Acta Microbiologica Bulgarica

105-110

Authors: Vilhelmova-Ilieva, N., Galabov, A. S.

Since ancient times, folk medicine has used the potency of a wide range of plants for treatment of various diseases. In recent years, the development of technology has made it possible to identify the active ingredients determining these properties of plants. One of the largest group of substances isolated from plants are polyphenols. Tannins are a type of polyphenols that have already proven to possess different biological activities important to human health, such as antioxidant, antitumoral, antimicrobial, antiviral, etc. As an integral part of many food products, tannins are included in the daily diet of many people suffering from various diseases. Tannins can naturally enhance the body's ability to cope with various infections and diseases, improving the immune response and also having a positive effect on patients with heart disease and high blood pressure, which makes them promising therapeutic agents. All of the activities described above allow tannins to be considered as promising therapeutic agents.

115-118

Authors: Boyanova, L., Nikolov, R., Markovska, R., Yordanov, D., Mitov, I.

Propolis possesses many beneficial biological activities and 13C urea breath (13C UBT) test is considered to be the best non-invasive test for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate propolis effects on H. pylori infection status and 13C UBT results of two untreated symptomatic adults. The first patient with chronic gastritis and gastroesophageal reflux was tested by 13C UBT for H. pylori several times over >1 year. The subject used only non-antibiotic agents involving propolis. All 13C UBT results of the patient were positive. The second patient had taken propolis on the day before the test and the UBT result was negative, while the culture was positive. In conclusion, although propolis alone or with other non-antibiotic agents may be a good adjunct in the infection therapy, the long-term bee glue use did not lead to H. pylori eradication in the first patient. Conversely, the use of propolis several days before the test may result in false negative UBT results, raising the question of the need to avoid propolis use at least several days before the UBT. The optimal dosage and duration of bee glue use should be further evaluated.

125-130

Authors: Chiurciu, C., Chiurciu, V., Danes, M., Stoica, O. G., Frunzareanu, B., Banciu, D., Lupu, E., Uluitu, C., Oprisiu, D., Stefan, P. C., Ionescu, I., Filip, V., Tudoran, C., Nicolae, I., Diaconu, L., Stanculescu, S., Radu, A., Chitonu, P.

Starting from ONE HEALTH concept of integrated medicine in which human, animal and environmental health are approached together, this paper presents the attempts of ROMVAC Co. to reduce the risk of the occurrence and spread of antibiotic-resistant germs (ARGs) originating from the digestive tract of broiler chickens and mammary glands of dairy cows. The purpose is to demonstrate the efficacy of alternative veterinary medicines to antibiotic therapy in avian enteritis and dairy cow mastitis. Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 11181 culture at a minimum concentration of 1x108 CFU / ml; Ross 308 broiler chickens (250,000 heads); automatic dosing system in water flow - Dosatrom. The product was administered during the first 3 days of life and the body weight evolution was monitored at 0, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days. Oils with strong antibacterial and antiviral effects (oregano, thyme, pine etc.) were used by ROMVAC to produce three medicines: a) Greenvet mastirat - gel, curative, b) Ugeroclean - S, liquid soap and c) Ugeroclean - gel applied after milking. The products were administered locally to mammalian animals (cattle, sheep, goats) daily for 7 days. Udder edema, milk production, dermal reaction to the product (erythema, nodules, pustules, etc.) and clinical status of the animals were daily monitored. Chickens that received probiotic had a weight gain of 68 grams / chicken (over 6 tons per 100,000 chickens) and a lower mortality rate of 0.78% (1794 chickens). E. coli and Salmonella germs have completely disappeared from the digestive tract. Vegetable oil products improved clinical symptoms of mastitis, were well tolerated by animals, decreased the intensity of erythema, improved the clinical condition of animals, maintained milk production, very few cases requiring antibiotic treatment. The product is also an insect repellent. The in vitro antiviral activity of vegetable oils on CDV paramyxovirus has also been demonstrated. Replacement of antibiotic treatment in veterinary medicine with alternative therapies avoids the occurrence and transmission to the human consumer of ARGs via chicken and milk.

137-142

Authors: Gotova, I., Dimitrov, Zh., Najdenski, H.

In vitro tests for establishing the anti-inflammatory potential of twenty-two previously selected Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains were carried out. The aim was to compare the antiinflammatory potential of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus isolated from authentic homemade yogurt in non-industrial mountain villages in Bulgaria with selected strains originated from the intestinal tract of healthy volunteers. The assessed signal peptide associated with inflammation was IL-8, with and without stimulation of TNF-alpha, in order to simulate inflammatory shock in vitro. To establish the antiinflammatory potential of the strains, two cytokines with predominant anti-inflammatory effects, IL-10 and TGF-beta were evaluated as well. The different cytokines were evaluated using three different analytical models, including mice splenocytes. Among the presented strains of intestinal origin only two Lactobacillus gasseri, one Enterococcus faecium and one Bifidobacterium longum possessed simultaneously the desirable optimal cytokine profile, where the highest induction of IL-10 was 1670.2 pg/ml (E. faecium 2092/2); the strongest reduction of IL-8 was 46.9 pg/ml (B. longum 10/48) and the induction of TGF-ß varied between 548.75 and 834.53 pg/ml. Among the strains of yogurt origin, three Lactobacillus bulgaricus and three Streptococcus thermophilus possessed concurrent or even better anti-inflammatory profiles, where the highest induction of IL-10 was 1584.1 pg/ml (L. bulgaricus b58); the strongest reduction of IL-8 was 46.0 pg/ml (Str. thermophilus T43) and the induction of TGF-ß varied between 499.96 and 841.50 pg/ml.