Journal of Social and Technological Development

5

Authors: Tsotne Zhghenti

The paper aims to review the digital evolution process in the Georgian economy and to evaluate potential gaps relative to other countries. Digital evolution is a multidimensional concept, therefore to underline the key sectors where the digital divide is substantial between the developed world and Georgia is essential for further, more specific research. The research’s major expected outcome serves to fill the local academic literature gap related to digital development’s role in the digital economy, therefore it can be a basis for upcoming research in this field in Georgia. This approach can be also used for other developing countries which are transforming to digital economies. It is answering the specific questions: Is there a digital gap between Georgia and other economies? And, which digital sectors are the most or least developed? Digital development is influenced by several factors. The research uses digital evolution indices to measure digital evolution in different sectors from demand conditions to institutional ecosystems.

6

Authors: Nikša Grgurević, Saša Mitrić

In all areas of society, it is necessary to actively and continuously act on unique (constitutive) rules that apply equally to all and perform non-selective and unprivileged regulation, coordination, organization and limitation of human behavior. These are institutions that can best present their functions. Economics has clearly shown how the real (and even virtual) economic reality works in principle and determined that the role of institutions in society and economy is not only necessary and unavoidable, but also a priority, as a metabasis and meta-mechanism. This paper presents a study of the impact of constitutional (political) rules, economic rules and contracts on the construction of socio-cultural capital. The aim of the research is to prove that all development models that have ignored institutions have proved unsustainable. The constitution has the role of preventing arbitrariness, ie “rule without rules”.

9

Authors: Manja Djuric Dzakic

The aim of this paper is to get acquainted with the process of integration of Bosnia and Herzegovina into the European Union. On May 26, 1999, the Commission presented a proposal to initiate the so-called Stabilization and Association Process. This was approved at the meeting of the Council of the European Union in Luxembourg on June 21, 1999. The Stabilization and Association Process was formalized at the Zagreb Summit in 2000, at which the Union reaffirmed its desire to contribute to the consolidation of democracy and to give decisive support to the process of reconciliation and cooperation between the countries of the Western Balkans. The term Western Balkans is political and is used to distinguish this group of countries from previous ones that have already established relations with the European Union. Methods of analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, abstraction, description, compilation and content analysis were used in the research. The research shows that Bosnia and Herzegovina still does not sufficiently meet the criteria relating to the stability of institutions guaranteeing democracy, the rule of law, human rights and respect for and protection of minorities, set by the Copenhagen European Council in 1993. Bosnia and Herzegovina must align its constitutional framework with European standards and ensure the functionality of its institutions in order to be able to take on the Union’s obligations. In this regard, it is necessary to reform the institutions so that they can effectively participate in decisionmaking at EU level and implement and enforce the acquis.

10

Authors: Snežana Samardžić, Spasenija Ćeranić

It is the fact that sexual deviations and delicts are present in all cultures and within all peoples during the whole history of mankind and this have always caused the attention of theoreticians in their quest for its roots. Having on mind this fact, we have analysed the family dynamics during early childhood of sexual delinquents through the search for the differences in perceived parental acceptance or rejection, family affective attachment and accepted script injunctions – in relation to healthy examinees. The research is based on sample of 42 examinees categorised in two groups: a group of sexual delinquents and a group of examinees from general population without psychological disorder diagnosis. The analyses of perceived index of parental acceptance is carried out by Rohner PAR-Q questionnaire, for the determination of affective attachment patterns we use modified Brennan questionnaire for the estimation of family affective attachment, while level and the nature of acquired script injunctions have been asnalysed by the Scale of script injunctions. The results show that there are statistically significant differences between the two groups regarding dominating patterns of family affective attachment with more dominant insecure attachment in the group of sexual offenders. Too, one of the characteristics of this group is above average exposure to the existence injunction, value injunction, Don`t be a child injunction, and health injunction, while differences regarding perceived index of parental acceptance/rejection are not statistically significant.

11

Authors: Rudolf Pástor, Gabriela Mezeiová, Anna Krivjanska

We understand circular economy as an economic system that aims to eliminate waste throughout an entire value chain – including manufacturing, production and use. Circular economy is also a way of rethinking our approach to waste and to every single stage of a products´ life cycle. Slovakia has been challenged recently to keep up with the changes the automotive industry is undergoing, including the green and digital transformation. The automotive industry producers have to accelerate innovations based on the required transition towards circular economy, an alternative to the unsustainable linear model of economy. The paper focuses on the principles of circular economy, demonstrated by the example of the Slovak automotive industry. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the current state of use of circular economy aspects in the automotive industry in Slovakia. We found out practical approaches of circular economy incorporated by Slovak automotive producers. In context of circular economy, Slovakia perceives prospective transition to automotive electrics industry, the introduction of new progressive technologies and sophisticated production.

13

Authors: Sandra Pajic Savija

The principle of separation of powers is one of the basic pillars of the rule of law, and its essence is to prevent abuse of power because the division of power does not exclude the possibility of intertwining competencies of different holders of state power. Precisely because of this, no matter in what form the division of power is realized, conflicts between different holders of power and encroachment on the competence of other holders of power are inevitable. Disputes about conflicts of jurisdiction arise under the influence of various factors, the most important of which is certainly the form of state organization, ie the degree of territorial decentralization and the way in which the division of power at the vertical level was achieved. Any form of decentralization, be it federal units, territorial autonomy or local self-government units, is necessarily a source of potential conflicts between central and non-central government. Therefore, the basic issue that arises in any form of decentralized state, and especially the federal one, is precisely the issue of the relationship between central and noncentral government. The paper pays special attention to Bosnia and Herzegovina, ie the issue of distribution of competencies as a factor of competition disputes and the role of the Constitutional Court in resolving these disputes and establishing clear boundaries between different holders of state power in the vertical.

