Ukrainian Society

7-22

Authors: Afonin E. A., Balakireva O. M.

The conformity criterion of the Ukrainian public service institute to the European standards is “the principle offunctionality” that permeates the organizational structure, authorities and activities of state officials, all aspects ofits personnel policies: selection, evaluation, placement, training and professional development. The functionalityprinciple in evaluation of civil servants professionalism means the need for reform of assessment procedures–transition from “external evaluation” (experts orby means of sociometry) to “internal self-evaluation” (with theuse of testing or self-evaluation). This is caused by fundamental changes that psychosocial human nature isexperiencing. Its former prevailing desire for the perception of the external formsof objects and things(extraversion) is changing to the predominant perception of the inner world (introversion). As a part of a pilot studythere was an assessment of the competence and operational readiness of government management personnel andauthorities of Ukraine, which by the end of 2014 amounted 12-19% of the required 36-87% for the productiveimplementation of management actions. The mechanism for further intensification and guaranteed development ofthe competence and operational readiness of civil servants and authorities can be discussed and adopted with theparticipation of the interested parties’ representatives, into a special system of measures by the National Agency oncivil service of Ukraine. This system will enable the intensification ofthe educational opportunities for the nationalsystem of education of civil servants, the introduction of national monitoring of functional competence of theUkrainian state government-administrative personnel and authorities, the reform of Institute’s annual assessment ofcivil servants as a tool for their career support from the state, making appropriate legislative norms of a special lawof Ukraine on public service.

34-43

Authors: Vakhula B. Y.

The purpose of this study is to clarify the functioning mechanism of the social media mobilization with afocus on protest forms of political participation. In the presented article, author outlines the difference betweentraditional and social media withthe focus on mechanisms of mass mobilization; analyzes the prerequisitesrelevance of this matter in modern Ukrainian society. In empirical part of the paper, the data of Omnibus studyconducted by the Department of History and Theory of Sociology, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv in Marchof 2014 (N-397) is presented. A number of parameters that characterize the respondents’ behavior in a socialmedia, and forms of respondents’ political participation offline were analyzed, using the index of destabilization ofprotest potential. Author found evidence to support that activity in social media is related to the form ofrespondents’ political participation, as in the conventional terms (through membership in NGOs) and inunconventional terms (through integrated index of destabilization potential of protest). At the same time there is aquestion which author was unable to answer whether the willingness of social media users is real or only a virtualpolitical activity.

56-67

Authors: Malyuk A. M.

The article compares approaches to the study of the contemporary development stage of the worldcivilization that were elaborated in the concepts of globalization and world-systems analysis (WSA). Theglobalization concept has been used in the social sciences since the 1980’s. At least for the last two decades it hasspread considerably, both in academic and public discourse. It may be noted that the globalization conceptcolonized the area of the social knowledge. The number of scholars claim globalizationis the idea that shouldoccupy the central place in modern scientific picture of the social world. The aim of forging the globalizationconcept is to overcome the state-centrist approach, which exhausts its epistemological, theoretical andmethodologicalpotential. Social science needs a new paradigm that can give an adequate explanation andunderstanding of the modern global system as a whole. But the concept of globalization is not yet able to be aconceptual base for a new paradigm because of its essentially contested nature and lack of sustainable meaning. The pioneer in overcoming of the state-centrism and creating of the theoretical tools to study the global whole in thelast quarter of the 20th century is I.Wallerstein’s world-systems analysis. It isemphasized that the study ofglobalization and world-systems analysis is competing analytical perspectives. While the globalization studiesconsider contemporary period of social development as a qualitatively new stage in global history, world-systemsanalysis argues that the essence of a new historical stage is the current global crisis of the capitalist system and itstransformation into the new historical system. The comparison of the globalization studies and world-systemsanalysis demonstrates that the latter provides more consistent picture of social reality. Reinterpretation of theconcept of globalization in terms of the world-system analysis as a process that is identical to the historicaldevelopment of the capitalist world-economy and as dialectical process of realization of the potential global natureof capitalism is proposed.

82-91

Authors: Yemelyanenko L. M.

