Društvene i humanističke studije DHS (Social Sciences and Humanities Studies)

10

Authors: Almir Bašović

This text is an introduction to the thematic block of the journal Social Sciences and Humanities Studies on the literary and theatrical aspects of Bosnian drama and theater. It recalls the presence of theatrical and sub-theatrical phenomena on the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina in antiquity, and then lists the specifics of Bosnian culture in the Middle Ages, from which arises a specific relationship to drama and theater. The attitude of Islamic culture towards theater and drama significantly influenced the status that drama has even after the departure of the Ottoman Empire from Bosnia and Herzegovina. With the arrival of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, there are significant differences concerning European civic theater. Through the most important conclusions from the individual texts that make up this block, the status that Bosnian drama has in our theatrical culture is pointed out.

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Authors: Marko Misirača

The text reviews the presence of Bosnian drama and prose literature on professional theater stages in BiH through performances that participated in the Theater Festival of BiH in Jajce in the last 50 years. Through an overview of the participation of performances at one of the most important state festivals, the presence of BiH plays in professional theaters in Bosnia is analyzed in the mentioned period - the treatment of BiH dramas by theaters as well as perceptions of them by the professional audience.

14

Authors: Marijana M. Prodanović, Valentina M. Gavranović

Assessing students’ progress and creating objective and reliable tests occupy an important place in the ELT sphere. This paper focuses on the analysis of the answers provided by a group of undergraduate students majoring in English. They responded to two grammar online tests assessing the knowledge of the verb tenses used in context. The analysis includes the comparison of the results obtained via the low-stakes test comprising fill-in type tasks, on the one hand, and the high-stakes test containing multiple-choice tasks on the other hand. This study aims at exploring which tense-related aspects the students find either the most or least demanding and whether there are similarities or differences in the outcomes gained from two different tests and task types. The findings show that the analyzed answers exhibit similar characteristics regardless of the format and type of testing. The pedagogical implications arising from this study point to the areas which could be improved in terms of specific uses of tenses in context.

16

Authors: Matija Bošnjak

In the literary and theatrical critique of his time (second half of the 20th century), Miodrag Žalica was recognized as a representative of symbolist poetics in Bosnian-Herzegovinian drama. The features of Žalica’s dramatic symbolism have, however, rarely been observed through analyzing the technique of his dramatic works in concreto. The Piece Mirišu li jorgovani u Njujorku, written in 1988, certainly represents the culmination of Žalica’s poetics, and is, in that sense, suitable for an analysis of the symbolic network as a specific trademark of his authorship with regards to the poetics of symbolism in European modern drama at the turn of the 19th to 20th century.

16

Authors: Tanja Kuštović

The 1375 Paris Miscellany and 1404 Hval’s Codex are the medieval codices created at the end of the 14th and the beginning of the 15th century, which means that they were written less than thirty years apart. Although the author of Hval’s codex was unlikely to have been familiar with the content of the Paris Miscellany, these two texts have a lot in common. This article attempts to bring out their similarities and differences. The author analyses the places of their origin, the locations of their safekeeping, the notaries, their purpose, material description, content, language, and script. To illustrate the linguistic parallels and contrasts between the two medieval codices, the author introduces the linguistic analysis of the Lord’s Prayer, which exists in both texts.

16

Authors: Selma Porobić, Senada Mujić, Edina Malkić, Maida Dedić, Ksenija Mujčević, Mahir Bečakčić, Tarik Hasanić, Enver Tursunović, Almedin Rizvić

The COVID-19 pandemic, or better known as the coronavirus pandemic, brought many challenges in education, and one of them was the transition to online teaching, that is. use of information and communication technologies in teaching. Information technology is a term that describes parts (hardware) and programs (software) that allow access to download, organize, manipulate and present information electronically, and communication technology (CT) is a term that describes telecommunications equipment that can send, receive information, search and access them. This research aimed to examine the subjective experience of teachers about personal competencies in the use of information and communication technology in teaching. The population of this research consists of primary school teachers in the area of Tuzla Canton, and the total sample consists of 138 respondents. An anonymous internet survey was used, which is distributed with the help of social networks “Facebook” and a Facebook group called “Prosvjeta TK”, which brings together educators from the Tuzla Canton area. In this paper, we assume that teachers assess their information and communication competencies as positive and they consider themselves competent in their use in the teaching process. It also explores aspects of teachers’ digital competencies as essential competencies for 21st-century education. The paper will provide insight into the personal perception of teachers regarding ICT competence, which is included in the fund of previous knowledge and theoretical knowledge. The results of this research could help understand and analyze further practices, decide on further steps to build teachers’ ICT competencies in and for the future of the school.

