Scientific Horizons

19-25

Authors: B. N. Mohapatra, R. K. Mohapatra

In order to understand how to improve the agriculture based production and how to increase crop performance in the right way and to understand the importance of automatization we should require the mechanism and control application. The work with this agricultural environment is very hard because of the weather like rainy season, winter and summer. The development of robot can perform different tasks and easily operate by the operator. It can perform the task like fertilizer or water sprinkler or drilling and seeding seeds. Mainly the agricultural robot has its design and construction. Different controlled law performs different kinematic tasks and should test the working model. The demand and shortage of labour forces particularly in agricultural field based on the automatization of industry for demanding of such agricultural robot or farming robot to perform smart farming. Increasing of global population is creating demand for more amounts of food, as well as agricultural work is also highly dependent on manpower and labour. This paper finds several latest achievements from robots in terms of automatization in farming sector. As majority Indian’s depends on agriculture, so it is very important to design some advanced robots and require reducing of different issues. The researcher has tried to develop the economy of the country through smart farming robots. As it is known, automatisation increases making higher profit, so problems and issues associated with agricultural robot can be overcome with implementation of new mechanism, advanced algorithm and with modern technology in future. With the help of workshop and based on this new robot engine, this robot industry can take this agricultural industry as an ocean in some ways.

34-43

Authors: O. Rusak, T. Palamarchuk

The article provides the discussion of the definitions of the concept ‘territorial marketing’, investigation into the development of domestic agribusiness, as well as analysis of the dynamics of crop production and livestock breeding. Agricultural enterprises are differentiated regionally; and their share in terms of profitability in the total set of business structures in various fields of activity is determined. The aim of the study is to assess and analyze the modern development of agribusiness in the context of the formation of place marketing. It is stated that in recent years certain positive changes have taken place in the country’s agriculture. This trend in the field of agribusiness is ensured not only by farm households, but also by individual peasant farms which have special features that determine their role and increase their value in the current context. Being engaged in specific types of economic activity, each of these types of agricultural organizations does not develop independently. They are members of several communities – manufacturers, consumers, users of machinery, institutions selling the products, veterinary services, obtaining loans, attracting investments, etc. The economic well-being of their activities is traditionally linked to the development of appropriate ‘budget-forming’ business entities. The constant challenges of the modern economy force agribusiness to continuously look for new opportunities to strengthen its position in the market and to introduce modern mechanisms for improving the efficiency in order to reduce the loss rate in the future. In this regard, a mechanism for increasing the economic activity of agricultural organizations is proposed. The mechanism is based on the process of introducing place marketing in rural areas in order to attract investors and realize their goals in time. In particular: it is necessary to analyze the measures offered by different institutions, associations and individuals, to explore and use foreign experience of solving socioeconomic problems of rural areas and economic entities (marketing audit); to identify the needs and opportunities of agribusiness, its development and, accordingly, the territorial community (development of marketing); taking into account the existing priorities, to formulate a long-term and current concept of marketing of rural areas and agricultural organizations.

54-58

Authors: А. Kravchenko

Under conditions of globalization of economic environment, there is a need to develop a mechanism for financial market functioning with the use of digital technologies. The purpose of the study is to build a model of the mechanism of financial market functioning under conditions of society digitalization. In the course of the research we have applied the complex, systemic and cybernetic approaches; abstract-logical and synergetic methods, as well as the methods of modeling, grouping, analysis, etc. The concept of the mechanism of financial market functioning under society digitalization has been investigated and clarified. In particular, the essence of the concept of "mechanism" has been revealed, the definitions of "financial mechanism" and "digitalization" have been specified. It has been substantiated that the financial mechanism is the system of approaches to legal, institutional, statistical, instrumental, information and technology support of financial system. It is noted that digitalization of financial market is the saturation of financial market with digital systems in matter of electronic, information and communication interconnection, as well as the formation and functioning of financial cyberspace. The model of the mechanism of financial market functioning under conditions of society digitalization has been built. It has been established that the mechanism of financial market functioning under conditions of society digitalization is the system of saturating the financial market with digital means of information and communication interconnection, economic and legal relations, as well as a digital form of ensuring the formation and functioning of effective financial cyberspace to meet the needs of the society. A prospective direction for further research will be to build a paradigm for financial market functioning in the context of society digitalization.

