Journal of Pharmaceutical, Chemical and Biological Sciences

04

Authors: S Balamuruganvelu, B Geethavani, KR Premlal, S Jaikumar, M Kalyani, S Sengottuvelu**

Polyalthia longifolia is native to the drier regions and commonly used in for the treatment of various ailments including constipation. The present study was carried out to investigate the laxative activity of Polyalthia longifolia bark in albino’s Wistar rats. The animals were divided in to 4 groups of 6 rats in each group. Group I, served as control received saline (1 ml/kg, p. o.), Group II served as reference control received sodium picosulfate (5 mg/kg, p.o) and groups III and IV received 200 and 400 mg/kg of ethanolic extract of Polyalthia longifolia bark extract respectively through oral administration. The laxative activity was determined based on the total weight of normal as well as wet faeces production in all 4 groups was monitored for 16 h. The ethanolic extract of Polyalthia longifolia enhanced the wet faces production at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg. The effect of the extract at 200 and 400 mg/kg (p.o.) was similar to that of reference drug sodium picosulfate (5 mg/kg, p.o). Conclusions: The results showed that the ethanolic extract of Polyalthia longifolia bark has a significant laxative activity and supports its traditional use in herbal medicine.

10

Authors: Sumit Das*, Ripunjoy Bordoloi, Nishant Newar

The Immune System is the most complex biological systems in the body. At the time of infection immune system go under the attack of a large number of viruses, bacteria and fungi. The immune system is a part of body to detect the pathogen by using a specific receptor to produce immediately response by the activation of immune components cells, cytokines, chemokines and also release of inflammatory mediator. They modulate and potentiate the immune system. Medicinal plants impart significant roles in the prevention of human being from various pathogenic microorganisms and the diseases. In nature there are various medicinal plants which are used as immune modulator agents. Certain medicinal plants are believed to promote positive health and maintain organic resistance against infection by re-establishing body equilibrium and conditioning the body tissues. It is tempting to speculate that the restorative and rejuvenating power of these herbal remedies might be due to their action on the immune system and some of the medicinal plants are believed to enhance the natural resistance of the body to infections. Plant derived materials (proteins, lections, polysaccharides, etc.) have been shown to stimulate the immune system. Ayurveda and other Indian literature mention the use of plants in treatment of various human ailments. There are a number of plants that have been reported to have immune modulatory activity. The present paper review plants which have shown experimental and clinical immune modulatory activity.

01-05

Authors: Raja Chakraborty*, Saikat Sen, Manoj Kumar Deka, B Rekha , Sandeep Sachan

Saraca indica (Family: Leguminosae) is an important indigenous plant of India. The plant possess several medicinal value and widely used in Ayurvedic formulation for treat number of disease like to treat painful conditions, improves complexion of the body, improves digestion and assimilation, alleviates excessive thirst, to kills all infectious agents, in blood disease, inflammation. The present study aimed to explore the antimicrobial activity of petroleum ether, ethanol extract of leaves of the plant. The antimicrobial activity of extracts was evaluated by disc diffusion method using strains of gram positive bacteria, gram negative bacteria and fungus. Bacillus sublitis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was used to screen the in vitro antibacterial activity, while antifungal activity was screened against Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger at concentration 250 μg/ml and 500 μg/ml. Antibacterial drug ciprofloxacin (10 μg/disc) and antifungal drug fluconazole (25 μg/disc) used as standard. Both the extracts showed dose dependent antimicrobial activity against all gm+ve, gm-ve and fungal organism used. Comparatively ethanol extract have shown greater activity than petroleum ether extract. Therefore present study confirms the antimicrobial activity of leaf extract of Saraca indica.

12-17

Authors: Sumit Das*, Mousumi Baruah , Dibyendu Shil

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease. It causes number of complications, like retinopathy, neuropathy and peripheral vascular insufficiencies. The worldwide prevalence of diabetes is expected to be more than 240 million by the year 2010. In India more than 30 million people are with diabetes mellitus. There are lots of synthetic agents available to treat Diabetes, but they have some undesirable side effects. Plant-based medicinal products have been known since ancient times and various medicinal plants and their products have been used to manage diabetes mellitus in the traditional medicinal systems of many countries in the world. Moreover, during the past few years many phyto-constituents which are responsible for antidiabetic activity have been isolated from the plant species. In the present study, an attempt was made to investigate the anti-diabetic activity of Lasia spinosa stem extracts (Hydroalcoholic extract) in different dosages (200 and 400 mg/kg b.w.) in dexamethasone induced diabetic albino rats and it shows potent antidiabetic activity against standard.

26-32

Authors: B.K. Panda*, V.J.Patro, U.S.Mishra, SubratKar

Spondias pinnata (Linn.F) Kurz ( Anacardiaceae ) is a medicinal plant and is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of India. The present investigation attempted to find out the anti-pyretic potentials of the acetone and methanol extract of Spondias pinnata (Linn.F) Kurz stem bark. The extract was evaluated for phytochemical screening, which indicated the presence of carbohydrate, glycoside, saponin, flavonoids, phytosterol, phenolic compound, tannins and tri-terpenoids. The anti-pyretic activity was evaluated by Brewer’s yeast induced pyrexia in albino rats. The ethanol extract at the dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg p.o., showed the significant reduction in yeast induced elevated temperature in a dose depended manner and the effect also extended up to 5 hours after the drug administration. The results of this study indicated that the ethanol extract from stem bark of S. pinnata (Linn.F) Kurzpossess significant anti-pyretic activities in rodent models.

39-51

Authors: Pranjal Kumar Singh*, Mohd. Kashif Iqubal, Vikesh Kumar Shukla, Mohd. Shuaib

Microemulsions are one of the best candidates as novel drug delivery system because of their long shelf life, improved drug solubilization with ease of preparation and administration. Microemulsions are thermodynamically stable and optically isotropic liquid solutions of oil, water and amphiphile. They have emerged as novel vehicles for drug delivery which allow controlled or sustained release for ocular, percutaneous, topical, transdermal, and parenteral administration of medicaments. Microemulsions can be easily distinguished from normal emulsions by their low viscosity, transparency and more accurately their thermodynamic stability. Microemulsions have great range of applications and uses such as in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, cutting oils, biotechnology, food, cosmetics, analytical applications, environmental detoxification etc. The main objective of this review paper is to discuss microemulsions as drug carrier system with other possible applications.