Ukrainian Society

23-36

Authors: Gusak N. Ye.

Social programs and services for children and youth do not always take into account the position of thetarget groupsrepresentatives. Involving them in action research and participatory action research could help themto address their problems. The purpose of the article is to describe the experience of action research andparticipatory action research in social work with children and youth. The author analyzes reports based on theresults of 20 studies, where action research and participatory action research were used. These researches wereconducted in social work with children and youth during 2001-2013 in Australia,Bosnia and Herzegovina, Britain,Ireland, Iceland, Canada, China, Liberia, Myanmar, Germany, South Africa, Northern Uganda, the United States,Sierra Leone, and Thailand. HINARY database was used for document search. The most popular topics for actionresearch and participatory action research in social work with children and youth have been such as communitywork, involving young people in prevention programs in health care, youth well-being, and social inclusion. Children and young people were involved inresearches in different ways: 1) source of the information; 2)consultants; 3) as researchers’ partners who collaborate with them throughout the process; 4) as researchers’ partners who have ownership of the research and its results. Children and youth are considered as the resourcesthat need to be developed. The main experts in dealing with children and youth were themselves. As a result ofactions in research, children and young people got new opportunities and developed skills.

46-53

Authors: Liapina L. A.

The article dwells upon the multicultural project of the British social theorist Bhikhu Parekh. Scientistproposes to see this multicultural project not as a political doctrine software content and not as a philosophicaltheory of man and the world, but aslife visions in the future. It is due to the fact that nowadays almost all societiesare multicultural and it will remain so in the future. The central idea of this project–is equal dialogue of culturesas the foundation of modern society and dialogueness as a general principle of differences coexistence in themodern world (the world of cultural diversity). Author determines problem field of multiculturalism, which consistsof three ideas: the idea of people’s cultural involvement, the idea of the inevitability and desirability of culturaldiversity and intercultural dialogue, and the idea of each culture’s internal plurality. What are the possible consequences of the suggested perspective? First of all, the rejection of the dominance of moral and politicalconcept or doctrine (liberalism, conservatism, socialism, nationalism), except for the basic democratic values.Secondly, multicultural society values diversity and promotes creative dialogue between different cultures. Itrespects the rights of its members in their culture, cultivates their right to self-criticism, self-determination andpromotes their development. Thirdly, in a multicultural society, there is only a political identity. Its foundation–isnot ethnicity or culture, but the commitment to common principles of political community.Parekh believes that the realization of this concept is a complex political task.

61-74

Authors: Savelyev Yu. B.

Most of publications that use social exclusion and social inclusionconcepts are confined to social andpolitical issues and are detached from existing sociological theories. The article overcomes this gap and definesheuristic potential of the social exclusion and social inclusion sociological concepts. This advances in-depthsunderstanding of the mechanisms for social interaction and reproduction of social order, as well as helps toimprove the dominant approaches to these phenomena within the framework of relational deprivation whichcurrently dominate in internationaland Ukrainian social sciences. The article demonstrates that social exclusionand social inclusion are analyzed in sociological theories through the lens of forming non-equivalent relationshipsbetween social groups. It is also found that there are differences in heuristic potential between concepts of socialexclusion and social inclusion as in the latter reproduction of social order is combined with the transformation ofgroup relations, changes in conditions of participation, social status of social agents and emergence of new fields,rules and institutions.

85-96

Authors: Sushyi O. V.

Paper dwells uponthe issue of trust in the national education system as an integral performanceindicator of the educational sector reformation and the reflection of the social system itself. The author reflects onthe issues that now concern nearly every representative of education and research sector. Is it possible to reform theeducational and scientific sphere in the situation of lack of trust between the parties and nihilism that prevails insociety regarding the educational reform? What causes distrust to the national education system from itsparticipants–subjects of the educational process and citizens? What are the most important indicators of thequality of education? What is the public inquiry on the quality of educational services? What fills education with areal practical sense? This analysis serves as an interpretative filter for modern transformation of the educationalsystem, including the factors hindering its integration into the European educational space, and strategic prioritiesof its development inthe context of European integration of Ukraine. Based on the results of the nationwiderepresentative surveys, conducted by ISPP NAPS of Ukraine, paper highlights the opinions and assessments of thesituation in the area of education. In particular, author suggests the trend analysis of attitudes of the educationalprocess subjects towards the national education system, its accessibility and quality. Author traced change vectorsfor public request on the educational services quality, their connection to the practical activities. It is shown that theeducational sector in Ukraine is marching through reforms, which practical importance is perceived by the majorityof citizens rather as a mediocre one, “on general level”. At the same time public formed a clear request for correspondence of the education quality with the modern challenges: citizens expect to link the knowledge gainedwith the real practice and the needs of the labor market; they have expressed readiness for lifelong learning; theyrequire bringing Ukrainian diplomas to European standards, etc. However, if critically assessing the currentsituation in education, most citizens consider that the integration of the national education system to European education space today is the medium-term objective that should be solved in the future.