The article dwells upon methodological and practical issues of the new employment forms development.Author formulates specific features of social and labor relations transformation, suggests new forms of employmentunder the influence of processes of globalization and informatization. Quantitative, functional, spatial and temporalflexibility are considered to be the most significant characteristics of renewal of labor relations in modernconditions of innovative transformations and intensification of information and communication technologies. Authordefines characteristic features of new forms of labour market subjects’ mutual relations, reflected in the use of non-standard forms of employment: contingent labor, part-time employment, remote working, and telecommuting. Papersuggests analyses of the contingent labor formation abroad and in the Ukrainian labour market. It is revealed thatthe increase in contingent labor is determined as a set of both positive influence that it makes to the livelihoods oflabour relations subjects, and number of negative consequences of socio-economic nature. The development of thecontingent labor institute in Ukraine is hampered by a number of unresolved problems of organizational and legalnature. A number of changes in domestic legislation that will resolve the situation with the contingent labor marketis required. The author studies the existence of non-standard forms of employment as a result of the informationproliferation and communication technologies. It is provedthat one of the most socially significant innovation in theworkplace is remote employment using the latest technologies (telecommuting). Constraints for the formation of thisemployment type in Ukraine are identified, where along with the main technological and economic constraints areregulatory ones. It is proved that for the full use of labour telecommuting legislative support, social security, theurgent improvement of the existing legislation is needed, which is possible by making orderly changes to the Code oflabour laws of Ukraine and the embodiment of legal initiatives with the recognition of new concepts “remoteworker”, “remote work”. Institutional approaches to the regulation of non-standard flexible forms of employmenton the national labour market are justified. It is proposed to make corresponding amendments to the tax legislation,labour legislation, in particular to the “Code of labour laws of Ukraine and Law of Ukraine “On employment ofpopulation”.

105-123

Authors: Titar I. O., Karnaukhova O. V.

The article is devoted to the comparative analysis of the direct contribution of civil society organizations(tertiary sector) to the economy and the labor market in the countries of the world and Ukraine. Authors describesubstantial progress in economicstatistics in the measurement of the economic contribution of civil societyorganizations and their integral part–volunteer activities. Quantitative indicators of the economic contribution ofcivil society organizations and volunteering, obtained by theJohns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies aresuggested. It is demonstrated that in developed countries, relevant organizations attract the proportion of thepopulation that far exceeds the level of employment in transportation, agriculture and communal services. Also thedata is presented on the generation of “tertiary sector” in the most economically developed countries the proportionof GDP, which is comparable with the contribution of construction and transportation industry. The observation ismade about the existence of an increasing trend in the proportion of civil society organizations, labor market, andthe GDP of developed countries. Conducted is comparative analysis with Ukraine, where about 13% of thepopulation is involved in various publicand political organizations, however only 1% of the economically activepopulation work for wages in public organizations, according to the approximate estimates, which is twice as lessthan in the post-Communist States of Eastern Central Europe. According to the estimates, the contribution of theUkrainian charitable organizations as one of the main components of the “tertiary sector” in GDP in 2012 was lessthan 1%. Authors analyzed possible reasons for this underrun of Ukraine from the countries of Western andCentral-Eastern Europe. Conclusions and recommendations are given regarding the possibility of strengthening thedevelopment reserves of the Ukrainian non-governmental organizations and their use for economic growth andemployment.

134-141

Authors: Nadraga V. I.

In the context of U. Beck’s «risk society» theory the latest trends of forced migration in Ukraine havebeen revealed. It is noted that during recent years Ukrainian society has been generating a number of its own risksand hazards that threaten the normal life of citizens. Migration risks are formed due to the action of three mainfactors: institutional, migrants’ behavioural strategies and the native population living in the area. At the sametime, power institutions can act as an additional source of risk for forced migrants and for the native population,due to the imperfection of managerial influence and public administration. In Ukraine there is no centralizedgovernment body which could comprehensively pursue the policy in addressing problems of internally displacedpersons. Majority of the forced displaced persons live in areas that are geographically close to their homes and arecontrolled by the Ukrainian government. Most of them will have a desire to return to their previous places ofresidence atthe end of hostilities and occupation. Today the absence of real prospects for regaining state controlover the temporary occupied territories requires adequate adaptation strategies as the short term necessity.Problems of the forced displaced persons threaten the national security of Ukraine. The consequences ofhumanitarian catastrophe in the East of the country are going to be enduring, so priority is to develop thefoundations of unified state policy for internally displaced persons. First of all, thefocus should be on ensuring thebalance between the interests of local communities and ensuring immigrants’ normal living conditions. Reintegration programs for forced displaced persons should be directed not only to support employment forimmigrants, butalso to promote socio-economic development of local communities by using available humanpotential of displaced persons.In the situation of uncertainty for forced internally displaced persons the most urgentproblem is a search for peculiar optimum between adaptation strategy for survival and individual’s orientation toactive steps in order to fully participate in labour activity. The government should provide material and informationsupport within the limits of available opportunities for those who remain in the temporarily occupied territory.