16

Authors: Amina Vatreš

In the era of distinctly new media-marked social reality, the process of dissemination of disinformation is becoming an increasingly common phenomenon. As one of the technological innovations that stands out in this field is the deepfake phenomenon – a hyper-realistic digital falsification of video and audio formats. Since it is based on the most sophisticated technology, supported by achievements in the field of artificial intelligence, deepfake unequivocally represents a kind of turning point in the context of production and distribution of fake audio-visual content. To poly perspective point to the multiple repercussions of this phenomenon, the paper provides a deeper insight into the very definition and the specific factors that contribute to the acceptance of deepfake, with special emphasis on its implications on reliable journalism and its social function. The text articulates the role of deepfake in the process of creating and receiving media content, as well as the problem of the emergence of erosion of public trust within a hyperreal media environment.

18

Authors: Olivera Pavičević, Ivana Stepanović, Ljeposava Ilijić

The paper is an attempt to redefine the concept of resilience in the context of changes taking place globally. One of the key changes was caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. It has shown the inadequacy of the neoliberal discourse of resilience that shifts responsibility to individuals who must be prepared to overcome the circumstances of crisis or shock. However, resilience can be seen in terms of solidarity, dignity and responsibility towards others. Resilience also implies strategies that involve large investments in public health, ecology and self-sustainable solutions to battle climate change that is causing infectious diseases. The purpose of this paper is to raise awareness of the need to start creating a set of public policies that would imply an ethical evaluation related to the success or failure of treating others responsibly.

22

Authors: Hasan Zahirović

The Bosnian-Herzegovinian drama was occasionally performed on the Czechoslovak and Czech stages. The plots were not systematically translated, nor cultural-artistic contacts were planned, especially when it came to the twentieth century. With the arrival of students in the Czech Republic in the last two decades, systematic translation began, various stage readings were organized and Bosnian-Herzegovinian literature, including drama, began to be published. In the history of Czech theater, Ahmed Muradbegović was the first Bosnian dramatic who was tagged in Czechoslovakia, while the audience could also read contemporary playwrights, which were either published (Bašović, Imširević) or represented by theater agencies (Bukvić, Karahasan, Milenić, Šljivar). Text adaptations of Bosnian authors, dramalets, performances, and various stage events are presented and held in the Czech Republic thanks to the Bosnian community in Prague.

22

Authors: Moses Joseph Yakubu, Adewunmi James Falode

This work analyzes the protracted conflict between the Nigerian authority and Boko Haram from the perspectives of Karl Marx’s theory of economic determinism. It explores the financial interests of corrupt officials as a plausible explanation for unsuccessful counter-terrorism. It also argues that the major factor responsible for the intractable nature of the conflict is the material benefit that the political elites derive from its prolongation. The authors use the theory of economic determinism to vividly show how the ruling oligarchs in Nigeria have thwarted every attempt to end the conflict. Using the qualitative research methodology, the work tends to illustrate how the desire for massive and unbridled wealth accumulation drove the political and military elites in Nigeria to hinder every effort made to resolve the conflict between Nigeria and Boko Haram. In other words, the work reveals the crucial links between wealth accumulation and the prolongation of the Boko Haram conflict in Nigeria.

22

Authors: Damir Markulin

In this paper we have explored the influence of sculptures and paintings by the author of this article as an incentive for motivation and artistic work of preschool-age and school-age children with disabilities in inclusive education through the application of the qualitative research method of observation in all three phases of the method of aesthetic transfer: perception, reception, and reaction. The research was carried out at CIERI (Centre for research, education, development, and training) at the Hercegovina University in Mostar on a sample of 15 children with disabilities in inclusive education, whereof 7 boys (2 preschool-age and 5school-age children) and 8 girls (3 preschool-age and 5 school-age children). In research by using free conversation, we have examined attitudes and opinions about the use of works of fine art as an incentive for motivation and artistic expression of children on a sample of three experts in education and rehabilitation and three parents of preschool-age children with disabilities in inclusive education. By applying the method of analysis and comparative analysis we have determined positive influences of use of works of fine art on the motivation and artistic creation of children with disabilities in inclusive education regardless of age: influence on increased motivation to work, choice of motives, more intensive use of colors and tonal painting, playful composition solutions and the making of complex art volumes. The research has determined that the boys prefer making three-dimensional shapes more than the girls. The research has shown positive attitudes and opinions of the educational and rehabilitation experts and parents towards the use of the mentioned works of art as an incentive for the artistic creation of children.

