International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science

14-20

Authors: Vyacheslav V. Lyashenko1, Mohammad Ayaz Ahmad2, Oleg A. Kobylin3

An analysis of images is the powerful tool of research in various fields of knowledge. One of directions of application of such analysis is a computer processing of text information. There is defined a number of problems among existing variety of methods of image processing of a text, where a wavelet procedure of fusion of images is in the basis. There is carried out a number of experiments for the purpose of a substantiation of possibility and expediency of application of wavelet procedure of fusion of images for the computer processing and the analysis of text information. As a result of the carried out experiments, a complexity of a choice of a fusion method of investigated images and an estimation of quality of such fusion are shown. Necessity of use of adaptive procedures is proved at a choice of a fusion method of approximating and detailing coefficients of wavelet expansion.

26-33

Authors: Ramesh S. Yevale1

An Instant search is said to be effective when it gives faster retrieval of answer set with minimum computational time. Fuzzy search needed for queries that are mistypes due to several reasons. Fuzzy search used to improve user search experiences by finding relevant answers with keywords similar to query keywords. We are using phrase threshold value which is used to limit the answer set generated by instant fuzzy search. For that main challenge is that to improve the speed of performance as well as minimize answer set to retrieval of desired documents for the user query. At the same time, we also need better ranking functions that consider the proximity of keywords to compute relevance scores. In this paper, we study how to compute proximity information into ranking in instant-fuzzy search while achieving efficient time and space complexities. A phrase base indexing technique is used to overcome the space and time limitations of these solutions, we propose an approach that focuses on common phrases and trie indices in the database. We study how to index these phrase threshold value and compare user threshold for effective answer set and develope an computational algorithm for efficiently segmenting a query into phrases and computing these phrases using algorithm to find relevant answers to the user query.

42-46

Authors: Shivamanth A., Pramod K. Kolase, Shama P S. Mayank K. Desai, Atul K. Desai

The lightweight deflectometer (LWD) is currently essential instrument for further characterization of soil and their properties like modulus of elasticity (E) and deflection values. There are a number of commercially available LWD designs that yield different deflection and elastic modulus values. This provides good data to prescribe target deflections and elastic modulus values during earthwork construction analyses, this result gives the proper design for the given location. This paper presents on detailed study of LWD instrument and some of the review papers. The influence of the accelerometer versus geophone, measurement of base plate versus ground surface, LWD rigidity, and applied load pulse were investigated through field-testing. Several Researchers have used stress sensors to measure in-situ stress levels from various loading conditions and devices are shown in literature revive. The use of a portable light weight deflectometer (LWD) for construction quality control and material investigation for earthworks and road construction. In the field of non-destructive testing of soil, the portable deflectometer devices have discovered , in the modern years, a wide use for in-situ assessment of elastic properties of soils, sub-grade and pavement foundations. The LWD- induced surface wave strain levels at a1m offset from the LWD were found to be on the order of 10.2 to 10.3% compared to the10.3 to 10.4% strain levels associated with conventional small hammer-induced surface waves. The measured low and high strain modulus compares well with published modulus reduction functions. The minimum LWD modulus value was obtained for sand-1, sand-2 and sand-3 layer, which was represents 19.0, 41.7 and 21.6 MPa respectively. The highest coefficient of variation was obtained for sand layers which goes up to 55.8% for sand-1 layer.

52-61

Authors: P. Deivanayagam1*, I. Malarvizhi1, S. Selvaraj1D.P. Rufus2

The inhibition efficiency of kingiodendron pinnatum leaves extract on Zinc in Natural Sea Water environment. It has been investigated on various concentrations of inhibitor as well as temperature by mass loss measurement. The observed results indicate that the percentage of inhibition efficiency is increased with increase of inhibitor concentration as well as temperature. Thermodynamic parameter viz (Ea, Qads, ∆Gads, ∆H and ∆S) suggests that the adsorption of inhibitor is chemisorptions, exothermic and Spontaneous process. The Corrosion product on the metal surface in the presence and absence of inhibitor is characterized by UV, FT-IR and SEM-EDX Spectral techniques.

74-81

Authors: Bhavik Panchal

To find method of detecting selfish and misbehaving node for providing better security in routing of adhoc network. First of all generate the adhoc network. In Adhoc network nodes are mobile so the network topology may change rapidly and unpredictably over time. The network is decentralized, where all network activity including discovering the topology and delivering routing messages is executed by the nodes themselves, so one or more of them may misbehave and disturb the network. The misbehavior or attack can be of many types. In the network the node can work in two ways by exhibiting selfishness or misbehaviour and cause disturb once in the network by using different type of attack. To identify or detecting malicious or selfish node Intrusion Detection System (IDS) system is developed. It has different architecture for to detect malicious or selfish node. One is Stand Alone architecture and other is Distributed and co-operative architecture. I will use Watch-Dog mechanism to detect selfish and misbehaving node that agree to forward packet but fails to do so. Path-rater is mechanism used for removing path from cache that contain malicious or selfish node.

95-107

Authors: Tushar G. More1, Pankaj B. Autade2 .

Pond ash is wastes and by-products of Thermal power plant, have been introduced into Indian concrete industry to conserve natural resources of ingredients of concrete. In India, most of the Thermal power plants adopt wet method of ash disposal. Pond ash is collected from Thermal power plant at the bottom, in that it contains significant amount of relatively coarser particles (spanning from 150 microns to 2.36 mm). Pond ash utilization helps to reduce the consumption of natural resources. Also it is help to solve the problem of disposal of Pond ash because it contains huge amount of chemical compounds such as SiO2, Al2O3 etc. These chemical compounds (SiO2, Al2O3) are plays an important role in hydration reaction and helps to produce bond between two adjacent particles. Use of Pond Ash in concrete is an important eco efficiency drive. It is necessary to find the exact suitable percentages of pond ash so that it is decided to use in varying percentage as 0%, 5% 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%. And to check the properties of fresh concrete and hardened concrete such as slump and compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength respectively. Also concrete plays an important role in long life period of structure so it is also important to check effect on durability by using sulphate attack, chloride ion penetration, drying shrinkage. Study shows the basic properties of Pond ash. It also compares these properties with natural sand. Partial replacement does not cause any adverse effect on properties of fresh concrete. The result shows that concrete giving good strength with partial replacement of fine aggregate. As well as Pond ash is the good if used as filler material in concrete. Thus, it is suitable to use pond ash as fine aggregate or partial replacement with natural sand.

113-119

Authors: Shital S. Biradar , Sushilkumar N. Holambe

Publish/Subscribe system is a system used for sharing data between the users of the system. Here we are considering content based Publish/Subscribe [9] System. In Content based Publish/Subscribe [9] System messages are routed according to the content of the message. This System can also be called as messaging System. This paper presents an approach to provide security in the publish/subscribe system by using the credentials of the user and it uses broker-less network for the dissemination of the message. Here we are providing identity based encryption [1] for the security purpose and message can be decrypted by only those subscribers who are having credentials with the message. In this system users are divided into two classes .The user can be Publisher of the system (who is providing information to the system in the form of messages or events) and second is subscriber (who is consuming information provided by the publisher according to their subscriptions). This paper presents mechanism for providing authentication, Confidentiality and Scalability.

125-132

Authors: Nikhil Roy1, Jeevan Jacob2

Safety in an inevitable factor to be considered in construction industry. Absence of safety measures can cause accidents in construction sites leading to injuries or even fatality. On the other hand, modern technologies have the potential to improve construction safety. In this context, the Objective of this study is to identify the construction safety issues and develop technical solutions for that. For the purpose, (1) extensive literatures survey was conducted to get insight into the problem and (2) questionnaire survey in construction sites was conducted to establish the major safety issues. Based on these studies solution concepts based on radio frequency identification (RFID) was proposed. Personal Protection Unit (PPU) checking system and a proximity alert system were developed using RFID and tested. Also a Building Information Modeling (BIM) based fall protection plan and a proactive safety plan to be submitted to authorities was developed.

144-147

Authors: Ajinkya Ingle, Anjali Kante, Shriya Samak, Anita Kumari

In today’s highly developed world, every minute, people around the globe express themselves via various platforms on the Web. And in each minute, a huge amount of unstructured data is generated. This data is in the form of text which is gathered from forums and social media websites. Such data is termed as big data. User opinions are related to a wide range of topics like politics, latest gadgets and products. These opinions can be mined using various technologies and are of utmost importance to make predictions or for one-to-one consumer marketing since they directly convey the viewpoint of the masses. Here we propose to analyse the sentiments of Twitter users through their tweets in order to extract what they think. Hence we are using hadoop for sentiment analysis which will process the huge amount of data on a hadoop cluster faster.

153-158

Authors: Manveer Joshi, Bikrampal Kaur

Internet of Things is an evolving concept with an ever increasing range of applications leading to development of new technologies and methods for the development of IoT environment. A smart home is one such application of IoT. In this paper a framework for smart home is proposed using Constrained Application Protocol which provides a method to control sensors and actuators remotely over the Internet. An application using Constrained Application Protocol is developed to demonstrate the smart home concept by incorporating light, temperature and humidity sensors. The application is developed using Contiki and simulated with the help of Cooja simulator. Also an experimental evaluation of the suitable medium access layer protocol and radio duty cycle protocol for smart home infrastructure.

181-190

Authors: Anupam Mourya1, Rajesh kumar2, Sanjeev Kumar3

The objective of this paper is to study the load frequency control problem associated in two-area electrical power systems. In the present work some attention is given to single area power system, but the main emphasis is on the two area interconnected electrical power system. At first uncontrolled system is studied and then improvement of its response is learnt on the application of integral controller and PSO. All the study is done using MATLAB software both in SIMULINK and Workspace windows. By comparing the simulation of PSO based controller and workspace controller results obtained. By using matlab Software, a good agreement between these results is obtained. Thus the response of PSO controller is suitable than response of other controllers available

197-202

Authors: Rajesh Velpula

Superconducting fault-current limiters (SFCLs) have been the subject of research and development for many years and offer an attractive solution to the problem of rising fault levels in electrical distribution systems. SFCLs can greatly reduce fault currents and the damage at the point of fault, and help improve the stability of a power system. The resistance of an SFCL should be chosen to limit fault currents as much as possible. Not only does this benefit an electrical system through reduction in the potentially damaging effects of high fault currents, which is the primary purpose of the SFCL, but increasing the limitation of fault currents also has a consequence of shortening the recovery time of the SFCL by reducing the energy dissipated in the resistance of the SFCL. Superconducting fault-current limiters (SFCL) provide a new efficient approach to the reliable handling of such faults.(SCFLs) can be used for various nominal voltages and currents, and can be adapted to particular limiting characteristics in case of short circuits. Electrical equipment that controls high fault currents can increase the security of the network and allow power equipment to be designed more cost effectively. SFCL allows electrical interconnections of existing systems, which would not be possible without limiters .Finally, the SFCL is introduced in the higher capacity system. Thus, it is revealed that the outstanding current limiting performance of SFCL can be used to limit the fault to the level of the existing switchgear.

215-218

Authors: Samira Nigrel[1], Asmita Patil[2], Pratiksha Bharmal[3], Jagruti Kadam[4], Jagruti Babaria[5]

— With the large number of companies using the Internet to distribute and collect information, knowledge discovery on the web or web mining has become an important research area. Basically data mining techniques are used in web mining. Web mining is extended version of data mining. Data mining is work upon Off Line whereas Web mining is work upon On-Line. In data mining data is stored in (database) data warehouse and in web mining data is stored in server database & web log. The expansion of the World Wide Web (Web for short) has resulted in a large amount of data that is now in general freely available for user access. The different types of data have to be managed and organized in such a way that they can be accessed by different users efficiently. Therefore, the application of data mining techniques on the Web is now the focus of an increasing number of researchers. Several data mining methods are used to discover the hidden information in the Web. However, Web mining does not only mean applying data mining techniques to the data stored in the Web. The algorithms have to be modified such that they better suit the demands of the Web. Web mining can be divided into three areas, namely web content mining, web structure mining and web usage mining (also called web log mining).Web content mining focuses on discovery of information stored on the Internet, i.e., the various search engines. Web content mining is the process of extracting useful information from the contents of web documents. Content data is the collection of facts a web page is designed to contain. It may consist of text, images, audio, video, or structured records such as lists and tables. Application of text mining to web content has been the most widely researched. Issues addressed in text mining include topic discovery and tracking, extracting association patterns, clustering of web documents and classification of web pages. Research activities on this topic have drawn heavily on techniques developed in other disciplines such as Information Retrieval (IR) and Natural Language Processing (NLP). While there exists a significant body of work in extracting knowledge from images in the fields of image processing and computer vision, the application of these techniques to web content mining has been limited. Web structure mining can be used when improving the structural design of a website. The structure of a typical web graph consists of web pages as nodes, and hyperlinks as edges connecting related pages. Web structure mining is the process of discovering structure information from the web. This can be further divided into two kinds based on the kind of structure information used.

231-236

Authors: 1Dr.S.Mohan Kumar ME [CSE]., Ph.D[CSE]., 2Prof. Karthikayini.T BE [CSE}., ME[CSE].,

Best practices and processes in higher educational technical institutions are at most important and so much in demand. Enforcing the good practices and processes will lead and ensure the Quality assurance in Educational System. Establishing the Quality Assurance system is most expected practice and process in higher educational technical institutions. QAS should be formulated for monitoring the quality parameters in higher educational institutions. The National Assessment Accreditation Committee and National Board of Accreditation recommends for formulating various committees to effectively implement, monitor and control the Quality. The Medical checkup is essential for any person after certain age to self evaluate their own physical and mental performance and position, Likewise all the higher educational technical institutions should conduct academic audit to evaluate and identify their academic and administrative performances, and also strengths and weaknesses. The audit reports will express the status that where we are and finding solutions or initiating improvement activity will facilitate the Quality assurance for our higher educational institutions. Best practices and processes should be adopted and implemented properly to achieve the quality education. In this paper few best practices adopted and measurable results achieved are presented briefly.

242-249

Authors: Kuldeep.K.Jagtap1, Dhananjay.R.Dolas2

Vehicle suspension design includes a number of compromises to provide good leveling of stability and ride comfort. Suspension system has to perform complexity requirements, which includes road holding and equality, driving pleasure, riding comfort to occupant. Riding pleasure depends on vertical acceleration, with main objective to minimize vertical acceleration. In this work, the geometric parameters of suspension system are optimized using Matlab as an optimization tool. The values of tire deflection reduced from 0.023 to 0.021 m and Seat acceleration reduced from 34.19 to 31.86 m/s2.

257-265

Authors: Udagandla Lokesh1 B.Krishna Sagar2

With the spread of services related to cloud environment, it is tiresome and time consuming for users to look for the appropriate service that meet with their needs. Therefore, finding a valid and reliable service is essential. However, in case a single cloud service cannot fulfil every user requirements, a composition of cloud services is needed. In addition, the need to treat uncertainty in cloud service discovery and composition induces a lot of concerns in order to minimize the risk. Risk includes some sort of either loss or damage which is possible to be received by a target (i.e., the environment, cloud providers or customers). In this paper, we will focus on the uncertainty application for cloud service discovery and composition. A set of existing approaches in literature are reviewed and categorized according to the risk modeling.

269-277

Authors: P.shiva kumar 1, P.Balamurali2, Ch.Ravikumar3

To extract maximum energy from the photovoltaic(PV) systems maximum power point tracking (mppt )technique in conjunction with power electronic circuits is used .Because of low maintenance, suitable for all climates and wide power range photovoltaic power generation has become more important, main disadvantages in PV systems are high initial cost and low energy conversion efficiency .To improve energy efficiency it is required to run PV system always at maximum power point .so ,far different methods are proposed by researchers for extracting maximum power. This paper presents detail implementation of perturb and observe mppt using buck and buck –boost converters. Some results such as current voltage output power for each various combinations have been recorded. From the results it is observed that perturb and observe mppt conjunction with buck converter has less power loss from panel side to converter side out of all other converters . The simulation has been accomplished in software MATLAB math work

303-313

Authors: 1B. O. Omijeh and 2 E. Vurebel

In this paper, the Simulated Design of Channel Noise Reduction Model for effective Communication has been achieved. It is the comparative study of noise reduction technique using Simulink in Matlab work environment.The study is based on simulation of noise behavior in communications channel by varying the input parameters (Message Signal Amplitude, Noise Power, Input Power of Channel and Signal to Noise Ratio(SNR)); and the output:signal (strength and noise amplification) and measurements taken. The ODE3 (Bogacki-Shampine) solver with fixed step was used to model simple sine wave function for the message signal and Band-limited White Noise as the source. The signals were passed through the Additive White Gaussian Noise Channel and the parameters varied. The output signal was connected to a display block and scope for proper measurement. Again, Gaussian filter was introduced at the output of the channel for noise filtration and reduction; and a gain block added to improve the signal output. Transitional delay was also added to smooth out the final signal output. The results obtained from the measurement confirm that introducing the Gaussian filter offers significant improvement in signal strength over communication channel

320-336

Authors: Hosny Abbas1*, Samir Shaheen2

The increased complexity and dynamism of present and future Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) enforce the need for considering both of their static (design-time) and the dynamic (run-time) aspects. A type of balance between the two aspects can definitely give better results related to system stability and adaptivity. MAS organization is the research area that is concerned with these issues and it is currently a very active and interesting research area. Designing a MAS with an initial organization and giving it the ability to dynamically reorganize to adapt the dynamic changes of its unpredictable and uncertain environment, is the feasible way to survive and to run effectively. Normally, MAS organization is tackled by what is called, MAS organizational models, which are concerned with the description (formally or informally) of the structural and dynamical aspects of agent organizations. This paper proposes a two-dimension space, called MOS-2, for positioning and assessing MAS organizational models based on two dimensions: their adopted engineering viewpoint (agent-centered or organization-centered) as the vertical dimension and the agents awareness/unawareness of the existence of the organizational level as the horizontal dimension. The MOS-2 space is applied for positioning a number of familiar organizational models. Its future trends and possible improvements are highlighted. They include the following, (1) adding Time as a dimension, (2) increasing the considered dimensions, (3) providing a quantitative approach for positioning MAS organizational models.

342-356

Authors: Dr. Amit chaudhary Chem. Dept., D.S. College, Aligarh

Kinetic measurement of the hydrolysis of di–5-chloro, 2-methyl aniline phosphate ester has been carried out in the acid range 0.1 to 6.0 mol. dm-3 HCl at 80 + 0.5 °C in 20% aqueous dioxane mixture. The inorganic phosphate obtained in overall hydrolysis has been estimated colorimetrically by Allen’s modified method [1]. The overall systematic ionic data proves the presence of acid catalysed hydrolysis. In the hydrolysis of diester conjugate acid, neutral and mononegative species have been found to be reactive, but in this discussion only conjugate acid species have been given. The first order rate coefficients have been calculated using integrated form of the corresponding rate equation. The rate coefficients estimated by the above equation are fairly in good agreement with experimentally observed rate. Arrhenius parameters, Linear free energy relationship etc. have been used to propose probable machanism. Temperature, solvent, substrate concentration effects etc. have been studied to find out the participation of water molecule, bond-fission and molecularity of the reaction.

370-374

Authors: Rishabh Shukla

A nested Gm-C compensated three stage Operational Amplifier is reviewed using gm/ID based approach. With the given specifications such as Gain, Phase Margin, Input common mode range and Unity gain frequency, operational amplifier has been designed in such a way that all the transistors are biased in moderate inversion. Spice simulations are carried out using TSMC 180 nm technology. The simulated results show agreement with the specification for 1.8 V supply.

382-396

Authors: Amrutha.K.M, Dr. Mahesh Pattabhiramaiah and Anusha.P.K

Wolbachia surface protein (WSP) is an eight beta-barrel, trans-membrane structure, which participates in host immune response, cell proliferation, pathogenicity and controlled cell death program. The current study employs the bio-informatics tool to unravel the structural and functional properties of the WSP infecting drosophila. The present study was focused on sequence analysis, insilico prediction of the secondary and tertiary structure of wsp sequence. Sequence analysis and physiochemical properties revealed that this protein is highly stable, negatively charged and having more hydrophobic regions. SOPMA was used to predict secondary structure of wsp, which revealed that the protein contains more of random coils and extended strands than alpha helix and beta sheets. SVM prot analysis revealed the functionality of protein including the details of metal binding sites. Multiple sequence alignment was performed using MUSCLE server which revealed highly conserved regions. The RNA structure was predicted by using Genebee service software, a set of homologous sequences as the stems with their free energy. The protein orientation and trans-membrane region was predicted using TMpred, which will be useful for drug designing. The predicted 3D model was analyzed using Swiss Model which will be helpful for further structure based studies.

