Karadeniz Uluslararası Bilimsel Dergi

21-33

Authors: Mariam KOBERIDZE

Ilia Okromchedlishvili is one of the prominent representatives of the new generation of the second half of the XIX century - "Tergdaleulebi", who was still friends with Ilia Chavchavadze from the University of St. Petersburg. He always stood by Ilia's side as a close friend and comrade in the arena of Georgian public life.Ilia Okromchedlishvili devoted the best period of his life - twenty-five years after graduating from the Armenian-Georgian department of St. Petersburg University - to the Lazarev Institute of Oriental Languages in Moscow and pedagogical-scientific activity at the Moscow University. At that time Moscow was the second city of Tsarist Russian Empire (after St. Petersburg), in one of the higher education institutions there was a Georgian language department. The encourager of this department was Ilia Okromchedlishvili. The curriculum developed by him, which has reached us, gives us a clear idea of the scope of teaching Georgian language and literature in the first, second and third course of special classes of the Lazarev Institute. Ilia Okromchedlishvili has a special contribution to the education and training of talented progressive-minded Georgian youth, to support them, provide material assistance and support. During his long career in Moscow, he did not lose close ties with his homeland, and contributed to the revival and development of Georgian national culture through his charity and material assistance. Ilia Okromchedlishvili systematically helped the Society for Spreading Literacy from Moscow. It is also noteworthy that in September 1881, he donated 6,000 manats to the Society for Spreading Literacy among Georgians for the publication of Georgian manuscripts. In 1884 Visramiani was published with his financial help and remarks in Tbilisi (Editors: Ilia Chavchavadze, Aleksandre Sarajishvili, Petre Umikashvili). Ilia Okromchedlishvili was also engaged in archival work. A personal letter written to Ilia Chavchavadze, dated September 10, 1882, from the city of Vienna, informs us that after two months of tireless work he found an old copy of “The Knight in the Panther’s Skin” with miniatures and historical materials of the last two centuries of Georgia in the Moscow archives. He sent Ilia Chkonia the fifth version of the manuscript "Kilila and Damana" from Moscow, which looks like the first version of the manuscript. The Fifth Archaeological Congress was held in Tbilisi on September 8-21, 1881. Ilia Okromchedlishvili's speech at this congress, "Who Invented the Georgian Alphabet", found an important echo in Georgian historical science at that time. The study of materials reflecting the scientific and public activities of Ilia Okromchedlishvili is of special importance in relation to the present.

46-64

Authors: Zozan ALI ABDULLAH, Hussein AHMAD MUSTAFA, Canan YILDIRAN, Yahya FİDAN

Due to the increasing importance of cultural diversity in organizations with globalization, the management of cultural diversity and the effect of this management on organizational performance are the subject of the study. The survey method was used to collect the data, and the related survey was applied to the employees of the telecommunication companies in Iraq. As a result of the analysis, it has been determined that cultural diversity management increases organizational performance with a strong effect coefficient. It has been determined that all components of cultural diversity such as color blindness, justice, equal access, cultural integration and learning have a significant impact on organizational performance. In particular, it can be said that organizations with culturally different workforces have a managerial contribution to the scope of the research, considering cultural diversity while determining their strategies. In addition, it should be ensured that the improvement of organizational performance is better understood and that the factors affecting organizational performance are clearly known by the employees. As a result of an organization’s ability to effectively manage its culturally diverse workforce, it will be possible to satisfy a multicultural market and be preferred by multicultural customers. The fact that the research was carried out in a single sector can be expressed as a constraint. Keywords:

82-95

Authors: Shalala RAMAZANOVA

Anton Pavlovich Chekhov is a world famous Russian play and short story writer and one of the greatest writers in history. The article reviews one of the most famous Chekhov’s stories “Ward № 6”. The article describes the method of analysis of the text taking into account the internal dynamics of the construction of statements and their inclusion in the chain of communication in the practice of interactive teaching Turkish students of the Russian language in an extralinguistic environment. The text of Chekhov’s story “Ward № 6” is considered as an appeal to the reader and a message to the addressee from whom a response is expected in the form of assessment, criticism, sympathy or objection. Three types of utterances constructing the text are studied and analyzed: author monologue speech, direct speech of the characters and their dialogs. The individuality of the speech subject, that is the author of the story, his style, worldview, the idea of the work as well as various forms of transferring the speech of the characters in relation to the author's speech is revealed. The role of the landscape sketch is analyzed as a reference to the time of year, month, time of day, weather, scene of action, from which the description of the development of the story’s plot begins as well as a marker of the emotional state of the character. Analysis of the text of Chekho’s story “Ward № 6” was made with Turkish students as part of an interactive teaching of Russian as a foreign language in comparative literature. Analysis of the text including the difficulties of perceiving a foreign language text allows to conclude that the strategy of reading and understanding Russian literature texts involves a conscious approach to those speech means that are used by the writer in the process of compiling the text as a complex statement that poses essential questions to readers, to which each of them will have to find their own individual answer.

