Animal Research International

3541 – 3549

Authors: FAGBOHUN, Ifeoluwa Kayode, IDOWU, Emmanuel Taiwo, OTUBANJO, Olubunmi Adetoro and AWOLOLA, Taiwo Sam

Mosquitoes are major vectors of infectious diseases transmitting malaria, lymphatic filariasis, yellow fever, dengue fever, zika and chikungunya virus. Resistance to DDT,pyrethriods and carbamates has been reported to different mosquito species in Nigeria. This investigation was carried out to determine the susceptibility status of mosquitoes in Lagos State, Nigeria to malathion. Mosquito larva were collected from four different Local Government Areas of Lagos, and reared to adult. Female adult mosquitoes were exposed to 5 % malathion insecticide test papers using WHO standard procedures and kits. Species identification was done using PCR assay. Suspected resistance was observed in Cx. quinquefasciatus from Kosofe and Alimosho with 24 hour mortality of 96 % and 95 % respectively. Other mosquito species and Cx. quinquefasciatus from Badagry and Ibeju-Lekki were fully susceptible 24 hours post exposure period. KDT50 and KDT95 for An.gambiae s.s ranges from 14.6 – 25.1 and 23.7 – 51.5 minutes respectively for all the location, KDT50 and KDT95 for Ae. aegypti ranges from 24.8 – 27.8 and 44.8 – 62.5 minutes respectively for all the location and KDT50 and KDT95 for Cx. quinquefasciatus ranges from 21.5 – 37.8 and 41.5 – 77.7 minutes respectively for all the location. The relatively high values of KDT50 and KDT95 in all assayed mosquito species call for urgent attention and may indicate the gradual development of malathion resistance to different mosquito species in Lagos. Regular insecticide resistance monitoring is needed and the indiscriminate use of unapproved organophosphate insecticides to be discouraged to forestall the development of malathion resistance in mosquitoes.

3559 – 3564

Authors: EMIKPE, Benjamin Obukowho, KONADU, Adwoa, FOLITSE, Raphael Deladem, BURIMUAH, Vitus and SHAIBU, Ewura

A retrospective and active abattoir survey were conducted from 2002 to 2013 and from November 2013 to March 2014 respectively to determine the major causes of kidney condemnation at Kumasi abattoir, Ghana and also to estimate direct financial loss associated with kidney rejection. Ten kidneys out of 690 cattle and 901 out of 1,052,907 kidneys were condemned respectively between the periods 2013 – 2014 and 2002 – 2013 respectively. The major causes for kidney condemnation were nephritis (33.3 %), putrefaction (25.6 %), tuberculosis (18.2 %), abscessation (13.1 %) and hydronephrosis (10.0 %). The overall direct financial loss from kidney condemned during the study period was estimated to be GH¢ 3,189. Factors such as age, sex, breed, season and festive periods were observed to influence the occurrence of kidney condemnation. The study recommends that attention should be given to the kidney during post mortem inspection as some of the causes of its condemnation were zoonotic.

3572 – 3577

Authors: AGAVIEZOR, Brilliant Ogagaoghene and OLOGBOSE, Festus Imonkhei

A total of twenty four does of New Zealand White (NZW), Dutch (DUT) and their crosses i.e. NZW x DUT were used to determine the effects of breed and dam’s body weight on litter weight and number of rabbits in South South Nigeria. The rabbits were kept in cages and were artificially inseminated and monitored for a period of one year. Data on body weight before mating (BWBM), body weight after mating (BWAM), body weight before kindling (BWBK), body weight after kindling (BWAK), litter size (LS) and litter weight (LW). Data generated were analyzed using Analysis of Variance(ANOVA). The results showed significant difference (p<0.05) in BWBM and BWAM in DUT and NZW x DUT breeds of rabbits, DUT recorded the highest values of BWBM and BWAM, while NZW x DUT had the least values of BWBM and BWAM. BWAK was significantly different between DUT and NZW x DUT. More so, NZW x DUT recorded the highest values for LS and LW. The results also showed that breed effect had negative correlation with BWBW, BWAM and BWAK with correlation values of -0.64, -0.64 and - 0.207 respectively. The breed of rabbits also revealed a high correlation between BWBM and BWAM. BWAK showed a high correlation between BWAM and BWBK. The information provided by this study revealed that breed and the body weight of the dam influenced litter weight and litter number which can be harnessed in improvement programmes for rabbits.

