Scientific Horizons

7-13

Authors: L. Horalsky, I. Sokulskii, O. Kovalchuk, I. Horalska

This paper deals with the comparative characteristics of macro and macro microscopic structure of the pancreas in clinically healthy adults dogs and cats. Anatomical, histological, morphometric and statistical methods of research. The pancreas is the second largest gland of the digestive system. Her the exocrine portion provides adequate digestion. Endocrine part – regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. This is a big chubby parenchymal organ with complex tubular-alveolar structure. Stroma the pancreas of the test animals consists of a capsule, interparticular, inter-medial connective tissue section. The analysis of organometric studies shows that it is absolute and relative the weight of the pancreas in dogs is 29.90±2.80 g and 0.21±0.02%, in cats, respectively – 8.96±0.98 g and 0.38±0.06%. Bet length and width left, middle, right pancreas in pubescent dogs respectively equal to 35.11±1.45; 3.63±0.22; 2.82±0.24; 2.64±0.21 cm. In cats such parameters are respectively 16.18±0.97; 1.35±0.17; 1.08±0.08; 0.97±0.09 cm. The microscopic structure of the pancreas of dogs and cats occupies the main part of the exocrine (98.56±0.06% in dogs and 97.88±0.05% in cats) and the rest endocrine (1.44±0.06% and 2.12±0.05 %) parenchyma of the software, respectively. Her the structural unit is acinuses, which are tightly spaced and not defined orientation. Cells of acini are mainly pyramidal in shape. Nuclei pancreatocytes are rounded with distinct large nuclei. Endocrine pancreatic function is performed by the islands of Langerhans, which do not have of their own capsule, so they are separated from the acini by only a small layer reticular tissue. Morphometric studies have shown that the area is exocrine parts of the pancreas in dogs per unit (approx. 16, vol. 8) is 445044±312.81 μm2 (98.56±0.06 %). Cats have this figure significantly (Р<0.05) decreases and accordingly equals 431825±144.18 μm2 (97.88±0.05%). The endocrine part of the parenchyma of the gland in dogs occupies 6559.80±311.44 µm or 1.44±0.06% per unit area (approx. 16, vol. 8), and in cats, respectively – 6894.87±312.12 μm or 2.12±0.05%. The acinuses are mainly rounded in dogs and elongated in cats and occupy the bulk of the parenchyma of the organ. Their diameter is in dogs is 36.60±0.12 μm, in cats – 28.11±0.11 μm. The islands of Langerhans are often rounded in diameter dogs is 58.08±5.79 μm, which is 1.21 times less than cats (70.20±2.48 μm)

19-25

Authors: O. Vasenko, I. Zinchenko, K. Tsytlishvili, V. Bikasov

Today the environmental problem of modern society is the rapid contamination of water resources around the world for pharmaceutical products, including antibiotics. According to the University of York (UK), contamination with antibiotics had covered two-thirds of the waterways of the planet. It was established experimentally that 90 % of antibiotics are applied into the surrounding environment: soil and water. Residues of medical drugs fall into rivers via human waste and animals and through the treatment plant, including pharmaceutical companies. On the other hand, under the influence of antibiotics can significantly change the biocenosis of water bodies. And bacteria gradually become immune to the effects of antibiotics. Therefore, the Ukrainian research Institute of ecological problems in cooperation with the National scientific center Kharkiv Institute of physics and technology experimental studies aimed at inactivation of bactericidal properties of antibiotic solution during processing ozone-air mixture. The study assessed the effectiveness of inactivation of antibiotic ciprofloxacin hydrochloride by methods related to deep oxidation AOPs technologies (Advanced Oxidation Processes) on the basis of combinations of ozonation, UV irradiation, treatment with hydrogen peroxide. Shown the prospects of using ozonation and O3/UV and O3/UV/H2O2 to reduce the toxic effect of the antibiotic residues of ciprofloxacin relative to the test object E. coli in the aquatic environment. Found that ozonation of activated sludge treated with ciprofloxacin, reduces the toxic effect of the antibiotic and promotes the enzymatic activity of the biocenosis of activated sludge