408-412

Authors: 1V. Harikrishna, 2 K. Sathish Kumar

A novel switched-capacitor-based cascaded multilevel inverter is proposed in this paper, which is constructed by a switched-capacitor frontend and H-Bridge backend. Through the conversion of series and parallel connections, the switched capacitor frontend increases the number of voltage levels. The output harmonics and the component counter can be significantly reduced by the increasing number of voltage levels. Phase opposition disposition technique is used as multicarrier modulation. The circuit topology with intended control strategy is examined for voltages, currents and THD of the system. The proposed system with POD PWM technique is implemented on MATLAB/SIMULINK model design for analysis that confirms the feasibility of proposed multilevel inverter.

420-441

Authors: A Animhons1*, D. Nirmalkumar2, A. Johnsree3

The analysis of scramjet engine is a well-known problem when compared to other engine simulations. I intend to analyze the scramjet engine using the software package Fluent – Gambit. This analysis describes the flow field through the scramjet engine. The engine is modeled using Gambit and imported to Fluent. The boundary conditions are specified accordingly to simulate cold flow conditions. In this context, an attempt has been made to investigate the flow field and analyze the graphical results obtained using Fluent. Here, the computation has been carried out at supersonic speed to solve the flow field variable. The results are obtaining in graphical format for temperature, velocity, pressure and Mach number variation along length of the engine. The analysis is intended for various inlet Mach no (2, 3 and 4) conditions. The results will be further sharpened by refining grid and by using various viscous models. Fluent is a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software package to simulate fluid problems. It uses the finite-volume method to solve the governing equations for a fluid. It provides the capability to use different physical models such as incompressible or compressible, in viscid or viscous, laminar or turbulent, etc. Geometry and grid generation is done by using Gambit which is the preprocessor bundled with Fluent. Modeling, meshing and solutions of flow variable around the complex geometry have been solved using this software. The various features of the preprocessor, solver and postprocessor of the software are being highlighted in below analysis.

462-470

Authors: Dipti Thakur, Sagar Singh Rathore

In the transmission of any signal it is often contaminated with different noises. ECG (electrocardiograph) is the measure of electrical activity of heart and it is used for the diagnosing cardiac diseases, but before the analysis of this ECG signal we have to denoise these signals properly. since ECG is non-stationary signal, wavelet based denoising of ECG signal is considered along with it for simplicity of filters, FIR filters are used and performance of both is compared in terms of signal to noise ratio, time elapsing.

478-492

Authors: NYIRABUHORO Pascaline, MUGERWA Theophile*, NDIKUMANA Jean de Dieu, MUNGANYINKA Jeanne Pauline, NDAYISHIMIYE Jean Claude, UWAMUNGU Placide

Textural analysis carried out for the sediments of the Nayakkankuppam coast revealed that inlet part is dominated by fine sand, central part is dominated by medium sand and outlet part is dominated by coarse sand. The grain size parameters namely Mean size (MZ), standard deviation (σ1), skewness(Ski), and kurtosis (KG) of percentile values derived from the cumulative curves following Folk and Ward and the moment technique based upon grouped data are most widely used. It is observed that in Nayakkankuppam, most of the samples were fallen in the moderately well sorted to well sorted nature. Skewness measures asymmetry of frequency distribution and marks the position of mean with respect to median. The fine skewed nature of the sediments clearly exhibits sediment input from various sources of tributaries. The finely skewed nature is also implies a low velocity than normal, this skewness data indicated that the sediments are nearly symmetrical to fine skewed, the median class of the sediments dominate almost throughout their distribution. The kurtosis data indicated Mesokurtic to platykurtic. The CM pattern divulged that the sediments were transported bottom suspension and rolling as well as graded suspension. The comparison with the tractive current diagram, the berm samples fall in beach environment, the remaining samples fall in beach and tractive current environment.478

496-502

Authors: Sivakumar P.1, Kanagappan M.2 and Sam Manohar Das S.3

The present study in raw tannery effluent is to investigate the biochemical parameters in the gill, muscle and liver of Danio rerio. The study is conducted to determine the carbohydrate, protein and lipid content in the muscle, liver and gills of Danio rerio exposed to sublethal concentration of tannery effluent for 45 and 90 days. The results showed significant decrease in the carbohydrate, protein and lipid content levels in exposed fish, Danio rerio after 45 and 90 days exposure when compared with control, it was concluded that the effect of the presence of toxic substance in the tannery effluent on different organs act differently depending on the duration of exposure time.

514-524

Authors: Manu Isaac Yaw1, Asiedu Emmanuel2, Yalley Peter P. K.3, Denutsui K. Senyo2

Indiscriminate disposal of cocoa pod husks has been a threat to the environment especially in cocoa growing communities thus the need to explore alternative ways of utilizing this waste product. This paper examined the suitability of CPHA as a stabilizer in the production of stabilized earth bricks. Laboratory experiments were conducted on compressed earth bricks to investigate the effects of the CPHA on their compressive strength, dry density, abrasion resistance and water absorption characteristics. The earth bricks were moulded with different percentages of Cocoa Pod Husk Ash consisting of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%. Using a mould dimension of 200mm x 100mm x 75mm, earth bricks were manually casted and cured for 28 days. Data results showed remarkable improvement in all the properties studied on the earth bricks but varied depending on the ash content. The study also revealed that cocoa pod husk ash can be used as a stabilizer in the production of earth bricks especially when the Cocoa pod husk ash content is 10% by weight as higher ash contents slightly decline the engineering properties.

528-540

Authors: Natalya Kumar

Abstract Tuberculosis (TB) is a widespread infectious disease caused by various strains of mycobacteria, usually Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is spread through the air by a person suffering from TB and typically attacks the lungs. A single patient can infect 10 or more people in a year. More people in the developing world contract tuberculosis because of a poor immune system. India has the highest burden of TB in the world, an estimated 2 million cases annually, and accounting for approximately one fifth of the global incidence. It is also estimated by the World Health Organization (WHO) that 300,000 people die from TB each year in India. Eighty per cent of TB patients are in the economically most productive years of their lives. The purpose of the current work is to analyze the TB case notification statistics for India and the Treatment Outcomes of Notified TB Cases to make future predictions. Estimating Tuberculosis disease burden is important for planning, monitoring and evaluating the TB control programme.

547-555

Authors: Pritimanjari Sahu#1, Prof. P. K. Das*2

Transient response of one dimensional advective dispersive transport problem to approach from unsteady to steady state is determined. Explicit Finite-Difference numerical technique is used to find the numerical solution of transport equations. Also MATLAB code is developed for the numerical solution. The effect of different parameter changes with respect to spatial distribution at a particular time has been compared and time required from unsteady to steady state with respective parameter change is determined. As dispersion coefficient and decay constant enhances, the concentration of solute enhances but time required to approach from unsteady to steady state enhances in case of dispersion coefficient where as reduces in case of decay constant. Also as velocity enhances, the solute concentration enhances and time of approach reduces. Effect of Peclet number on solute concentration with respect to spatial and temporal variation also analyzed.

561-566

Authors: Ms. Minal S.Sonmale1, Prof. Rajaram H.Ambole2

Twitter has allowed millions of users to share and spread most up-to-date information which results into large volume of data generated every day. Due to extremely useful business information obtained from these tweets, it is necessary to understand tweets language for downstream applications, such as Named Entity Recognition (NER). Real time applications like Traffic detection system, Early crisis detection and response with target twitter stream required good NER system, which automatically find emerging named entities that are potentially linked to the crisis and traffic, but tweets are infamous for their error-prone and short nature. This leads to failure of much conventional NER techniques, which heavily depend on local linguistic features, such as capitalization, POS tags of previous words etc. Recently segment-based tweet representation has showed effectiveness in NER.The goal of this survey is to provide a comprehensive review of NER system over twitter data and different NER approaches to improve their effectiveness in named entity recognition applications.

571-577

Authors: Kusuma J, Dr. K N Narasimha Murthy

Medical Image fusion is a process of combining multiple images of same or different imaging modalities into single image to increase the information content in the image and also to reduce the randomness and redundancy which will be used for clinical applicability. The multi-modal fusion of medical images has shown notable achievements in clinical accuracy. This survey provides listing of different imaging modalities, fusion algorithms, performance metrics and the proposed method. A new technique called Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) method on Shearlet Transform (ST) is proposed to improve the information content of an image by fusing images like Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) images. Initially source image is transformed into shearlet-image by using ST. Then SVD model is used in low-pass sub-band and modified selected sub-bands as per their local characteristics. The compositions of different high-pass sub-band coefficients are processed by ST decomposition. Then the high and the low sub-band are fused. Finally, Inverse Shearlet Transform (IST) is used to reconstruct the fused image.

583-590

Authors: D.Sagar kumar1, D.Vijaya kumar2

This paper proposes to solve this issue using a voltage controlled converter that behaves as a shunt controller, improving the voltage quality in case of small voltage dips and in the presence of nonlinear loads. Shunt controllers can be used as a static var generator for stabilizing and improving the voltage profile in power systems and to compensate current harmonics and unbalanced load current. This paper presents a single-phase PV system that provides grid voltage support and compensation of harmonic distortion at the point of common coupling thanks to a repetitive controller. In this paper, the PV inverter not only supplies the power produced by the PV panels but also improves the voltage profile. The presented topology adopts a repetitive controller that is able to compensate the selected harmonics. Among the most recent Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithms, an algorithm based on the incremental conductance method has been chosen. It has been modified in order to take into account power oscillations on the PV side, and it controls the phase of the PV inverter voltage. The designed PV system provides grid voltage support at fundamental frequency and compensation of harmonic distortion at the point of common coupling. An inductance is added on the grid side in order to make the grid mainly inductive.

606-609

Authors: Mrs. Komal Jagdale¹, Prof. Asha Pawar²

Data owner outsource the data due to cost reduction and poor management to the cloud which provide data as a service. Data owner then lose control over the data, because cloud service provider becomes a third party provider. Traditionally, data owner encrypt the data and export it to the cloud seems a good approach. But it has some drawbacks like decryption computation overhead, revocation of user and privacy preserving. A secure and flexible attribute-based broadcast encryption (EP-ABBE), which reduce the decryption computation overhead by partial decryption, and protect user privacy. Based on EP-ABBE, efficient and privacy preserving data sharing scheme in cloud computing was presented, where data owner can flexibly encrypt the data using access policy and implicit user index set. User revocation can be achieved by dropping revoked user’s index from the user index set, with very low computation cost and the privacy of user can be protected.

618-632

Authors: Anu Tonk

This paper presents phase frequency detectors (PFDs) with the five different designs which are Standard gate based logic, DCVSL, TSPC logic, CML logic and Modified CML logic The simulation results are focused on accounting the frequency operation of PFDs considering an input frequency of 100 MHZ .The PFDs have been designed using 0.35μm CMOS technology on SPICE simulator with 3.3V supply voltage. All PFDs are designed to be dead zone free. Results reported in the paper compare and concentrate on fast frequency operation, a low output noise, dead zone and power dissipation. When compared to all the logics S_PFD consumes least power, the minimum delay is experienced by TSPC_PFD and Modified CML_PFD. DCVSL_PFD observes the least output noise.

640-643

Authors: Dr. K. BALAJI, M.E, Ph. D*, V. KRISHNARAJ**

The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using a Granular activated carbon-biofilm configured anaerobic fluidized bed reactor for treating textile dye effluent Textile dye effluent may include many types of dyes, detergents, insecticides, pesticides, grease ,oils, sulphide compounds, solvents, heavy metals, inorganic salts, and fibers. In amounts depending on the processing regime. Color removal of effluent from the textile dyeing and finishing operation is becoming important because of environmental concerns. Various physico-chemical, biological processes and usually a combination of processes are applied to treat them to meet regulatory discharge limits. In this study combination of adsorption and biodegradation of textile dye effluent in anaerobic fluidized bed reactor was tried to study the performance of the designed reactor for treating textile dye effluent.

654-667

Authors: Nguyen Thi Thanh Loan

Nowadays, besides the economic development, public health and health activities are concerned. In Vietnam, the number of hospitals and treatment requirements are increasing. Since 1997, the legal texts of hospital waste management are issued. Hospital operation is discharging a large amount of waste types, when not managed and handled efficiently, causing serious environmental pollution, effects on the patients, people living around the hospital. Thu Duc District Hospital is one of the major hospitals, in particular of Thu Duc District, in genetal of Ho Chi Minh City. The number of patient visiting for healthcare is increasing to 2,466 times/date. However, environmental management in the hospital has many drawbacks. This study assessed the hospital’s medical waste management status quo (solid, liquid and gas emissions). Results showed that: the coordination in waste management between the functional departments and among employees is not unified; staff’s awareness is not prescribed; the arrangement of medical garbages, hazardous waste, handling systems are not scienctifical and hygiene; the loss of solid medical waste is difficult to control (1,470 kg solid medical waste/day); passive in handling medical waste by no private incinerator but for centralized processing city. The study proposed solutions included: infection control, hospital sanitation; management measures: the law, policies and measures for planning, building management systems and measures for classifying, collecting, transporting, storing waste, environmental economic measures; technical measures: waste water treatment systems, solid waste, hazardous waste and emissions.

677-682

Authors: Reena Shukla 1, Dr. Rajeswara Rao K.V.S 2

India has carved a name for itself as a globally renowned garment manufacturing center for its durability, quality and beauty. The textile and garment industry contributes about 14% to industrial production, 5% to GDP and 11% to the country’s export earnings. This sector also provides employment to about 45 million people. However, various studies quote that India’s success in the global garments market has been at the cost of the basic rights of labor force especially the females and migrants. Karnataka is a major apparel sourcing destination for the global market. The garment industries in Karnataka are concentrated mostly in Bengaluru where some of the largest export houses of the country exist. From the systematic review of literature and interactions with the industry experts, it was understood that the work environment in a majority of the garment manufacturing industries is unsafe and unhealthy. The workstations are poorly designed with unsuitable furniture, lack of ventilation, inappropriate lighting, and excessive noise. This poor working environment adversely influences the performance of the workers which in turn reduces the productivity of the manufacturing units. This work deliberates on the environmental audit carried out in several sections of the garment industry to see if the working environment is favorable to the workers. Environmental parameters such as noise level, illumination and temperature were measured using instruments such as sound level meter, luxmeter and hand held thermometer and were compared against OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) standards. The study revealed that the workstations were designed with congested work area, poor illumination, high temperature, improper ventilation. Hence appropriate intervention strategies have been suggested to improve health, safety and comfort of people in the working environment.

691-698

Authors: Mr. Avinash S. Patil1, Prof. Atul V. Kulkarni2, Dr.V. B.. Pansare3

Many heat transfer enhanced techniques have simultaneously been developed for the improvement of energy consumption, material saving, size reduction and pumping power reduction. The effect of divergent channels is a good way to promote the flow mixing in channel flow. When if we use divergent channel then we get flow difference means low pressure drop it is also called pressure recovery. By using bump in the divergent channel it can help us to increase the heat transfer enhancement and bump surface present the highest performance of the heat transfer enhancement. The bump surface act as extended surface (fin surface) and the main purpose of extended surface to increase the heat transfer rate. The advantages of the divergent channel with internal Bumps are fluid mixing is more as compared to cylindrical pipe, pressure drop is less and boundary layer separation occurs as well as the heat transfer coefficient increases 25 to 35 % as compare to plain divergent channel. where inserts are used in the flow passage to intensify the heat transfer rate, are advantageous compared with active techniques, because the insert manufacturing process is simple and these techniques can be easily employed in an existing heat exchanger.

714-719

Authors: Merlin Jose1, Aji Joy2

This paper presents a design and implementation of new smart home system that uses Wifi technology as a networking solution connecting its parts. With the development of ubiquitous computing, smart home services will no longer be limited within the house limits, but also the extends throughout the geographical constraint, and the service will support the activities of each and every member of house even out of home. The proposed system consists of three main parts- Intelligent monitoring and control module, web server and control device. Using the system user can monitor the status of smart appliances, control the power status of smart appliances, and control the device status according to the particular device configurations. By the control device (smart phone) with Wi-Fi, the user can control the working status of smart appliances. The system consists of a Web-server based on PHP, intelligent monitoring modules using an LPC1769 and the Android compatible Smart phone app. The proposed system is extendable since it allows configuration of new devices.

729-735

Authors: P R Pavani,Mohammad Mohasinul Huq N

The dynamic power dissipation in the NOC is mainly due to coupling effects between on chip interconnections in deep submicron VLSI designs. Coupling effect between the interconnections not only enhances power-delay product but also decreases the signal to noise ratio and increases signal distortion due to cross talk noise obtained by capacitance and inductance.as technology shrinks the power consumption in NOC links is start compete with the NOC routers. In this paper we proposed flit inversion techniques which reduces both coupling activity in adjacent links and self-switching activity in particular data links. Before data enters into network interface we encode the data flit and decode at destination end of the NI.. From the result we get the reduction in power and energy consumption areup to 35% and 20%, without degradation of performance

744-747

Authors: Akhil Kanade, Sourabh Gune, Shubham Dharamkar, Rohan Gokhale

The main objective of developing this system is to present an automated way to generate the subtitles for audio and video. By replacing the tedious method of the current system will save time, reduce the amount of work the administration has to do and will generate the subtitles automatically with electronic apparatus. This system will first extract the audio, then recognise the extracted audio with the available speech recognition API. Later the recognized audio is converted to the text and saved in text file having extension “.srt”. Later on, this “.srt” file can be opened in a media player to view the subtitles along with video.

761-769

Authors: Purnendu K Dash,

A subframe is a structural component of vehicle, that uses a discrete, separate structure within a larger body-on-frame or unit body to carry certain components, such as engine, drive train and / or suspension. The subframe is bolted and or welded to form a single assembly, which is bolted to the vehicle frame or cabin structure. The principal purposes of using a subframe are, to spread high chassis loads over a wide area of relatively thin sheet metal of body shell, and to isolate vibration and harshness from the rest of the body. Weight optimized design of subframe has many distinguished advantages. Since, it carries load of engine, suspension and steering components of the vehicle, it has to be designed for least weight, but without compromising the strength. It requires thorough study of current design, areas of failure and key design considerations. Care should be taken while design to understand properties of material and its suitability for various production methods. A technical study needs to be done to derive most cost-efficient concept. The motive behind the project is to optimize subframe for commercial vehicle application. Optimization has to be done in terms of material selection, no of parts selection, manufacturing process of individual parts as well as assembly so as to reduce the overall weight to a minimum value by extensive use of finite element method.

779-786

Authors: Christabel Rebello, Marshall Pereira, Roysten Rodrigues, Aarti Gokul

Robots are devices that mimic the appearance of a natural being. These robots interact with people directly. Thus making the interface user friendly .The early device was mainly based for navigation and controlling robot without any natural medium .To expedite a practical solution to this requirement we have implemented a system in which we will send commands to the robot using hand gesture method and we have also included an edge avoiding technique. With the help of this method the user can control the robot with his fingers. The image processing technique is used for capturing these commands. Thus making the robot move in required direction

800-809

Authors: #Ramesh Chand Meena, *Mahesh Bundele

IPv4 addresses are already depleted in Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) and have exhausted in Regional Internet Registries (RIRs) while more clients are continuously adding into the Internet. IPv6, as the only available next generation Internet protocol, is still not commercially successful accepted because a scheme that could solve the migration of IPv4 resources to IPv6 network, as well as mutual communication between the two incompatible protocols, has not been fully developed and deployed. Translation solution provides a proper approach to address this problem. In this review paper, we reviewed research papers presented by the researchers between 2007 and 2015 related to IPv4 & IPv6 resource migration and protocol transition schemes and observed issues related network security, addressing and error detection in the implementation of IPv6.

818-824

Authors: A.Vijayalakshmi, Dr.S.Babu

— Reasoning on a Web scale becomes increasingly challenging because of the large volume of data involved and the complexity of the task by means of ontology mapping. Ontology mapping processes users’ queries that can provide more correct results when the mapping process can deal with the uncertainty effect that is caused by the incomplete and inconsistent information used and produced by the mapping process. Here, an IDIM concept is used to deal with large-scale incremental RDF datasets. Resource Description Framework (RDF) is an important data, presenting standard of the semantic web to process the increasing RDF data. MapReduce is a widely-used parallel programming model that can be used to represent uncertain similarities created by both syntactic and semantic similarity algorithms. The proposed One-Class Clustering Tree (OCCT) characterizes the entities that should be linked together. The construction of TIF and EAT significantly reduces the re-computation time for the incremental inference as well as the storage for RDF triples. Therefore, users can execute their query more efficiently without computing and searching over the entire RDF closure used in the prior work. The final results are evaluated by comparing it against benchmark models in web information gathering.

831-837

Authors: Mr. Krishna Sharma*, Mr. Pranav Salunke

Pressure drop is predicted across the orifice when atmospheric air is flowing through it at different flow rate. For this purpose MATLAB code is created. Experimental data of pressure drop is compared with the output of MATLAB code. Values of experimental and calculated pressure drop are nearly same. This MATLAB code is useful to predict the pressure drop. To analyze the flow through orifice ANSYS FLUENT is used for CFD analysis. k-epsilon model is used to simulate turbulence flow in axisymmetric orifice. CFD results demonstrate the following parameters: axial velocity profile, static pressure, and contour of velocity inside the orifice. Numerical result matches with experimental one.

