International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science

6-16

Authors: Dr. Chandrasekhar Putcha, Lakshimi Lavanya Bandaru, Dr. Hakob Avetisyan

This paper deals mainly with establishing a relationship between three parameters, namely, Ethics, Economics, and Politics using the concept of utility theory. It also shows application of utility theory to Transportation Engineering. Ethics is generally connected to virtue, good social behavior etc. Economics in general deals with profit maximization. Politics, as is well-known deals with a political climate in any given country directly relating to the leaders of that country. In a general sense, one can see the relation between these three variables. This is because the economic policies that are followed by any country will depend on the party in power and the political leaders. Therein comes the concept of ethics whether policies followed deal only with the sole objective of profit maximization with no consideration of ethics or they are based on some kind of ethical values. In particular, this paper will study in detail the two opposite philosophies proposed by Galbraith (1991) and Drucker (1993). Galindo and Cuevas (2008) state that four basic principles shape the fundamental and ethical criteria in economic behavior. These are 1. Ethics deals with “values”. 2. These values must be widely established in society. 3. Economic behavior must pursue an individual interest. 4. At the same time, the economic behavior must pursue a common interest. While the principles 1 and 2 are more of philosophical nature and so this paper will not focus on these. It is the principles 3 and 4 that this paper will concentrate. While Drucker seems to advocate principle 3, Galbraith advocates principle 4. However, the work reported by Galbraith seems to indicate that he supports a welfare state while the work of Drucker indicates that he supports the importance of the third sector i.e. non-governmental organizations, charity organizations etc. Nevertheless, the point remains is that some kind of efficiency criteria should be developed to reduce social inequalities. It is this part that this paper will focus on after going through in detail the two opposing theories of Galbraith and Drucker. At the end of the paper, application of utility theory is illustrated to Transportation Engineering.

26-34

Authors: Lieyu Kandolo Jacques et Lubini Ayingweu Constantin.

This study assessed the capacity of forest regeneration in the shrub grass formations of the Kinshasa region of post-stem regrowth disturbance of potential woody regeneration constituents on the eastern flank of the hill "Mont-Amba." Inventories were carried out on 1 hectare using transects over a total length of 1000 metres; inventoried 156 strains of 24 species from 24 genemis and 17 families. Euphorbiaceae and Rubiaceae dominated with 25% of the total. Chaetocarpus africanus Pax. (20,5 %) and Hymenocardia ulmoides Oliv. (15%) have dominated with and constitute fast-growing species, indicators of the potential afforestation to replenish forest recrus. Their presence offers the possibility of forest regeneration. The frequency and spatial distribution of these strains indicate a distribution of the aggregate, contagious and isolated type. The resistance and regrowth of these strains assume that their protection from disturbances induced by bushfires, cuttings and ploughing can lead to the recovery and regeneration of forest recrus and grass formations on the outskirts of Kinshasa.

41-46

Authors: Dr. Tamilselvi*1, R.Deepa2

Background: The issue of menstrual hygiene acknowledged and has not received proper attention. Use of sanitary pads and washing the genital area are essential practices to keep the menstrual hygiene. Unhygienic menstrual practices can affect the health of the girls and there is an increased vulnerability to reproductive tract infections and pelvic inflammatory diseases and other complications. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the knowledge and practice of menstrual hygiene among adolescent girls at Mappedu in Thiruvallur district. Method: The approach of this study was quantitative study in nature. The research design that was used to achieve the objectives of the study is descriptive study. This study was conducted in rural area at Mappedu. The population of the study comprises of fifty adolescent girls. The sample taken from rural area. Rural area adolescents in the age group of 13-17 years. Convenient sampling method. Results In Knowledge assessment 7(14%) members were Inadequate knowledge 36(72%) were moderate knowledge and 7(14%)members were adequate knowledge. In assessing practice 14% were good practicing,72% were averagely practicing,14% poorly practicing. Conclusions: The findings show that the knowledge and practices of menstrual hygiene is low. Awareness regarding the need for information about good menstrual practices is very important.So health education programs should be setup to create awareness and practice of good menstrual hygiene.

51-60

Authors: Jiala Mafo Jules1, Hongbing Cheng2

Cloud computing is becoming a priority for companies who want to improve the quality of their services. Unlike traditional solutions, where IT services are subject to appropriate physical, logical, and personnel controls, Cloud Computing moves application software and databases to large data Centers. However, data and service management may not be completely reliable. this data is the target of several network attacks, which aim to interrupt, intercept, modify and manufacture the information. therefore, it is critical to managing these attacks in the end to improve the use and adoption of the cloud. In this article, we present the different types of cloud services, deployment models, and architecture of Cloud computing with a special focus on security issues with Encryption and Decryption, and RSA algorithm. Also, the solutions for users to overcome some of the security issues are addressed in this paper..

