Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics

269-282

Authors: Sashini Umasha Kuruppuarachchi, Varuni Karunika Gunathilake

The present study investigates the zoo-chemical profiling, anti-inflammatory, and radical scavenging activities of Luffariella herdmani marine sponge extract. The sponge crude extract (SCE) was prepared by methanol/dichloromethane extraction, followed by rotary evaporation. The percentage yield was calculated, and the zoo-chemicals were investigated by standard methods, while anti-inflammatory activity was tested by protein denaturation assay. Radical scavenging activity of the SCE was tested against 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazy (DPPH), nitric oxide (NO) and peroxide radicals, while in vivo toxicity was evaluated by the Artemia salina lethality assay. The results indicated the presence of terpenoids, alkaloids, anthraquinones, unsaturated sterols, sterols, and saponins in the SCE while flavanoids, quinones, tannins, and phenols were absent. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity against protein denaturation with IC50 of 58.54 µg/ml was evidenced while radical scavenging activity was not reported. The SCE was toxic to A. salina larvae with LC50 of 14.34 µg/ml. In conclusion, L. herdmani sponge extract possesses in vitro anti-inflammatory, in vivo toxic properties, yet radical scavenging activity was absent. The presence of terpenoids, alkaloids, anthraquinones, unsaturated sterols, sterols, and saponins with reported anti-inflammatory properties is suggestive of the use of L. herdmani sponge extract as an anti-inflammatory drug lead.

292-306

Authors: Mrunali Patel, Priti Patel

Pigments are a type of coloring component which are utilized by humans to enhance colors in their lives. Using synthetic pigments for the purpose of coloring food, clothes, fruit juices, paints are accepted worldwide previously, but due to hazardous impact of synthetic colors on environment, and on human health made to go for alternative sources of the pigments which are safe to use. Isolation of natural pigment is another preference that will increase the supply of pigment from natural sources while minimizing environmental and health risks. Thus, there is a growing necessity for biocolor derived from natural sources that can substitute synthetic colors. Natural colorants are commonly found from plants, animals, and microorganisms. Plant pigments have several benefits, so it seems much of prominence for pigment production. Bixa orellana and Beta vulgaris were isolated for yellow, orange, and red color pigments from natural ecological source. Pigment extraction from plants requires extract preparation and then isolation of pigments using different solvents. Extracted pigments were analyzed by preliminary screening techniques such as phytochemical assay and various confirmation tests. We found positive results for flavonoid, tannin, carbohydrate, protein, saponin and alkaloid using phytochemical assays. HPTLC fingerprinting was done for each extract and found positive result for alkaloid and phenolic compounds. Thus, it was aimed to develop the extraction analytical methods for determination of Bixa Orellana and Beta Vulgaris spp. by HPTLC fingerprint approach.

320-333

Authors: Salauddin Al Azad, Sharmin Ahmed, Partha Biswas, Md. Abdur Rashid Mia, Mithila Farjana, Farzana Alam Arshe, Sabrina Jahan Mily, Ananya Baidya Ankhi, Mahdi Mubin Shaikat, Sabeeha Sultana, Kashfia Mawa, Zannatul Naim, Md. Ataur Rahman, Bonglee Kim

Anemia and thyroid disorders are global health issues that affect all ages but are more apparent in women. In this case, some serological components responsible for iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) downregulation in women have been found actively regulated through a complex vitamin D3 mediated mechanism. This research has been investigated the correlation between activated vitamin D3 and the serological components responsible for IDA and dysregulation of TSH in childbearing and non-child-bearing women of different health conditions. Experimental sampling from 482 women suffering from both IDA and TSH dysregulation was taken, aged between 0 and 70 years. Serological parameters, such as iron, total ironbinding capacity, and ferritin, were assessed for IDA profiling, whereas thyroid-stimulating hormone and free thyroxin were for TSH profiling based on the individual’s serum vitamin D3 concentration. The resulting serological data were interpreted using sophisticated computer programming language and algorithms for quantitative biochemical analysis. The study resulted in a significant correlation between FT4 and vitamin D3 (p < 0.0001) for all age groups. TSH also showed strong interactions with the fluctuation of vitamin D3 levels (p < 0.0001), except for the children aged below 10 years (p < 0.063). The iron, TIBC, TSH, and FT4 showed phenomenal regulation with the steroidal-vitamin D3 concentration for congenital patients. Unlike the others, ferritin has a substantial connection with activated Vitamin D3 (p < 0.0064) fluctuation in the serum. To ratify, the concentrations of TSH, FT4, iron, TIBC, and ferritin were found to be significantly interconnected in terms of serum vitamin D3 concentration in women suffering from IDA and TSH downregulation simultaneously. In addition, the BMI condition of the patients can be a major factor in terms of correlating vitamin D3 with the regulatory factors of IDA and thyroid TSH as resulted in this research. To understand the accuracy and efficacy of the serum vitamin D3 in IDA and TSH downregulation, some other inflammatory markers and parathyroid hormone analysis of many samples can be conducted in continuation of this study.

