Ukrainian Society

21-32

Authors: Chernysh N. Yo.

The article is an extended version of the speech at the Fulbright Roundtable “National and Social Identities in Post-Soviet Ukraine: The Case of Lviv and Donetsk”, which took place on June 28, 2018 within the framework of the Summer Convention of The International Association for the Humanities (IAH) “Image of the Self” in Lviv. During this round table, preliminary implementation results of the International Sociological Project “Lviv-Donetsk: Sociological Analysis of Group Identities and Hierarchies of Social Loyalties” (1994–2015) were presented by a group of authors representing various socio-humanities sciences – social psychology, sociology and history. Therefore, the article provides examples of the exchange of meanings between social psychology and sociology in relation to the assessment of the threats impact on the identification processes, the points of contact between them and the indicated differences in the interpretation of the obtained sociological information. The work considers a number of threats that could have had a different impacts on the formation or reformatting of the identities of the inhabitants of six major Ukrainian cities – Lviv, Donetsk, as well as Kyiv, Odesa, Dnipro and Kharkiv in 2015. According to the factor analysis, eight groups of threats were identified, of which corruption and socio-economic threats (growth of economic inequalities among citizens, inflation, unemployment, rising prices, etc.) were observed on the dominant positions for respondents of all cities, including temporarily occupied Donetsk. The correlations between the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents and their attitude to the threats showed a small weight of the first, except for the city/region of residence. Examples are provided depending on the respondents’ level of identities from these cities to various threats. The threats are identified in the assessment of which there is unanimity or diversity of opinions between them, as well as the greatest differences are shown between the respondents regarding the Russian status and the threat of war with Russia. The conclusions emphasize that the existing threats have greatly influenced the strengthening and crystallization of the identities of Lviv, a certain approximation to them of the identities of the capital residents, an increase in the proportion of Ukrainian identity among Kharkiv, Dniprians and Odessites, as well as the fragmentation and decentralization of identities respondents from temporarily occupied Donetsk. A number of theses were formulated that require additional study and interpretation by representatives of the socio-humanities sciences (regarding the formation of a new configuration of regions in Ukraine, the formation of the newest Ukrainian political nation and the presence of Donetsk residents in the mental field of Ukraine, etc.).

52-64

Authors: Korzhov G. O.

Paper presents the sociological model of entrepreneurship as a social phenomenon, which is developed based on the combination of the two main theoretical study streams of the phenomenon – on the demand and on the supply. This approach treats entrepreneurship as a certain potential opportunity, which is latent and under certain conditions can be introduced in practice. The article illuminates the main conceptual approaches to the study of entrepreneurial potential (EP) in contemporary sociological science. The synthetic economic-sociological model of potential entrepreneurship research as one of the most promising from the analytical and applied perspectives is substantiated. The paper demonstrates what role in the justification of the ideas of EP various conceptions of Western sociology, including the theory of social embededdness by M. Granovetter, the relative social blockade by E. Heigen, and the stages of economic growth by W. Rostow as well as the A. Shapero’s theory of resilient, ‘self-renewing’ economic environment can play. The mechanism of the societal factors influencing the probability of entrepreneurial event is conceptually substantiated through the subjective perception of the social actor’s desirability and feasibility of his own participation in entrepreneurship. Perceived desirability includes two interrelated components – an individual’s attitude to entrepreneurial action and social norms that are associated with an appropriate behavior patterns. Perceived feasibility, or entrepreneurial self-efficacy, is the individual’s confidence in the successful resolution of certain tasks related to the execution of entrepreneurial role. Author analyses factors that promote and hinder the development of EP in modern Ukrainian society, depending on the type of entrepreneurial activity – both forced or voluntary. The EP concept has a significant potential for practical use to identify existing entrepreneurial potential and create favorable conditions for its actualization and involvement in the processes of modernization of Ukrainian society.

82-93

Authors: Dykan (Ahamirian) L. V.

The article dwells upon the views on the leisure phenomenon in the Ukrainian and foreign researchers’ works such as K. Marx, R. Stebbins, S. Kuzmenkova, S. Sukhova, V. Arbenina, E. Sokolov, Yu. Streltsov, R. Popov. Author suggests definition of “leisure” and “creative leisure practices”. Papers considers classes of leisure are based on the nature of leisure activities (active/passive, creative/consumer), place of their conducting (home/out-of-home), time classes (daily/holiday), functions (recreation, development, entertainment, etc.), number of individuals (individual, collective, mass, etc.) Classification of creative leisure is given. The results of multidimensional scaling, which revealed differences in the definition about the essential characteristics of educational and entertaining leisure practices between rural and urban adolescents were depicted. As well as some data obtained in the framework of author’s qualitative research, in particular, on the functions of creative leisure practices of contemporary Ukrainian adolescents, identified by the author, the following ones were revealed: socialization, communication, emotive, function of social affiliation, status enhancement, relax function, development of personal skills, self-expression and self-professionalization. It was emphasized that creative collective leisure practices is a factor and at the same time a manifestation of a polyfigural leisure culture, which is a significant factor in the relations development inside and between generations. The conclusion is made on the need to create conditions for improving the cultural and leisure infrastructure, the formation of leisure institutions that would be available to various groups of the Ukrainian population, in particular adolescents, regardless of their place of residence and financial status.

114-129

Authors: Balakireva O. M., Dmytruk D. A.

Based on data from a nationwide survey, an assessment is made of the socio-economic situation and social attitudes, as well as the income of the population. Authors analyse trends for indices of socio-economic assessments and expectations for different socio-demographic groups, self-asessment ot the material status.

136-149

Authors: Nitspol S. I., Nesterenko Ye. O.

Paper presents U-Report – innovative youth project’s poll results of the for the 3rd quarter of 2018: smoking practices among young people, awareness of the vipes’ harm, advertising of cigarettes; the choice of a family doctor, the reasons for young people to address family doctors; the involvement of girls in football, the types of sports for “men” and “women” from the youth viewpoint; knowledge of English, motivation for studying foreign language among young people; young people’s participation in tent camps.