32-39

Authors: V. Moldovan, Zh. Moldovan, S. Sobchuk

The proposal to agricultural producers of new soybean varieties necessitates their adaptation to certain soil and climatic conditions of cultivation and improvement of certain technological elements (sowing dates, seeding rates, etc.), which will ensure their high productivity and maximum realization of genetic potential. According to the results of our research, it was found that in all varieties the increase in sowing rate to 900 thousand similar seeds caused an increase in the height of attachment of the lower bean, on average, by 1.0-6.8 cm, while its decrease to 500 thousand similar seeds led to a decrease in this indicator by 0.9-5.7 cm for all sowing dates. During the whole research period, soybean varieties, depending on sowing dates and sowing rates, formed different numbers of beans: Diadema of Podillya – 23-33 un., KiVin – 26-44 un., Knyazhna – 21-29 un., Khutoryanochka – 23-32 un., Triada – 28-38 un. However, in soybean varieties Diadema Podillya and Khutoryanochka there was no significant difference in the number of beans at different sowing dates, while in varieties KiVin and Triada the largest number of beans was formed in the early, the smallest – in the late sowing period. In the Knyazhna variety, the largest number of beans was formed during the early sowing period, while during the optimal and late sowing period, the deviations were insignificant. The increase in the sowing rate to 900 thousand similar seeds caused a decrease in the number of beans in the variety Knyazhna – by 3-4 un., in the varieties Diadema Podillya and Khutoryanochka, respectively, by 5-9 un. and 6-9 un., in the Triada variety – by 8-10 un., while in the KiVin variety – by 13-14 un. compared with the sowing rate of 500 thousand similar seeds. The shift of sowing dates to earlier caused an increase in the weight of 1000 seeds depending on the sowing rate in varieties KiVin – by 4.4-6.5% and Triada – by 0.9-9.7% and its decrease in varieties Diadema Podillya, Knyazhna and Khutoryanochka by 0.8-1.5%, 2.0-4.7% and 2.0-3.4%, respectively. Sowing at a later date reduced the weight of 1000 seeds in varieties Diadema Podillya – by 0.8-6.6% and Triada – by 3.4-7.2%, while in varieties KiVin and Khutoryanochka deviation of this indicator was insignificant compared to the optimal sowing date. All studied soybean varieties with an increase in sowing rate from 500 to 900 thousand similar seeds reduced the weight of 1000 seeds, on average, by 0.5-13.9% for all sowing dates

45-52

Authors: О. Sydiakina, V. Dvoretskyi

The results of the influence of organo-mineral fertilizer and foliar fertilizing with complex fertilizers on the yield, biochemical and physical indicators of the quality of winter wheat grain of Artemis variety are presented. Experimental investigations were carried out on drained sod-podzolic soil during 2016-2018 in the experimental farm "First of May" Volyn state agricultural experimental station of Institute of potato NAAS of Ukraine. Studies have shown that the main application of mineral fertilizers in the norm N60P60K60, the addition of siderate and the introduction of 10 t/ha of manure provided an increase in grain yield by 1.45 t/ha, straw-by 1.16 t/ha. Significantly higher yield was determined in the variants of foliar fertilizing with complex fertilizers for this background. Due to the latter, 0.62-0.96 t/ha of grain and 0.50-0.77 t/ha of straw were additionally formed. The maximum yield of grain and straw was provided by fertilizing winter wheat crops with organo-mineral fertilizer Organic D2–M. With the improvement of the nutrition background, the protein content of winter wheat grain increased by 0.2-0.3%, and raw gluten – by 0.4-0.6%. There was no significant difference between the fertilizer variants according to these quality indicators. However, it was observed for the conditional yield of protein and raw gluten from a hectare of winter wheat. Due to the higher formed yield, the variants with nonroot fertilizing with complex fertilizers had a significant advantage. And especially organo-mineral complex Organic D2–M. Optimization of the nutrition background contributed to an increase in the mass of 1000 grains from 38 g in the control without fertilizers to 42-45 g for their application. Carrying out non-root top-UPS with complex fertilizers did not affect this physical quality indicator, and the use of the vitamin complex BF–3 in General led to its reduction in comparison with the main application of mineral and organic fertilizers. The nature of grain grown in the fertilized areas of the experiment exceeded this indicator by 1.7-3.0% in the control without fertilization. The smallest effect on the natural weight was determined for carrying out foliar top-UPS with the vitamin complex BF–3. There was no significant difference between other fertilizer options