846-849

Authors: Ambuj, Nishant Anand

In this thesis work we have suggested offline recognition of isolated handwritten characters of Gurmukhi script. We have also prolonged the work by applying the same methodology to recognize handwritten Gurmukhi numerals. In our work we have considered 35 fundamental characters of Gurmukhi script all assumed to be isolated and bearing header lines on top to recognize. In numerals, handwritten elements of ten digits from different writers are considered. Gurmukhi numerals using three characteristic sets and three classifiers. Among three characteristic sets, first characteristic set is comprised of distance profiles having 128 characteristic . Second characteristic set is comprised of different types of projection histograms having 190 characteristic. Third characteristic set is comprised of zonal density and Background Directional Distribution forming 144 features. The three classifiers used are:- SVM , PNN & K-NN The SVM classifier is used with Radial Basis Function kernel. We have observed the 5-fold cross verification accuracy in the case of each characteristic set and classifier. We have obtained the optimized result with each combination of characteristic set and classifier by adjusting the different limits. The results are compared and trends of result in each combination of characteristic set and classifier with varying limits is also discussed. With PNN and K-NN the highest results are obtained using third characteristic set as 98.33% and 98.51% respectively while with SVM the highest result is obtained using second characteristic set as 99.2%. The results with SVM for all characteristic sets are higher than the output with PNN & K-NN.

855-861

Authors: Chaitany Maccha1, K.S.Mangrulkar2

Cylindrical components have many applications in aircraft design. These structural components are subjected to cyclic stresses, which can cause damage and premature failure by fatigue crack growth. As it is well known, the design of engineering components in the past was only based on the S-N curves and did not consider the crack initiation and crack growth phases to predict life. The stress intensity factors of surface notch on circular bar have been evaluated by singular element with detailed mesh on crack front and appropriating adjacent area. The attention is focused on a circular bar with notch surface crack under tension load. Stress intensity factors (SIF) are considered using the finite element method. For that purpose a straight round bar under tension is investigated. The stress intensity factors are calculated for various dimensions of surface cracks. Using the derived analytic formulae for the stress intensity factor based on the FEA, a crack growth analysis is carried out.

873-897

Authors: Preeti Jain*

An exact analysis of heat transfer accompanied by mass transfer flow of a Casson fluid past an exponentially accelerated infinite vertical plate with Newtonian heating in the presence of radiation is presented here. The governing coupled linear partial differential equations are transformed into linear ordinary differential equations by using non-dimensional variables. The resulting equations have been solved analytically using Laplace-transform technique. Closed form solutions are obtained for velocity, temperature and concentration profiles for different governing parameters. The paper intends to show unique results for a combination of heat transfer and chemical reaction in a Casson fluid flow. Expressions for shear stress in terms of Skin friction, the rate of heat transfer in terms of Nusselt number and mass transfer in terms of Sherwood number are also obtained. All the numerical results with various values of embedded flow parameters are analyzed graphically and their physical aspects are discussed in detail.

910-915

Authors: Amruta Chore, Akanksha Goel, Mily Lal

Nowadays, Low power designs is a very hot topic in electronic systems. The high speed and low power dissipation required in multigigahertz communication systems such as wireless products and optical data links offered by Deep submicron CMOS technologies. Very-large-scale integration (VLSI) is the process of mounting thousands of transistors on single chip called as integrated chip. Power is way of measuring how fast a function can be carried out. Accuracy and efficiency in power estimation involved in the design phase is important in order to meet power specifications without high cost redesign process. This paper presents the comparison of design and simulation of an chip layout of fractional –N phase locked loop for wireless application using45nm and 32nm VLSI technology. This is a comparison of fractional N-PLL based on latest 45nm and 32nm technology. It offers high speed performance at low power. Sigma delta modulator and low pass filter and improves the performance of the system. Phase locked loop (PLL) represents the leading method in the wireless communications system among variety of frequency synthesis techniques.

922-928

Authors: V. D. Sharma1 and A. N. Rangari2

During the last decade or so there have been significant generalizations of the idea of integral transforms. Many new uses of the transform method in engineering and physics applications are found. Some of these new applications have prompted the development of very specialized transforms, their roots, knowledge of the properties and uses of classical integral transforms, such as Fourier Transform and Laplace transform and having considered that they are as important today they have been for the last century or so, they have been given a more extensive treatment. The main aim of this paper is to find the Fourier-Laplace transforms of some special functions and this will be used for solving various differential and integral equations.

936-943

Authors: 1Merin Sunny BE [EEE]., ME [EEE], 2Thanuja Mary Abraham BE [EEE]., ME [EEE]

The need for a bidirectional DC/DC converter in electric vehicles is studied. Here, a universal power electronic interface that can be used in any type of electric vehicles (EV), hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) is discussed. This power electronic converter interfaces the energy storage device of the vehicle with the motor drive and the charging unit. The fully directional converter is capable of working in buck or boost modes in any direction with a non-inverted output voltage. The output of the converter is improved with a feedback control loop. This is verified with MATLAB/SIMULINK (MATLAB version R2010a). Keywords— Electric vehicles (EV), Hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) and Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV), energy storage device, bidirectional DC/DC converter.

950-956

Authors: Waqas Ahmed1, Muhammad Fayaz Khan2

searching for a parking space in Urban cities cause problems for drivers, especially during the peak business hours. The vehicle searching for available spaces at that time creates traffic congestion. Apart from frustration of drivers, vehicles looking for parking burn tons of fuel which result as environmental pollution. The most current parking systems are not fully equipped to overcome parking space problem and cause traffic congestion as well as the environmental pollution. We have designed and implemented prototype of smart Parking System to eliminate the issues in traditional parking system and convert the parking system into fully functional Smart parking system. This paper proposes an effective method to overcome these problems. We have implemented and designed a prototype of parking system. This prototype is divided into three main category Image processing, Control System, and Windows phone application. Windows phone parking application is being integrated in parking system to track the real time status of parking plaza and to increases the efficiency of this prototype. This app shows the real time status of parking system also allows drivers to find and reserve the vacant parking spaces by using smart phones as per their desire location.

965-972

Authors: Sony M (Mtech student) [EEE], Thomas Mathew [Associate Professor] EEE, Lakshmi Krishnan [Associate Professor] EEE

This paper presents a non-inverting buck-boost based power-factor-correction (PFC) converter. Unlike other conventional PFC converters, the proposed non-inverting buck-boost based PFC converter has both step-up and step-down conversion functionalities to provide positive DC output-voltage. Total harmonic distortion is reduced in boost mode of operation.

12-22

Authors: M.E. Ephraim1, L.N. Uzoewulu2 and T.C. Nwofor3

The experimental results of the strength and failure mechanism of sway frames with cement stabilized laterite block infill are presented in this study. The engineering properties of cement stabilized laterite block produced from local laterite from Rumueme, Port Harcourt, Nigeria and cement content of zero, two, four, six and eight percent are first investigated to produce blocks at optimum moisture content and then testing for strength property carried out. It was established that four percent cement stabilized laterite block, compacted at its optimum moisture content and dry density produced the best combination of physical and mechanical properties as the tensile, shear and boned strengths for the four percent cement stabilized laterite blocks meet the minimum Code specifications for sandcrete and brick blocks. This agrees with the findings of Nigerian Building and Road Research Institute (NBRRI), from a similar experiment conducted in Kano State, Nigeria. The strength of 1.13N/mm2 achieved at 28days is higher than the Nigerian Industrial Standard (NIS) specification of IN/mm2 for cement stabilized laterite block. The strength and failure mechanism of a one-quarter scale model reinforced concrete frame infilled with four percent cement stabilized laterite block followed the trend established for sandcrete and brick infills with the sway resistance capacity of the frame increasing by about 300%. The experimental collapse load of the frame agrees with the theoretical collapse load to about 1%. From the foregoing a wider application of cement stabilized laterite block as infill will lead to cost effective housing delivery as laterite is very available and relatively cheap.

29-34

Authors: P.Vijaya, P. Murali Krishna

Image fusion is very important technique used to extract the useful information from several images into a single image. Image fusion is a sequel to data fusion. The basic limitation of the wavelet fusion algorithm is in fusion of curved shapes and this can be accurated by the application of the Curvelet transform(FDCT),would result in the better fusion efficiency. Image fusion algorithms can be categorized into different levels: pixel, feature, and decision levels. Pixel level fusion works directly on the pixels of source images while feature level fusion algorithms operate on features extracted from the source images. The proposed image fusion algorithm is implemented for fusion of medical images. In medical imaging, MRI and CT images are of main concern for diagnosis of brain, chest and spines related diseases. This process can be implemented through graphical user inter-action. The results are analyzed and tested using GUI.

40-49

Authors: Pallavi Jagdale, Dr. L.G.Navale

The research area of hydrodynamic lubrication is widely diversified. The literature includes the analysis and various optimized technique of determination of static and dynamic characteristics of plain circular bearing. However these studies were unable to describe the simultaneous effect of both micropolar fluid parameters and eccentricity ratio on bearing characteristics. In the present study combined effect of micropolar parameters and eccentricity ratios are considered with wide range of variation on the bearing performance characteristics. For linear studies critical mass of journal is determined by Routh-Hurwitz stability criteria. Comparative analysis on critical values of journal mass required for both linear and nonlinear studies is carried out. Also the stability of these bearing are analyzed at various operating conditions.

56-62

Authors: R. N. SARASWAT

Inequalities are playing a fundamental role in the area of Information Theory and Statistics. Large numbers of Mathematicians like as Taneja , Pranesh Kumar Dragomir etc. have been studied application of Inequalities in different branches of the pure and applied mathematics, physics, computer science etc. In this research article, we shall consider inequalities among information divergence measure and Hellinger discrimination. We shall propose a new non-symmetric information divergence measure and bounds of new information divergence measure are also considered in this research article.

68-76

Authors: Prof.S.D.Ambadkar

Behavior of structure during earthquake motion depends on distribution of weight, stiffness and strength in both horizontal and vertical planes of building. To reduce the effect of earthquake elements steel plate shear walls are used in the building. These can be used for improving seismic response of buildings. The main role of steel shear wall is to collect lateral forces of earthquake in a building and transfer those forces to the foundation. The web plates in steel shear walls are categorized according to their ability to resist buckling. The web plates can be sufficiently stiffened to preclude buckling and allow the full shear strength of the web to be reached. Shear walls are the walls like vertically aligned structural components which are subjected to lateral loads in their plane. These have proved to be very effective for lateral load resistance particularly in the medium to high-rise buildings. These depending upon the material of construction they may be classified as the RCC and steel shear walls. Steel structures are generally lighter than masonry or RC structures. Lower weight translates to lower seismic forces. Steel structures typically show good ductility, even when they are not specifically designed or detailed for seismic resistance. The beams, columns and the plate together act as the vertical plate girder. The columns act as the flanges, the plate as the web and the beams as the horizontal stiffeners of the plate girder. In present study Steel Industrial building with shear wall is analysed & design on STAAD-PRO. Two types of column sections are used i.e. I-section & Concrete filled section. Cost comparison is done for both the cases & compared with Steel Industrial building with & without shear wall.

85-90

Authors: Dr. Sana'a khudayer Jadwa

Medical Image processing is one of the most challenging topics in research field. In medical field, CT (Computed Tomography) scan imaging and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) are the most important for image based visual diagnostics, but applying segmentation to these images is very tedious and requires an adjusting approach. The main objective of medical image segmentation is to extract and characterize anatomical structures with respect to some input features or expert knowledge. In this paper we have formulated a simple, general, fast, and user-friendly approach to the problem of medical image segmentation based on texture filter. In this method, the experimental results show that the segmentation results are visually satisfactory of medical image texture segmentation.

99-108

Authors: Khemchand M. Kapgate , Dr. C. C. Handa ,V. D. Dhopte

In this project a bolted joint, loaded by forces in it is studied. Finite Elements simulations are turned on ANSYS software in order to verify and validate results issued from analytical model. 3D FE simulations are used to show limits of application of developed model and also to study the ultimate stability of bolted joint under loading. APDL programming approach will be used for design optimization Due to flange opening, bending has been noticed in the bolt. Hence the bolts/studs should be designed to withstand against preload, internal pressure load and bending moment. Due to existence of Preload, internal pressure and bending moment at a time, the bolt behaviour is nonlinear which cannot not be evaluated by simple mathematical formulas. 3-Dimensional finite element analysis approach is only the technique which shows some satisfactory result.

120-128

Authors: Pravin Kshirsagar , Dr. Sudhir G. Akojwar

Nonlinear dynamic signal processing is attracting several researchers owing to its complex behavior which may be deterministic at macro level and may be in order but unruly behavior with respect to time is difficult to understand and interpret. EEG signals fall under such categories. Prediction of seizure in EEG is a challenging task. For this several prediction methodologies have been in use from time to time. But the complexity of signals which differ from person to person makes it complicated. . Keeping this view in mind, we propose to have better prediction of chaotic time series through this paper. Though there have been several attempts in the past, our research is related to use of ANFIS for chaotic time series prediction. Correlation dimension are the factors based on which convergent or divergent or chaotic nature of signal is predicted. In this paper we use correlation dimension for feature extraction providing to ANFIS model for giving précised result.

138-142

Authors: D.srinivasulu1, k.Babu2

This paper presents a new topology for a high efficiency dc/dc resonant power converter that utilizes a resistance compression network to provide instantaneous zero voltage switching and near zero current switching across a wide range of input voltage, output voltage and power levels. The resistance compression network (RCN) maintains desired current waveforms over a wide range of voltage operating conditions. The use of on/off control in conjunction with narrowband frequency control enables high efficiency to be maintained across a wide range of power levels. The converter performance provides galvanic isolation and enables large (greater than 1:10) voltage adaptation ratios, making the system suitable for large step-up conversion in applications such as distributed photovoltaic converters..

152-159

Authors: Divya Chacko1, Mrs. Kanchan Chavan2

Abstract—Time measurement has significant importance in modern science and in its various fields of applications like low and high energy nuclear physics, solid state applications, high energy particle and neutron physics etc. The objective of this paper is to design and develop a Time to Amplitude Converter (TAC) for detecting the Phase Shifts that occur due to time delays, generally in the range of microseconds. Phase Shift can happen due to various complex loads. Therefore, Phase Shifts needs to be measured with high resolution. Phase Shifts are measured in degree or time units. This paper describes the design considerations to be taken into account for selection of components such as integrator, comparator, and ADC that constitutes a TAC circuitry to achieve the desired high speed resolution.

164-167

Authors: Mandeep kaur[1] Atul mahajan[2]

Now a day as per requirement of user we require that high data rate along with good quality of service, this requirement can be full fill by using optical fiber communication, but still telecommunication expanding day by day so that we need more good quality factor per bit rate. by increasing the demand of telecommunication we need more bandwidth. We expanding bandwidth day by different method but this not effective method for full fill requirement. in this review paper use single frequency and single bandwidth and vary the bit rate then at what rate quality factor vary and at what level we get good quality factor. By this we can use different bit rate at single bandwidth and by this our bandwidth spectrum get enhanced for telecommunication.

176-179

Authors: L Laxmana Naik1, 2, K Gopalakrishna2, B Yogesha1

This review article concerning about natural fibers like sisal and banana fiber reinforced polymers, it gives possible applications in the material group. This paper is a review of the chemical and mechanical properties of natural fibers like sisal and banana reinforced polymer composites. Natural fibers are rich in cellulose and they are cheap and easily renewable source of fibers with the potential for polymer reinforcement. Natural fibers are emerging as low cost, lightweight and apparently environmentally superior alternatives to glass fibers in composites. In most of the cases, the specific properties of the natural fiber composites were found to compare favorably with those of glass.

192-201

Authors: CH UMAMAHESHWAR PRAVEEN1*, A HEMANTH KUMAR YADAV2

In the Gas Turbine combustion system, the flow into combustor play one of the key roles in controlling pressure loss, air flow distribution around the combustor liner, and the attendant effects on performance, durability, and stability. This paper produces design methodology and describes a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of the flow in the can combustor. The main aim is to study and examine the performance influence of turbulence models, combustion models and rate mechanism on the prediction of the chemical species concentration and temperature fields which are useful to design the combustor within design limits. Numerical simulations are performed to analyze the combustion behavior in three-dimensional combustor model by solving swirl flow field inside pre-mixer, reacting flow field inside the liner, to understand the combustion phenomena and resultant emissions.

209-218

Authors: Parag Dutta, Purabi Deb Choudhury

This paper deals with a fuzzy based two warehouse inventory model for decaying items in which demand is taken to be cubic function of time, holding cost, ordering cost, backorder costs which are fuzzy in nature. Shortages are allowed in the owned warehouse. Due to lack of historical data and information the probability of certain new products are not known and in that case to remove certain uncertainty fuzzy concept is used. In this context we have used triangular fuzzy numbers to represent the fuzzy parameters. Finally the model is solved mathematically and profit maximization technique is used to illustrate the system using Signed Distance method.

232-238

Authors: Gautham Krishnan C.G,

With an ever-increasing pace in urbanization & trade dynamics, cities & towns are prone to traffic-crunches & shooting pollution levels. It is a good time to switch to the inland waterways as India possesses an enriching source of water resources being surrounded by seas in three sides with inlets to various rivers, lakes & inland waters. This paper brings out the development of barge trains, that can transport cargo to industries & floating markets, and are designed to ensure economic, efficient, reliable, less emissive & hassle-free transportation

245-249

Authors: SREE HARSHA BHARADWAJ HOTUR

-The scope of this study is mainly focussed on the implementation of the entrepreneurship as a part of curriculum at every schools of under-graduation in order to gain as much as profit to the nation and for self-employment. It has become a major need in the present scenario. India is one of the developing countries among the world which also has high level of unemployment and greatly women and rural areas. Entrepreneurship facilitates the rate of development of a country by increasing the rate of growth in GDP (gross domestic product) of a country. It helps in increasing the productivity and continued innovation in techno – managerial practices. Entrepreneurship brings an improving in international competitiveness. It also brings out a major impact on the economic diversification and the optimum usage of the local resources which finally adds to pride of the nation. The research study will reveal the facts which are important to develop entrepreneurship as a career option among every school of under-graduation in current scenario section below.

262-265

Authors: Ankita Singh

The purpose of this paper is to review the sparse web graph compression technique using Eulerian data structure and optimization of the designing of compressed scheme based on careful application. Web graphs form the foundation of social networks but their storage is a big challenge due to their large size. Compression techniques are proposed in the recent time in which queries can be carried out without decompressing the graph. This paper reviews graph compression using Eulerian data structure and multiposition linearization which is capable of solving in and out query and hence exclude the need of storing transpose of Web graph for in-neighbor query determination. Some optimization approaches are also proposed which depends on compression ratio and k- factor.

274-288

Authors: D.Byragi Naidu1, D.Vijaya kumar2, Bibhuti bhusan rath3

A high step-up converter is proposed for a photovoltaic system. A voltage multiplier used here provides high voltage gain without extreme duty cycle. The voltage multiplier is composed of a conventional boost converter and coupled inductors. An extra conventional boost converter is integrated into the first phase to achieve a considerably higher voltage conversion ratio. The two-phase configuration not only reduces the current stress through each power switch, but also constrains the input current ripple, which decreases the conduction losses of metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs). It also functions as a clamp circuit which alleviates the voltage spikes across the power switches. So, the low-voltage-rated MOSFETs can be adopted for reductions of conduction losses and cost. Efficiency improves because the energy stored in leakage inductances is recycled to the output terminal.

295-299

Authors: Razia Falik

One of the major challenge of our society was to achieve sustainability development. Sustainability contains three factor: social, environmental and economics sustainability. For individuals, sustainability was the ability to undergo and the probable for long lasting maintenance. So there was a need to develop a sustainable software with a liable feeding of resources. In software development process, a pattern was a written document that provides a general solution to a design problem that occurs repeatedly in many projects. Requirement engineering was considered one of the most important phases in the development life cycle. Requirement engineering was the crucial activity which can affect the entire life cycle of software development process. The main objective of the requirements elicitation phase was to collect requirements from different views such as requirements from the business, requirements from the customer side, requirements from the user side, and requirements from the security point of view. This research will explore to handle the sustainability problem in design, a new software pattern based on singleton and service locator design pattern will be defined. This research will also focus on requirement engineering techniques that will be affective to overcome these problems. These techniques will be focus groups, interviews and ethnography for eliciting the requirements.

