Društvene i humanističke studije DHS (Social Sciences and Humanities Studies)

12

Authors: Goran Miraščić

During the Trump administration, the American economy experienced some of the best results since World War II. Unemployment and poverty were at record lows and the stock market was booming. At the same time, the fiscal deficit and public debt increased, while the harm is done to the rules-based international trading system is yet to be seen. Using historical data, the aim of this paper is to provide a comparative overview of some of the hallmarks of Trump’s economic policy taking a critical look at each one of them: tax cuts, deregulation, and protectionism. While the pre-pandemic U.S. economy was in some aspects truly impressive, it is difficult to disentangle to what extent this was owed to the president’s economic policies and to what extent this was simply due to a positive external environment, which should be the subject of future scientific research.

12

Authors: Nasih Osmanović, Nasiha Osmanović

This study aims to find out what are the impacts of Blended learning on communication. Research shows that in the higher education system there are positive outcomes of communication using Blended learning techniques. According to this research, if the system is entirely online, it will never revolutionize the mindsets of students. Blended learning and online learning help the students to explore more techniques and tools for faster acquisition of knowledge. It has a positive impact on the cognitive and interpersonal skills of the students and automatically impacts positively the concept of online learning from the student’s perspective. The research showed that online learning even if it is not taken in the classroom can be a part of positive effects in communication among the students and their effectiveness and performances. Using the variety of technology in the class is improving communications skills and forcing learners to incorporate information technology and have a strong command of modern communication instruments.

16

Authors: Muedib Šahinović

The focal point of this paper stands on the polyvalent nature of secularity which is detected through its various forms and practical application as well as through ideological instrumentalization resulting in extreme derivatives. There is the specific influence of secular ideas and practices on the Bosniak social context, which has been marked during historical development by different phases of the relationship between religion and the state, dating back from the middle of the 20th century consequently leading to highly difficult and complex changes within the Bosniak existence. These changes were primarily aimed at a completely new perception of the notion itself and a considerably decreased application of religious standards. Those standards have been sustained under the pressure of secular moralities hence transformed into the pattern that has transitioned to antidotes briefly described by the phrase "fluctuating religiosity". It was these compromise solutions that enabled the "soft" transformation of Islamic legal norms into religious-moral norms (as a milder and more acceptable form of normative determination). This conversion of the Islamic spirit, practice, and worldviews of Bosniaks retain the amassing consequences on a significant contingent of identity categories. The whole process is being critically assessed through sociological analysis in this paper. Taking into account the Bosniak path through modernity, which begins in the late 19th century; secularization represented a serious Rubicon that needed to be bridged, and within the framework of new understandings of religiosity to build a necessary and adequate frame for the preservation of religious and ethnonational identity. On the example of Bosniak practice which has found a middle ground between nominally irreconcilable secular laws and religious imperatives, a general conclusion can be drawn about the existence of a probable sociological model of harmonization of different antagonisms in the relationship between the state and religion that affirm ideas such as separation with cooperation, overlapping consensus or neutrality with respect, guaranteeing fundamental freedoms and human rights and within them; inter alia, the preservation of religious sovereignty, identity and practice, which opens the door to convergent perspectives in a global context.

16

Authors: Maida Koso-Drljević, Esma Čelenka, Nejla Omerović-Ihtijarević

During the 2020/2021 academic year, the working conditions of students during online classes, the levels of depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms, and their correlations with resilience and sleep quality were examined on a sample of students from the University of Sarajevo (UNSA). The results of the research show that most students have satisfying working conditions from home, but also that a large number of them still feel fear and anxiety that something will happen to the internet connection or computer during online classes and exams. About 50% of students have increased symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress, which are significantly in correlation with poorer sleep quality. Higher levels of resilience in students are correlated with lower levels of depression, anxiety, and stress and better sleep quality. The level of student depression is a variable that is the best predictor in explaining the criterion variable quality of sleep.

18

Authors: Nikola Dojčinović, Samir Ljajić

In the digital age, the Internet is the dominant tool for realizing political strategies. The potential of computerized propaganda was made possible, especially by social networks, through which it is possible to network contacts on a global level. Given that billions of people around the world are active on social networks every day, political strategies must be implemented through them to achieve political interests. The term political manipulation takes on a new dimension in the digital environment, taking technological advantages and ubiquity of internet users on networks. One of the world's most famous politicians who has intensively used digital platforms to propagate political views is Donald Trump. The main goal of this paper was to investigate the dominant patterns of use of social networks for political propaganda, primarily Twitter, from Trump's official Twitter account. The paper pays special attention to Trump's rhetoric, apropos his language and style of expression on social networks, with special reference to the 2016th year during the election campaign. The results of the analysis show that the use of social networks by Donald Trump, his PR management, and Facebook and Twitter analysts, largely contributed to Trump's campaign to become the 45th president of the United States. Dominant patterns of Trump's use of social networks were based on attacks on political opponents, as well as on self-promotion. The analysis found that Trump's rhetoric was based mostly on insults, criticism, inappropriate vocabulary, and lies to achieve dominance over opponents.