108-119

Authors: Suprun N. A., Gamanyuk O. I.

The article investigates the potential of institutional corporate social responsibility (CSR) in addressingthe management of common resources. The purpose of the article is to suggest effective mechanisms formanagement of common resources based on the synthesis of modern theoretical approaches to the analysis of thecommon resources nature and corporate social responsibility (CSR) institutional rules. Analysis of the currenttheoretical approaches to the common resources management shows that under certain institutional conditions theformation of behavioral patterns is possible when common resources are used and reproduced optimally and takeinto account the interests of individual members of society and society as a whole. According to E. Ostrom, the mainparameters within which successful management of common resources should take place, include: clearly definedboundaries for membership in the community of resource users; congruent rules (compliant with the legislation) forthe use of common resources;platform for collective choice; monitoring compliance and accountability; theavailability of sanctions for non-compliance with the rules (i.e. the destruction of the institution); effectivemechanisms for conflict resolution. It is proved that common resources should be treated as a common good notonly for the community that uses them today (people of the current generation), but also as a resource for presentand future generations. This understanding of the common resources’ nature brings out the necessity to view theproblem in the context of the sustainable development paradigm and of the institutional forms that make it possibleto achieve sustainable development goals. Current practices of social interaction give grounds for the conclusionthat the best strategy for achieving sustainable development goals, and the objectives of the common resourcesmanagement is a system of corporate social responsibility (CSR), which is defined as the organization’s responsibility for influence of its decisions and activities on society and the environment that is shown intransparent and ethical behavior that contributes to sustainable development (including health and public welfare)and takes into account the expectations of a wide range of stakeholders. Given thestated mission and objectives,corporate social responsibility can be viewed as a strategy and a system of institutional mechanisms to solve the«tragedy of the commons» of the world as a common resources (or resource package) for human life. In theframework of corporate social responsibility institutional norms are developed that enable implementation ofcommon resource management parameters in practice. Development of the efficient system of corporate socialresponsibility is intended to provide mechanism for addressing numerous social and economic issues and can beconsidered as the optimal strategy for the management of social common resources. Paper suggests algorithm forCSR application for management of common resources.

128-142

Authors: Balakireva O. M., Dmytruk D. A.

Based on the data of two national surveys (October and November of 2015) authors present the snapshotand the analysis of Ukrainian population’s socio-political attitudes, interests in the political life progress, electoralattitudes and orientations. Article tracks the dynamics of trusts to the highest officials, main political and socialinstitutions, political parties and country authorities at all levels during the last 10 years.

20-28

Authors: Pankova O. V., Kasperovych O. Yu., Ishchenko O. V.

The Revolution of Dignity, other events of 2014-2015 in Ukraine indicate a significant potential ofdifferent social groups public activity. The planned decentralization is a major reform aimed at fundamentalchangesnot only in public administration sector in Ukraine, but also in the entire system of social relations. Civilsociety and NGOs activity play special role in these processes. The study is devoted to the analysis of theoreticalapproaches to determine the nature and structure of social resources of NGOs, and to the justification of theoreticaland methodological approach to develop mechanisms to implicate social resources of associations to ensure thedevelopment of Ukraine’s regions in decentralization context. The paper explores the applicability of the classicaltheory of social resources and the resource mobilization theory for the revitalization of NGOs in Ukraine byimplicating social resources. In particular, it concerns public activities in the area of regional development. Thecreation of mechanisms aimed at the development and implicating NGO’s social resources is a prerequisite for thedecentralization and other reforms in Ukraine. It is shown that sociocultural approach is appropriate to ensurecompliance mechanisms to implicate social resources with Ukrainian social characteristics (first–worldview andvalue-motivational). It is possible to use the socio-cultural approach as a methodological basis for the use of theresource mobilization theory. This will determine the status of social resources, indicators to measure it andcapabilities to implicate social resources of NGOs to the needs of regional development. Addressing these problemscreate the necessary conditions for the development and implementation of effective mechanisms of implicating NGO’s social resources in the processes of reform and development.