306-315

Authors: AHENDRA SHIVAJI PANDIT , IRFAN SIDDAVATAM

The main goal of digital forensics is the extraction of suspected files from the target devices that can be defined as digital evidence. The digital world is developing at a very fast pace. The size of hard disks made available to the users is also increasing rapidly. The volume of data or the number of files that can be stored is also increasing. To find a particular file the investigators rely on filters and traces. The traceability process has become a key or an important element of the digital investigation process, as it is capable to map the events of an incident from difference sources in obtaining evidence of an incident to be used for other auxiliary investigation aspects. Filter are used by the investigator to remove unwanted data and get the required files. But the traceability and filter have not been explored to its limits. Because of these, little manipulation in the data on the digital device makes the use of specific trace or filter useless. These work like a loophole, which can be used by criminals to divert the investigation away from evidence. The loophole can be made less harmful by creating a priority based investigation using traces and filters. Priority is given to files which may be or may not be evidence, by assigning them the weight on the basis of the results of traces and filters. By assigning the weight, all files will be taken into consideration and files can be arranged based on the weight. So with weight-based-priority in use, the little or more manipulation to data will be taken into consideration.

327-330

Authors: T. Mary Minolin

Mind maps comprise a network of connected and related concepts. However, in mind mapping, any idea can be connected to any other. Free-form, spontaneous thinking is required when creating a mind map,and the aim of mind mapping is to find creative associations between ideas. Pictures and structured diagrams are thought to be more comprehensible than just words, and a clearer way to illustrate understanding of complex topics. Objective: To determine the effectiveness among two instructional methods namely Mind Mapping and traditional method. Statistical Methods used: Quasi experimental Post tests only Design was used. Result: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Mind mapping and traditional method of instruction on the knowledge on Theories of Growth and development of children. . The results indicated that knowledge on growth and development of children in Group I is effective than the traditional group of students in Group II.

335-344

Authors: Prashant Vasant, Prof. Harpreet Singh

— In controlled switching technology, an effective way to reduce transients produced by switching action, equipment failure preventions, and to inhance power quality, that is, already defined controlled strategies are to close and/or open each independent circuit breaker pole. Controlled switching of high voltage AC gas circuit breaker (GCB) and explains the controlled switching methods that are existing now a days is presented in this paper. Also the paper discusses the merits of controlled switching technology with an application. The accurate prediction of the operating time, subject to the various affecting parameters at that instant. Consistency of CB open and closing time is decides the success of CSS and reliability of CSW device to operate in high voltage environment system. The work presented in the paper focuses on suitability check of the circuit breaker for controlled switching application from mechanical scatter point of view and finds the mechanical scatter window. The allowed circuit breaker scatter for various controlled switching application is discussed in the paper.

359-365

Authors: PRIYANKA BHATI [1] K.V.V. PRASAD [2] ANISETTI ANIL [3]

As the more number of users are connected to the internet the computer users are targeted by the various potential malwares. The number of malware increasing day by day had become a serious threat. The malware that has irritative and destructive functionality has become wild now days. As everyone use internet and downloading is common need for user. Unfortunately, the smart (3D) Three Dimensional visual model images are freely available in the archives of the websites. Some of the specified models which are very much useful for the defense organizations to design their security posts, navigate through high resolution 3D world environment created by fusing the 3D model images which can be useful to present the information in a realistic view to the senior management. Once the 3D images which binds with malware are downloaded and executed the malware will takes the advantage and infects the target machines and makes the network machines infected and spread through the removable media. Whenever the user restarts the infected system then it displays the black screen only. One of the leading GIS & Remote sensing organizations while inducting training to the Government Police Officers [2] who is working in the SATCOMBAT Computer Forensic Division faces this type of malware infection in their network. The GIS maps and Terra Explorer software intuitively placed on the Digital globe for terrain 3D analysis exclusively for Military defense critical infrastructures, Law enforcement Agencies were frequent access to the Geo spatial files.

371-381

Authors: Olanipekun GIWA1, Abel Adekanmi ADEYI2, Abdulwahab GIWA3

The open loop and disturbance rejection (regulatory) closed loop dynamic simulation of a reactive distillation process used for the production of biodiesel, details of which are given in the work of Giwa et al. (2015a), have been carried out in this work. The first-order-plus-dead-time transfer function model of the system used was developed with the aid of System Identification Toolbox of MATLAB. The input and output variables of the process were the reboiler duty of the column and the mole fraction of biodiesel obtained from the bottom section of the column, respectively while the disturbance variable was the reflux ratio. Both the open loop and the closed loop simulations of the system were achieved from the Simulink model of the system developed and run via written m-file codes. The results obtained from the open loop dynamic simulation of the process revealed that the disturbance variable had effects on the output (biodiesel mole fraction obtained from the bottom section) of the process because the steps applied to it made the output not to be at the desired set point. Furthermore, the application of P, PI and PID controllers tuned with Cohen-Coon and Ziegler-Nichols techniques showed that the process could be made to behave in a desired manner. However, the response given by the simulation of the system with P-only controller was found not to settle at the desired set-point value, while the simulations with PI and PID were able to bring the output to the desired reference value. Moreover, the performance of PID controller tuned with Cohen-Coon technique was found to be the best among the ones considered for this case of regulatory control of the process because its IAE and ISE were obtained to be the lowest. This finding was observed to be in contrary to that of Giwa et al. (2015b) who obtained that the best controller for biodiesel production using reactive distillation process was PID controller tuned with Ziegler-Nichols. However, it was discovered that their own work considered set-point tracking only but not disturbance rejection. This has, therefore, shown that a particular controller type may not be able to handle both set-point tracking and disturbance rejection in a best way in all cases.

390-395

Authors: UMEONYIAGU IKECHUKWU ETIENNE

ABSTRACT- This research conducted in Eastern Nigeria was aimed at determining the effects of mixing-water temperature on the compressive strength, workability and setting time of concrete. The river sand used was from River Otamiri and granite stones from Abakaliki were used as the coarse aggregates. These materials were prepared based on BS 812: 1987, BS410:1986 and BS 1881:1983. The temperatures of the water used were variously: – 50C, 100 C, 150C, 280C, 350C, 450C, 500C, 600C, 700C, 750C, 900C and 1000C. The mix ratio of 1:2:4 with water –cement ratio of 0.58 by weight of concrete was used. It was found that the compressive strengths were increasing as the age increased. This increase reached a peak of 33.65Mpa at 500C after which the strength declined gradually to as low as 1.97Mpa at a water temperature of 1000C. In terms of workability, the workability of the concrete increased as the temperature of the mixing-water increased, getting to a high of 175mm slump at 1000C and became constant for temperatures between 280C – 500C. For setting time, the setting time of the paste increased with the rise in temperature of the mixing water. The study has revealed that water temperature has a significant influence on the strength, workability and setting time of concrete. Also, it was shown that the optimal temperature to achieve a high strength at 28 days was 500C

410-420

Authors: Mahabub Hasan*‡, Oishe Binty Momin*

Continuous usage conventional resources to meet the growing demand of electricity have resulted in increased energy crisis and the pollutants created from the burning of the conventional resources cause respiratory illnesses and death in humans and destroy fragile ecosystems. These are some prominent reasons that make renewable energy extremely important for the future of our society as they are more reliable, effective, sustainable and pollution-free power supply source. The first initiative that is needed to design a hybrid power generation system (HPGS) is the feasibility study. The goal of this paper is to evaluate the performance and study the feasibility of a solar-wind-diesel hybrid energy system through computer simulation studies to achieve an efficient and cost competitive system. The feasibility study mainly focuses on the technical and economic analysis of the components of the hybrid power generation system. Considering the Net Present Cost (NPC), Cost of Energy (COE) and Renewable fraction (RF), the prospects of solar and wind energy was evaluated with the help of the Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable (HOMER). From the study, it can be interpreted that the solar-wind-diesel system consumes less fuel than the diesel generator which is run by only diesel. As a result, the total net present cost of solar-wind-diesel system is less than the diesel generator. The study found a wind-pv-diesel hybrid power system with 65% renewable energy penetration (41% wind and 24% solar PV) to be the feasible system with the cost of energy of 0.822US$/kWh. The hybrid system will reduce CO2 emission by 60% in the local atmosphere compared to electricity draw from the national grid.

434-439

Authors: Dr. S. B. Chaudhari and S. A. Agrawal

The textiles used in geotechnical application require long-term durability and high strength under tough conditions. The selected high tenacity polypropylene yarn was studied for its characteristics regarding geotextile application. The tensile strength found in the range of high tenacity and the stress relaxation increased with increase in load applied, these properties were studied under the Lloyd universal strength tester. Polypropylene has found more stable in primary creep and secondary creep behavior, was studied to see the deformation under constant load. The torsional rigidity was tested on torsional pendulum and found increased with increase in tension applied, which is an indication of maintaining constant tension during twisting process.

449-455

Authors: Pankaj G Devikar1, Prof. Pankaj Sahu2

Collection of data related to weather parameter such as temperature, precipitation, pressure, wind speed and direction, dew point and rainfall. This process of collection of data is called as weather prediction. For safety of life and property it is essential to indicate the changes. Categorization and indication of weather predicts the state and changes in weather for future time. Weather forecasting can be done by analyzing data and collecting it for present state of atmosphere. To map input and output relations neural network technique is used. Collected data is used for prediction by training neural network which will provide future prediction of data. This can be done by using BPP (back propagation algorithm). The variation in one parameter will reflect the changes in other parameters will be discussed in this paper. The biggest advantage of the back propagation neural network is that it will give large class of function and it is efficient for numerical differentiation.

463-474

Authors: Dr. Ace C. Lagman, Amy Lyn M. Maddalora, Josephine T. Casin

The application of technology has dramatically changed the delivery of education. E-learning is the integration of technology in education that covers a variety of activities to support the teaching and learning practice. This paper examines the Learning Management System issues related to the implementation of the E-learning facility in FEU Institute of Technology. The researchers conducted SWOT analysis based on the response of faculty and students through questionnaire. The result of the responses is analyzed to measure the effectiveness of the e-learning facility by being able to trace the strengths, and to find new opportunities in implementing the e-learning facility in FEU Institute of Technology, which will contribute to the improvement of teaching and learning practice. This paper also includes the tools awareness survey to identify web technologies that can be used as e-learning tools in higher education.

489-494

Authors: Nilesh B. Khankari1, Prof. G.V. Kale2

Single factor authentication such as password authentication is no longer considered as secure in the Internet world. There is a rapid growth in demand for strong authentication on the highly critical web-based applications. A higher level security mechanism is needed to access the financial and banking applications. Existing system provides authentication mechanism based on the static password, personal identification number (PIN) etc. These methods are vulnerable against eavesdropping and replay attack. In this work, a two factor authentication scheme is proposed for user authentication. The presented scheme generates dynamic password for two factor authentication. This scheme will provide user assurance of authentication and will improve authentication level. The proposed scheme provides strong protection against cryptanalysis.

509-516

Authors: Parameshwara M. C* and Srinivasaiah H. C+

In this paper we propose a novel architecture for ‘Read Only Memory (ROM)’ based ‘Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizer (DDFS)’ based on simple sine trigonometric approximation formula. In this proposed architecture, to synthesize the sine wave from 0 to π/2 we use the sine samples from 0 to π/4 and the cosine samples from 0 to π/4, a digital multiplier, and a scaling block. Further the quarter wave symmetry of the sine wave is explored to derive the remaining samples that are required to synthesize the sine wave from π/2 to 2π. In the proposed DDFS architecture the sine and cosine samples are stored in two separate ROMs this saves the ROM area about 14.6 % than the traditional ROM based DDFS where the single ROM is used to store the sine samples from 0 to π/2. Further at every input clock cycle one sample from each ROM is read and multiplied to generate the first quadrant sine samples corresponding to an angle [0, π/2) with magnitude being mapped to [0, 0.5) this results in doubling the frequency of the output signal with the magnitude being halved. Further the halved magnitude of the output sine wave can be restored to full scale [0, 1) by using a scaling factor of ‘2’ (or multiplied by 2). To verify and validate our proposed novel concept we have designed and simulated an 11-bit DDFS using MATLAB-Simulink tool. The calculated SFDR for the plotted frequency spectrum of the designed 11-bit DDFS is -66 db.

525-530

Authors: Arjun Pridhvijit1, Dr. Binu C Yeldose2

In this study an experimental investigation of cutting parameters (cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut) in turning operation of Aluminium alloy-2014 was done and influence of cutting parameters on surface roughness was studied. The machining was performed using two different tools such as carbide tool and TiN coated carbide tool. Taguchi method is used to find optimum result. Orthogonal array, signal to noise ratio and ANOVA is used to study the performance characteristic in turning operation. The result shows that better surface finish is achieve at low feed rate (0.05mm/rev), high cutting speed (314m/min) and at high depth of cut. Experimental data collected are tested with regression model and ANN technique, and a comparison study of model has been done.

537-547

Authors: aSachin Chavan b Nand Jee Kanu

Nanotechnology has brought revolutionary change the field of advances materials and their properties. The electrospinning process offers a potential enabling breakthrough to remove the barriers by dramatically reducing fiber diameters, resulting in vast improvements in fiber mechanical properties. To start with this process we should be familiar with the parameter with are contributing to get optimum diameter. For the new research here we have reviewed data for various parameters such as viscosity, molecular weight, ionic salt, voltage, distance between spinneret and collector, flow rate and concentration.

556-566

Authors: Sachin Dattatrya Aherkar, Giridhar Narule

Many existing buildings lack the seismic strength and detailing requirements of IS: 1893-2002 and IS: 13920-1993, because either they were designed for only gravity loads or built prior to the implementation of these codes. Hence it is required to assess the performance level of such buildings for safety of the structure during earthquake. In present study three buildings 8, 12 and 16 storied are considered. They are designed for only gravity loads according to IS: 456-2000 without ductile detailing. Seismic evaluation of these buildings is carried out with nonlinear static pushover analysis using SAP2000 software. Performance points and performance levels of these buildings are determined by capacity spectrum methods. All three buildings are found in life safety to collapse prevention (LS-CP) range for design basis earthquake condition. Then various retrofitting schemes viz. steel X braces, infill walls, and shear wall are employed for strengthening of these buildings, performance level requirement of operational to immediate occupancy (B-IO) under design basis earthquake is aimed at. Idealized force-displacement capacity curve is implemented to evaluate various seismic parameters from pushover curve which is based on the method recommended by FEMA 356. The results are compared based on performance point, hinge formation pattern, yield strength and lateral stiffness. The results show that there is no unique solution and several different strengthening schemes can be provided to give adequate performance. Most increase in the lateral strength and stiffness is related to using infill wall and shear wall.

573-579

Authors: Shaik Mohammad Khaja1, Dr.V.K.Suman2, Dr. Syed Azeemuddin3

Radar clutter may be defined as unwanted signals in a search Radar. Different types of clutters, their identification, avoidance and various types of techniques are illustrated in this paper. Clutter rejection, various radars used for this purpose, and the applications of such radars are discussed in this paper. Illustrative samples have also been discussed for emulators

587-590

Authors: Hajare K.R. , Patil S.N.

We have evaluated our approach for micro aneurysm detection in an online competition, where this algorithm is currently ranked as first, and also on two other databases. Since micro aneurysm detection is decisive in diabetic retinopathy (DR) grading. Grading performance of computer aided DR screening system highly depends on MA detection. In this paper we propose a MA detector that provides remarkable results from both aspect. The earlier systems used manual methods for detecting microanuersym that caused increase in obtaining wrong results. so an ensemble based system is being used which contains a combination of pre-processing and candidate extractors.

598-613

Authors: POOJA SINGHAL1, AMAN SINGHAL2

Criminal behavior is an important area of research to prevent crime. For the study large amount of data is required to arrive at some conclusive results. This paper deals with new ideas of data analysis of such huge volume of data. The data here is first filtered to retain only the useful data and then analysis is done. Genetic algorithm with fuzzy logic has been used to determine soft and hardcore criminals and possibility of a soft-core criminal turning into a hardcore criminal by considering parameters like background, education, modus operandi, number of cases, weapon used [1-3].

618-623

Authors: Akmal Basha1 Krishna Sagar2

Cloud computing is business infrastructure paradigm that promising to remove the need for organizations to keep up an exclusive computing hardware. Cloud computing provides to users with various capabilities to store and process the data in third-party data centers. Cloud computing maximizes the effectiveness of shared resources. During the use of time sharing and virtualization cloud address with the particular set of material resources in a large scaled user’s base with different needs. In this paper computing the performance of Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) model and integrating the mechanisms to capture the virtual machine migrations. We study the cloud services on different large applications. In this paper we are presenting the performance of Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) by using systematic model to perform end-to-end analysis of a cloud service. The systematic model designed by using scheduling algorithm i.e., Adaptive First Come First Serve under different job sizes. The performance is analyzed by using performance metrics such as consumption, availability, response time, waiting time. The cloud performance metrics depends upon the behavior of the cloud data center.

632-638

Authors: 1Mrs. Swagota Bera, 2Dr. Monisha Sharma

A blind steganalysis technique is developed to attack the JPEG steganographic schemes using DCT and optimized quantization. The proposed method exploits the correlations between block-DCT coefficients in both intra-block and inter-block sense and the Characteristic function of the test image is selected as features. The features are extracted from the BDCT JPEG 2-array. Support Vector Machine with cross-validation is implemented for the classification.The proposed scheme gives improved outcome in attacking Outguess, F5 and Jsteg stego images.

648-655

Authors: Naveen Kumar N M, Associate Prof. Aby Thomas

Complex arithmetic operations are widely used in Digital Signal Processing (DSP) applications. In this work, we focus on optimizing the design of the fused Add-Multiply (FAM) operator for increasing performance. We investigate techniques to implement the direct recoding of the sum of two numbers in its Modified Booth (MB) form using 4:2 compressors. Introduction of a structured and efficient recoding technique and exploring three different schemes by incorporating them in FAM designs. Comparing to the existing recoding schemes, the proposed technique yields considerable reductions in terms of critical delay, hardware complexity and power consumption of the FAM unit.

661-670

Authors: Ruby Tiwari, C.S.Rana

Plants are important source for the discovery of new products of medicinal value for drug development and plants secondary metabolites are unique sources for pharmaceuticals food additives, flavors and others industrial values. Commercial importance of these secondary metabolites has resulted in a great interest in its production and in exploring possibilities of enhancing its production by means of tissue culture technology in the recent years. Plants cell culture technologies were introduced at the end of 1960’s as a possible tool for both studying and producing plant secondary metabolites. The focus of the present review is the application of tissue culture technology for the production of some others important plant secondary metabolites. The present communication deals the brief introduction, classification, recent improvements of production, anti microbial properties and importance of plant secondary metabolites.

674-678

Authors: Javed Ali*, Aaushi Sharma and Poonam Rani

India produces about 150 million tons of food grains per year and production is rising due to higher cropping intensities and the introduction of high-yielding varieties. However, annual post production losses are 10%, which means that about 15 million tons of food grains are lost during harvesting, threshing, and storage. So these losses can be minimized by a drying operation that can preserve grain. In India, 70% of the grain stored is sun dried which is not a best method to drying crops. Farmers use sun drying due to the non-availability of dryers within their reach; high initial capital investment required. So my main concern is to provide farmers a modern drying-cum-storage complex for drying crops and their proper storage. An awareness of availability of dryers and of their use and advantages in drying food grain for better storage and marketing is lacking among crop growers. This paper describes the use of various types of dryers in the Indian food industry and the efforts of research and development organizations to devise dryers suitable for individuals or small groups in the rural population. And what can be done to minimize the losses of food grain with the help of various scientific drying method or different scientific storage structures.

686-688

Authors: Bhagyashri G. Patil, Sushilkumar N. Holambe

In the present data warehousing environment schemes face lots and lots of issues to fetch out the resources with the help of referential or relational keyword terminologies. So the system requires some kind of advanced data manipulating schemes to extending the keyword search paradigm to relational data has been an active area of research within the database and information retrieval (IR) community. Instant search is important information retrieval technology for finding search results instantly as user query words. In instant fuzzy search it improves the searching results by comparing answers similar to typed query keywords. In this paper, we are using posstagger, soundex and wordnet for computing better results. All the existing systems contains basic solution is to compute all the answers and rank them but cannot meet the high speed requirements. All the existing systems contain basic solution for computing answers as user typing keywords, the previously searched results are not considered. So in this paper technique is proposed to use previously searched results.

696-698

Authors: Kunal Kishor 1, Ritula Thakur 2.

This paper presents the review on different types of milk adulteration based upon conventional method. A straight forward and quick strategy for measurement of milk adulteration has been developed using mid-infrared (MIR) spectrometers. Milk samples was purchased from local supermarkets and spiked with tap water, hydrogen peroxide, glucose, urea and formaldehyde in different concentrations in milk. Spectral data was collected using mid-infrared (MIR) spectrometers. Partial least-square regression (PLSR) has been used to estimate adulteration level and results indicated high coefficients of determination (R2) and standard error of predication (SEP). The use of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy coupled with chemo metric techniques to differentiate of milk adulteration. These results proved that FTIR spectroscopy in combination with multivariate calibration can be used for the detection of milk adulteration. The proposed technique is quick, non-dangerous, straightforward and simple to utilize.