74-80

Authors: M. Matusiak

The most sensitive to temperature changes, especially in winter and spring, are annual magnolia shoots, as evidenced by the formation of frost on plants. Therefore, for the successful introduction of magnolia in the temperate climate of Ukraine, it is necessary to select species capable of restructuring their physiological processes in the direction of increasing cold resistance, which will facilitate their adaptation in new conditions. The analysis conducted to determine the features of winter-hardy species of the Magnolia genus in the Vinnitsa conditions shows that not all species of the genus can tolerate the climatic conditions of the region, and especially the winter period. According to the conducted observations, the beginning of shoot growth in the magnolia in the conditions of Vinnitsa is observed during the month of April. In species such as Magnolia kobus D.C., Magnolia obovata Thunb., Magnolia acuminata L., shoot growth begins in the first decade of Аpril. In the second decade of April, the growth of shoots of Magnolia Soulangeanа Soul. begins. In the third decade of April – the first decade of May, shoots begin to grow actively in Magnolia tripetala L. The terms of the end of the growth period and its duration vary greatly and depend on the geographical origin and species-specific features of the species, but, mainly, the magnolias introduced in Vinnitsa, finish their increment in length in the II–III decade of September – Magnolia soulangeanа Soul., Magnolia tripetala L. In the species Magnolia kobus DC, Magnolia obovata Thunb., Magnolia acuminata L. shoot growth ends in the third decade of August and the first decade of September. According to the 7-point Woolf winter hardiness scale, it was found that the highest winter hardiness in the conditions of VNAU biostationary (1 point) is possessed by species such as magnolia (M. obovata Thunb.), Kobus (M. kobus DC) and pointed (M. acuminata L.). Somewhat less winter hardiness is characterized by (2 points) Magnolia Soulange (M. soulangiana Soul.), That is, in winter freezing was less than 50 % of annual shoots, and the damage of annual shoots with low negative temperatures was 3–5 cm. The lowest winter hardiness in biostable conditions UNAU (5 points) is noted magnolia triple (M. tripetala L.), the damage of the plant was up to the level of snow cover (almost 80 % of habitus). Deciduous species of the genus are winter-hardy, but in severe winters, such as Magnolia Sulange (M. soulangiana Soul.), Stellate (M. stellata (Siebold & Zucc.) Maxim.), Flower buds and annual shoots can be damaged. It is also important that with age magnolia increases not only the abundance of flowering, its duration, but also winter hardiness.

90-95

Authors: I. Chala, V. Rusak

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most widely spread non-infectious cats and dogs diseases and in modern times it is reaching epidemic levels. The purpose of the research was to determine enzymes activity, which is a marker of liver’s functional activity: alanine aminotransferase, asparagine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and sorbitol dehydrogenase in cats suffering from diabetes mellitus, and another purpose was to study the dynamics of sorbitol dehydrogenase activity. Two groups of cats aged 5–7 years old (males and females) 10 cats in each group were formed for the research. A control group comprised clinically healthy animals, experimental group comprised animals diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. The results of the research showed that in cats of the experimental group the glucose content was 3.31 times as high as in cats of a control group. Fructosamine characterizes the duration of hyperglycemia and in cats diagnosed with diabetes mellitus its content overshot the control indices by 32 %, that testifies to a long-standing increase in glucose amount. Because of diabetes mellitus, water-salt metabolism is damaged, for instance blood osmolality is increased. The determination of enzymes activity showed that transaminase activity doubled, whereas the alkaline phosphatase activity increased by 25 %. The concentration of total bilirubin increased more than three-fold as compared to the control. The sorbitol dehydrogenase activity in cats diagnosed with diabetes mellitus was in 2.25 times higher as compared to the animals in a control group. The activity of this enzyme, contrary to transaminase activity, is increased during the first days after hepatic dysfunction symptoms. Thus, in cats diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, liver function abnormality is developed which is manifested in activity changes of alanine aminotransferase, asparagine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase in the increase in bilirubin concentration as well as in the increase of sorbitol dehydrogenase activity. This enzyme is a valuable biochemical marker of liver function abnormality on the early stages of pathology development.