108-123

Authors: Nursena YAŞAR, Hayati AKTAŞ

War and peace continue to be popular as subjects of interest since ancient times. There is no consensus on the nature and scope of war, which is perhaps the most complex and variable phenomenon in human history. Although the definition of war takes place in other disciplines, it is one of the main discussion topics of the International Relations discipline. In addition to the conviction that the structure of the international order, which is most respected, is decisive in resorting to and administering war; Examining the social structure as a variable makes it easier for us to understand the war. War has a functional place in power acquisition, it is an extension of social and international power distribution and conflict of interest. War is of vital importance for the definition of the system in which the states, which are described as the main actors, are included and the sharpness of their borders. War is such an intertwined reality in the discipline of International Relations that it can almost be associated with the birth of the discipline. Wars take place on the ground formed by the international relations system. The state uses war as a tool to legitimize its own existence. For this reason, first of all, in this study, it was examined how the phenomenon of war in International Relations took place in the literature and how it reinforced the legitimacy of the state. In the study, besides the literature review on war, how the modern state phenomenon was formed by wars was analyzed through the religious wars leading to the 1648 Westphalia peace.

143-155

Authors: Leyla DERVİŞ

The main purpose of this study is to create a list of studies that have been carried out so far on the history of The Yenisei Kyrgyz people and provide researchers with the opportunity to make use of these studies. Although there are some bibliographic attempts about Kyrgyz history in Turkey, no such independent study has been conducted on the Yenisei Kyrgyz people. To avoid confusion, research covering the close history of Khakassia and Southern Siberia was kept out of the scope of this study. It cannot be argued that the history of The Yenisei Kyrgyz people, one of the oldest Turkic peoples, has been adequately investigated with all its aspects until now. While existing studies contain highly original information, they are very limited in numbers. Therefore, in this study, to encourage new research about The Yenisei Kyrgyz people, who have a significant place in Turkic history, and pave the way for researchers who intend to work on this topic as much as we can, a review of studies conducted in Turkey was carried out, and a bibliographic list of these studies was created. While continuing our work of collecting materials relevant to the topic, we noticed the absence of a comprehensive study on this Turkic people in Turkey. Although important scientific studies had been carried out, especially in recent years and albeit in low numbers, about The Yenisei Kyrgyz people in Turkey, it was a significant dearth that a comprehensive bibliographic study had not been performed. This study includes a general review of studies that have been conducted so far about the topic and a list of all relevant published articles. This way, it will be possible for researchers who are interested in the topic to easily access publications that are collected as a whole. Another purpose of the study was to determine the issues that are more prevalently researched or those that are not adequately covered about Yenisei Kyrgyz history. For example, it was revealed that it would be useful to investigate different aspects of the Yenisei Kyrgyz Khanate and the traces it has left in depth, and it is needed to also conduct comparative studies on the relationships of The Yenisei Kyrgyz people with Western Turks. We would like to note that despite our care and attention during our research, some research published in Turkey about the history of The Yenisei Kyrgyz people may have gone unnoticed by us.

167-176

Authors: Otahon MATYOKUBOV

This article was written by the international juries of Intangible Cultural Heritage at the meeting held by UNESCO on December 16, 2021, due to the addition of "The Art of Bakhshi" to the current list. Before discussing our work, I wanted to contribute to this branch of art in an artistic sense, as well as to contribute to our written source with a different work by putting all these into writing. In addition to this, the art of gardening and its history are presented by examining the semantic and etymological origins of terms such as bakhshi ozan, ashik, akkin, cirav, kalfa. The fact that the epic has the extraordinary power to rule or calm people is told by a true story experienced by Bala bakhshi Kurbannazar Abdullayev. Apart from that, during the Soviet Union period, the intellectuals such as writers, poets and teachers in the Central Asian lands were punished by exiling them for their new ideas and the ability to manage people's subconscious quickly. At this stage, there are cases where many people such as Ahmet bakhshi Matnazar oglu, Haci Khan Baltayev and his brother Nurmuhammed Baltayev, Mangıtlı Baba Can-Böcan bala, and Toğay bakhshi Mahmanov, the father of Şamurat bahşı who has the title of People's Bahsı of Uzbekistan, end their lives in prisons due to exile or false slander. In the period of the independent Republic of Uzbekistan, which broke away from the Soviet Union, the interest in epic and the interest shown in it, the publics established to develop the art of epic, the opening of specialized schools for young children who want to continue their ancestors' talents, and universities and higher education institutions for those who want to become professionals in this field. The contributions to our various arts, such as the orders given by the President to reward the artists and the process of its implementation, are briefly mentioned.