42-47

Authors: Sogorin A. A.

Social science plays an important role in the study of interference of advertising and society. The maindirections of advertising research in modernsociology are aimed at the general issues of advertising functioning asa modern phenomenon, gender peculiarities in advertising, advertising as a social institution, etc. The author alsotries to determine what aspects of advertising is the object of social science study at the current stage. In theframework of modern sociology there are two positions according to which advertising is understood as a socialinstitution (this opinion is shared by most sociologists) and as a social practice. Majority of modern works aredevoted to the analysis of discriminatory advertising practices towards femininity that actualizes attention to theissue of masculinity, which is poorly developed in modern sociology. Advertising must use power of social influenceto create audience’s flexible gender imagination. The issue of gender tolerance in the advertising process hascultural, moral, social character, and without making special rules in the relevant law it is rather difficult to ensurethe social impact of advertisingfrom the perspective of gender equality. A sociological methodology takes a specialplace in modern research which forms the methodological basis and methodological arsenal for provision ofreliable information about the actual demands and needs of the population, compliance with targeted products. Effective advertising research conducted by social science requires a multidisciplinary approach at the presentstage.

56-62

Authors: Khutka S. V., Nagorniak K. M.

This paper focuses on the investigation of the relationship between individual’s professionalindependance(autonomy) and subjective well-being in a comparative perspective. The objective of the presentedwork is an analytical overview of key studies of the links between life satisfaction, subjective well-being andprofessional autonomy in the context of comparative analysis. Research interest in this topic was determined by thefact that the definition of the level of life satisfaction is not possible without taking into account socio-structuredfactors that determine and influence the level of psychological well-being of the individual. The feeling of happinesstogether with the satisfaction and psychological well-being are relative concepts, because individual determines thelevel of life satisfaction, comparing himself to others, to the standards of «normality» and «consumption norms»within a society. If the standard of living of an individual exceeds this standard, the feeling of satisfaction is higher,and vice versa, if does not reach «normal levels»–lower. However, at the micro level environment is family,friends’ or professional relationship can serve as one of the evaluation factors of psychological comfort. Socio-structured position of the individual and his quality of life evaluation are interdependent variables: professionalaffiliation, level ofeducation and income has positive correlation with the feeling of life satisfaction. Professionalactivity is a significant part of that as the person spends most of their time on it. Therefore, the professionalconditions, where it is located, can serve as indicators for his psychological comfort or discomfort, life satisfactionetc. Referring to previous sociological works, paper dwells upon general logic of the respective studiosdevelopment. In particular, the focus is on professional communication environment where the individual is, and hislevel of life satisfaction. It is important to note that there are both direct and indirect relationships between thesevariables. The specificity of this connection is defined by both individual characteristics andmore general socio-cultural conditions of the labor organization. Authors point out the necessity of attention to the influence of thegroup relations context, group interactions and dynamics of the personality’s life cycle on the relationship betweensubjective well-being and professional autonomy.

74-85

Authors: Bodnarchuk T. L.

The article is a study of the historicalexperience of the Russian empire’s state policy implementationagainst Ukrainian region in the second half of 19th–early 20th century. The subject of this study is the impact ofthe Russian state policy on Ukrainian economy in the period of market and industrial transformations. The purpose of the study is to determine the mechanisms and effects of the Russian state policy on Ukrainian economy. It wasrevealed that Ukraine due to some certain competitive advantages has become the center of market modernizationand industrialization of the empire and, therefore, has turned into the economic base for the implementation offinancial exploitation governmental policy. Author characterizes the peculiarities of the Russian state policy such asthe directing at achieving fiscal targets and forcing the pace of market modernization; expansionist and exploitativenature of the political measures against Ukrainian region. It was revealed that the tax, countervailing measures andtrade protectionism among the mechanismsof the Russian state policy had the most significant impact on Ukrainianeconomy. It is proved that the destructive state policy despite some short-term positive effects caused a number ofmicroeconomic and macroeconomic disproportions in the developmentof Ukrainian economy such asmonopolization and imbalance of the internal market, decline of agricultural and small industry production,technical backwardness of enterprises, low labor productivity and quality of products, decrease of wages and profitsetc.