18

Authors: Adisa Ahmetspahić

The most prominent concerns of contemporary British literature have been reserved for the revision of tradition and history and contestation of metanarratives through historiographic metafiction and historiographic metadrama. Liz Lochhead’s works are abundant in elements of historiographic metadrama which Lochhead uses to rewrite (hi)stories from a different angle, especially (hi)stories involving famous women and their position in the society, as is the case with Blood and Ice and Mary Queen of Scots Got Her Head Chopped Off. Blood and Ice focus on Mary Shelley’s process of writing her novel Frankenstein while Mary Queen of Scots got her Head Chopped Off presents Mary Queen of Scots and Elizabeth I in the light of their strained relations. Pertaining to Blood and Ice, the aim of this paper is to discuss the position of Mary Shelley as a woman artist surrounded by Romanticists such as P.B. Shelley and Lord Byron and their liberal humanist ideology which shows great indebtedness to the patriarchal metanarrative. With regards to Mary Queen of Scots Got Her Head Chopped Off, the paper examines Mary Stuart and Elizabeth I’s roles as women and monarchs, masculinity-femininity dichotomy surrounding the queens, the problematics of their historical representation, as well as the danger of their mythologization. The analysis of the elements of historiographic metadrama in the two plays shows that they are examples of ‘herstories’ that dismantle male-centered narratives as imposed rather than natural.

18

Authors: Miljana Pavićević, Tijana Živković

The research aimed to determine the predictive power of social resources and social strategies in predicting social loneliness. The sample consisted of adult respondents, a total of 253 (103 males and 150 females) from 18 to 45 years, average age AS = 28.26, SD = 5.61. The instruments used in the research are these: the Social resources scale, Social strategy scale, and Social loneliness scale. The results of descriptive statistics show that the most pronounced social resource is leadership and the most pronounced social strategy is management. Also, the results show that the respondents have below-average social loneliness. The results of the regression analysis show that increased care for others leads to greater social loneliness and low expectations of success lead to pronounced social loneliness.

20

Authors: Minka Džanko, Alma Čović-Filipović

When lexemes are borrowed from a foreign language they go through different phases of integration, typically divided into four types: phonetic, orthographic, morphological, and semantic. The question of which gender to assign to a loanword and which gender assignment criteria to apply is still ambiguous in linguistics. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to determine the regularities of gender assignment to lexicalized and non-lexicalized anglicisms in German within linguistics and glottodidactics. In addition, the present study also investigates the question of whether deviations in gender assignment, in the case of lexicalized anglicisms from our corpus, can be explained by their semantic differences. The corpus for our research is composed of a total of 194 scientific articles, containing a wide range of linguistic topics and issues in the field of glottodidactics. The analysis showed that different criteria are used to assign different genders. Thus, in the case of feminine and neutral nouns, the suffixal analogy prevails, while in the case of masculine nouns, semantic analogy and monosyllabicity play a greater role.

22

Authors: Nusreta Kepeš

Service-learning (S-L) aims to promote the quality of education as well as improve local development in the community. In this approach, a child learns theories in the preschool classroom, but practices work in the local community. The best example of service-learning is described in the Concept of education for the 21st century, where Delors(1996) states: “Learn for learning, learn to work, learn to be, learn to live together with others.“From this concept, one can notice lifelong learning that has a specific social intervention based on solidarity and realization of true needs in the community. The research was conducted on a sample of 17 kindergartens in Zenica-Doboj Canton that applied Service Learning in their work. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether Service Learning can influence the development of civic competencies in preschool children. According to the research data and statements made by a preschool teacher, children had excellent experiences during the realization of Service-Learning ( S-L). In addition, parents and community members had positive attitudes and readiness to work in partnership with kindergartens. Namely, Service-learning as a project method in kindergarten is a great example of how the youngest can set a community in motion but also encourage its development through civic participation. The acquired data suggest that Service learning had been recognized as activity “civic education” in an area that enables them to act and educate the future generation of socially responsible citizens.