189-205

Authors: Ahmet Şükrü SOMUNCU

Ashik Murat Çobanoğlu of Kars, one of the significant representatives of the “Anatolian Ashik (Minstrel) Tradition” in the last era, is the subject of this study. The position of Ashik Murat Çobanoğlu in the ashik tradition was revealed, and a review was made within the framework of ashik literature. When considering ashiks who are an important voice and representative of the society, it is necessary to make evaluations about the society in question. In this context, Goldman's structural constructivist method, which focuses on the relationship between society and artifacts, was preferred in this study. Within the framework of this method, first of all, the structural elements in Çobanoğlu's poems were emphasized in the heading of “understanding stage”. Under the heading of “Disclosure stage”, important information about the Kars region was interpreted by associating it with the ashik tradition. In this section, information about Çobanoğlu's life is introduced, and a general picture is drawn about the sphere in which the ashik grew up. When it comes to the ashik tradition of the Kars region, the first element that comes to mind is “Çobanoğlu Ashiks Coffee”. Information about Ashik Murat Çobanoğlu and the “Çobanoğlu Ashiks Coffee”, which has a significant impact on the ashik tradition in the region, was introduced, and evaluations were made. Later, the topics that Çobanoğlu covered in his poems were determined, and examples of these topics were introduced. It was determined that topics such as economics, agriculture, nature, and living things, history, and geography were usually covered in the poems. National issues and social criticism also attract attention in Çobanoğlu's poems. As a result of the review, a number of features belonging to the Kars region and traces of its culture were found in the poems. Historical issues, geographical and physical characteristics, reflections of the social structure are seen in the poems of Çobanoğlu. Ashik Murat Çobanoğlu of Kars is brought to the attention of the scientific world once again by using the structural constructivist method, and the main purpose of this study is to suggest a new interpretation about the ashik and to make a contribution to the studies of poetries of the ashik.

232-256

Authors: Kasım KOCAMAN

Higher religious education in Turkey is implemented by the faculties of Theology/Islamic Sciences. The count of these faculties exceeds 100, and the number of students exceeds 124 thousand. Educational institutions are under the influence of their internal and external stakeholders. Their achievement depends on meeting the expectations and needs of their stakeholders. One of the most important internal stakeholders of educational institutions is students. The opinions of students are a substantial source of data in the determination and analysis of the current state of institutions and the preparation of strategic plans for the future. In this context, it was aimed to determine and evaluate the internal and external factors affecting the faculty with SWOT analysis, which is one of the most basic methods used in the current situation analysis, in accordance with the opinions of the students of the Faculty of Islamic Sciences of Kütahya Dumlupınar University (KDP). To access the data, a semi-structured interview form was used within the scope of the qualitative research model. The obtained findings were subjected to content analysis. The results were discussed in the context of scientific research in the field, and some recommendations were put forward. Some conclusions were reached about the strengths and weaknesses of the KDP Faculty of Islamic Sciences, as well as the facilities and threats it carries. Student opinions about the strengths of the faculty are concentrated on the fact that the faculty building is new and versatile, the quality of the teaching staff, the provision of single-gender education, the availability of a preparatory class and art workshops. As for the weaknesses of the faculty, the themes related to the high number of courses, overcrowding classrooms, excessive student quota, lack of the sufficient number of teaching staff in their own fields, remoteness of physical location, and the curriculum came to the fore. The themes of healthy and efficient teacher-student communication, having exchange programs, organizing social events, and having wide job opportunities after graduation were highlighted in the category of faculty opportunities. It was observed that the opinions of the students about the issues that they perceive as a threat are collected more on themes such as reduced job opportunities due to the excess number of current and graduate students, and reduced quality of education due to the excess number of students.