708-714

Authors: Ramarao Chimata1, Venkateswara rao.J2

In this experimental study sand is replaced by quartzite rock dust from available sources. Quartzite rock dust replacement up to 40% by weight of cement in steps of 10% increments and 0.2% glass fibers by weight of cement was also included for further enhancing flexural strength of concrete. Thickness of pavement was evaluated with required parameters as per IRC-58:2002.From the results it was found that the pavement thickness can be reduced up to 19.04%.

724-734

Authors: Asha Krishna U K

RC4 is very widely used as encryption algorithm in practical software applications. It comes under the category software stream ciphers since they are best suited in software platform. In this work, the study of RC4 stream ciphers in hardware platform is done. Basic RC4 output is improved to 2 RC4 key stream bytes per clock cycle, by merging the ideas of two technics. The technics involved in this are hardware pipelining and loop unrolling. All three of the proposed methods are designed in VHDL description, synthesized with Xilinx ISE Design Suit 14.1 and implemented in Spartan 5 FPGA trainer board.

745-750

Authors: Ashmika Tiwari1, Mr. Chandrashekhar Kamargaonkar 2, Dr.Monisha Sharma3

— CT or MRI Medical imaging produces digital form of human body pictures. There exists a need for compression of these images for storage and communication purposes. Current compression schemes provide a very high compression rate with a considerable loss of quality. In medicine, it is necessary to have high image quality in region of interest, i.e. diagnostically important regions. So, ROI part can be compressed with the help of the Lossless compression whereas Non Region of interest part can be compressed with help of Lossy compression as it is of lesser importance for diagnosis. In this paper Region of interest part is extracted with the help of thresholding method of segmentation and compressed with the help of SPIHT Algorithm thus producing a good quality image. And NROI part is compressed with the help of Haar wavelet transform.Our algorithm provides better PSNR values for medical images.

756-761

Authors: Gayatri K.A., Aravind S.

Communication anonymity includes sender anonymity, recipient anonymity and channel anonymity. To break the anonymity in communication traffic analysis is performed. Traffic detection in MANETs is difficult compared to traditional wired infrastructure due to the mobility of the nodes and the lack of a fixed infrastructure. Passive statistical analysis utilize the statistical properties of the captured traffic to reveal the identity of the sender, recipient and the end-to-end link. We analyze Statistical Traffic Pattern Discovery System(STARS) with empirical results.

769-774

Authors: Rupesh Aggarwal1, Pavleen Singh Bali2, Pranay Kami3, A.K. Raghav4

The Present study focuses on the fascinating concept of Space Elevators. Object of this study is to get introduced with every aspect in Designing, Working & Construction of Space Elevators. It’s a concept in which tether is used to uplift any type of cargo or personnel from Earth surface to an orbit in space. Such invention not only becomes the new path for heavy loads to get into space but also becomes a cheap one. Also from the top of it, loads can be launch in any desired direction. By this not only the cost of the launch through rocket gets reduced but also the personnel handling this launch i.e. reduction of human error too. Perfect suitable material for such operation is Carbon Nano-tube which hundred times stronger and ten times lighter then Steel. In coming 50 years, it might be possible that many space elevators are ready to launch the spacecraft in space. Its application is not just only limited to the launching but also it can help in carrying heavy payloads to International Space Stations. It simply can give access to space for scientific, commercial & military purposes.

780-785

Authors: Shaikh J.K.

In today’s electronics world human machine interface is important part. Pen with inbuilt inertial sensors devices capture human handwriting or drawing motions in real-time and use the sensor data for recognition. An inertial sensor based Inertial pen consist of an inertial sensor MPU 9150(accelerometer gyroscope and magnetometer), microcontroller, and a wireless transmission module, for sensing and collecting movement data for writing alphabet. The sensor data is received and processed for alphabets, recognition. The recognition algorithm composes of the steps of sensor data acquisition, signal pre-processing, feature generation, feature selection, and classification. KNN Classifiers for classification among 26 capital alphabets classes is built. The project aims at to validate the effectiveness of the inertial pen based motion data acquisition and recognition of class of test sample from among 26 classes. The recognition accuracy achieved is 82%. The recognition accuracy of 93 % is achieved for recognition of four gestures

799-808

Authors: Abdulwahab GIWA1, Saidat Olanipekun GIWA2

This research work has been carried out to apply Tyreus-Luyben technique in tuning proportional-integral (PI) and proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers to the control of a reactive distillation process used for the production of methyl palmitate, a fatty acid methyl ester, from the esterification reaction between palmitic acid and methanol. The model used to represent the process was obtained from the work of Giwa et al. (2015c), and its open loop dynamics was first studied before carrying out its closed loop simulations with the aid of the model of the process developed in Simulink that was run via MATLAB mfile. The results obtained from the open loop dynamic simulation of the process revealed that the developed Simulink model of the process was correct because the responses were discovered to compare very well with those obtained in the work of Giwa et al. (2015b and c). The results of the servo closed loop simulation carried out using the Tyreus-Luyben tuned PI and PID controllers showed that the system was able to get stabilized within the simulation time considered for the two control systems. However, the performance of the PID controller was found to be better because its estimated integral absolute error and integral squared error were lower. Furthermore, when the system was simulated for regulatory problem, the responses given by the two control systems were found to be very satisfactory. Moreover, from the values obtained when the integral absolute error and the integral squared error of the controllers were calculated for the regulatory problem, the PID controlled system was found to be better for this process. The comparison of the results obtained in the servo control of this work with that of Giwa et al. (2015b) revealed that Tyreus-Luyben tuning technique was the best for estimating the parameters for PI and PID controllers for the process considered because the number of oscillations observed in this case was found to be low. Also, the comparison made between the results of the regulatory control of this work to that of Giwa et al. (2015c) showed that the tuning technique (Tyreus-Luyben) investigated in this work was able to make the system maintain the desired state with lesser oscillations.

816-822

Authors: Adarsh Purohit

For the huge amount of complexity and rich information in a video, it is difficult to preview and query a user interest video segmentation. More and more researchers are addressed in segmentation, content summarization, annotation and indexing within the video and then to develop a video retrieval system recently years. Unlike the text retrieval technologies, video and the voice content got less semantic definition. But with the growing network facilities and the mass storage technologies. our study on motion exploration, which is a most consistent feature between every one low-level construction for videos. The motion recovery method proposes in the research existing attempt in motion-based video retrieval. For practical video retrieval system, it should support multimodal and multi feature retrieval using genetic algorithm.

831-838

Authors: Surumi. S

A modified version of the bridgeless single-ended primary inductance converter (BL-SEPIC) as preferred to varying the speed of BLDC motor is presented in this paper. The conduction losses and ripple current in the input side of conventional SEPIC converter can be overcome by bridgeless SEPIC converter with auxiliary circuit. The performance of the system was analyzed through a MATLAB/Simulink model during discontinuous inductor current mode (DICM).

846-851

Authors: 1Humza Bin Masood, 2Dr. Seemal Jelani

Currently the most prevailing issue of the climate change in the world is geo-engineering and one of the most prevailing issue in this is using of Chemtrails to change the climate. These Chemtrails are left over in the sky with the help of special types of jet planes which use to spray Aluminum, Barium and Strontium is the sky to make a thick parallel lines with the help of condensation due to change of air pressure at the height. These thick parallel lines are the condense layers of Aluminum, Barium and Strontium which use to stop the some rays of sunlight coming to the sky but sadly it also prevents the heat rays to go out of the earth space due to the layers formed. These sprays are causing the increase of Aluminum in the Environment as these particles can move trillions of miles and are causing different problems and diseases like Asthma in our planet earth. The analysis performed helps to know about the increase of these Aluminum particles in our planet and the studies performed shows the problem caused by the spraying to these nano-particles in the Atmosphere

864-874

Authors: Olufemi B. Akinnuli1, Vincent A. Balogun*2, Tunde C. Akintayo1

The CNC router can be adapted for drilling and engraving operations based on the imagination and creative skills of the operator. A CNC router consists of three main parts: a mechanical setup that can move in X, Y and Z directions, a driving circuitry which includes the stepper motor and a software program that controls the operation of the system. Although, CNC router is commonly and commercially available, the emphasis is to increase the understanding and encourage developing countries like Nigeria on the developmental process of the CNC router machine. This work presents the development of a CNC drilling router machine using a keypad with the aid of Autodesk 3D Max and Proteus 8 software. The CNC router has a liquid crystal display (LCD) which is linked to the microcontroller. The program of instructions is written in C program compiler. The column strength of the X, Y, and Z axis of the machine were evaluated to be 508.86N, 1142.5N and 7872.64N respectively while the critical speeds of the various axes were determined to be 3222, 7234.14 and 49847.78 RPM respectively. The forces due to the guide rails were evaluated to be 890 N on both the Y and Z axes. This gave a force moment along these axes to be 400.5 and 10.1 kNmm respectively. The stepper motor utilized for the machine has a 1440 steps/ rev, 500 RPM with 1/8 micro-stepping with a phase current of 3.5A and voltage of 2.45V. It is anticipated that the developed machine is able to drill plastics and soft wood materials. The development strategy will aid the CNC router design concept within the developing economy as Nigeria.

883-888

Authors: Taransum Bano, Neeru Goyal, Prashant Kumar Tayal

Dehydration of fruits and vegetables is a promising food processing technology that increases shelf life of products for almost a year. It is a value addition process that can save 1/3rd losses of seasonal agro-products. Solar dryers can be used to carry food dehydration without relying on electricity. India is primarily an agriculture-dependent country. However, the pace at which agricultural and economic activities are changing is so fast that traditional methods of working are increasingly being considered out dated. Modernization, with many innovations, is the order of the day, such as progress in the field of information technology, which has gone forward in leaps and bounds. Indian rural economy is also improving at an accelerated rate with each passing day. The pattern of crops is changing fast with the farmers realizing that they cannot survive solely on conventional crops. This awareness is making farmers look towards horticultural crops such as fruits, vegetables spices, etc., which yield high income. In fact, rural women have also turned into successful entrepreneurs by starting cottage industries and microenterprises that fetch attractive returns through DWACRA and other Self Help Groups (SHGs).

895-899

Authors: 1K.Geetha 2Dr.N.Anusheela

This paper presents an inventory model for deteriorating items with price dependent demand. Deterioration rate follows two parameter weibull distribution. Shortages are allowed and are completely backlogged.

910-915

Authors: Mr.Rahul Shukla, Prof(Dr.) Anil kumar Solanki

frequent pattern mining is an essential data mining task, with a goal of discovering knowledge in the form of repeated patterns. Many efficient pattern mining algorithms have been discovered in the last two decades to enhance the performance of Apriori Algorithm, for the purpose of determining the frequent pattern. The main issue for any algorithm is to reduce the Execution time. In this paper we compare the performance of Apriori and ECLAT Algorith on the medical data and find out the interesting pattern in medical data.

924-944

Authors: Dr. Namita Gupta1, Nitesh Goyal2

Software testing is the process used to measure the quality of developed computer software. It is done to find all the bugs, flaws, broken paths, stray components etc. in a given program or software. The initial step of doing software testing includes testing the most critical module of all, so that main body of software is tested first. In this paper the technique of finding the most critical module of all depending on functional dependency is being discussed with the initiation of build testing.

954-962

Authors: Ms. Raisa I. Mulla1, Prof. Rahul N. Patil2

Ad-hoc low-power wireless networks are the challenging analysis direction in sensing and pervasive computing. Wireless Senor Network (WSN) basically use for security and energy efficiency. Early work on security in this area has been focused on denial of service (DOS) at the routing or medium access control (MAC) levels. Previously, the resource depletion attacks are considered as a routing problem, under this model are classified in to a new group called “Vampire attacks”. This difficult work examine thoroughly the identification of resource depletion attacks at the routing protocol layer and in the application layer, which completely disable networks by quickly exhausting nodes’ battery power. Vampire attacks are not a protocol specific and they do not rely on design properties but rather exploits properties of protocol classes of routing protocols. Vampire attacks are liable to be influenced or harmed by a particular thing, which are disastrous, hard to find, and are easy to carry out using as few as one malicious insider sending only protocol compliant messages. A single Vampire can increase network-wide energy usage by a factor of O (N), where N in the number of network nodes, happens in worst case. In this work a detection and control strategy is proposed for these vampire attacks, along with a secure packet forwarding mechanism, which will keep safe from harm and danger Ad-hoc wireless nodes from power exhaust due to Vampires at packets forwarding level.

970-977

Authors: Achu S1, Emil Ninan Skariah2

In the interconnected transmission networks, the fault current is fed by several sources and its direction depends on the fault place and is not fixed. The need for directional relaying in distribution networks has been raised due to the emergence of distributed generation (DG) units. The application of voltage as a reference quantity for the detection of fault direction is a common practice in transmission lines. Nevertheless, this approach is not applicable in distribution networks due to the absence of potential transformers. So a novel directional relaying scheme is introduced which is able to detect the fault location using only the postfault current. Also an algorithm to calculate distance of fault location during L-G is included in this system.

986-990

Authors: NITESH KUMAR

The emerging industry of Openstack brought us to an extent where security is of great importance .The model proposed in this paper implements dynamic access control in openstack using keystone ,this gives the finer granularity of authorization in openstack .The V model elaborates the flexible approach to attain the keystone identity service with the use of token and session management. The path followed by user to gain access to the system justify authenticity on every node .Therefore, providing a significant control mechanism.

1002-1009

Authors: Mohd Mujeed Uddin1,S.V Altaf2,Abdul Wasay Mudassir3

to ensure the actual presence of real legit i-mate in contrast to self manufactured or reconstructed sample is a significant problem in bio-metric authentication, which requires the development of new and efficient protection measures. In this paper, we present a novel software-based fake detection method that can be used in multiple bio-metric systems to detect different types of fraudulent access attempts. The objective of the proposed system is to enhance the security of bio-metric recognition frameworks, by adding liveness assessment in a fast, user-friendly, and non-intrusive manner, through the use of image quality assessment. The proposed approach presents a very low degree of complexity, which makes it suitable for real-time applications, using 25 general image quality features extracted from one image (i.e., the same acquired for authentication purposes) to distinguish between legitimate and impostor samples.[3] The experimental results, obtained on publicly available data sets of fingerprint, iris, and 2D face, show that the proposed method is highly competitive compared with other state-of-the-art approaches and that the analysis of the general image quality of real bio metric samples reveals highly valuable information that may be very efficiently used to discriminate them from fake traits.[9]

1015-1022

Authors: [1] Manveen Kaur, [2]Abhishek Behera

This paper involves studying errors produced in the gear before and after heat treatment processes while manufacturing a spur gear. High torque load demands, low running noises and compact designs are basically the characteristics of modern gearboxes. In order to fulfill these requirements, profile specifications have to be controlled tightly. Heat treatment processes, hobbing, shaving, etc. leads to distortion in the profile, while manufacturing high accuracy gears. In this analysis two different blanks were taken to manufacture a spur gear of module 1.75mm , which went through a series of inspection at different stages of its manufacturing to get the gear within desired permissible limits. The present paper also deals with the finding of profile, lead and pitch errors before and after the heat treatment processes using Gear Testing Machine- TTi-300 N.

1031-1035

Authors: Renu Sharma[1], Dipa Nitin Kokane[2]

In this paper the design and analysis of the Pythagorean tree fractal antenna is proposed, which uses a unique fractal geometry known as Pythagoras tree. It was simulated using IE3D electromagnetic simulator by which antenna properties such as return loss, gain, VSWR, Directivity and Bandwidth are analyzed. This antenna has a compact size of base patch 41.34*41.34*1.6 mm3 .The antenna has been designed for the frequency ranges of 0 GHz to 6 GHz for which VSWR< 2 which includes the WLAN, Wi-Max & other wireless communication applications.

1045-1053

Authors: Sherry

This paper presents a review for automatic text summarization techniques. Text Summarization is extraction of required information from the huge documents by ignoring the irrelevant details with the help of distinct approaches and provides the summary in compact way which reduces the effort and time of user. Due to the huge availability of data in all the fields the management and study of the information become difficult. Due to this the interest in the research of new automatic summarization techniques has been increased. Different approaches are used to determine summary. Plain text and multilingual text summarization play very important role in summary generation. This paper provides the review of all the existing text summarization techniques.

1062-1065

Authors: Ayyaj .I .Nadaf 1, S. V. Kulkarni2. Dr. P. P. Shaha3. Dr. M. K. Bhanarkar4

This paper presents utilization of Programmable Control System (PLC) for sugar factory brix measurement. Brix is dissolved amount of sucrose crystal to clear syrup named after German mathematician and engineer Adolf Brix (symbol °Bx). Sugar industry use batch pans for boiling of clear syrup to form the sugar crystals. This pure crystal can only be developing in certain confined pan parameters. Pressure, temperature, vacuum and level are the main parameters of a pan system. One degree Brix is 1 gram of sucrose in 100 grams of solution and represents the strength of the solution as percentage by mass. PLC is a current trend in control system. In sugar industry PLC can be used for controlling parameter of the batch pan. PLC based control system can improve the results of this non-linear multi input multi output system.

1075-1079

Authors: Aditi Soni, Sujit K. Badodia

The art of information hiding has received lots of attention in the recent years as security of information has become a big concern in this internet epoch. As sharing of sensitive information through a common communication channel has become unavoidable, Steganography is the science and art of hiding information. Steganography means hiding a secret message (the embedded message) within a file (source cover) in such a way that an observer will not be able to detect the presence of contents of the hidden message. In this paper, proposed data hiding method that utilizes Projection of the letters, then compression of that letters with spread spectrum image Steganography technique. Experimental results show that the proposed method can bury a large amount of secret data while keeping very high security, as when the message is decrypted.

1092-1106

Authors: V.V.D.Sahithi1 ,P.Sai Krishna2 ,K.Lalithkumar3 ,C.S.P.Rao4

Lot sizing problem in Material Requirement Planning (MRP) systems belongs to those problems that industrial manufacturers face daily in organizing their overall production plans. Lot sizing plays an important role in minimization of totalcost (i.e. sum of setup and holding cost). When multiple levels, multiple items and capacity restrictions are involved in an inventory lot sizing problem, determination of optimum lot sizes becomes very complicated and may be treated as NP hard class of problems. However this combinatorial optimization problem can be solved by using soft computing techniques in a reasonable CPU time when small instances are considered. Many heuristic techniques were developed in the past to solve lot sizing problems but most of them were failed in successful implementation. In this paper the authors are presenting an Iterative improvement binary particle swarm optimization (IIBPSO) techniques for solving very large capacitated multi item multi level lot sizing problem (CMIMLLS). In the proposed algorithm first a set of initial solution is randomly choosen then, used the particles to find solution according to standard mechanism of binary particle swarm optimization (BPSO). After reaching a reasonable solution point, a hybrid selection with iterative improvement local search mechanism is applied to restart the algorithm. Hybrid selection is a kind of restart mechanism in BPSO, and finally a local search is used on the global best solution to improve the solution quality. The IIBPSO algorithm showed good experimental results and outperforms all other approaches in terms of quality of solution.

1112-1129

Authors: Aswathy Anna Aprem, Fossy Mary Chacko

In this paper, a suitable controller for Distribution Static Compensator (DSTATCOM) is designed for improving the power quality. Power Quality has become a major issue in the present power system network. The network complexity is increasing more rapidly and most of the loads are inductive in nature which draws more reactive power. This causes harmonics and voltage variations in power system. To maintain the proper operation of inter-connected power system, we are using one of the FACTS devices such as DSTATCOM. It provides suitable compensation and thereby maintains the desired power factor, voltage and also reduce the harmonic content in distribution network. The fuzzy logic controlled block diagram for DSTATCOM which is optimized using GA is incorporated and also it has been simulated. A comparative study of PI controlled and Fuzzy Logic Controlled DSTATCOM is also made. The simulation is taken out by MATLAB/SIMULINK and the result shows the effectiveness of GA optimized Fuzzy controlled DSTATCOM for improvement of power quality.

1137-1140

Authors: InduNehra, Student(M.Tech), RCEW, Jaipur *Aishwary, Assistant Professor, RCEW Jaipur

LSB is well know method for stegnography. There are several changes suggested by different researchers time to time on LSB and stegnography. Most of the methods are by using enryption and in decryption of the message in different ways. This paper proposes the java APIs for encoding and decoding of messages which is to be staged.

6-14

Authors: Adrian Udenze

A scheduling based Media Access Control (MAC) protocol named Transmitter Initiated Scheduling (TIS) is presented. TIS maintains multiple schedules tailored to traffic events per communication link resulting in increased performance compared to scheduling strategies with a single schedule for all communication links. TIS is formulated as a queuing system where packets arriving at a node are serviced depending on the node’s state. The reward structure for TIS maps directly to network optimisation objectives, namely, minimising average energy consumption subject to average queue lengths. The theoretical framework for TIS is a continuous time Semi Markov Decision Process as opposed to the more frequently used Discrete Time Markov Decision Process. This allows nodes to have multiple sleep states with no fixed frame lengths significantly reducing packet collisions. TIS is suitable for both environments with memory-less event occurrence as well as systems with memory. Simulation results show that TIS offers significant energy savings compared to RL-MAC, a state of the art MAC, for a given delay constraint.