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Authors: Gabriel Pinkas

This paper presents the results obtained on a sample of 467 teachers from 25 elementary schools in the wider city area of Tuzla. The subject of the research was the relationship between the principal leadership styles, as perceived by teachers, and the work motivation of teachers, through the perception of the school climate as a potential determinant of this relationship. The Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ), the Work Tasks Motivation Scale for Teachers (WTMST), and the School Level Environment Questionnaire (SLEQ) were used to collect data. The obtained results indicate that the principal leadership style, perceived by teachers, affects teacher motivation directly, and indirectly, through the teachers’ perception of the school climate. This, however, explains a small part of the total variance of motivation, which suggests that motivation is mostly determined by the sum of other factors.

24

Authors: Dejan Đorđić, Ruženjka Šimonji Černak, Mila Beljanski

The results of researches on distance teaching from the teacher’s aspect during the state of emergency are presented in this paper, there are the teachers of primary schools, from the territory of Vojvodina (Serbia). The aim is to answer questions about how the respondents assess competencies for distance learning, job satisfaction, and how demanding are the different teaching platforms. The sample consisted of 574 teachers. The questionnaire The teacher’s and educator’s thoughts and experiences on distance teaching during the state of emergency was used. The questionnaire was distributed online. The data was collected from April 2020 until the end of the school year. Respondents assess that they have technical and IT competencies, acquired in informal education and that they need further education. Distance teaching is a professional challenge and is stressful, and the vast majority of respondents prefer regular teaching. The stress level is higher, more work, student engagement, and clarity of expectations from teachers are reduced. Respondents most often used already known communication channels during distance teaching: mail and Viber.

28

Authors: Dženeta Omerdić

Before the socio-political communities are posted, a very demanding task of defining the subject on whose name will behalf political power is implemented over a given state territory. However, the question about the subject of sovereignty should in no case be misunderstood as an issue of simply theoretical approach. The level of a state’s democracy, as well as its ability to realize internal and external sovereignty, depends entirely on fact: does the power belong to the People and whether it derives from the People. In other words, the issue of popular sovereignty is a substantial, constitutive element of modern democratic states. When we speak about contemporary Bosnia and Herzegovina, the functionality of the entire state government is often hindered by the complex decision-making processes at all state levels which lead to obstruction of the entire decision-making process. Such a dysfunctional decision-making process on the state level poses a threat and disables the Bosnian plural society to respond to the modern challenges of a democratic functioning state. The legal nature of Bosnian society is determined by the existence of constituent people who have “usurped” the entire decision-making process. There is still no end in sight to the struggle that leads to an oligarchy of the ruling elites; furthermore, there is still no appropriate socio-political mechanism that will enhance the accountability of the representatives to their voters; it is still inconceivable that decisions of state authorities are effectively and consistently implemented throughout the national territory. In other words, there is still no appropriate mechanism that will enhance the principle of popular sovereignty. It is necessary to “offer” Bosnia and Herzegovina’s pluralism and its political tradition a form of democratic authority which in no way should be a cliché. Furthermore, it may not be one of the “copy-paste” models of democratic authority. Currently, citizens of B&H are completely suspended (de facto, there are only citizens of entities). In the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina Serbs are suspended, while in the Republika Srpska, Bosniacs and Croats cannot equally participate in the decision-making process. An unfinished process of implementation of the Dayton Agreement and, in particular, Annex 4 (the Constitution of B&H), whose provisions permit discrimination against the citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina (the impossibility of the realization of the principle of equality in the exercise of universal suffrage), as well as the non-application of the Decision of the European Court of Human Rights contributes and is conducive to further segmentation of Bosnian society.

30

Authors: Andraž Teršek

At the time of the official Coronavirus, 2020-2021 Pandemic emergency measures and general restrictions on the freedom of movement and the other fundamental human and constitutional rights and freedoms were and still are in place. The question of what kind of world will we enter after the official end of the Pandemic was quickly raised. The problem of fear intensified. This is not only a social problem but also a legal one: people have a fundamental human right to protection against fear. The absolute short-term priorities of public administration in all EU and Council of Europe Member States will have to be focused on ensuring that fear and anxiety do not become a new epidemic. Concern for the efficiency and quality of the public health system should be strengthened and improved. Including mental health care and suicide prevention, care for the well-being of the elderly and terminally ill, people with disabilities (in general and disabled workers), care for children, especially children with special needs, and care for large, diversified, and quality palliative care. Also, a need exists for a changed and improved legal policy regarding the system of education, scientific research, and employment. Last but not least, care must be taken not to take fundamental human rights and freedoms for granted. The health crisis will result in a new economic crisis. It should not be accepted as the end of the Welfare (Social) State. It is a new opportunity to defend social and economic human rights and to create the common European Welfare State. Right now, new ideas are needed –even crazy ideas. We need a kind of utopia. And faith and hope in it, which will be the driving force of active action. The experience of the Pandemic must not prevent or take this away from us.