59-64

Authors: V. Levytska, A. Mushynskyi, A. Berezovskyi

Diseases transmitted by ticks usually have a very complex environment and their prevalence, frequency, seasonality and long-term dynamics are influenced by various factors. The aim of our study was to study the role of rodents in the life cycle of I. ricinus. The research was conducted in the forests of Khmelnytsky, Chernivtsi and Vinnytsia regions. In the forests of the three regions, nine plots measuring 100×100 m were selected. Traps were set for catching rodents in each plot. Caught rodents were examined for the presence of all stages of ticks. It was found that european mouse (Sylvaemus sylvaticus), yellow-breasted mouse (Sylvimus flavicollis) and field mouse (Apodemus agrarius) were found in all three regions. A total of 159 rodents were caught in the experiment. Of these, 34 european mice, 49 yellow-breasted mice, 76 field mice, all were examined for ticks. The most affected was the european mouse, which lives not only in forests, but also in parks and gardens, floodplains and gardens. Ticks larvae were detected in 88.2% of individuals. The average number of larvae detected in the european mouse was 16, which was significantly higher than the average number of larvae in the yellow-breasted mouse, which was 8. The yellow-breasted mouse was also infested with larvae in 73.5%. The field mouse was the least affected, at 61.8%, and the average number of larvae per individual was 4. Larvae and nymphs were mainly attached to the rodent's head, also to the body, and much less to the limbs. In populations of all rodents, a slight lesion predominated in most individuals. A maximum of 29 ticks were found in the european mouse, 18 in the yellow-breasted mouse, and 6 in the field mouse. It was found in the age dynamics that all young rodents were less infested than the older ones. It was also found that the intensity of males is 1.5 times higher than females for all species of rodents. The intensity of the invasion is highest in the summer months (July-August) and decreased slightly in autumn. Studies conducted in three areas allow us to characterize the role of three species of rodents as feeders of the preimaginal stages of development of Ixodid ticks and to note some features of the disease of each species

74-79

Authors: N. Bublienko, O. Semenova, O. Lavryniuk

Pig farms are a significant source of environmental pollution, since their activity is accompanied by the generation of large volumes of concentrated waste and wastewater. Particularly dangerous for the environment are sewage effluents, which are characterized by a high content of contaminants. Therefore, it is urgent to solve the problem of biotechnological utilization of liquid waste of pig farms, which, through the use of biogas, would not only improve the local environmental situation, but would also be economically viable. The purpose of the work is to study modern methods of ecological biotechnology, namely methane fermentation of manure waste from pig farms. This will solve the problem of wastewater disposal, while ensuring the production of a significant amount of biogas and of fermented biomass, which is a fertilizer. The authors determined that the slurry is subjected to continuous methane fermentation at a temperature of 45°C. Methane digestion of the substrate with a moisture content of 96.1; 93.8 and 91.12% were carried out at the dilution rates of 4.2·10-3, 5.0·10-3, 6.3·10-3 h-1 . The amount of biogas synthesized per unit of dry matter loaded (DMloaded) depends largely on concentration and dilution rate. The maximum production of biogas (220 dm3 /kg DMloaded) was recorded at a dilution rate of 4.2·10-3 h-1 . The methane content of biogas was 70-78% depending on the substrate concentration and process conditions, which testifies to its full use as fuel. The pH of the culture fluid ranged from 7.5 to 8.5 and did not require artificial regulation. Reducing the intensity of the process of purification by chemical oxygen demand (COD) has a direct dependence on the substrate moisture and reversed the speed of dilution. The highest purification efficiency (88.92%) was achieved when the substrate was digested with maximum humidity (96.1%) and the lowest dilution rate (4.2·10-3 h-1). The following forms of vitamins of the cobalamin group have been found in fermented biomass: B12 and factor III, which are active forms of the vitamin, and factor B is inactive, with a large number of them. The total content of vitamins largely depends on the characteristics of the substrate (type and concentration of pollutants), fermentation parameters, etc. and ranges from 21.23 to 43.74 mkg/g DM