17-21

Authors: Khadija Zafar

Risk controlling in software projects is considered to be a most important contributor to project success. Six Sigma is being used in the industries and business sectors as a project management method to authenticate goal of near to excellence in process accomplishment and execution. It is one of applications in several organization and business processes to attain major performance enhancement in different industrial and business sectors including the IT sector. Six Sigma require across-the- board framework for effective risk management because root cause analysis (RCA) is still the primary and most important practice used for managing risks in this methodology. In this research, we have endeavoured to put forward an investigation in order to improve quality and productivity of Six Sigma projects, predominantly in the IT development projects. The study also included detailed overview of the current methods being practiced for risk identification, mitigation and management in Six Sigma.

22-28

Authors: Anees A S, Bibin Varghese Kurien

Here we propose a multi-hop broadcasting protocol for time critical emergency message dissemination in Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). Here we use a partitioning protocol which consists of three mechanisms. First, Selection of emergency message using different mechanisms (e.g cross layer broadcast protocol). Second is multiple sectoring, partitioning the total region into different sectors (number of sectors depending on the density of vehicle in particular region). Third, transfer this emergency message into nearby sectors and Road Side Unit (RSU).It enables a faster and more reliable emergency message dissemination by shortening the channel access time and reducing the contention period jitter. VANET is not restricted up to Vehicle-to-Vehicle communication, it also takes advantages of road side units. Using directional antennas as road side units it influence the system performance. Antenna positioning related to road geometry is also important

29-34

Authors: Rosemary Mathai¬¬1, Sheela Joseph2, Sini Paul3

A dc-dc converter featuring a steep step down of the input voltage is presented. The proposed converter uses two quadratic buck converters integrated with switched inductor structure. The structure formed by two inductors and two diodes is known as switched inductor structure. When the switch is on, the inductors are charged in series and when the switch is off, the inductors are discharged in parallel in switched inductor structure. The dc voltage conversion ratio of this converter has a quadratic dependency on duty cycle, providing a large step down. The stress voltage over the switches is reduced as compared to the quadratic buck converter. A complete theoretical analysis of the converter is done in continuous conduction mode. Also simulation results are presented which verify the theoretical analysis.

35-41

Authors: Neethu S Babu, Teena Jacob

To save the energy consumption of various devices green and eco-friendly electronics are developed. This lead to the development of Brushless DC motor (BLDCM). Brush less dc motor is defined as a permanent synchronous machine with rotor position feedback. Brushless dc motors are now a days more popular in industrial and traction applications. The brushless dc motor drive consists of four main parts- power converter, permanent magnet- synchronous machine (PMSM), sensors and control algorithm. Many varieties of control techniques such as PI, PID and fuzzy logic controller have been introduced for the speed control of the BLDC motor. In this paper an adaptive fuzzy PID controller which implies parallel combination of fuzzy PI and fuzzy PD is used for speed control of BLDC motor, which is found to be more efficient in tracking the speed under conditions of external disturbances and allows regenerative braking without any loss in power.

45-49

Authors: Swapna S. Yedshikar1.,Prof. Dr. A. S. Kasnale2.

The major factors in the global warming is Production of cement which releases CO2 in atmosphere. Efforts are needed to make concrete more environmental friendly by reducing or replacing the cement by other cementitious material or industrial waste like fly ash. Geopolymer is a new development in the world of mortar in which cement is totally replaced by fly ash and activated by alkaline solutions to act as a binder in the concrete mix. Experimental investigation has been carried out to study the effect of different volume fraction % of steel mesh on compressive strength and split tensile strength of Ferrocement and geopolymer mortar . Activated liquid to fly ash ratio of 0.6 by mass was maintained in the experimental work on the basis of past research. Sodium silicate solution with Na2O = 16.37%, SiO2 = 34.35% and H2O = 49.28% and sodium hydroxide solution having 13M concentration were maintained throughout the experiment. Geopolymer mortar cylinders of 150*300 mm size were cast. The temperature of heating was maintained at 900C for 8 hours duration after demoulding. Test results show that compressive strength and split tensile strength of geopolymer mortar increases with increase in volume fraction percentage and specific surface of steel mesh as compare to ferrocement mortar.

50-58

Authors: Deepti A.Barhate1, Prashant Jawalkar 2

Comparison of one thing among things is a usual part of human decision formation process, particularly during an online purchase order. Without comparing it is not fair to buy a product, since it won’t give an ideal performance. For instance, if somebody is fascinated in definite products such as cameras, then he /she would need to identify what another possibility are and compare dissimilar cameras before purchasing. This way of comparison action is very common in our day-to-day life but wants high knowledge ability. So, in order to solve this trouble, we are presenting an idyllic way for inevitably mine comparable entities using comparative questions that users dispatched online. It gives a chance to improve the search knowledge by automatically offering comparisons to user. A weakly supervised bootstrapping procedure is employed here for comparative problem identification and comparable entity abstraction by assembling a large online question collection. This result also provides users to enhance new attributes of their interest to the explanation form, so that the next search recovers the provided new attribute information. This technique would overtake the existing system of online shopping.

59-64

Authors: Pinky Kumawat*1 Geet Kalani2

ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning Systems) comprises of a commercial software package that promises the seamless integration of all the information flowing through the company- accounting, human resource supply chain and the consumer information. Enterprise Resources Planning systems are computer depended systems designed to process an organization’s transaction and facilitate integrated and real time planning, production and customer response. Fuzzy logic has emerged as a profitable tool for the controlling and steering of systems and many critical organizational procedures, like for household and entertainment electronics, as well as other expert systems and uses. In this research work we try to investigates the factors that impact user satisfaction in ERP implementations, a conceptual framework that determine the critical factors which influence user’s satisfaction in the ERP implementation will be developed. Although ERP implementation is costly and time consuming and it can also lead to loss of many valuable resources of the organizations in case of wrong methods and not efficient way of implementation. Hence it is critically important for the organizations to understand and clearly realize all the values achieved from ERP initiatives.

68-78

Authors: Kartik Mittal, Nitin Agrawal

Nickel based super alloys are fast gaining relevance and importance in the aerospace and steam power industries, as they have high strength to weight ratio, and exhibit superior mechanical properties. In addition, they possess high resistance at high temperatures; maintaining their resistance to corrosion, thermal shock, creep and erosion at elevated temperatures. Nickel based alloys contain a high percentage of Nickel and Chromium elements, and a continuous face centered cubic austenitic phase with poor thermal diffusivity, which is formed after various surface treatments. The austenitic phase contributes to the high yield strength and results in poor machinability of Nickel based alloys. The basic problem in machining of Nickel based alloys is their high chemical activity at high cutting forces and temperatures. Most of the tool coatings (TiN, TiC, TiSn, etc.) have higher chemical affinity with Nickel based alloys. So, chemical diffusion between the tool and the machined work-piece takes place, thus affecting the tool life and machined surface quality. To be able to accurately predict the temperature distribution across the Nickel based work piece, we developed a 3D simulation for temperature modelling of Nimonic 90 during turning and then contrasted the values predicted by the model with the actual experimental values. Tweaking the various variables, we can find out the optimum parameters to be used while machining so as to have the desired temperature distribution across the work piece.

79-83

Authors: Anoop S, Nirosha R

Cognitive radios are indispensable to shift paradigm from conventional exclusive spectrum assignment to dynamic spectrum access. They can boost up spectrum utilization significantly, by dynamically accessing unused primary spectrum while bringing no harm to primary users. The envisioned radio calls for fast and accurate spectrum sensing. Researchers are focusing on cooperative spectrum sensing to improve reliability but still there is room for improvement in local spectrum sensing. In cooperative spectrum sensing, it will be hard to cooperate with local network nodes in a short time as cognitive radio has to operate in heterogeneous wireless networks. Most of the renowned local spectrum sensing technique in the literature up to now is matched detection, although it is reliable but computationally complex. Other well-known local sensing techniques are energy detection and matched filter detection. This paper proposes an adaptive local spectrum sensing scheme, in which cognitive radio can adopt one-order matched filter or energy detector for spectrum sensing on the basis of estimated SNR, which is calculated in advance for available channels. Simulation results indicate that we can achieve reliable results equal to one-order matched filter detection with less mean detection time.

84-88

Authors: Anju R.S

Ultrasound imaging of ovary is used to determine infertility problems. Now a days it is quite common. For effective treatment, information like shape, position, size and presence of cyst are important. Today detection of cyst is done by medical experts in non automatic way. This method often results inaccurate and incorrect determination. In this paper, a new automatic detection of follicles in ultrasound images of ovary is proposed. Four stages are involved like preprocessing, segmentation, feature extraction and classification. In preprocessing stage gaussian low pass filter is used for removing speckle noise in ultrasound image of ovary. Proposed algorithm use kirsch template for segmentation. Features extracted from the segmented image is used to classify normal ovary or cystic ovary.

92-99

Authors: 〖Vijay N A〗^(1*), 〖Ravikumar J〗^2, 〖Chethan K S〗^3, 〖Kiran Aithal S〗^4

The project is mainly concerned about the analysis of a gear box casing used for permanent magnet D.C. motors with the help of ANSYS workbench software. Gear box casing is a part of the gear box, it provides support to the shaft and bearings. Thus the gear box casing is an important component to be taken into account while designing. Gear box casing i.e. the top and bottom cover casing is typically made up of an aluminum material using casting process. The objective of the project is to build the model (Gear box casing) and to analyze the gear box casing used for permanent magnet DC motors for Static stress and Modal analysis. The load for static stress analysis is calculated by Rope and pulley method setup. The gear box casing is modeled using CATIA V5 software and analyzed using ANSYS workbench software. The static stress analysis is used to analyze the stresses and deformations of the gear box casing and the modal analysis is executed to govern the vibration features (Mode shapes and natural frequencies) of gear box casing in order to prevent the resonance for gear box casing component. The results obtained by the stress analysis is found to be in a good agreement and modal analysis i.e. vibrational characteristics like frequency and mode shapes are presented and are within the limits.

100-102

Authors: Praveen S.Desai, Heramb R Pawaskar, Prof. N N .Manchekar

the injector tester consists of a small tank, pump, pressure gauge and handle. There is a separate bowl for receiving the fuel sprayed from the nozzle. The injector to be tested is fitted in the injection testing equipment.

105-108

Authors: Vinky Dhingra,Vaishali Washwa

This paper reviews the studies involved in background subtraction techniques.Object detection is basically the most important step in video analysis. There are various studies which are aimed at detecting the objects in video sequences. But due to fast illumination change in a visual surveillance system, many of them are not tolerant to dynamic background. There are various background subtraction algorithms for detection of moving objects, but many of them fail with slow-moving objects or in poor image qualities of videos and does not distinguish shadows from moving objects. Among all the background extraction techniques, Multibackground model and Robust thresholding are the most efficient which can deal with the problem such as occurrence of shadow in its foreground.

112-115

Authors: 1 T.Jyothsna 2 J.Ravi kumar

: Clients may search for different type of things to update their knowledge. But Search results depend on the user posed query has to satisfy their searched properties that is stored in the spatial database. For this fast generation, we need a conventional way of searching is required to develop modern application. Here our aim is search has to meet two things that spatial predicate and associated texts. Suppose a client searching for items that is available in a restaurant which is close to his circle is the condition. In spite of comparing all searches related items (restaurants) for accurate one. Just think about the restaurant which is closed to the searcher that contains menu items like “steaks, spaghetti, brandy” available at the same time. At present the great solution to solve this problem of searching is possible by IR2 tree but, it is insufficient to get an accurate result exactly. For that we newly introduced a spatial inverted index algorithm that extends the gap of IR2 tree which is lagging to compute the multidimensional data. We are evaluating this experimental by posing different queries.

116-118

Authors: Digvijay Puri1, Priyanka Sharma2

A watermark is symbol of origin, ownership, copyright etc. A watermark is embedded in the multimedia content like video or image. When watermark is inserted in the video is known as video watermarking and when watermark is inserted in the image is known as image watermarking. Video watermarking is more secure and qualitative then the image watermarking because in video watermarking there is availability of additional data. To embed a predefined watermark in the video frame, there are two techniques. One is pseudo random sequence which is used for objective detection and other technique is binary image or gray image which is used for subjective detection. In this thesis, in order to subjectively verify the ownership of video frame with the aid of extracting of watermark, a binary logo image is used as a watermark bit is either 1 or 0.

121-126

Authors: S. Sambhu Prasad1, G. Panduranga2

The study of stress and displacement analysis of rectangular stainless steel plate of size 300mm X 100mm X 10mm with elliptical cutout of size 40 mm major axis and 20mm minor axis at the centre of the plate with different orientation is carried out by using finite element formulation. The 3D plate is designed in CATIA V5 tool and analysis is carried out in ANSYS package. The plate with cutouts is often used in modern engineering like aerospace, mechanical and civil engineering applications. It is mainly focused on the study of stress concentration induced at the abrupt change of the cross section of the plate due to cutout. The changes of the stresses and displacements have been calculated for the different orientation of the cutout and are tabulated and discussed in this paper.

127-133

Authors: Ajith Ashokan, Dr. Babu Paul, Jeena Joy

This paper discussed about two DC-DC converters with same design and different voltage gain. The voltage conversion ratio is different. Compared with the classical Cuk and buck–boost converters, the converter increases the voltage boost ability significantly using the switched capacitor and self-lift techniques. Here we discussed enhanced self-lift Cuk converter and self-lift Luo converter. It is featured with single power switch operation, common ground, transformerless structure, and clear energy delivery process. This compare study is done by MATLAB 2013a.

134-138

Authors: Parvathy U S, Stephie Sara Philipose

Image segmentation is used to cluster an image based on features or regions of an image. So each cluster represents each segment. There are different segmentation algorithms, in which thresholding segmentation has an important role. Thresholding is used to obtain binary of an image, in which one state represent the foreground and the complementary represent the background. Among the various thresholding methods otsu method is the best with respect to the time and accuracy. Here we present the modification of otsu method by combining it with adaptive k-means clustering algorithm. Based on the otsu’s threshold and two mean values, the algorithm separate it into three regions such as background, foreground and the TBD (to-be-determined) region. The further processing carried out in this TBD region, which is between the two mean values. In this region we apply the adaptive k-means algorithm. The process stops until no cluster left with the image. The new method can achieve good performance in some challenging cases, such as identifying weak objects and revealing fine structures of complex objects while the added computational cost and time is minimal.

139-143

Authors: Mayur Bhalia

In the last few years; we have seen that the field of mobile computing drastically changes due to the economical, widely available wireless devices. However, current devices, applications and protocols are mainly focused on cellular or WLAN, without including the MANET (Mobile Ad-Hoc Network).

148-153

Authors: Eulia Mariam Mathew, Tintu Mary John

In the past few years, we have seen a fast expansion in the field of mobile computing due to the production of inexpensive, widely available wireless devices. In contrast, current devices applications and protocols in WSN are mainly focused on energy consumption and life time of network. To provide the required network functionality in WSN and to sustain network life time it process selective routing protocol. Most of the battery powers drain in data aggregation than processing and the network would affect in case of any particular node failure. To address this problem, the energy efficient Multi-sink path selection strategy is proposed, where each source node finds its sinks on its surroundings. If the destination is not reachable by its sink, each sink find its next sink and perform traffic through that sink. This paper presents the techniques in Multipath selection to enhance the lifetime of the sensors in WSN.

154-160

Authors: Aswathi Rajan, Kiran Krishnan

Anonymous communications are vital for several applications of the mobile unplanned networks (MANETs) deployed in someone environments. A significant demand on the network is to produce unidentifiability and unlinkability for mobile nodes and their traffics. Though variety of anonymous secure routing protocols is projected, the necessity isn't absolutely glad. The present protocols are susceptible to the attacks of pretend routing packets or denial-of-service (DoS) broadcasting, even the node identities are protected by pseudonyms. A brand new routing protocol is projected, i.e., documented anonymous secure routing (AASR), to satisfy the necessity and defend the attacks. Additional specifically, the route request packets are documented by a gaggle signature, to defend the potential active attacks while not unveiling the node identities.

161-180

Authors: Rupesh Kumar Tiwari, Trilok Raj Chauhan

Cold chamber high pressure die casting, (HPDC), is a vital business process for the production of complex near net shape aluminum and magnesium alloy castings. The investigations were carried out mainly using the aluminum alloy. High Pressure Die Casting (HPDC) is a complex process that results in casting defects if organized inappropriately. Though, finding out the optimum construct is a quite uphill task as eliminating one of the casting defects (for example, porosity) can result in occurrence of other casting defects. The purpose of the project is to improve current modeling and understanding of defects formation in HPDC machines. An attempt has been made to analysis the flow behavior of metal (Aluminum) in HPDC injection chamber. The flow in the injection chamber of pressure die casting machines is analyzed using a model based on the shallow-water approximation which takes into account the effects of wave reflection against the end wall of the chamber.The results of the model for wave profiles, volume of air remaining in the injection chamber at the instant at which the molten metal reaches the gate to the die cavity, and optimum values of the parameters characterizing the law of plunger motion are observed to reduce the porosity defect.We found that, although the shallow water model does not provide a very accurate estimation of the mass of entrapped air in the injection chamber for certain ranges of working conditions, it does describe reasonably well the influence of the acceleration parameters and the initial filling fraction on the entrapped air mass, and can be of help in selecting operating conditions that reduce air entrapment while keeping the injection chamber filling time as low as possible.

170-181

Authors: M.Sirisha1,B.Ravi kumar2

The modern power systems are inter connected grid systems to maintain the reliability and power quality The connecting of renewable energy sources power systems are very difficult to connect the grid systems, the maintenance and controlling of renewable energy sources. A 3- port dc-dc converter integrating pv and battery power for high step up application is proposed in this project. This project apology reuses switching losses by using 2 coupled inductors and 2 active clamped circuits. The couple inductor voltage stress of input side can be reduced by this new topology. 2 sets of active clamped circuits are used to recycle the energy stored in the leakage inductance and improve the system efficiency. The mode of operation doesn’t need to be changed when a transition b/w changing and discharging occurs. Max power point of pv source and regulating the o/p voltage can be operated simultaneously during charging and discharging transitions. The proposed converter with fuzzy controllers has a merits of high boosting level and no of switching losses and increasing the system reliability and efficiency.

182-189

Authors: Priya gupta* , Kuldeep Bhardwaj** , Riya Ahuja***

The hub of this paper is to study the EM stored energy of piezoelectric MEMS material. This performance analysis of piezoelectric material is done by using COMSOL multiphysics.An investigative relationship has been developed based on EM stored energy caused by frequency variations in piezomaterials.however displacement measured corresponds to max stored EM energy.in PZT materials energy is stored in form of vibrations which is produced during the actuation.By using the actuation principle of different material,energy harvesting can be analysed.We have observed the graph between freq and total stored EM energy of various materials.And the best material found from the analysis is lead zirconate titanate as it provides maximum displacement which corresponds to maximum energy harvesting.this model investigates how the ambient vibrations harvest the energy and also enhances the quality.

190-193

Authors: Dipika Jain* Ms. Sunita Sangwan (SS) **

A network is basically a connection between two or more devices such as computers, telephones, mobiles and laptops etc. The connection can be either a wired connection or a wireless connection. Wireless network connection can be an infrastructureless network with no central administrator. Such a wireless network connection is termed as Adhoc networks. When all the nodes in this network are mobile, then the network is said as mobile adhoc networks (MANET). The nodes are mobile and can anytime freely enter or exit the network. The network has a dynamic topology, self-organizing nodes and is multihop in nature. The paper is about the general survey of the routing protocols and the black hole attack. This paper has two major sections, first is about the general MANET and second is the study of network simulator, NS-2 which concludes with the proceeding implementation work showing the effect of black hole attack on AODV and analyzing the TORA protocol over end to end Delay and Packet Drop Ratio as the parameters in the third section.

194-204

Authors: Sayeda Ayesha, Poonam Dhamal

Now a days VANET is becoming wide range application as its more abilities and less cost compare to wired network. We should provide security as VANET is of inherent nature. Attack of flooding is belonging to DOS attacks. Attack of flooding disturbs performance by generating the floods of request packets. It blocks the original data packet which supposed to travel to destination. It weakens the VANET by consuming power batteries space and the bandwidth. Malicious node flooded the hello packets continuously. So the next node cannot send packets to destination. In this case one of neighbor send the error packet to source and source again start the rout discovery function. So the hello interval value updated and informs other node securely. This process will avoid attack of flooding considerably. This process calculates packet delay, packet delivery ratio, throughput etc. Algorithm achieved by the AODV and will get test in ad hoc network. It will decrees control overhead by 2%.