347-357

Authors: Yasir Haider Al-Mawlah, Mohammed Zuhair Naji, Mustafa Jawad Al-Imari, Hadi Sajid Abdulabbas

Body fluids are frequently recovered by forensic investigators from crime scenes, and their identification is an important aspect of forensic case analysis. Determining the type and origin of human fluids recovered at a crime scene will give essential information for crime scene reconstruction by establishing a link between sample donors and actual criminal activity. The expression levels of microRNAs (miRNAs) such as miR-10b, miR135b, miR-16, miR-126, miR-124-3p, and miR-372 in seminal fluids, blood, vaginal fluid stains, and their mixture, were measured using a quantitative real-time PCR technique. Using SNORD-47 as a reference gene, the target genes' identification and stability were assessed. miR-10b and miR-135b were expressed at higher levels in seminal fluids stains than in vaginal secretion stains; miR-124-3p and miR-372 were expressed at higher levels in vaginal stains than in seminal fluids stains; miR-16 and miR-126 were expressed at a higher level in bloodstains than in both seminal fluids and vaginal stains, and six miRNAs were expressed in seminal fluids/vaginal/blood mix stains. In conclusion, the results indicate that the expression levels of miR-10b and miR-135b (seminal fluids), miR124-3p and miR-372 (vaginal secretion), and miR-16 and miR-126 (blood) were higher in these samples compared to the housekeeping gene SNORD-47.

381-393

Authors: Duaa Hassan, FrialAbd, Lubna Albayati

Magnesium oxide (MgO) is one of the most promising nanoparticles due to its mono-metallic oxide group, High melting point, no toxicity issues, high hardness, and high purity. For those reasons, these materials were used in many fields including medicine, agriculture, electronics, energy, and environmental protection. Leuconostoc spp. was used as a facility to biosynthesize MgO nanoparticles, then optimized pH and Mg (NO3)2.6H2O concentration for its antibacterial activity and cellular immunity reactions including skin sensitivity through studying Interleukin 1-Beta (IL-1β), Interleukin 17 (IL-17) and Interleukin 2 (IL-2) responding. The study shows that the optimum pH for Magnesium Oxide (MgO) biosynthesis was 12, optimum Mg (NO3)2.6H2O concentration was 0.1 M, while antibacterial activity shows a high effect on Gram-negative bacteria with 125 µg/ml as minimum inhibiting concentration (MIC) and 500 µg/ml as minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), the immunity study appeared that the MgO nanoparticles (MgONPs) altered the immunity response in skin test duration and diameter of MgONPs as 1.31±0.55, 9.33±1.15, 11.33±1.75 and 8.33±0.75 mm after 4,24,84 and 72 hours, respectively. IL-1β, IL-17 and IL-2 show significant differences compared to the control group at P-value ≤ 0.05 as 82.305±13.38, 101.444±16.943 and 49.781±5.264, respectively. MgONPs can be used as an alternative treatment for multidrug resistance MDR bacteria due to their high effectiveness against bacterial growth, MgONPs induced the cellular immunity response in rabbit tissues as delivery of immunogen.

408-416

Authors: Linh Dieu Vuong , Ha Hoang Chu, Quang Ngoc Nguyen

The MAPK-ERK, as well as PI3K-AKT signaling transduction pathway, represents a pivotal function in tumorigenesis. Genetic alterations of potential tumor-driven genes, for instance, KRAS, BRAF, NRAS, and PIK3CA can result in uncontrolled cell proliferation and progression. The main aims of the study were not only to identify the prevalence of KRAS, BRAF, NRAS, PIK3CA molecular modifications but also to evaluate the relationship between gene changes and clinical and/or pathological characteristics of 251 Vietnamese colorectal cancer. Genetic abnormalities on KRAS, BRAF, NRAS, and PIK3CA were detected through the utility of Realtime PCR, Pyrosequencing, and Direct sequencing methods, respectively. The frequency of KRAS, BRAF, NRAS, and PIK3CA mutations were 34.3%, 6.4%, 7.2%, and 17.5%, in turn. KRAS mutation was mutually exclusive against that of NRAS and BRAF mutations in CRC. BRAF, as well as RAS/RAF mutations, were more usual in older age. A significant association between PIK3CA mutations and age together with differentiation of CRC was determined. In addition, PIK3CA mutation tended to coexist with KRAS but not with NRAS and BRAF mutation. Our results indicate the information of molecular markers that contribute to selfsufficient oncogenic mechanisms in the carcinogenesis of CRC.

433-444

Authors: Nilufa Yasmin Poly, Sabrina Mamtaz, Mohammad Mehedi Hasan Khan, Md. Najmol Hoque, Abul Kalam Azad, Mahmudul Hasan

The microbiological use of cellulose is a significant aspect in achieving the highest possible material flow in the environment. This study aimed at isolation, identification, and biochemical characterization of bacteria with cellulase activity from cellulose samples. Cellulase enzyme has wide applications in various industries including food industry, agriculture, textile, detergent, pulp and paper, biofuel production, brewing and biorefinery. In the present study, cellulolytic bacterium Pseudomonas sp. was isolated from rumen fluid of cattle was collected from slaughter house. This bacterial isolate was identified by morphological, biochemical, and physiochemical characteristics. Cellulase production by the bacteria was optimized. Optimum cellulase was produced by Pseudomonas sp. which was observed under different pH, temperature, and incubation period. The highest production of cellulase enzyme by this bacterium was monitored at pH 7.0 for 48 hours under 3 days of cultivation at 40°C. The enzyme activity was observed at pH 7.0 with cellulosic filter paper for 5 days incubation and its maximum activity was noted at 48 hours. The result of study shows that the Pseudomonas sp. is a good producer of extra cellular cellulase enzyme which can be also beneficial for the degradation of cellulosic pollutants of environment.