online programs, and joint activities with other teachers, while individual and group research is less frequently applied. Preschool teachers with fewer years of work experience apply various forms of professional development in the field of inclusion. Teachers who implement inclusive educational practices with the nursery or younger preschool group are less motivated for professional development in the field of inclusion. Preschool teachers with less work experience tend to apply new knowledge in the field of inclusion (acquired through professional development). Based on the obtained results, it is recommended to encourage and support teachers in choosing activities for professional development that contribute to the development of skills and knowledge for working in inclusive educational practice.

20

Authors: Andrea Rakanović Radonjić

Placement in a social protection institution for children without (adequate) parental care is one form of social protection for children who need care. In the Republic of Srpska, by the Law on Social Protection, social institutions are established by the Republic of Srpska. For children without (adequate) parents who need placement in the Republic of Srpska, there is one social institution in which children and youth are provided with housing, food, clothing, assistance in education and training for work, care, health care, and other needs fulfillment. This paper presents the results of the research on the subjective assessment of aspects of the quality of life in a social institution for children without (adequate) parental care. The concept of quality of life is theoretically elaborated through subjective theories of quality of life. Quality of life was observed and measured as a multidimensional construct that refers to the physical, psychological, social, and behavioral components of children and youth placed in a social welfare institution. The method of content analysis was used to collect and analyze data, as well as in the empirical part of the research when processing and interpreting the research findings. Data were collected by the survey method with the use of a questionnaire instrument (KIDSCREEN-27). For data processing and analysis, different statistical methods were used. The results showed that children and youth placed in a social institution for children without (adequate) parental care in the Republic of Srpska rate all five examined aspects of life positively. Most of the aspects were rated as satisfactory. The overall mean value rating for all aspects is 3.52, which is an encouraging finding, due to the permanent need for residential placement for children without (adequate) parental care.

22

Authors: Kristinka Ovesni

This paper considers how, as a relatively young academic discipline, human resource development (HRD) has undergone significant changes in terms of research approaches that constitute a relevant sum of scientific knowledge, the influence of related scientific disciplines, and the main research topics since the second decade of the twenty-first century. The results of the analysis of selected texts from five academic journals were presented and discussed in finding answers to three research questions: (1) How is the academic disciplinary framework of human resource development considered in the analyzed texts? (2) Which academic disciplines are considered necessary for building a human resources knowledge base? (3) What research topics are highlighted in the analyzed texts?

22

Authors: Sanja Živanović, Ranka Perućica, Sonja Kaurin, Bojana Vuković, Olivera Kalajdžić, Slađana Ćalasan

When we talk about education, we usually mean planned influences that are exerted on the student to develop all his potential on the one hand. On the other hand, the question arises whether there are unintended influences in the education process, whether their outcome is positive or negative, and whether pedagogy also deals with such spontaneous, unintended processes. Therefore, the goal of this research was to examine and analyze the views of pedagogues, associate and scientific-teaching professions on the nature of the influence that is realized within the framework of education. The sample has the characteristics of a deliberate and convenient sample, and it is composed of pedagogues with associate and scientific-teaching titles from two public universities in the Republic of Srpska. The paper used the method of theoretical analysis and descriptive statistics, and of the techniques, the survey technique. The results show that pedagogues, associate, and scientific-teaching professions under education imply a synthesis of intentional and unintentional influences on the student, only a small number of pedagogues consider that the term functional education is inadequate for what it represents and do not give suggestions for its redefinition. The pedagogues think that the (un)intentionality of education is still a current and open question of pedagogy, but not a fundamental one. In the context of the environment, they believe that the family community is a synthesis of intentional and unintentional influence, and the same integrations are not renounced in the institutional environment as well as in the educational activities that took place even in the pre-civilization period. The results can serve as an initial investigation of the phenomenon of (un)intentionality in education and serve as a basis for further quantitatively and qualitatively larger research, but also for the theoretical foundations of all those who in any way discuss the theoretical issues of general pedagogy.

22

Authors: Nermin Mulaosmanović

Today’s generation of young people is immersed in the virtual world, which increasingly leads to a negative trend - socially isolated individuals. Recently, there has been an accelerated development of social networks that have changed the way of communication and interaction between people, which has had a special impact on young people. There are multiple attempts to reduce the time spent on social networks because of the countless consequences that arise: anxiety, depression, irritability, restlessness, frequent mood swings. Therefore, the main problem was to examine the relationship between virtual behavior on social networks with adolescent anxiety while the goal was to assess the virtual behavior of young people in relation to gender and school success as well as the relationship of virtual behavior on social networks with anxiety in raising awareness of the importance of prevention and adolescent mental health care. The research was conducted among 215 high school students, ages 15 to 19 years from the Tuzla Canton, Bosnia and Herzegovina. There were 117 male (54.42%) and 98 (45.58%) female participants. The questionnaire used to analyze virtual behavior on social networks (VPDM) is divided into six subscales (DM addiction, alienation, socializing, negative attitude, self-presentation, and virtual self). The Anxiety Rating Scale (AT 29) was used to assess anxiety. The findings show that all facets of virtual conduct on social networks are associated with anxiety. When it comes to gender differences in the examined aspects of virtual behavior, the results show that girls achieve statistically significantly higher results on the dimensions of dependence on social networks and virtual alienation compared to boys, while these gender differences did not prove to be statistically significant on other aspects of virtual behavior. In addition, with the exception of virtual alienation, the study discovered a negative relationship between academic success and features of virtual behavior. The results indicate that in order to make more rational use of social networks, strategies are needed for preventive action, the preservation of the mental health of young people and improvement of their school achievement.