205-213

Authors: 1BHAWNA 2MEENAKSHI

Links or more we say relationships, among data instances are everywhere. These links are considered as the patterns or relationships or similarity between users or objects. Most of the times, all the links of the social network are not present and we need to observe the non existing links. Main goal of the link prediction problem is to identify or predict the links that can occur in future. Link prediction problem has the major relevancy in social network. Traditional methods often gives less prediction accuracy as they are mostly structure based and calculates the user similarity considering simple terms like common neighbors. Although some methods use clustering techniques but there are some drawbacks and still much to improve. In our proposed method, we presented a cluster based link prediction (CBLP) algorithm that are time efficient and predicts link in more accurate way. In this method, Firstly k-means clustering technique is used to define the clusters but the no. of clusters are defined with the proposed formula; it leads to more efficient clustering of data occurs. Secondly, calculation of user similarity for all non existing links are there with the consideration of three proposed values such that a) ratio of number of common neighbours in the same cluster to that of total number of common neighbours b) semantic similarity value between the two nodes c) ratio of product of individual degree of two nodes to that of max degree of the network. With the proposed method, we are able to achieve more AUC value.

213-218

Authors: Muhib Ur Rahman1

In this paper, a compact UWB band notch antenna is proposed. Band notching is achieved by inserting a slot in the radiating patch. The antenna is analyzed for single band notch. The proposed antenna is operating in the frequency range of 3.4 to 10.6 GHz while its performance is not good in the WLAN band (5/6 GHz). The VSWR plot also shows that antenna has one stop band (5/6 GHz). The proposed antenna is simulated using Ansoft HFSS while its results is verified using CST Microwave studio suite. This miniature size has best matching in the UWB band because of low VSWR and advantageous radiation pattern. The ripples present in higher frequencies of the previous designed antenna has been removed by increasing the length of the ground plane. Moreover the antenna has a very compact size of (18×23 mm2) and could be easily fabricated into portable UWB devices.

219-222

Authors: 1 N.Latha 2 Sudhakar reddy

With the advent and popularity of social network, more and more users like to share their experiences, such as ratings, reviews, and blogs. The new factors of social network like interpersonal influence and interest based on circles of friends bring opportunities and challenges for recommender system (RS) to solve the cold start and sparsity problem of datasets. Some of the social factors have been used in RS, but have not been fully considered. In this paper, three social factors, personal interest, interpersonal interest similarity, and interpersonal influence, fuse into a unified personalized recommendation model based on probabilistic matrix factorization. The factor of personal interest can make the RS recommend items to meet users' individualities, especially for experienced users. Moreover, for cold start users, the interpersonal interest similarity and interpersonal influence can enhance the intrinsic link among features in the latent space. We conduct a series of experiments on three rating datasets: Yelp ,MovieLens, and Douban Movie. Experimental results show the proposed approach outperforms the existing RS approaches

223-225

Authors: 1 M.Srinivasulu 2 T.Vijaya rao

Cloud computing is a latest technology that gives platform and software as a service. A cloud platform can be either virtualized or not. the cloud platform increases the resources availability and the flexibility of their management (allocation, migration, etc.). It also reduces the cost through hardware multiplexing and helps energy saving. Virtualization is then a more and interesting technology of cloud computing. System virtualization refers to the software and hardware techniques that allow partitioning one physical machine into multiple virtual instances that run concurrently and share the underlying physical resources and devices. Virtualization is a key technology to enable cloud computing. It enhances resource availability and offers high flexibility and cost effectiveness. In our proposed scheme allows us to dynamically tune the aggregation mechanism to achieve the best tradeoff between the packets delay and throughput. The proposed I/O virtualization model hence forth satisfies the infrastructure providers to offer cloud computing services. Here I/O virtualization model based on packet aggregation to transfer packets between the driver domain and the VMs. It will Improve networking performance of VM where the access to the network device is shared through the driver domain.

228-234

Authors: Anooplal. K. S, Girish. S, Arunlal. K. S

— In this modern era computers and smart devices are the major mode of communication, which connects different parts of the world within a fraction of seconds, As a result, people can easily exchange information, so that the distance is no longer a barrier for communication but safety and security may get compromised. This creates brutal issues while storing or transferring confidential data. By making use of Delta Steganography techniques, these security threats can be tackled to some extent and also eliminate unnecessary data being transmitted over network. This work introduces a combined form of steganography and delta compression algorithms. Steganography conveniently obscure confidential data inside a video file, delta compression analyze stego frames and reference frames then produce a set of instructions named as delta file. Storing or transferring delta file rather than video file can offer reduced space consumption as well as high security to the confidential data.

235-244

Authors: M.S.Prabhu1, J. Naveen Raj2, G. Vignesh3

Human hair & kenaf have solid malleable property; thus it could be utilized as a fiber reinforcement material. It gives great property at easier expense of generation. It additionally makes ecological issue for its deteriorations because of its non-degradable properties. To this end, an attempt has been made to study the potential utilization of human hair & kenaf which is economically and effortlessly found in India for making value added products. The objective of present work is to evaluate the mechanical properties of human hair & reinforced epoxy composites. The impact of fiber loading on mechanical properties like tensile strength, flexural strength, impact strength and hardness of composites is examined. Trials were directed on polymer composites with different contents of Kenaf & human hair fiber with constant fiber length of 10 mm. By testing of composites it has been observed that there is significant influence of Kenaf-human hair hybrid reinforcement on mechanical behavior of composites.

246-250

Authors: Akshara M, Radhakrishnan B

The Color Filter Array is a mosaic of tiny color filters placed over the pixel sensors of an image sensor to capture color information.CFA image is divided into 4 sub images. Each sub image contains G1, G2, R and B color components. G1 is encoded by using any conventional gray scale encoding technique. G2 is predicted from encoded G1 values which produces the prediction error eδG2. Then, the G pixels are interpolated to fill in the G values at the positions of the R and B pixels. Fourth, these interpolated G pixels are subtracted from the R and B pixels, producing δR. δR is predicted from encoded G1 value, predicted G2 value and already encoded R value produces the prediction error of red. δB is predicted from encoded G1 value and from both predicted G2 and B value and also from already encoded B value produces the prediction error of blue. The error signals obtained by the prediction block are fed into an entropy encoder. The choice of predictors and weights is of course based on the direction of edges around the x. We define the edge directivity around x and take smallest two of them and they are used for the calculation of weight and then by using the weight and predictors actual value is estimated. After estimating the value of G2, R and B, three errors are calculated. These three errors are fed into an entropy encoder like Huffman encoder and they are separately encoded. Then bits per pixel and compression ratio are calculated. It can be decoded by using a Huffman decoder. From images that are outputted by Huffman decoder, mosaic image is created by inverse prediction. After applying demosaicing and color reconstruction techniques, we get the original full color image.

251-262

Authors: Sumit Kumar Verma#, Er. Poonam Beniwal#

A new image watermarking scheme has been developed which combines Singular Value Decomposition and its FFT form (i.e. FFT-SVD). It consumes a lot of less resources, also it computes a larger set of data faster without effecting the quality of the original image. The proposed scheme has been simulated in MATLAB environment.

263-267

Authors: Suman, Poonam Beniwal

— Active Noise Control (ANC) involves an electro acoustic or electromechanical system that cancels the primary (unwanted) noise based on the principle of superposition. An anti-noise signal of equal amplitude and opposite phase is generated and combined with the primary noise, resulting in the cancellation of the noise. A fundamental problem to be considered in ANC systems is the requirement of highly precise control, temporal stability and reliability. To produce high degree of attenuation, the amplitude and phase of both the primary and the secondary noise must match with the close precision. The adaptive filters are used to control the noise and it has a linear input and output characteristic. If a transfer path of the noise has nonlinear characteristics it will be difficult for the filter to generate an optimal anti-noise. In this study, we propose a algorithm, delta rule algorithm which uses non linear output function. Delta rule is used for learning complex patterns in Artificial Neural Networks. We have implemented the adaptive filters using Least Mean Square (LMS) algorithm, Recursive Least Square (RLS) algorithm and compared the results.

268-272

Authors: Pankaj Gupta, Poonam Beniwal

In practical application, the statistical characteristics of signal and noise are usually unknown or can't have been learned so that we hardly design fix coefficient digital filter. In allusion to this problem, the theory of the adaptive filter and adaptive noise cancellation are researched deeply. According to the Least Mean Squares (LMS) and the Recursive Least Squares (RLS) algorithms realize the design and simulation of adaptive algorithms in noise canceling, and compare and analyze the result then prove the advantage and disadvantage of two algorithms .The adaptive filter with MATLAB are simulated and the results prove its performance is better than the use of a fixed filter designed by conventional methods.

273-281

Authors: I M SANJAY KUMAR DR. T R HEMANTH KUMAR

This paper presents the design and fabrication of coconut leaves shredder to obtain coconut leaves powder to prepare the vermin compost. The conventional agro-waste disposal is a traditional and oldest method of waste disposal in which agriculture wastes are dumped as it is to degrade in a particular place for decomposing. As the wastes are dumped as such, it takes more time to degrade and it causes environmental pollution. The shredder machine aims to reduce the size of agriculture waste which useful for nourishing fertilizer. A shredder machine mainly consists of cutter, mounted on dual shaft, motor is attached at the base, smaller pulley at the motor end gives drive with the help V-belt to bigger pulley which is connected to gear. One gear will give drive to other gear, and Barrel rotates in opposite direction with the help of these gears. Shaft it rotates at 520 rpm at this time coconut leaves fed into the hopper for high rotational speed of cutter assembly coconut leaves get convert into powder

279-292

Authors: Tarunveer Singh, Shubhanshu Jain

Adsorption technique is widely used for removal of toxic organic contaminants from aqueous streams. Owing to the hazardous or otherwise undesirable characteristics of phenolic compounds in particular, their presence in wastewater from municipal and industrial discharge is one of the most important environmental issue. The discharge of poor quality effluents by the chemical-based laboratories and refineries in India is posing a serious threat to water sources and wastewater treatment installations alike. Our study was set up in the Indo-French Unit for Water & Wastewater Technologies (IFUWWT), IIT Delhi. The main objective of this study was to assess the efficiency of a laboratory-scale activated sludge treatment process in producing a final effluent conforming to regulatory standards of Central Pollution Control Board, India with regards to COD and metal ion loads. The study was conducted in three principal stages: characterization of wastewater containing nanoparticles; treatability studies of laboratory generated discards and investigations of heavy metal ions before and after treatment. The raw effluent parameters analyzed were COD, BOD, F/M ratio, Sludge Value Index, Total Solids and concentrations of Cu, Ag and Zn. MLSS of the aeration basin was calculated to be 7180±261.3 mg/L while the F/M ratio was kept down to 0.1560±.0149; besides, an SVI of 107.24 mL/g complied with the state of bioreactor’s sludge. These set of values suggested to set an extended aeration processes for the reactors. The results showed over 98% influent COD reduction and nearly 100% removal of metal ions. The sample used was operated on sludge collected from Vasant Kunj Wastewater Treatment plant. Based on the results from waste characterization and treatability studies, it was decided that the mixed liquor discharged in the activation tank should have glucose solution and laboratory discarded sample in 1:1 ratio. The reactor was operated on a glucose fed batch basis for 30 days. For metal analysis, the digested water samples were analyzed for the presence of copper, silver and zinc using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The biosorption capacities were found to be over 95% in all the cases. Such a high sludge yield is suggestive of the fact that heavy metals are in very low concentrations in the considered carboy sample. Because of these insignificant values, the amount of metal ions introduced to the system gets adsorbed almost completely, hence leaving behind no metal ion within the supernatant. Well-treated wastewater has enormous potential as a source of water for crops, households and industry.

288-292

Authors: Silpa S Kumar, Radhakrishnan B, Raji P G

This is a method used for car license plate detection. Firstly the Adaptive thresholding is applied for binarizing the gray scale image. Then the binarized image is enhanced by removing noise. After that, new Vertical edge based method is used to detect the number plate because of the high availability of the vertical edges in the number plate rather than the horizontal edges. Using vertical edge detection reduces the computation time. After that scan the image horizontally and vertically by pixel information are used to detect the license plate. This new Vertical edge based method to make proposed car license plate detection method faster.

293-298

Authors: Deepak Devassia1, Dr. Shajan Kuriakose2, George Oommen3

Abrasive flow machining is a non-conventional machining process which is used to polish, deburr, and radius hard to reach surfaces like intricate geometries and edges by flowing an abrasive laden viscoelastic polymer over them. Conventional methods have limitations for machining such components with complex geometries. In this process , abrasive medium flow inside the crossed holes of a launch vehicle’s fluid component made of Z30C13 stainless steel . In this study, the effect of process parameters such as abrasive size, abrasive concentration and number of cycles were studied on surface roughness. Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array is preferred with three levels of parameters for experimental design without considering any interaction. The percentage contribution of each factor is found by ANOVA.

299-304

Authors: 1Koshy G., 2Soumya J. W.

For broadband wireless communication systems, Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) techniques have been incorporated with Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM).. Beamforming is a multi-input multi-output technique utilizing the channel knowledge both at the transmitter and the receiver. Multiple beamforming uses more than one subchannel to improve the capacity. For frequency selective channels, to achieve Inter Symbol Interference and achieve spatial diversity combine beamforming with OFDM. Also by adding channel coding spatial diversity and multipath diversity can be achieved The diversity analysis of BICMB-OFDM-SG is limited to R_c SL≤1 where L is the number of channel taps, S is the number of parallel streams transmitted at each subcarrier and Rc is the code rate. In this paper precoding technique is employed to overcome this limitation. Also precoding provides better performance.

306-312

Authors: S.Leelavathi K.Raju

This paper proposes a modified model for active power/ frequency support of multi-area power system analysis that takes into account the effects of AC systems under deregulated environment of the power market. The AC part of studied system is comprised of conventional generators and HVAC lines. Simulations performed by Matlab software demonstrate how renewable power plants can serve as conventional generators in AGC control loops under constraints determined by the market rules. This scenery is considered one of the most promising evolutions of the future electrical power systems.

313-320

Authors: Ms. Komal H Marathe1, Mrs. Sangeetha Prasannaram2

The main objective of this paper is to design a PC based data acquisition system with a high resolution of 16 bits which can be currently used as an add on DAQ module to make measurements in the range of microvolts. This paper describes the design considerations to be taken into account for selection of components such as ADC, Microcontroller etc. so that it can also be further extended for measurement of time in sub microseconds.

321-324

Authors: K Rafeekali, E M Muhammed

Nanoparticles of cadmium substituted nickel ferrite were synthesized with step increment x, NiFe2-xCdxO4 (x=0, 0.03, 0.06, 0.09, 0.12) by sol-gel technique. This work explored the antimicrobial properties of synthesized cadmium doped nickel ferrite nanoparticles against microorganism Escherichia coli (E. coli) using solid agar plates and liquid broth medium. It is found that antibacterial effect is maximum at x=0.03. The variation of antibacterial effect was studied as a function of cadmium concentration x.

325-329

Authors: Shivam Chugh1,Ashish Verma2,Kushagar Sharma3,

Cloud Computing is a highly emerging technology which host and deliver internet Services. The power of Cloud Computing is driven by many data centre installed in hundreds to thousands of servers. Due to the increase in clients for cloud services and increasing demand for computing resources, the size and complexity of today’s data centre are growing rapidly. This paper evaluates data center processing time of different service broker policies in single data centre .The simulated results provided in this paper are based on the round robin scheduling algorithm when applied on different service broker policies to estimate response time and data center processing time.

332-337

Authors: Jithy John, Rainu Boben

Image segmentation is an important task for image understanding and analysis. Image segmentation can be applied in medical field such as diagnosing the diseases. In recent times, Computed Tomography (CT) is the most effectively method used for detecting lung cancer and other types of diseases associated with lung. Segmentation of lung is an analysis the lung deeply and checks for whether it contains any diseases or not. Nodule is an early stage of lung cancer i.e., mass in the lung. Lung segmentation is complex due to presence of juxta-pleural nodule and blood vessels. So this drawback is overcome by a fully automated method of lung segmentation is used. In this paper, segmentation scheme consist of three stages: pre-processing, lung extraction, lung identification. The goal of pre-processing is reduce the noise from CT image of lung. Second stage is lung extraction for removing fat, tissues and artifacts of patients. Third stage is lung identification for detecting lung by using Fuzzy C Means algorithm and also removes the airways. This method is mostly used for identifying the lung nodules as well as other diseases.

345-353

Authors: Ruchira Shinde ¹, Sagar Gawande ²

There is a presumption that money can compensate for damage. However in truth the any nature damages cannot be compensated and results in long term and permanent damages on the environment. This paper briefly summarizes the impact of ocean pollution on the marine life and environment as well as the measures adopted to restore the damages. Today one of the dangerous problems faced by human beings is marine pollution. In the last many years the effect of ocean pollution is the matter of concerns, because this has caused multitude of problems for aquatic life, human life and environment. The major question is why such bad conditions exist. In understanding the sources of marine pollution, one better is able to plan and implement the necessary regime for the prevention, reduction and control of it. The oceans have been a dump site for humans for thousands of years. Every day, hundreds of thousands of pounds of trash are discharged into the ocean and much of the trash discarded into the ocean is very harmful to marine life and ocean aesthetics. Millions of marine animals, including birds which rely heavily on marine life, are killed as a direct consequence of pollution. Other types of oceanic pollution such as oil spills and radioactive and industrial waste are just as costly and can contaminate the oceans for thousands of years to come. Dead zones, enormous areas of oxygen deficient water were life ceases to exist, high levels of CO2 in the environment as well as spent CO2 being stored and pumped into the oceans are some of the alarming effects. The damage we humans have brought to the oceans show how irresponsible our actions have been and act as a wakeup call on a global level. If we the humans do not curtail our ways towards life style as token to begin the respect the oceans and its importance for environment they will be changed irreparably and thus change the overall environment as they contribute major role in various natural cycles.

353-358

Authors: Aswathy Mohan T C, Prof Radhakrishnan B Prof BijiKumar R

Digital image processing is important in many areas. Noise removal in digital images is important in many fields .In this paper we propose an efficient method for the removal of random valued impulse noise. Here using a detection process and a filtering process. Detection process detects the noisy pixels by using the absolute difference and median filter for filtering.

359-363

Authors: Uma Tiwari

There is a need of strong biometric system that resolve the issues related to those who use illegal way to break the system, those with change in psychological and behavioural characteristics and specially to those disable people (people with no limbs, bad retina, facial changes, etc.). The Cephalometric analysis is a strong tool based on image processing of human skull that can be used mathematically for strong biometrics.

364-370

Authors: Fathima A., Kiran Krishnan

The Most researches on relay selection (RS) in bidirectional relay network typically assume perfect channel state information (CSI). However, outdated CSI, which is caused by the time-variation of channel, cannot be ignored in the practical system, and the performance of the conventional bidirectional RS scheme degrades greatly with outdated CSI. In this paper, to improve the performance of RS with outdated CSI, we propose a weighted bidirectional RS scheme, in which a deterministic weight factor decided by the correlation coefficient of outdated CSI, is introduced in the selection process. The outage probability bound of the weighted bidirectional RS is derived and verified, along with the asymptotic expression in high signal-to- noise ratio (SNR). Based on the analytical expressions, the optimal weight factor and the optimal power allocation scheme in minimizing the outage probability are obtained. Simulation results reveal that when the CSI is outdated, the diversity order reduces from full diversity to one. Furthermore, the weighted bidirectional RS scheme with the optimal weight factor yields a significant performance gain over the conventional bidirectional RS scheme, especially in high SNR.

371-375

Authors: Sandhya S Krishnan,Kavitha V K

The main idea of graph based image modeling is that the regions of the image, which contain similar properties, are denoted by graph vertices, and the relations between different regions are denoted by graph edges. The vertex and edge attributes usually describe the characteristics of that region and the relation between regions respectively. A simple approach to keep the structural and topological information of an image is to use digital image representation techniques; for instance, quad trees, etc. By modeling images as graphs, the task of image classification becomes one of classifying graphs. Quad trees have been used for representing images in the form of trees. In this paper we propose an algorithm that discovers the subgraphs present in a graph represented by a stream of labeled nodes and edges.Our algorithm is efficient and is easily tuned by the user to produce interesting patterns from various kinds of graph data.

382-388

Authors: Mrunali Jadhav, Priya M. Nerkar

In today’s society with the rapid growth in the field of electronic information technology and its simultaneous deployment in every field, the personal verification is a critical key problem. Due to this fact, the biometric authentication has gaining popularity as it provides a high security and reliable approach for personal authentication. Finger vein biometric is advantageous over other types of biometric systems because it has low forgery rate, aliveness detection as well as stable over long period of time. The paper presents the implementation of image processing algorithm and Feature extraction process in MATLAB. And for final authentication the template matching is carried out on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) for fast recognition. The system is prototyped on Papilio one 500k FPGA board which has Xilinx Spartan 3E chip inside. The performance of the proposed system is evaluated by the time required to verify one input finger vein sample and Precision.

