Scientific Horizons

7-11

Authors: Bogdan Sheludchenko, Yaroslav Yarosh, Andrii Zabrodskyi, Andriy Kondratiuk, Victor Biletskiy, Oleh Pluzhnikov

Increasing the levels of operational reliability of technical means of modern production involves, in particular, the optimization of the deformation parameters of individual components of these tools. The main deformation-operational feature of such structures as elastic shells of the pneumatic periphery of mobile vehicles, and individual links of long-link cargo chains is a stochastic change of their shape in contact with the deformed environment. The basis for the optimization of the operational reliability of deformed thin-walled circuits of such structures under power load is to determine the ratios of their geometric parameters, in which the process of deformation under load does not transform their initial shape from “folded” (out-of-bounds) state to “foldless” state toroidal surfaces, which should be described using the Cassini family of ovals. Based on the established regularities of changing the configuration of the meridian of soft elastic shell and flat closed structures, which are deformed by external loads, three main conditions of using model typical contours of Cassini ovals as graph-analytical models of elastic shells of pneumatic mobile periphery chains. These conditions of graph-analytical modelling include: closedness and continuity of the curvature of the toroidal surface; generalization of the initial shape of the surfaces of toroidal contours; reduction of variable geometric shapes of contours to a single generalized equation. The results of the given grapho-analytical researches allow to define design structural and geometrical parameters of tires of engines of mobile means and separate links of cargo chains with the increased operational indicators of reliability of their work

12-20

Authors: Olena Vasylyshуna

Cherry fruits have a short shelf life due to the period of their storage. Therefore, to extend it, a search for new storage technologies is underway. The purpose of the research carried out during 2016-2019 at the experimental pomology station named after L.P. Simirenko IS NAAN, was the determination of the organoleptic and physical characteristics of fresh cherry fruits before and after storage when processed with polysaccharide compositions. Studies have shown that the weight of cherry varieties Zhadana, Chance, Optimist and In Memoriam Artemenko are large, their weight ranges from 5.2 to 4.8 g. The color of cherry fruits, experimental varieties, determined by the light transmittance did not indicate a significant difference within the variety. The sugar-acid index of cherry fruits prevailed in cherry fruits of Elegant and Alpha varieties, taking values above 5. Cherry fruits had a good organoleptic evaluation. Among all the experimental varieties, the fruits of the Elegant cherry variety were distinguished by their excellent tasting evaluation, appearance and gloss. According to the studied physical and organoleptic parameters and the cluster analysis, the Griot Podbelsky variety (control) was more universal. According to the group of indicators, the fruits of cherry varieties: Alpha, Optimist and Zhadana differed from Elegant and Chance. The smallest changes, compared to the control, in the fruits of cherries varieties Alpha and Optimist. After storage of cherry fruits treated with chitosan with salicylic acid compared to untreated fruits, the taste of the fruit did not deteriorate. Fruits treated with a solution of salicylic acid with chitosan or sodium alginate had an excellent tasting score. The prospect of further research is to establish the effect of polysaccharide compositions based on chitosan and sodium alginate and organoleptic characteristics of cherries of different varieties after storage

21-29

Authors: Аnatolii Shevchenko, Diana Feshchenko, Oksana Zghozinska, Roman Sachuk, Yaroslav Stravsky, Inna Chala

Indicators of physical and chemical composition of raw milk determine the safety and quality of products of its processing (cheese, butter, sour milk drinks). Cow udder hygiene is a guarantee of animal health and one of the most important factors in obtaining high-quality milk. The purpose of the study was to analyze the quality of raw milk in farms in the western region of Ukraine, as well as to determine the impact of dipping procedures using Forticept® Udder Wash (predipping) and Forticept® Udder Forte (dipping) on the quality of milk. In the course of the study, the generally accepted methods of physicochemical and bacteriological research of milk were used. In dairy complexes, where modern hygienically sound milk production technology has been introduced, mastitis affected no more than 9.5% of the herd. At the same time, in other farms with an imperfect industrial scheme, breast pathologies covered 57–80% of the herd. Also, according to authors’ data, the subclinical form of mastitis caused a decrease in milk production to 30 liters per month from one cow. Furthermore, the disease significantly affected the chemical composition, physical and microbiological parameters of milk. In livestock affected by mastitis, the average fat content of milk decreased to 3.17±0.05%, protein content – 2.93±0.12%, casein – 2.53±0.17%. In contrast, the number of somatic cells increased to 769.3±57.34 thousand/cm3. In the experiment, the therapeutic effect of the applied dipping with Forticept® solutions in the subclinical form of mastitis was 50%. The preventive effect almost reached a maximum – 96%. In fact, the procedure of dipping hygiene of the udder, regardless of the classic or innovative formula of the chosen remedy, significantly reduced the number of cases of hyperkeratosis and prevented the emergence of new ones. The number of udder nipple with pathological changes during the month of dipping decreased by 25%. Intensive udder hygiene also led to an increase in milk fat content (from 13.7 to 17.8%), protein (from 7.3 to 11.9%, P≤0.05) and lactose (from 6.1, P≤0.05 to 2.5%). Moreover, there were a decrease the number of somatic cells to grade milk of high quality (129.76±30.88 thousand/cm3, P≤0.05). Therefore, treatment of the udder by dipping procedures using antiseptic solutions Forticept® prevents cows from mastitis and hyperkeratosis, improves the chemical and bacteriological parameters of milk. In the future, test studies of Forticept® drugs for the use of small cattle are planned