3587 – 3595

Authors: UGWUOKE, Garba Matthias and PEWAN, Shedrach

The study evaluated the effect of methanol extract of Parkia biglobosa root in Eimeria tenella infected broilers. One hundred and fifty broilers grouped into six treatment groups were used for the study as follows: uninfected treated with Sulfaquinoxaline (A), uninfected treated with extract (B), uninfected untreated; (control) (C), infected untreated (D), infected treated with Sulfaquinoxaline (E), infected treated with extract (F). Each broiler was infected at 28 days of age with 20,000 infective E. tenella oocysts and treated at day 7 post infection at a dose rate of 250 mg/ml in drinking water for 7 days. Carcass and organ weights were recorded at 35 days of age. There was significant difference (p<0.05) between the treated and untreated groups. In groups E and F, the gross findings showed a thickened and hemorrhagic caecae in 3 and 4 broilers each while in group D, 2 broilers had their caecae ballooned and filled with blood and tissue debris. Gross lesions were not observed in groups A, B and C. In group F histopathology showed that the lymphoid tissues of the Bursa of fabricius were highly reduced and the liver in groups D, E and F showed slight lymphocytic infiltration. No mortality was recorded. This study proved that the root bark of P. biglobosa has no harmful effects on organs of treated broilers, because P. biglobosa extract appeared to have improved carcass weight and significantly reduced clinical signs of coccidiosis such as blood stained droppings consistent with E. tenella infection in broilers.

3603 – 3610

Authors: SAM, Idorenyin Meme, UKPANAH, Unwana Anietie and UDOFIA, Itoro Etim

Two breeds of rabbits New Zealand white (NZW) and Chinchilla (CHA) were crossbred to produce both pure and crossbred genotypes. Four genotypes NZW x NZW, CHA x CHA, NZW x CHA and CHA x NZW were generated to obtain one hundred and twenty (126) kittens, examined for the influence of genotypes on body weight and morphometric traits performance. Body weight an d morphometric traits were measured early in the morning at weeks 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10. The traits measured were body weight (BWT), body width (BWD), Neck length (NL), leg length (LL), ear length (EL), body length (BL), heart girth(HG), shoulder to tail (ST) and thigh length (TL). The data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance and phenotypic correlations between body weight and morphometric traits as well as among morphometric traits were estimated. The results indicated that genotype had significant (p<0.05) influence on body weight and other morphometric traits measured with cross bred NZW x CHA genotype showing superiority in body weight and other morphometric traits than other genotype studied at all ages. Positive high (p<0.001) and significant (p<0.05) correlations were established among the morphometric traits measured, and between BWT with other morphometric traits except the relationship with BWD and ST at week 10. It was concluded that NZW x CHA had a significant higher performance in body weight and morphometric traits in the study area and thus should be recommended to farmers to meet protein requirement of individuals in the area of this study.

3620 – 3630

Authors: ABONYI, Festus Otaka, UGWU, Patience Chinasa and AMECHI, Chizobam Doris

This study accessed the effects of dietary inclusion of Gut Balance Booster (GBB) on performance of weanling pigs. Twenty four six week old weaned Large White x Landrace pigs of mixed sexes were randomly assigned into two groups of 12 piglets each. Each treatment was replicated three times with four pigs in each replicate. They were fed diet A (normal starter diet without GBB) and diet B (starter diet with GBB at 2.00 Kg/ton). Feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), haematology, serum lipid profile, faecal egg count, shedding of selected bacteria and cost-benefit of the additive were determined. Results showed that there was no significant difference (p≤0.05) in daily feed intake, FCR and weight gain. However, the values favoured the supplemented group (1.16 ± 0.10 vs. 1.06 ± 0.13 Kg, 2.61 ± 0.34 vs. 3.04 ± 0.23, 485.29 ± 59.12 vs. 355.00 ± 40.30 g). Haemoglobin, PCV, RBC, WBC and lymphocyte counts were higher in group B. Lipid profile showed no significant difference (p≤0.05) in the two groups. The GBB reduced faecal strongyle eggs output, salmonella species, Escherichia coli and significantly increased Bacillus subtilis. Net revenue due to GBB supplementation significantly improved within the experimental period. It was concluded that in pigs, dietary inclusion of GBB at starter phase improves gut health, growth performance and is cost beneficial.