6-13

Authors: Afnan Mohamed Ali, Klimya T S

An emerging and promising simple wireless communication system which is microcontroller-based and measure the values of soil moisture, pH level of the natural environment that are continuously modified and controlled in order to use them in optimized way to achieve maximum plant growth and yield is presented here. It communicates with the sensor modules in real-time in order. The system also employs a GPRS-based system for keeping the user continuously informed of the conditions. The AC devices can also be controlled by the user via his computer. The Solar tracking system provides power for the whole system. Solar energy tracking system converts maximum solar energy into electrical by proper alignment of solar panel depending upon the sun position. Thus the tracker system will keep the solar panel perpendicularly aligned with respect to sun so as to trap maximum solar energy. The sun's positions are determined by the photo sensors whose output is given to microcontroller, which is designed in an embedded software platform. The microcontroller depending upon the sensor information will align the solar panel through a DC motor. Index Terms—Embedded software platform, GPRS, Solar tracking, Sensor modules.

19-23

Authors: Dr.G.Bhuvaneswari1*, M.Soniya2*

Dental diseases are the most prevalent chronic diseases worldwide and a costly burden to health care services. An estimated 5 billion people World Wide suffer from dental caries.The WHO (2013) occupational risks as one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality.Descriptive research design was used with 100 samples who matched the inclusion criteria were selected by Simple random sampling technique. The quantitative approach was used. The sample size for this present study was 100 children from VI and VII standard who all are studying Government higher secondary school at Avadi. Demographical variables were collected by using self structured questionnaires. Out of 100 samples 30(30%) members had mild knowledge, 30(30%) members had moderate level of knowledge, 20(20%) members had severe level of knowledge and 20(20%) members had none level of knowledge.There is a poor understanding of the dental erosion by children and parents. More preventive interventions that are targeted at young children are required to promote a healthy lifestyle. KEY WORDS: Dental erosion, risk factors of dental erosion, school children

28-34

Authors: Mrs.Meena.P1*, Ms.Tabithal Rani.J2

ABSTRACT: The Main objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of massage therapy in terms of level of pain perception and birth experience among primi gravida mothers .To associate the reducing pain perception with demographic variables among primi gravida mothers .

43-47

Authors: Mrs.S.Vimala*1 B.Jayalakshmi2

An interventional study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of prone position on reduction of after pain among postnatal mother who had normal vaginal delivery at Government Hospital Thiruvallur .Quasi Experimental design was adopted 30 postnatal mothers in experimental group and 30 postnatal mothers in control group were selected by purposive sampling technique who were in the second day of delivery to third day of delivery and out of the effect of pillow were included for the study. Informed consent was obtained from the selected mothers after brief explanation of the study and intervention. A post-test was done using the Numerical rating score scale. The postnatal mothers were explained about the procedure and the assessment tool. The postnatal mothers were encouraged to empty the bladder, to assess the pretest level of after pains numerical pain scale was used, followed by selected nursing interventions such as prone position along with supporting pillow .This procedure was repeated for 3 days in the interval of 10 mins for 3times within the 24 hours morning, afternoon, evening of the same day. Then at the end of the procedure the post intervention level of after pains was assessed by using the same 0-10 Numeric Rating Scale. The findings proved prone position along with pillow support was very effective to improve the level of after pain among postnatal mothers who had normal vaginal delivery. KEY WORDS: Prone position, pain reduction, afterpain, vaginal delivery, postnatal mothers, alternative therapy

53-57

Authors: Mrs. Vimala1*, Ms.Soniya2, Ms.Sowndhariya3, Mr.Suryakaran4, Ms.Swetha5

Unintentional injuries are major causes of morbidity and mortality in children, resulting in over 630,000 deaths annually in children less than 15 years of age in 2011(WHO, 2016). Worldwide, South-East Asia (SEA) alone contributes to 31% of the burden of injury and 27% of injury related mortality (Chaturvedi et al., 2008). In India, injuries are the fourth leading cause of death in children under 15years age (WHO, 2008). National Crime Bureau and few independent studies reveal that nearly 15%-20% injury deaths occur in children (Zaidi et al., 2013). 100 samples under five mothers who met the inclusion criteria were selected by using simple random sampling technique. After selecting sample, the investigator explained the purpose of the study and informed consent was obtained. Demographic variables were collected by structured questionnaires. The data were tabulated and analyzed by descriptive statistics. The results shows that out of 100 samples 20 (20%) members had inadequate knowledge, 35 (35%) members had moderate level of knowledge, and 45 (45%) members had adequate level of knowledge.