24

Authors: Edina Murtić

The purpose of this paper is to show how the elements of oral literature interpolate in the contemporary literature for children and youth of the prominent Bosnian-Herzegovinian authors Alija Isaković and Ljubica Ostojić.Firstly, this Paper theoretically elaborates on the presence of the elements of oral literature in the literature for children and youth. These two different literary directions touch each other at their roots, and in the contemporary interpolation, they exist parallelly in the genre re-semanticization of the elements of oral literature. Following theoretical postulates of the most prominent authors from the South-Slavic Interliterary Community in the field of researching oral literature and literature for children and youth, we will show how the linguistic-stylistic heritage is re-interpreted through the traditional oral literary forms in the texts of contemporary authors, and how the elements of orality appear in new narrative structures- short stories and fairy tales of a new type. We will show how the rhetorical and rhythmical values of a text spill over in linguistic audacity, and how old oral structures; folk songs, and folk tales are narratively defamiliarized, deconstructed, and parodied.

24

Authors: Nife Elizabeth Ogunbodede

This article examines the effectiveness of various policies and strategies aimed at promoting women’s participation in politics in Nigeria, implemented by advocacy groups, international organizations, political parties, and the Nigerian government. Despite the legal right of women to engage in politics and governance, cultural beliefs have hindered their active involvement in politics, leading to inadequate representation of women in politics. By liberal feminist theory, the study evaluates women’s responses to these initiatives, the challenges encountered in implementing them, and how political parties can enhance their effectiveness. The article suggests that legislative reform is necessary to enable women to achieve equal status to men in society, which will boost women’s political participation. Furthermore, it argues that Nigeria’s political parties have not done enough to encourage women’s participation in politics. Hence, political parties should establish a welcoming and inclusive environment accommodating women’s needs. To achieve this, political parties should organize party meetings at convenient and accessible times and places for women, eliminate obstacles that impede women’s participation in politics, develop gender-sensitive training programs to enhance women’s confidence and skills, and establish mentoring programs to support potential women candidates in navigating the political landscape.

26

Authors: Azra Hodžić-Čavkić

The premise of the existence of artificial languages is the intention of their creators. Given that language presupposes culture as a certain type of systematic relationship of a community to the objective world, and that idioms are translators of culture, it should be assumed that even in artificial languages we can encounter idioms as units that additionally cohere the existence of the artificial culture. Therefore, in this paper, we will talk about the artlang of Herbert's novels and it will be shown that we must speak of a special type of artlang, which in this paper we call idiolang, since idioms appear as the most common part of the Dune language. They are a result of the writer's focus on culture. Idioms serve as reliable indicators of the authentical fictional culture and signs of social coordination.

44

Authors: Senadin Musabegović

The present text provides an analysis of Krleža’s deliberations on medieval Bosnian art, which are most evidently reflected in his views about the tombstones – the stećci. Back in the 1950s, following Tito’s split with Stalin, Miroslav Krleža organized an exhibition in Paris, France, themed “Medieval Art of Yugoslav Peoples”, placing the tombstones in the center of attention. The reason for this lies in the fact that, in their appearance as monuments, he recognized the heretic efforts of the Bosnian Church, which was persecuted in the Middle Ages by Western Catholicism and Eastern Orthodox Christianity. Similarly, Tito’s Yugoslavia expressed its heretic character by standing up against the Western capitalist bloc – NATO, as well as Stalin’s dogmatism – the Warsaw Pact. The reason for the persecution of the members of the Bosnian Church back in the day was religious, whereas in the 1950s when Yugoslavia was fighting for its independent road towards further building socialism, the split was purely ideological. When the Berlin Wall fell and Yugoslavia was crushed by aggressive nationalist politics, many intellectuals found Krleža’s observations on the importance of the Bosnian medieval tombstones an expression of naïve romanticism, or an ideological construction hiding Tito’s absolute power, and his thirst for power and ethnic balancing. This text attempts to reaffirm Krleža’s deliberations on the tombstones, which, the author of these lines believes have not at all lost their importance, nor do they merely represent “an idealized past”.