96-103

Authors: Lesiv M. M.

Paper provides analysis of the interactions peculiarities between agricultural producers, foodmanufacturers and food products consumers. Author describes the key role of raw materials in the welfare ofagricultural producers and quality food products provided to consumer markets; suggested are the advantages ofall participants of the interaction process: to the farmers it is a stable market for food; to manufacturer it is aquality of agricultural raw materials in the right quantities; to consumers it isfood of high quality. The advantageof such cooperation for rural environment is the farmers’ well-being, which affects the development of rural areasthrough employment opportunities for rural residents, development of rural infrastructure, the development of non-agricultural activities in rural areas. With the help of supply and demand curves, and production possibilities curesauthor reflect the influence of food quality on the demand volume for agricultural raw materials. According to themodel, the conclusion is made: to receive food products of high quality, the user needs to pay the ultimate price,which, however, will affect the amount of support that a food manufacturer will allocate to the supplier ofagricultural raw materials. Paper shows analysis of support mechanisms for rural development by the companyNestlé, which is the world’s largest food manufacturer, with factories, offices and branches in more than 197countries around the world, including Ukraine. The main support mechanisms include the provision of high qualityplanting material, technical support, training and financial assistance to farmers. Considered is the «Hospodar»programm, which operates in Ukraine and is aimed to help Ukrainian farmers to meet the standards of Nestlé’s rawmaterials, so that the company could use local raw materials exclusively in the production of food in Ukraine. Withthe example of Nestlé’s conclusions are drawn, regarding the feasibility of promoting collaboration between thefood producers and suppliers of agricultural inputs.

114-124

Authors: Mnykh M. V.

Among the major problems of civilized societiesprominent place is taken by the social processes anddynamic changes, which reflect the results of social policy. Social processes related to the social status of citizens insociety are formed as a result of factors’ unity that creates appropriate conditions for the existence and developmentof the social structural components. Thus, every society creates its own type of social situation. The latter dependson their protection in the society, as it is a prerequisite that ensures minimization of social dangers of instability anddeterioration of population’s social condition. The main task of social policy is to harmonize social relations, toprovide socio-political stability and civil agreement in society. Thus, long-term social policy in Ukraine shouldprovide consistent increase of the level and quality of life, comprehensive human capital development based onstate’s social justice, social cohesion, social responsibility and its support for self-realization of every citizen. Ukraine integrates into the global society under the conditions of the development of new approaches to the contentof social relations. Accordingly, the European Union approved social criteria by which state’s social policy shouldbe formed and implemented: extension of freedom of lifestyle choices, life benefits, expanding educationalopportunities and creative skills, improving of material well-being and quality of life, improving health andincreasing the duration of labor activity, increased life expectancy, strengthening of national and social security.

146-157

Authors: Balakireva O. M., Bilous Ye. V.

Authors analyzed the dynamics of the involvement of the economically active population in the informal economy (in various practices and processes, such as corruption, shadow income, tax evasion); the level of involvement in extra-legal practices of bribery, as well as their causes. The prevalence of these practices suggests that there is a «normalization» of extra-legal practices –bribery, tax evasion, informal payments for services. It is determined that the socio-economic policy should be aimed at improving minimum social standards, improving the provision system of the state social assistance based on differentiation and addressing, taking into account family income and the income per household member; the formation of the middle class, the eradication of poverty; the introduction of economic incentives for preventing the undervaluation of skilled labor, its low cost (at the majority of public enterprises and organizations), and on the other hand, the introduction of economic levers of regulation of the expenditures related to the extremely high wages in some monopolized industries.

17-25

Authors: Proskura V. V.

Author analyses the role and functions of religious organizations and Church in general in theprocess of resocialization of convicted persons. Article dwells upon basic arguments regarding theinvolvement of the Church in aforementioned activity.

36-49

Authors: Anhelko I. V., Leh H. A.