38-45

Authors: Viktoriya Levytska, Andrii Mushynskyi, Andrii Berezovskyi

Ixodes ricinus is the most common tick in Europe, distributed almost throughout the continent, except the northern regions. Dermacentor reticulatus is a widespread species of tick in Europe and Western Asia. The study included monitoring the distribution density and seasonal activity of ticks D. reticulatus and I. ricinus in the natural environment during 2018-2019. A total of 1592 D. reticulatus ticks and 712 I. ricinus ticks were collected in Ternopil, Ivano-Frankivsk and Lviv oblasts. There was a tendency to increasing of the number of ticks of both species in 2019 compared to 2018. The largest number of ticks was collected in autumn 2019, during the autumn peak of activity, which amounted to 710 adult ticks. Thus, the average density of ticks of both species collected in the Ternopil region was 40 ticks/1000 m2, in Ivano-Frankivsk – 32 and 45 in Lviv regions in 2018 and 62, 46 and 63 ticks/1000 m2 in 2019, respectively. In the spring of 2018, almost twice as many adult ticks of D. reticulatus were detected as in the fall in all areas. With regard to I. ricinus ticks, we did not observe a statistically significant difference in seasonal activity. In the spring and autumn, two peaks of ticks’ activity were registered in all regions and the average number of ticks in the spring in the meadows was 20 ticks/1000 m2, and on the wooded area – 39 ticks/1000 m2, and in autumn – 17 and 41 ticks/1000 m2 respectively. During both years and in all three oblasts, females prevailed over males during all the period. Although the density of ticks of both species in all areas was quite high, but the ticks were unevenly distributed. The largest number of D. reticulatus ticks was found in the Lviv region in 2019, which ranged from 46 to 119 ticks/1000 m2. Low and medium density of adult ticks D. reticulatus and I. ricinus, from 11 to 77 ticks/1000 m2 was observed in Ivano-Frankivsk region in 2018. Throughout the study period, the seasonal activity of D. reticulatus and I. ricinus ticks was significantly affected by air temperature, which fluctuated during collection of ticks

57-67

Authors: Natalia Maslii, Maryna Demianchuk, Yulia Zhadanova

The article reflects the results of integrated study about providing balanced consumption and production. It is established that to achieve sustainable economic development one of the most promising areas is to develop a mechanism for balanced consumption and production, which is based on the resource approach and the model of intersectoral balance and is an extremely complex task that requires a systematic approach and generalization of economic, social, human and environmental development in the long run, has general scientific and methodological significance and requires further research. The paper reflects the structural and logical scheme of the studying process the terminology of the balanced consumption and production in Ukraine, which takes into account globalization, information and digital transformations. The article analyzes endowment of the natural resources in the world and proves the expediency of developing a mechanism for ensuring balanced consumption and production in Ukraine. The main goals and objectives for ensuring the transition to models of balanced consumption and production in accordance with the regulatory and legal support of Ukraine. A comparative analysis of balanced consumption and production models was carried out, grouping the said models according to main characteristics. A mechanism has been developed to ensure a system of balanced consumption and production, the main principle of which is the integration of environmental, economic and social aspects of the use of natural resources, which is one of the provisions of the basic organisation of "green economy". It is substantiated that the main purpose of the mechanism developed in this study is to improve the system of natural resources management in the national economy by determining the level of balance between consumption and production by assessing economic, environmental and social indicators followed by the development of supportive or transformational policies