24

Authors: Aida Džiho-Šator

With his 2016 novel The Noise of Time, Julian Barnes showed once again that he had not finished with postmodernist experimentations, nor with his interest in biography and history. This paper discusses the political and postmodernist elements of The Noise of Time. In The Noise of TimeBarnes embarks on a journey of exploration of the strains political repression has on an artist living and working in Stalinist Russia where everything was conducted under the directives of the political regime. Barnes intertwines the characteristics of both postmodernism and political novel to render a fictional biography of Dimitri Shostakovich, a renowned Soviet composer who lived and worked through the oppression of Stalin’s regime and in the years of his successors. In his portrayal of the workings and implications that ideological artistic doctrines and forms of political power can have on artists, Barnes uses primarily intertextuality and historiographic metafiction, and this paper will mostly focus on these two postmodernist elements of the novel.

24

Authors: Daliborka Popović, Božana Rašković

The paper starts by considering the factors that determine the development of musical abilities and emphasizes the role of adequate support within institutional music education. It references an adequate pedagogical approach in the choice of content and their didactic-methodological operationalization. In order to determine the importance of an adequate pedagogical approach in that sense, research was conducted on a sample of 118 preschool children in the preschool institution "Veselo detinjstvo" in Raska, ie, experimental verification of the impact of applying optimal didactic-methodological postulates in developing musical abilities. The results of the application of the experimental program showed positive effects in the development of musical abilities, in relation to the established practice, which implies stronger support of music pedagogues to educators. It is concluded that it is necessary to provide a better type of support to educators starting from initial education, and also through professional development, in order to adequately support children's musical potentials and talents, from the earliest age.

26

Authors: Mladen Obrenović, Lejla Turčilo

Donald Trump's term as President of the United States was marked by, among others: nationalism, populism, rejection of democracy, political arbitrariness, exclusivity towards racial and national minorities, xenophobia expressed towards immigrants, but also close (Mexicans) and distant peoples (Chinese), forcing divisions in American society, misogyny, spreading misinformation in all spheres and especially during the pandemic, belittling the attitude towards intellectuals, and especially constantlycalling out and insulting journalists. Injustice towards media houses and journalists did not stop during the entire term of Donald Trump, who called them 'fake news media' and 'enemy of the people, thus turning the public against them and creating big problems for them, which resulted in open violence during police protests. the assassination of African-American George Floyd, but also in the attack on Capitol Hill. All of these terms, along with some other features of his rule in domestic and foreign policy,are encompassed by a common denominator called ‘trumpism’. Although he was defeated in the 2020 presidential election, his legacy remained significantly present in American society, but also outside it - on the American and Asian continents, but also in Europe, and especially in the Balkans. Using qualitative content analysis and comparative analysis of Donald Trump's communication model, especially in his relationship with political opponents, media houses and journalists, and the communication model of Balkan politicians, this paper deals with information and communication matrices that have been very successfully accepted and perfected by some politicians. Balkans through a special review of the spread of 'information disorder' in its three manifestations - misinformation, misinformation, and misinformation.

26

Authors: Mirsad Čizmić, Aida Čizmić

The authors consider the referendum as the most pronounced form of direct democracy, which is direct decision-making where citizens express themselves by direct and secret ballot on a particular issue. It is not a substitute for representative democracy, but its corrective factor. In this paper, the authors give a systematic overview of good practice of referendums as an instrument of direct democracy, primarily in Switzerland, Italy, Croatia, Denmark, Serbia, Slovenia, Germany, USA, UK, etc., but also the place of referendum democracy in the legal order of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The authors will try to show that a referendum in some of these countries can be a great democratic step forward, but that it can often be not only an instrument for direct will but a negation of direct democracy in several cases. In support of this claim, the authors will point out the legal and political aspects of conducting the referendum.

34

Authors: Benjamin Nurkić, Suad Murselović

This paper analyzes the constitutional position of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) between constitutional nationalism and human rights. In its judgments in Sejdić and Finci v. BiH, and Zornić v. BiH, the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) found that the BiH Constitution was not in line with the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (ECHR). Namely, the privilege of the three constituent peoples in the Constitution of BiH, the ECHR was assessed as contrary to the prohibited discrimination prescribed by the ECHR. In this sense, the paper analyzes the current Bosnian constitutional model of a form of consociational democracy or constitutional nationalism. The authors analyze the presumption of the ECtHR in terms of the (non) existence of a legitimate goal for maintaining discriminatory provisions in the Constitution of BiH. Also, the paper analyzes the importance of the implementation of the ECtHR judgment for the future of the rule of law in BiH.