88-97

Authors: S. Kulman

The trend of digital technology today is moving towards greater transparency, which indicates the growth of more accessible data in the supply chain. The latest technologies are changing the approach of companies to their assets, when the quality and price of goods increases due to improvements through digital capabilities, thus there are products that are improved by data. The effectiveness of the impact on consumers is determined by the advertising evaluation of the products being promoted and the argument in their favor. If the consumer does not find such an assessment and argumentation, then the effectiveness of advertising is significantly reduced. The purpose of the study, the development of a new way to promote goods on the market of advertising products. An advertising offer should radically differ from all the offers of competitors. That is, the uniqueness of the product is manifested to the consumer in the uniqueness of the description of its consumer properties. So the task of developing new ways of advertising product description is to make as detailed a portrait of it as possible. We called it the digitalization of consumer properties of goods. By the digitalization of a product (product), we mean the whole range of physical and mechanical characteristics of the product, which objectively evaluate its consumer qualities. The study presents digitalization processes for a particular class of building and structural materials, namely, wood-based composites. The methods we use are developed and verified in numerous studies based on several fundamental theories of theoretical and experimental physics and chemical kinetics and are protected by patents of Ukraine. The results of the study suggest that the created digital portrait of the studied materials has a unique description of their consumer properties, which creates the appearance of a market novelty product

104-111

Authors: V. Karetin

The necessity of the links geometric parameters change of certain construction circuit of inertia convertor of the moment makes the analytical description overwhelming, therefore it is reasonable to bring the broad range of modifications to the standard model, the generalized description of which is intuitively clear. The objective of the study is to obtain the continuous in time basic kinematic functions of imbalance parameters using the methods of linear algebra and analytical geometry. For this purpose, absolutely fixed Cartesian coordinate system Oxyz is introduced with the axes crossing the point O, which is the crossing of the central axis of the mechanism with the axis OQ for the movable jet wheel z17 and the imbalance drive 16; moreover, the central axis of the mechanism is aligned with the axis Ox, and in the initial moment the axis Oz is aligned with the axis OQ. Imbalance orientation at the initial moment is determined by the angular displacement е relative to the axis QA of the satellite z6 and у relative to the axis OQ of the imbalance drive. As rD = rD(t), then the absolute motion of point D in which the imbalance centre of gravity is situated, is the superposition of three possible motions: rotation around the satellite axis QA with the speed VQA(t) = w6 х AD(t) laying in the initial cone base plane of a satellite z17; rotation around the drive axis OQ with the speed VOQ (t) = w16 х OH (t) which is parallel to the plane xOy and rotation around the central axis of the mechanism Ox with the speed VOx (t) = w1 х OP(t ) which is parallel to the plane yOz of the fixed coordinate system xOyz. Sums of projections of these vectors on the respective axes of the fixed coordinate system determine the projections of the vector VDW (t). By the derivatives of the projection VDW (t), the coordinates of vector aDW (t) of the absolute acceleration of point D are determined. Analytical dependencies in the form of timecontinuous functions are obtained under conditions ω16=ω2 (stop mode) and ω16=ω2=ω1 (dynamic mode). Comparing the projection of components VDxOy(t) , VDyOz(t) , VDxOz (t) and aDxOy (t) aDyOz (t) aDxOz (t) on the planes xOy, yOz, xOz of the fixed coordinate system respectively and the arms of these components relative to the point O makes it possible to further predict the dynamic parameters in random trajectory points (at any moment of time t). An analytical calculation of the module values of linear and angular velocities and accelerations, as well as drawing the corresponding diagrams were made using MathCAD software operators

