ASPIRATOR - Journal of Vector-borne Disease Studies

45-53

Authors: Lukman Hakim1*

Abstract.Malaria is a disease that could reemerge depending on the development of risk factors for transmission. So, although now the number of cases of malaria in Pamotan village Pangandaran district has decreased, but will back to increase due to have a history as high malaria endemic areas. To anticipate, the further analysis of research data has been carried out with the aim to identify the transmission risk factors as well as to estimate the emergence of malaria cases. Results of data analysis showed that the risk factors for transmission of malaria in Pamotan village are malaria carrier patient that without clinical symptoms with density 35.08‰, the local malaria transmission (indigenous), outside the region transmission (imports), the high of mobilization of the population, and the presence of Anopheles sundaicus mosquitoes as vectors of malaria with the fluctuating density. It is also known that the population most at risk for malaria transmission is the age group 1-5 years, so it should be a priority in any malaria control activities. The regression test that resulted, if there a source of malaria transmission, rainfall data can be used as a basis for estimating the emergence of malaria cases of in the coming two months. Thus, that the activity planning can be made to anticipate the increasing of malaria transmission in order prevent outbreaks.

61-65

Authors: Roy Nusa RahagusEdo Santya1* dan Joni Hendri2

Abstract.The used of chemicals as mosquitos repellent may causing health problems. Extract of caffir lime (Citrus hystrix)as mosquitos repellent can be used as another option.Thestudy aimed to analyze the protection capacity of C. hystrix against Aedesaegypti and Ae. albopictus.Experimental studies usingcompletely randomized design was done. The obtained data were calculated using the protection capacity formula and analysed using t-test. The result indicated thatprotection capacity of Citrus hystrix extract for 6 hours on average gave 34.82% of protection against Ae. aegypti and 41.44% of Ae. albopictus. The caffir lime extract has been able to reject Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus.Although the thrust of the caffir lime is not as good as chemical products, but can be use as alternativemosquitoes repellent.

9-15

Authors: Muhamad Nizar 1*, Yulian Taviv 2, Terang Uli Sembiring 3, Lukman Hakim 4

About 80% of Indonesia populations lived in malaria endemic areas. AMI reported to date is still high, on the other side of the MDG targets is to reduce AMI (<5/1000 populations in 2015), while the elimination of malaria in Sumatra is expected on 2020. According to Riskesdas 2007, the malaria suspected who utilizing health services is remains low (<2%), whereas people who utilizing the general health care facilities is 48.7%. The study has been conducted to analyze the factors that influence the use of malaria drugs purchased in the stall. This study was using a quantitative approach. The chi-square and logistic regression test was used to analyzed the independent variables (age, sex, duration of illness, work, and education level) against variable dependent (purchasing of malaria drugs in the stall). A cross-sectional study was done with inclusive criterias: fever>38 ° C, chills, cold sweating, headache, and muscle pain or splenomegaly at 4 health centers in January to April 2011. Interview was assigned to 220 respondents; 53.2% of respondents aged over 40 years, predominantly female (52.7%). In general, respondents have a job (66.4%) with low educational level (81.8%), and 67.7% get a pain less than 4 days. Results shows that occupation factor is significantly related to drug purchasing behavior (p = 0.003). Model of risk factors that influencing malaria drug purchases in the stall is the kind of work that is influenced by the low education level (p-value = 0.003) with odds ratio is 15.5%.

23-28

Authors: MutiaraWidawati1*, HeniPrasetyowati

Dengue vector control is mostly done by using plant-based insecticides. Insecticides from the vegetable and fruit extracts of the leaves of plants that contain compounds alkaloids,saponins, flavonoids, tannins, triterpenoids, and polyphenols can be used as an alternative to naturally control Ae. aegypti. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the B. vulgaris L. extract larvacide against larvae of Ae. aegypti. The materials that been used was B. vulgaris L. fruit parts which was milled and dried to become a powder form. 800 g of dry powder was extracted by 70% methanol by percolation method with occasional stirring for 3 days. The extract was concentrated using an evaporator. 60 g remaining residue was dissolved in distilled water and re-extracted with diethyl ether, chloroform, and ethyl acetate. Each fraction extract was dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate and the solvent was distilled. The extract was tested qualitatively to determine the content of secondary metabolites. Larvacide test performed by dissolving each extracts in dimetilsulphoxide (DMSO) at concentrations of 0.1, 0.5 and 1%. The larvae used was larval of Ae. aegypti age of seven days. Death larvae counted every day for seven days to determine the effect of the contact. Tests carried out at a temperature of 27±1° C by immersing 25 larvae at each concentration of the extract with 50 mL volume and three replications was performed. The data obtained were analyzed further with different test.The results showed that fruit extract contains flavonoids, alkoloid, sterols, triterpenes, saponins and tannins. Highest mortality happened which was 82.5% and the lowest mortality happened with a concentration of 0.1% diethyl ether extract fraction. The extracts that are dissolved in various solvent fractions have not been effective as a larvacide until the highest concentration which was 1%. Methanol and polar solvent extracts of the fruit has a larvacidepotency a bit higher than other solvents.