7

Authors: Milan Dajić

The subject of this paper is the use of the Internet for business operations. The relevance of this topic stems from the fact that in the new digital era, the opportunities and advantages of e-business and e-commerce make a significant potential that should be used in the best and most efficient way. The aim of the paper is to point out the advantages of the Internet for business on the one hand, which saves time, and on the other hand, money. But this kind of business via the Internet also has a serious obstacle to the revival of online shopping because it represents insufficient security of online transactions. People are still reluctant to decide to send their credit card number over a network or website. Our people in Serbia, especially in Kosovo and Metohija, are especially specific in their propensity for information technologies and trust in internet business. The hypothesis of the work is that the COVID-19 pandemic changed the behavior of consumers and companies in such a way that most of them switched to internet business. Auxiliary hypotheses are that the Internet market is one of the world’s largest emerging markets and another auxiliary hypothesis is that if there is a quality offer, users can easily decide to buy online because it involves more choice, simple comparison of prices between multiple sellers and delivery service. house doors, which means time savings. However, it is realistic to expect that this problem will be overcome in the near future, as technology in this area is advancing very quickly. The first question, which is asked when performing transactions, is the issue of trust in those with whom the business is done. In electronic transactions, business takes place between two or more parties, which are physically separated. What those who offer products and services must provide is the trust of customers and users of services. The paper will apply General scientific methods: analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, comparative method, statistical, historical method, and other methods immanent to the social sciences.

8

Authors: Branka Zolak Poljašević, Dragana Došenović, Marija Todorović

Job satisfaction is positive emotional state, which is result of evaluation of some work experience. It is a multidisciplinary phenomenon, which is influenced by multiple internal and external factors. In this paper, employee satisfaction or job satisfaction was observed as a dependent variable, while interpersonal relationships are defined as influencing factor, i.e. independent variable. Interpersonal relationships imply establishment of social relations and connections between individuals at work. Interpersonal relationships can be defined as the subjective experience of employee in interaction or connection with another person (colleagues or superiors). Factors such as gender, age, education, work experience and job position are included in the analysis as control variables. Main hypothesis in this paper states that positive interpersonal relationships have impact on employee satisfaction. The independent variable is divided into three segments, namely: communication and work climate, relationship with superiors and relationship with colleagues. Each segment of interpersonal relationships was separately tested in relation to the dependent variable. The base of this paper is an empirical research conducted in 2019. Based on the survey questionnaire, data from 143 employees in the surveyed company were collected. Data processing was performed on the basis of statistical software for social sciences-SPSS. Descriptive and correlation analysis were applied in the data analysis. All hypotheses tested were confirmed. Testing the hypotheses confirm that there is a statistically significant relationship between observed variables and that there is a moderate positive correlation, which implies that interpersonal relationship is a factor of job satisfaction. Main limitation of this research relates to the observation of relationship between variables in a single business entity. However, the coverage of all employees in the conducted research and the high response rate of employees (82%) provide a good basis for data analysis and giving some general conclusions. Detailed description of research methodology enables its repetition in other organizations.

9

Authors: Jefto Džino, Branko Latinović, Živan Đuračković, Stefan Džino

The development of business intelligence tools is gaining a new dimension every day, and this is an area of dynamic development. The importance of this paper is to select the tool that represents the best solution for the given needs in public administration. A multi-stage, broad-based survey with clear selection criteria leads to the choice of three tools. Criteria for tool evaluation were set, virtual machines were created, tests and analyzes were performed. The evaluations carried out give the choice of the most accepTable business intelligence tool for use and interoperability in public administration.

11

Authors: Đorđe Vuković

Cultures of remembrance that are officially affirmed by national elites in the Western Balkan countries, that is in the former Yugoslavia, are a source of ongoing conflict. Various collective memories and mutually antagonized interpretations of the past, show that Croats, Serbs, Bosnians, Macedonians, Montenegrins and others who lived together for centuries and decades within a single state, after all interpret and remember their common history in completely different ways. Their social narratives about the past and dominant cultures of memory are predominantly selective, one-sided, intolerant, exclusive. After a long time, they lived together members of different ethnic, religious and national backgrounds and their historically unfinished and unsuccessful attempt to form a common Yugoslav culture and unique Yugoslav identity, a difficult civil war occurred, ethno-nationalism escalated, and people who were very close and very similar to one another, tried to create as much difference and distance between themselves through violence. All national communities that participated in the wars of the 1990s, emphasized defending national culture as one of their main tasks. The warring parties sought to destroy everything that reminded them that different people, their neighbors and friends of a different religion were living there. Today, three decades after these conflicts, they are still prisoners of their attitude to history. The culture nevertheless brings them together and inspires them to understand themselves more and to cooperate better.

15

Authors: Ljubinka Lazić

The work deals with the issue of protecting the interests of the child in the process of institutional care through the implementation of the principle of “best interests of the child” in the social welfare centers. The intention of the paper was to, through a qualitative analysis, analyze the cases of placement of children in a social care institution as well as the measures and procedures that are implemented in social protection in these cases. The research was conducted by collecting and analyzing files at the Derventa Center for Social Work. The paper presents a descriptive analysis of the characteristics of cases of separation of 26 children from 14 families in a period of ten years (2010-2020), and the intervention of guardianship institution. The results pointed to conclusion that the children were separated from the reason of the existence of a threat by family situation, and that the adoption of this decision was preceded by a series of extensive professional procedures and interventions. Finally, the importance of the assessment of guardianship center professionals by the principle of “best interests of the child” was emphasized, as emphasized the need to improve the child protection system without adequate parental care in forms of personnel changes, systemic cooperation, development of deinstitutionalized child care and improving the system of family support.