63-70

Authors: Dr. G.Bhuvaneswari1*, Ms.R. Sangavi2

Urinary incontinence is one of the most common lower urinary tract disorders in women, resulting from failure of voluntary vesicle and urethral sphincter control, which results in involuntary passage of urine. Although urinary incontinence is not a normal consequence of aging, age-related changes in the urinary tract do predispose the older person to incontinence. A pelvic floor muscles exercise is the most common physical therapy for women with urinary incontinence. Pelvic floor muscles exercises will have better improvement and will reduce signs of urinary incontinence. Hence a study aimed to assess the effectiveness of kegels exercise in prevention of urinary incontinence among elderly women.METHODS: Experimental research design was used with 60 samples who matched the inclusion criteria were selected by purposive sampling technique. Demographic variables were collected by using self-structured questionnaires.RESULT: Out of 60 samples8(13.33%) elderly women have slight level of urinary incontinence, 50(83.33%)elderly women having moderate level of urinary incontinence, 2(3.33%)elderly women having severe level of urinary incontinence. There is a poor pre-test among 60 samples. Post-test shows that kegels exercise is effective in prevention of urinary i0ncontinence among elderly women.CONCLUSION: Kegels exercise is the best physical therapy in the treatment of mild and moderate urinary incontinence.

80-85

Authors: Naresh D Bandodkar1, Nithesh R Kashyap2 and Arjun S3

this paper describes the design as well as analysis of a mechanical lifts which works on the principle of screw jack and concepts on of lean management. It gives the basic idea on implementation of height adjustment mechanism, mechanism analysis and conceptualization on the platform along with the help of various mechatronic devices, pneumatic cylinder, and sensor. The entire paper is divided into two methods of solution. The lifts, a staple of mechanical design, especially in competitive robotics, industries, factories and various applications, are a type of linkage that can be used to raise a load to some height, when acted upon by some force, usually exerted by a pneumatic. Hence, there needs to be a concrete way to analytically compare different cylinder positions. However, all current research into the analysis of scissor lifts either focuses only on the screw jack configuration, or derives separate force expressions for different cylinder positions. This, once again, leaves the decision between different cylinders positions to trial and error, since the expression to test the potency of the position can only be derived once the position is chosen. This paper deals with analysis and design of pneumatic scissor lift. Catia is used for modeling purpose, meshing for analysis work i.e. to check stress, strain, displacement and deformation induced in the system.

102-105

Authors: Ms.L.Parimala1, Ms. K.Timple 2

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is a childhood developmental disorder. It is a persistent pattern of inattention, hyperactivity or impulsivity that is more frequent and severe than is typically observed in individuals at a comparable level of development. The objectives of the study are to assess the level of knowledge regarding attention deficit hyperactivity disorder among Government Primary School Teacher and to associate the level of knowledge on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder with the selected demographic variables among Government Primary School Teachers. Descriptive design was adopted for the study. Convenient sampling technique was used to select the 60 Government Primary School Teachers. The data was collected, organized and analyzed in term of descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The study results show that among 60 primary school teachers, 70% were female teachers, with respect to their age 33.3% belongs to both 31-40 years and 41-50 years, 86.6% were graduated B.Ed,, 46.6% having teaching experience of above 15 years. Out of 60 samples 32(53.3%) had inadequate knowledge, 16(26.6%) had moderate level of knowledge and 12(20%) had adequate level of knowledge regarding Attention deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. The study findings suggest that majority of primary school teachers working in Government Schools had inadequate knowledge regarding Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and it’s is important to educate Primary School Teachers regarding different teaching module for an effective education among Attention deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

6-13

Authors: Ekuru Ebyau Edward1, Andima Moses2 Geofrey Bakkabulindi3 Prof. Latin Okidi4

In this study, the subject of Economic Dispatch (ED) for a hybrid power network comprising of renewable energy (662 kWp Solar PV), non-renewable diesel generators (500, 320, 200 KVA) and energy storage system (655 kWh for 10 hour) is considered. The study which sought to determine an economic operation of the hybrid system by optimizing generation, energy storage and discharge. The study also considered silent costs such as: starting, shut, ramping and storage costs for all the associated units. This ED was formulated as an optimization problem solved using Mixed Linear Integer Programing techniques (MILP). The results indicated a total daily cost of USD. 3780.9 for a total load of 7.94 MW with poor PV generation up take. The study proposed a load increase and profiles which resulted into a total generation of 10.2 MW with a cost of USD 2,065.4 with over 95% PV utilisation. Overall, the results indicate that renewable energy dispatch in a hybrid mode does not necessary present the most economical dispatch under all conditions.

25-28

Authors: Prof. C. Santhamma

A method for the expansion of (a+b+c+d+e+…….. m terms)n (+ve integer) raised to the power of any +ve integer is carried out using the basic principles laid down by Jagadguru Sankaracharya of Puri Mutt (Sri Bharati Krishna Tirtha Maharaja). The procedure adopted by considering the sum of seven elements being raised to the positive integer four. This finds application in determining roots of numbers including decimals and also of the imperfect roots. The method is applicable in the determination of roots of polynomials and is most general for any number of elements the sum of which being raised to any +ve integer.