120-125

Authors: M. Volokha

Given the import of fuel energy and lack of access to foreign sugar markets, the need to revive the sugar beet complex is an important factor determining the production of bioethanol from sugar beets in Ukraine. To stabilize the industry, it is necessary to introduce the production of bioethanol in beet processing plants, identifying priority measures for the development of biofuel production in our country and ways to establish the operation of sugar factories for the production of sugar and biofuels. Physical contamination of the heap of harvested roots, which mainly depends on the technical perfection of the working bodies of beet harvesters, leads to a decrease in the quality of raw sugar, because impurities and severely damaged, including diseases and pests, roots prevent the extraction of sugar, reducing the quality of diffusion juice and increasing the sugar content in the molasses. Known developments when installed on the root harvester additional cleaning and transporting devices complicated its design and overall dimensions. With this in mind, the aim of the study is to improve the quality of cleaning of roots during their excavation by modeling the surface of the cleaner-conveyor of the digging working body. The research was carried out by methods of applied geometry, agricultural mechanics, analysis of variance using the software application MS Excel. Samples of heap of root crops were taken according to the methodology of the Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beets. The most widespread among digging working bodies of modern root-harvesting machines of domestic and foreign production are diggers of disk type due to their ability to crush the soil well with a small amount of its fence, reliability of work on heavy soils and weedy fields and high productivity. In the upper rear part of the disk digging working body there is a beater or a screw auger, to which the roots are fed in a pile with the remnants of a disc cut of soil, buds and weeds. The disadvantage is the low cleaning capacity of the bittering device, which solely by impact overturns a pile of roots, or a screw with a screw winding, when the roots together with plant and soil residues accumulate in the rear area of the auger, which also leads to a decrease in productivity of the technological process of digging and deterioration of cleaning of roots. Experimental field studies of the developed samples of new augers-conveyors of the disk digger established that at work of clearing surfaces with winding in the form of direct and inclined helicoids of a variable step at the increased hardness of soil the quantity of lumps in diameter more than 50 mm essentially decreases as in variants, and in relation to control. Indicators of impurities in the form of green mass and the number of damaged roots at medium soil hardness are the lowest in the case of using an inclined helical auger. The inclined helical auger on soils of the increased hardness also provided decrease in weight of the damaged root crops in comparison with the bither cleaner. Researchers of the Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beets NAAS continue research to develop and improve technologies for growing and harvesting sugar beets in order to improve their productivity and quality of raw materials for processing into bioethanol and biodiesel

136-140

Authors: I. Verbuch, O. Medvid

The aim of the research was to study meat and slaughter indicators, which allow to judge the qualitative characteristics of animal productivity, quantity and quality of final products in bulls of Ukrainian black-spotted dairy breed and crossbreeds F1 1/2 Ukrainian black-spotted and 1/2 Swiss dairy breeds at 18 months of age. The results of scientific and economic experiment on comparative study of meat and butchering slaughter indicators of pure bred young cattle of Ukrainian blackspotted dairy breed and crossbreeds F1 ½ of Ukrainian black-spotted and ½ of Swiss dairy breeds are presented. It was found that the addition of blood of the Swiss breed had a positive effect on the better productivity of local animals in different periods of cultivation in comparison with purebred animals. According to slaughter yield, local bulls outnumbered purebred counterparts by 0.8%. The boning of the diverting weir of the experimental animals made it possible to establish the ratio of pulp, bones, cartilage, tendons and ligaments. In terms of muscle yield, local animals of the experimental group had a significant advantage over control counterparts by 2.8%