The article dwells upon basic constituents of population’s life standard, namely material well-being,living conditions and social environment. The features and problems of each life standard componentare determined, taking into account the specific development of socio-economic processes in modernconditions of managing. It was discussed that under modern conditions there is a sharp decline inthe life standard of a considerable part of the Ukrainian population. Authors determined that thepresence of the work and receipt of wages in Ukraine does not protect from poverty and low standardof living. To survive in modern conditions, households must resort to searching for additional sourcesof income, which often is income in the shadow economy. It is noted that increasing the level of population’s living is the primary goal of any progressive society.

65-72

Authors: Semigina T. V., Gusak N. Ye., Trukhan S. O.

Authors consider the problems and needs of internally displaced persons, describe internationaland domestic experience of work with them, suggest key interventions in social work with internallydisplaced persons. The article emphasizes that the social support system of such persons should bebased on modern ideas revitalization and liberation from the need forsocial workers.

83-96

Authors: Balakireva O. M., Bilous Ye. V., Titar I. O.

Authors suggest analysis of the data from monitoring studies of protests, including protests witheconomic demands (their quantity, mass participation, perspective, and carrying out tactics andtheir interconnection with the macroeconomic indicators).

23-33

Authors: Belikova Yu. V.

The article dwells upon the concept of emotion management. Emotions are necessary for understandingsocial order, social exchange and social action. The need to manage emotions is based on the existence ofdissonance between expected emotions and observedones. The majority of modern professions requiresemotional effort: demonstration of expected interest, friendliness, courtesy, and absence of negativeemotions. The study of macroemotions caused by a particular phenomenon gives an opportunity toanalyze problem and to forecast social action.The purpose of the article is to present emotion management concept.The tasks are: to systematize sociological theories of emotions and to create theoretical and methodologicalframework of emotion management; to define emotion management functions and social mechanisms; to examine factors that influence emotions on macro-, meso-and microlevels; to identify main principles of emotion management. Theoretical and methodological basis for the emotion management concept is represented in sociologicaltheories of P. Bourdieu, E. Goffman, J.M.Barbalet, T.Parsons, K. Lewin, G. Mead, M. Weber, A.Hochshild, E. Lawler, S.R.Thye, P. Gretchen, P. Thoits, J.Stets, T.Kemper, P.Berger, T. Luckmann, H.Joas.The main functions of emotion management on macro level are social control and social integration.Management of group emotions performs communicative and adaptive functions. The main function ofemotion management on micro level is the development of emotionalintelligence.The social mechanisms of emotion management are socialization, identification, internalization of values(on micro level); adaptation, group dynamics (on mesolevel); communication and the development ofemotional capital of particular social institution or social group on macro level.The main principles of the emotion management and factors that influence emotions on macro-, meso-andmicrolevels were presented.

44-55

Authors: Dembitskyi S. S.

The suggested paper is the generalization of the 10-year experience of teaching courses on empiricalsociology at the universities of Kyiv, namely Open International University of Human Development “Ukraine”,Academy of Labour, Social Relations and Tourism, National Drahomanov Pedagogical University, NationalAviation University, and National Technical University of Ukraine “Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”. According toauthor’s observation departments of sociology of the aforementioned universities practice narrow approach to theapproval of the necessary courses of the empirical sociology. This approach lies in the fact that there is specificknowledge and related research skills that students should master. In accordance with this, instruction hours for therelevant disciplines are distributed. This approach suffers from a number of significant drawbacks that havenegative impact on the study process. The solution of this problem is seen in the implementation of a broaderapproach to the curricula development.It gives the priority to the use of larger courses dedicated to the researchapproaches rather than individual methods and techniques. The introduction of this broad approach is hampered bya number of obstacles in teaching empirical sociology. The firstobstacle is the existing curricula. While developingnew curricula, the department (faculty) is usually limited by the existing number of hours within particular courses.The next obstacle is related to the need for online learning support. The most effective way to do this is to use onlineeducational environments/interfaces. The main problem of their use lies in the significant organizational resistance,and when it is bared down–in the inertia of innovation implementation. The last obstacle is the insufficient numberof qualified specialists in empirical sociology. Of course, there is a sufficient number of qualified researchers, butthey often prefer self-realization in marketing, which not only provides an opportunity for professional growth, butis also better rewarded.

68-81

Authors: Savelyev Yu. B.