6-10

Authors: 1Krishna Kumar, 2Rekha Dangwal & 3Rachna Shah

DC system is backbone of any power plant. Electrical protection and emergency lighting of the power house depends on the DC supply, and also DC supply is required for monitoring and data logger devices. If the DC supply fails, it may possible to occur uncontrolled situation which may harm to man and machine. Due to this a dedicated team is required round the clock to maintain uninterrupted DC supply.

23-27

Authors: *Dr. Seema Rani

Many researches have revealed that inappropriate and unhealthy institutional environment has resulted in to teacher’s increased level of alienation, low morale and job dissatisfaction affecting their professional commitment adversely. Psychologists emphasized that human working environment is extremely important. It depends on teacher’s own perception as to what will make him unhappy or dissatisfied. Rewarding and supporting, good achievement, organizational involvement influence teacher’s professional commitment. All the hypotheses were tested statistically by applying t-test on the dependent variable, professional commitment. Two groups defined as above mean and below mean were formed. High professional commitment emerged 170 college teachers while low professional commitment have 80 college teachers. Overall generalization is that these environment specific factors significantly affect college teacher’s professional commitment. Quality of environment plays an important role in the development of college teacher’s professional development. In order to improve the quality and standards of higher education the Education Commission (1964-66) made a number of recommendations. The National Policy on Education (1968) was a significant step in this direction. While the achievement of these policies were impressive, the system of higher education remained weak and grew weaker year after year. The Government of India, then, formulated and issued another policy in 1986 which considered higher education a “crucial factor for survival”. This policy hinted upon improving and strengthening the organizational behaviour of college and universities and made several suggestions for making the system work” emphasizing that “All teachers should teach and all students study”. Not much could come out of this also. College teacher’s organizational behaviour ditched still further. This necessitated investigation into the determinants of the quality and standards of higher education. Undoubtedly, there can be a number of such factors and conditions. But, the teacher and his organizational behaviour may be considered the most basic factor. Quite a large number of college teachers and academicians in their informal talks express that since long professional commitment of teachers has been missing in colleges and universities for several reasons. This has rendered all efforts of government on qualitative improvement of higher education ineffective. This may or may not be correct. But, it seems imperative to establish the current status of college teachers’ professional commitment and also to identify factors and conditions that determine its high and low status. This may help administrators and policy makers to be more knowledgeable in this regards. This may also enable them to take appropriate action for boosting status of teachers’ professional commitment. Many concerned people in the field, quite frequently, ascribe the reason for this lack of commitment to various factors ranging from government’s inappropriate policies and administrative decisions to institutional environment and lack of teachers’ competence. Many researches have revealed that inappropriate and unhealthy institutional environment has resulted into teachers’ increased level of alienation, low morale and job-dissatisfaction affecting their professional commitment adversely. Hence, it is emphasized by psychologists and social scientists that understanding of human working-environment is extremely important if effective human functioning is to be ensured. Environment is a highly elusive concept and may include any condition that affects teachers’ professional commitment. It depends on teachers’ own perception as to what will make him unhappy or dissatisfied. But, some environment-specific factors may be commonly perceived as derogatory to their professional commitment. It is proposed to find out how the following environment-specific factors influence teachers’ professional commitment. 1. Rewarding and supporting environment. 2. Emphasis on goal-achievement. 3. Organizational involvement. It is hypothesized that presence or absence or emphasis on these in the environment of college may be linked in some way with college teachers’ professional commitment.

6-19

Authors: Atul Jaysing Patil, Arush Singh

Power transformers perform a pivotal role in a power system network in ensuring reliable power supply to electricity consumers. This paper contributes the concept about different types of transformer protection so that will be more helpful for investigating the protection system of the transformer. In this Paper, an effort is made to put together developments in the protection of the transformer. Efforts have been made to cover all the techniques and philosophies used to that end. The article includes the most recent techniques and traditional techniques of the transformer. There are many important parts installed in the transformer which is very costly so these have to be safe in an abnormal condition. Transformer performs a great job in the power system to change voltage and current level so proper protection for the transformer is important to maintain reliability in the system. Usually, a well-designed transformer protection system provides a great life without any uninterrupted power supply. To increase life, efficiency, overall performance then reduces stress on the transformer is the only way so this protection system help here to observe those things properly.

26-34

Authors: S.S.Manaktala, K.M.Singh , Kanika Jain

This paper is a review of quantization phenomena in nanomaterials. Dimensions of nanomaterial are reviewed and Quantum concept is analyzed. The influence of band structures on the physical properties of quantized structures is studied. Energy level and effective mass calculation through equations are understood. Finally quantized electronic structure of semiconductor is studied.