106-115

Authors: L. Lunachevskyy, M. Rumіantsev

Yield tables are the basis of regulatory materials for forest fund accounting, design and planning of forestry operations, and implementation of measures to increase forest productivity. Growth modeling of oak stands and construction of yield tables were performed according to generally accepted methods by analyzing the Database of Production Association «Ukrderzhlisproekt». The correlation bonds of the main taxations indexes of artificial oak stands within the territory of the Left-bank Forest-Steppe zone were revealed. The calculated correlation coefficients to select adequate regression models of growth were used. To simulate the growth processes of forest plantations, the Mitcherlich function is used which takes into account the biological features of oak growth. On the basis of presented the mathematical models regional tables of growth of modal and reference plantations artificial oak forest stands of the Left-bank Forest-steppe zone of Ukraine created in conditions of fresh maple-lime oak forest are compiled. The resulting yield tables describe tree stands and their removed parts (due to natural thinning or forest management operations). It is determined that the age of quantitative maturity of the reference artificial oak stands comes earlier (43 years) than of the modal artificial oak stands (48 years). The index of the forest growth potential utilization of forest lands is defined for modal stands of artificial origin in the studied forest area. By comparison with reference artificial oak stands of the Left-bank Forest-steppe zone the importance of indexes of the forest growth potential utilization of forest lands is in the range of 49 % (stands 10 years old) to 83 % (stands 120 years old). The weighted average was 75 %. The resulting yield tables of modal and reference plantations artificial oak forest stands of the Left-bank Forest-steppe zone of Ukraine it is appropriate to apply at the time of the planning of forestry operations (in particular care fellings).

121-126

Authors: S. Kovalyova, I. Mozharivska

Soil is a unique indispensable natural resource which is the solar energy storage, the basis of life for plants, animals and humans, as well as a natural indicator of environmental pollution. Contamination of soil with heavy metals is of global interest in modern science in connection with the increase of man-made impact on the environment. The danger of heavy metals is determined by the fact that, unlike organic pollutants, they are not destroyed, but transfer from one form to another, in particular, they are included in the salts, oxides, organometallic compounds. The purpose of our study was to determine the content of mobile heavy metal compounds in soil while growing energy crops on the radioactively contaminated territory. The findings of the study showed that the content of toxicants in soil under conditions of radioactive contamination was considerably below the MAC. Lead concentration in the studied sites of energy crops varied within 0.72–0.87 mg/kg. The greatest difference between the variants was found while cultivating cup plant and oriental bunias (10.9 and 11.8 %), and the smallest was observed while growing miscanthus and sorghum perennial (7.5 and 9.7 %, respectively). It was found out that the highest concentration of cadmium was observed in the soil when using mineral fertilizers (N50P50K50); the content was at the level of 0.040–0.044 mg/kg. Chemical elements such as copper and zinc were in minimal quantities. The levels of copper availability varied from 0.078 to 0.091 mg/kg, and zinc from 1.83 to 2.45 mg/kg. It should be noted that the lowest concentration of heavy metals was observed while cultivating all energy crops without the use of fertilizers. Prospects for further study will be aimed at establishing patterns of distribution of heavy metals in soil layers while cultivating energy crops.

136-143

Authors: S. Lutkovska

This article identifies ways of identifying environmental risks in the environmental and economic security system. It is established that the identification of risks for the territory and the population consists in the systematic identification and study of exogenous and endogenous environmental risks specific to a particular region or activity. The process of formation of ecological and economic risk is formed, which consists of the following stages: determination of risk-forming factors, determination of ecological risk, determination of harm to man, determination of other risk-forming factors, introduction of changes to the system of environmental risk factors, determination of economic loss. It is proved that in the first stage of the formation and implementation of state policy in the field of integrated security with a large number of proposed two types of risks can be applied: life activities: individual – concern an individual, collective (social) – communities; economic – absolute (in UAH) or relative (share of GDP, GRP). An environmental risk identification scheme has been developed and the relationship between the factors of influence on the magnitude of risk has been established. It is established that there are two main types of environmental risk, depending on its orientation: object – arises due to the negative impact of other economic entities (negative environmental changes, as a result of the activity of economic entities; economic losses due to such changes, related to other economic objects); subjective – due to its own impact, which leads to environmental responsibility (negative impact on the environment; the spread of negative changes of the latter to natural objects; damage to health and damage as a result of environmental change). The content of the category "strategic environmental assessment" is defined. It is proved that the efficiency and controllability of anthropogenic and natural risk management process in the country should be ensured by a branched infrastructure of security regulation mechanisms based on regulatory, organizational, administrative, engineering, economic and other regulatory methods.