The originality of the study is revealing the connection of the social and cultural dimensions ofmodernization (emancipative values and tolerance) to the economic development of modern society. Empirical basisof research contains data of the fourth wave(2008–2010) of the European Values Study (EVS) with overall of 62157 respondents, GDP per capita (IMF 2009); Global Competitiveness Index (World Economic Forum The GlobalCompetitiveness Report 2009–2010), Human Development Index United Nations Development Program for 42 European countries. Methods of analysis are comparative and include descriptive statistics, ranking and correlationanalysis at a country level. The paper dwells upon an original concept of modern tolerance that is based on J.C.Alexanderunderstanding of civil sphere. Prevalence of modern tolerance is compared to its opposite form ofarchaic tolerance among the population of Ukraine as well as other European countries. Specificity of relationshipbetween modern tolerance and emancipative values (in terms of R. Inglehart’s definitions) was clarified in differentregions of Europe and peculiarities of Ukrainian society were defined in the European context. The analysisrevealed that in modern Ukraine archaic elements outweigh the modern oneswhich jeopardizes the modernizationprocess in general.Since tolerance is inextricably linked to national identity, it can be concluded that the spread ofmodern tolerance is possible only in the case of civic, but not ethnic development. Based on the data, the paperprovides recommendations to the Government of Ukraine and the Ukrainian media to promote national identity thatencompasses ethnic, cultural and civic components with the priority of the latter.

92-104

Authors: Prybytkova I. M.

The author characterizes the urban civilization cycles and corresponding proportion between the basicsectors of urban economics and its industry content in Ukraine. It is concluded that the latest changes in thestructure of employment in Ukraine and itscapital point at the successive deindustrialization occur because of thedegradation of domestic economy basic industries the and growth of employment in the tertiary (service) sector. Therefore, an all-Ukrainian transition to tertiarization of occupationsand to the post-industrial type of employmentbecame obvious. The post-urban forms of settling are examined as a product of urban civilization revolution.Thepaper dwells upon a necessity to revise traditional ideas of a city and to search for its new definitions, which couldreflect the essence of modern urbanization processes and forms of urban settling. The author adduces arguments infavor of the modern city notions as a system of interrelated settlements. A regular shuttle (or pendulous) labormigration of industrial and office workers within the systems of interrelated settlements is considered to be one ofthe basic system-forming relations, which unites city with other settlements into a single functional-spatial organismwith a specific mode of life in it. It is concluded that the socio-spatial settling structures have become morecomplicated, and the forms of urban settling and dynamics of their transformation have become more diverse aswell. The author analyzes economic functions of the pendulous type of labor migration and its role in foundationand mobile consolidation within the labor markets agglomeration.

124-133

Authors: Gorodetska G. I.

Housework sector has become a key employment segment for the majority of Ukrainian women in SouthEuropean countries such as Greece, Italy, Spain, and also among the neighboring countries, where Poland holdsspecial place. The lack of public care servicesfor the elderly, sick and children in these countries, undevelopedprivate market for these services, and an active involvement of women into the labor market outside their homebecame main reasons for seeking new ways to address the issue of care. This dilemma was solved by migrantwomen who, for relatively low pay filled this niche of the secondary labor market. Thus, the model of care “family”in these countries was transformed into a model of “migrant in the family”. Given the intimacy of a home, laborrelations between employers and Ukrainian females acquire a special character, unlike the employment relationshipin other sectors of the labor market. This type of relationship in the literature can be found as “patron-client”relationship. The basis of such employment relationship is “favour”, which is often provided by the employer to themigrant, e.g. registration of a legal status, addressing of various private matters. The immigrant, in turn, should “begrateful” for the employer’s help and to repay the kindness of the hosts with their work. Thus, the peculiarity of therelationship appears to be a combination of subordination between employer and employee, and their solidarity thatcreates fertile ground for exploitation. In terms of emotional involvement and dependence on their employers,migrant women feel themselves as “family members of their employers”, although sometimes as invisible ones.

142-170

Authors: Balakireva O. M., Dmytruk D. A., Sereda Yu. V.

The results of the study, conducted in December, 2006–March, 2015, reflect the dynamics of Ukrainian population’s self-assessments of their financial standing, the gap between desired and actual earnings, demarcationof income, the prevalence of shadow income, etc. Authors also present the trust level and role evaluation of theauthorities and various national and international organizations and institutions.