389-394

Authors: Leya Zacharias1, Neema George2

Now a day’s keyword search in data mining is very emerging topic. Latest keyword search techniques on Semantic Web are moving away from shallow, information retrieval-style approaches that merely find “keyword matches” towards more interpretive approaches that attempt to induce structure from keyword queries. Exploiting identity links among RDF resources allows applications to efficiently integrate data. Keys can be very useful to discover these identity links. A set of properties is considered as a key when its values uniquely identify resources. However, these keys are usually not available. The approaches that attempt to automatically discover keys can easily be overwhelmed by the size of the data and require clean data. By using summarization algorithm the RDF data can be summarized. Here searching is done with optimization technique, so the result is accurate and efficient and also time complexity can be reduced. Unlike other techniques, our search algorithms always return correct results. For making the searching more efficient and get the accurate result within the time bound genetic algorithm is used.

395-409

Authors: Thakur Navneetha Singh (M.tech Scholor)

The main objective of this project is to feed the real-time data feeds from social media (twitter) and this data then can be used to perform the text analytics for sentiment analysis and as well as perform Segmentation using SAP HANA clustering. In this case study I am going to focus on how to access real-time social media information using Twitter. Based on our interested trend that we want to analyze , we pull out the specific tweets in real-time using Twitter API, then process and loaded this data into a SAP HANA database. To talk with the Twitter API and load the data into SAP HANA , We can make use node.js which is a free open source Google Chrome run-time. Here In this case study i have used SAP HANA instance hosted in cloud but one can also use the SAP HANA database will be hosted on the developer trail edition of the SAP HANA Cloud Platform. This project is done by using SAP HANA (in memory database platform) and Its Predictive Analysis Library algorithms in a practical approach. Once the data has been loaded we will perform further analysis. Sentiment Analysis is performed by finding whether people are tweeting positive or negative statements. Then different types of tweeters can then be grouped and segmented by estimating the influence of tweeter using the Predictive Analysis Library. For example, we can determine who is influential due to a high number of followers and re-tweets and then group the influential tweeters who are expressing negative thoughts about a product together. We can then target that group with an educational outreach program. But as a case study here I am not going to focus on a particular product because its upto the user requirement who want to focus on which kind of data from social media. So here as I am just focusing on how to feed the real-time data feeds from social media (twitter) and how this data , then can be used to perform the text analytics for sentiment analysis and as well as Segmentation using SAP HANA clustering as an example I focus on tweets related to entrepreneur 2015.

410-413

Authors: A Survey Aswathy K. V.

— Signature is one of the accepted biometric traits for the identification. Like any other biometric features, the signature is unique to everyone. Many of the fields that need authentication use the signature as an identity. So many technologies have been emerging in this field. Handwritten signatures made by each person can have various features. These characteristics cannot be reproduced by any other person as such, even though there may be some structural similarities visible. Depending on the type of characteristics that we are considering, the signatures are of online and offline. Most of the studies show that the online systems are working more effectively than offline systems since the former use an input device to acquire some additional features, commonly refer dynamic features. This paper goes through various research works implemented in the online signature verification so far.

414-421

Authors: J.M. Srishaila1, K.N. Alok2, Dr.P.PRAKASH3, Dr.Veena Jawali4

In the present experimental investigation an attempt is made to study the rheological, mechanical properties and relationship between compressive strength, Split tensile Strength, Flexural Strength and modulus of elasticity of Self Compacting Concrete made with replacement of cement by fly ash and silica fumes. Using Fly ash by 15%, 20% and 25% in combination with Silica fumes by 6%, 9% and 12% as partial replacement of cement and keeping water powder ratio 0.36 and superplasticizer 0.6% by weight of cement for all the mixes.

422-428

Authors: Richa Rana , Ashish Sharma

— Images having different PSNR values. Through PSNR value we estimate the quality of image. In this paper image processing is done by using hybrid filter. The hybrid filter is a combination of two types of filter such as median filter and Weiner filter. Both filters are used for denoising image. The PSNR is evaluated and different.

429-439

Authors: V. V. S. Nikhil Bharadwaj 1, P. Shiva Shashank 2, Munigala Harish 3 , Parthasarathy Garre 4

Lean manufacturing provides a new management approach for many small and medium size manufactures. Improvement results can be dramatic in terms of quality, cycle times, and customer responsiveness. It is more than a set of tools and techniques and has been widely adopted by many production companies. It is a culture in which all employees continuously look for ways to improve processes. Simply lean, is a systematic method for the elimination of waste within a manufacturing process. Lean also takes into account waste created through overburden and unevenness in workloads. The core idea is to maximize customer value while minimizing waste. Simply, lean means creating more value for customers with fewer resources. The advantage of this concept is, it strives to eliminate non-value-added or wasteful resources, including material, space, tooling, and labour. It applies such principles as waste minimization, flexibility, and responsiveness to change; these are supported by efforts to optimize the flow of material and information and to achieve superior quality in order to eliminate scrap and rework. Though lean manufacturing was originally developed for the automotive industry, aerospace manufacturing companies have found that these principles can also be applied in this high-precision industry to create dramatic improvements in the efficiency of production.Our aim is to identify the bottlenecks in the production line of a reputed manufacturing industry. The main objective is to provide a background on lean manufacturing, present on overview of manufacturing wastes and introduce the tools and techniques that are used to transform a company into a high performing lean enterprise.

437-445

Authors: Deepthy Skariah, Eva George

A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a computer network consisting of spatially distributed autonomous devices using sensors to cooperatively monitor physical or environmental conditions such as temperature, sound, vibration, pressure, motion or pollutants, at different locations. The development of wireless sensor networks was originally motivated by military applications i.e. battlefield surveillance. However, wireless sensor networks are now used in many civilian application areas, including environment and habitat monitoring, healthcare applications, home automation, and traffic control. Scheduling different types of packets, such as real-time and non-real-time data packets, at sensor nodes with resource constraints in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is of vital importance to reduce sensors energy consumptions and end-to-end data transmission delays. Most of the existing packet scheduling mechanisms of the wireless sensor network use First Come First Served (FCFS) non pre emptive priority and pre emptive priority scheduling algorithms. The above algorithms have high processing overhead and also long end-to-end data transmission delay. In FCFS concept the data packet which is entering the node first will go out first from the node, and the packet which will enter last will leave at last. But in FCFS scheduling of real time data packets coming to the node have to wait for a long time period.In non pre emptive priority scheduling algorithm there is starvation of real time data packets because once the processor enters the running state, it will not allow remove until it is completed, so there is starvation of real time data packets. In pre emptive scheduling, starvation of non-real time data packets, due to continuous arrival of real time data. Therefore the data packets are to be schedule in multilevel queue. But the multilevel queue scheduling scheme is not suitable for dynamic inputs, and hence the scheme is designed for dynamically change in the inputs. The Dynamic Multilevel Priority (DMP) packet scheduling is the scheme for dynamically changes in the inputs. In this scheme each node except the last level of the virtual hierarchy in the zone based topology of wireless sensor network has three levels of priority queues. Real time data packets are placed into highest priority queue and can preempt the data packets in the other queues. Non real time data packets are placed into other two queues based on threshold of their estimated processing time. The leaf node have two queues, one for real time data packet and another for non real time data packet since they do not receive data from other nodes and thus reduces end to end delay. This scheme reduces the average waiting time and end to end delay of data packets.

445-454

Authors: 1Mathankumar.S, 2Loganathan.P, 3Ramakrishna Prabu.G

In this paper the proposed solution is an interface of SCADA with GIS system. The SCADA system will continuously get the real time readings of all electrical parameters at monitored points on feeders and HT Networks. The system shall get the status of various switching devices like circuit breakers, switches and isolators. It will also get the transformer parameters like tap position, etc. Electronic meters will be installed at HT consumers. These meters will be equipped with the interface for communications with the SCADA and GIS system. This system will be communicating with the meters using an industry standard protocol. Meter readings shall be used to monitor the load and for detection of attempts to tamper with the meter. As soon as a tamper is detected the meter/consumer shall be tagged on the GIS system.

455-467

Authors: Abhinav Rajan1, Dr. K. R. Aharwal2, Rajkumar Bhadu3

The present work is to investigate the effect of the different stacking arrangements on the performance of the cold storage. To analyze performance of the cold storage, an experiment is carried out in which the temperature distribution within the cold storage and power consumption in the different stacking arrangement are kept under observation. The temperature inside the chamber is a crucial parameter on which whole performance of cold storage depends. Various arrangement of stacking is accomplished by the changing the gap between the columns of stack. The experiment is carried out for the three arrangements with gap between the columns of stack of 10cm, 20cm and 30cm. For better temperature distribution within the cold storage, good air circulation inside the cold storage is desirable. And it is also done by the changing arrangement of stacking. Therefore, the optimization of temperature within the cold storage is carried out in different stacking arrangement and resulting in improving the performance of cold storage.

462-467

Authors: 1* Hariyali M.Patil, 2 P.A.Chandak

The ratchet and pawl mechanism plays a crucial role in providing one way transmission and safety against heavy loading conditions. At the mechanical hoists ratchet when locked, allows only one way motion explicitly lifting of masses and restricts its falling probability even if the tensions on counter sides are removed. The paper considers ratchet of a 1.5 ton capacity of hoist. The mechanism constraints are outlined and the modeling is exercised. The finite element analysis is carried to study an assortment of stresses in ratchet wheel. The nalysis results are concluded in detail.

468-474

Authors: Anilkumar K K , Babu Thomas, Rajan P Thomas

Applying an Switched Impedance network into a half-bridge converter, a novel Switched Inductor Z-source half-bridge converter is presented. This Switched Inductor Z-source half-bridge converter can solve the problems of the shoot-through and limited voltage. Also the boost ability of the converter is also improved compared to conventional z source converter. Furthermore, it can generate a broader range of output voltage values and much more kinds of waveforms, such as the varied positive or negative output voltages and the varied time ratio between positive and negative voltages, which are particularly desirable for some special power supplies, like the electrochemical power supply. Finally, the proposed converter is simulated in MATLAB/SimulinkR2010a, and the simulation results can verify the effectiveness of the proposed converter

478-482

Authors: Vrushali Atulrao Mane1, Asst. Prof. A. R. Deshpande2

Data mining is a technique of automatically searching data for patterns, predictions, descriptions, rules, summary, and classification. It is hidden knowledge used for making decisions and comparison of many different attributes. While gathering helpful data some negative impacts on data use can be happen. Treating people unfairly in some situations is called discrimination. But this is not always against the law. As price discrimination is not a crime but selection of employees may be a crime. In this paper, Post-processing approach which is used to prevent discrimination and to avoid loss of data is applied to adult dataset and evaluated.

483-497

Authors: Mr. Harshal B Torvi Mr. Shambhuraj Deshmukh Mr. Vishwakarma Vijaykumar Panchal

Many cryptographic algorithms are vulnerable against various attacks including side channel attacks. A side channel attack causes a continues leakage of information through the physical structure of a cryptosystem. For example, a large delay in information retrieval, heavy power consumption, which can generate damage to the system. This paper introduces a compiler to protect cryptographic algorithms against various attacks by executing certain suits of tasks automatically. Firstly the compiler detects the most sensitive instructions which leak the most information during side channels attack. This process is accomplished either by static or dynamic analysis. In dynamic analysis, metric in terms of information theory is acquired over the power traces during the completion of the input program, while in static analysis, as information leakage starts implying in a loss of security, the compiler produces a batch of instructions with a software countermeasure such as random precharging or Boolean masking. This software protection will results in significant overhead in terms of time and space complexity of cryptographic algorithm. The proposed compiler is crosschecked against two block ciphers algorithms, AES and Clefia; and experimentally it is clear that the compiler offers best productivity for cryptosystem developers to protect their implementations from side channel attacks.

497-509

Authors: Sandhya Save, B.K.Mishra and Jalpaben Pandya

Phase locked loops (PLLs) are integral parts of communication devices used in various applications such as frequency synthesizer, clock recovery circuits, synchronization for digital communications, carrier phase, frequency tracking, etc. Charge Pump PLL (CP-PLL) is a type of PLL widely used for today’s SoC environment. The non-ideal effects such as jitter, phase noise, reference spur, phase error, etc. influence the CP-PLL performance which significantly affects the performance of the overall system. Charge Pump is a small but one of the important components of CP-PLL that significantly affects its performance. The Charge Pump circuit generates non-ideal effects such as leakage current, timing mismatch and current mismatch which causes phase error, reference spurs, jitter, etc. at the CP-PLL output. In this work, the Charge Pump circuit is designed in Matlab Simulink environment to reduce the current mismatch. Simulated results show that current mismatch for the Charge Pump circuit using Modified Wilson current mirror and transmission gate is 1.94% and phase error is also reduced. This set up can be easily utilized to design various Charge Pump to achieve minimum current mismatch for SoC applications.

503-512

Authors: Arzoo Khan, Medhavi Chouhan

Breast cancer affects several people at present time. Diagnosis which determines whether the cancer is benign or malignant requires a lot of effort from doctors and physician. Early diagnosis may save many lives. Accurate classification plays an important role in medical diagnosis. Genetic programming is a machine learning algorithm which now days excelling in classification field. But Genetic programming generally face the problem of code bloating in which an increase in average tree size is found without a corresponding increase in fitness. In this paper we are proposing a new technique for solving the problem of bloat and for increasing classification accuracy. The technique is known as intelligent crossover and mutation technique. This technique is a combination of hill climbing and conventional method which will be applied on both crossover and mutation operator. To demonstrate this, we had taken WBC dataset from UCI repository which has 2 classes and 9 features and we have compared classification accuracy of our method with standard crossover and FEDS crossover. Our classification accuracy was 96.5% for 50-50 training and testing methodology and 97.6% for 10 fold cross validation technique. This shows our method can be used for medical diagnosis as it provides good results.

513-518

Authors: Amruta Kachole,S.D.Jondhale

This paper is support for content based user preferences. It is possible to the use of a Machine Learning (ML) text categorization procedure able to automatically assign with each message a set of categories based on its content. The proposed approach is a key service for social networks where users have little control on the messages displayed on their walls. For Instance, Facebook allows users to state who is allowed to insert messages in their walls (i.e., friends, friends of friends, or defined groups of friends). However, no content-based preferences are supported. For instance, it is not possible to prevent political or vulgar messages. In contrast, by means of the proposed mechanism, a user can specify what contents should not be displayed on his/her wall, by specifying a set of filtering rules. Filtering rules are very flexible in terms of the filtering requirements they can support, in that they allow to specify filtering conditions based on user profiles, user relationships as well as the output of the ML categorization process. In addition, the system provides the support for user-defined blacklist management, that is, list of users that are temporarily prevented to post messages on a user wall.

519-526

Authors: Karthikeyan.v1

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have been popular in the industrial field and both have undergone dramatic development. RFID and WSNs are well-known for their abilities in identity identification and data transmission, respectively, and hence widely used in applications for health monitoring. Though the integration of a sensor and an RFID tag was proposed together both RFID tag and sensed information to enhance the performance of the applications. The concept has been implied Hybrid RFID and WSN system (HRW) that synergistically integrates the traditional RFID system and WSN system for efficient data collection. HRW has hybrid smart nodes that combine the function of RFID tags, the reduced function of RFID readers and wireless sensors. The proposed method improves data transmission efficiency and protects data privacy and avoids malicious data selective forwarding in data transmission. The effectiveness of the proposed method improves the performance of HRW in terms of the cost of deployment, transmission delay capability, and tag capacity requirement.

527-533

Authors: Prachi P.Patil

Mobile communication towers are used in many in personal and industrial purposes. It provides a continuous connectivity to a Mobile Nodes (MN) and permits them to change their connection point from current access point to new base station while needed. Handover has become an essential part of mobile communication system because of the limited coverage area of cells. In this paper, investigate the various handover management technologies for providing pure mobility between different access techniques such as GPRS, UMTS, and WI-FI, WiMaX. Vertical handoff refers to a network node changing the type of connectivity it uses to access a supporting infrastructure, usually to support node mobility. Vertical handover can be triggered by various parameters like RSS, bandwidth, packet receiving rate, etc. So in this paper Minimizing delay in vertical handoff to reduced call drop rate in 4G network.

534-538

Authors: Karishma Bhagwan Badgujar1, Prof. P. R. Patil2

A centralized hierarchical cloud-based multimedia system (CMS) consist of a resource manager, server clusters and according to the task characteristics cluster heads in which for multimedia service tasks the resource manager assigns clients’ requests to server clusters, and then to the servers within its server cluster and then each cluster head distributes the assigned task. For such a complicated CMS, however, to design an effective load balancing algorithm, it is a research challenge that spreads the multimedia service task load on servers with the minimal cost, for transmitting multimedia data between server clusters and clients, while the maximal load limit of each server cluster is not violated. So, in this paper, each server cluster only handles a specific type of multimedia task in a more practical dynamic multiservice scenario, and each client requests a different type of multimedia service at a different time. By such scenario an integer linear programming problem can be modelled, in general which is computationally intractable. Also an efficient genetic algorithm also solved by this system with an immigrant scheme, for dynamic problems which has been shown to be suitable. In CMS, with dynamic multiservice load balancing the proposed genetic algorithm can efficiently cope which is demonstrate by simulation results.

541-547

Authors: Priyanka verma and Shilpa Sharma

A In biomedical sensors having advancement in micro fabrication and in signal processing techniques, the use of transducer electronic data sheet (TEDs) is to suggest new features to improve performance of biomedical sensors and its applications. The development of smart transducers and sensors uses a family of standards.ISO/IEC/IEEE21451-X also known as IEEE1451.X is a family of standards that allows designer to project smart transducers and sensors having reference to protocols, TEDS, networks, web services, radio frequency identification and so on. TEDS are mainly used to store information related to patient clinical history and diagnostic criteria.

561-564

Authors: Santhi Mol P.

Short Message Service (SMS) is one of the most important mobile services. SMS enables the sending and receiving of messages between mobile phones, and is being used in many applications like healthcare monitoring, mobile banking, etc. Nowadays security is the most challenging aspects in the internet and network application. The main important drawback of the traditional SMS is lack of security. This is because sometimes SMS information may be credential like passwords, account numbers, etc. Traditional SMS service does not provide encryption of the information before its transmission. Cryptography is a main category of computer security that converts information from its normal form into an unreadable form. Various authors have proposed different techniques to provide security to transmit messages. This paper provides a comparative study of different protocols for end to end secure transmission of SMS.

572-581

Authors: S. Bharathi1, Y. Sudha2, M. Satyanarayana3

The paper presents common mode voltage analysis of single phase grid connected photovoltaic inverter. Many researchers proposed different grid tie inverters for applications like domestic powering, street lighting, water pumping, cooling and heating applications. Traditional grid tie PV inverter uses either a line frequency or a high frequency transformer between the inverter and grid. The transformer provides galvanic isolation between the grid and the PV system but it also offers large inductive reactance to the grid which intern results in increased impedance of line. In order to increase the efficiency, to reduce the size and cost of the system, the effective solution is to remove the isolation transformer but it leads to appearance of common mode (CM) ground leakage current due to parasitic capacitance between the PV panels and the ground. The common mode current reduces the efficiency of power conversion stage, affects the quality of grid current, deteriorate the electric magnetic compatibility and give rise to the safety threats. In order to eliminate the common mode leakage current in Transformerless PV system, the proposed converter utilizes two split ac-coupled inductors that operate separately for positive and negative half grid cycles. This eliminates the shoot-through issue that is encountered by traditional voltage source inverters, leading to enhanced system reliability. SPWM technique and Phase disposition (PD )PWMs are implemented for common mode voltage and THD comparisons, it is observed that PD is efficient in eliminating common mode voltage and reduced THD output. The proposed system is analyzed using MATLAB/SIMULINK software.

590-593

Authors: Jaspreet Kaur

The broad exploitation of smart phones has started to make them practical employment environments for actual-world at-scale MANETs (i.e., to give peer-to-peer based non-cellular services). Services like this, will surely subject to cyber-attacks, simplest of which one is radio frequency (RF) jamming. The accomplishment of these MANETs will require both: i) fast as well as exact ways of identifying the presence of jammers and ii ways of justifying jammer impacts. While observing through standard MANET operational measures such as: packet delivery ratio, delay, routing overhead, and hops travelled , this task finds out the effects of jamming strategies over the MANET. Hence, the delectability of active jammers heavily depends both on which compute is employed and the exact environment of the jamming approach employed. Besides, even if fundamental approaches such as constant jamming are detectable without any troubles, it is revealed that little work is requisite to construct for less detectable jamming strategies. In this paper we have proposed to design a new technique to detect and isolate the jamming attack in MANET(mobile adhoc network) using AODV protocol. Our aim is to understand the existing techniques of detection and isolation of jamming attack by the malicious node and develop a new algorithm to detect and isolate the same in more efficient way on the basis of the throughput of the network.

600-604

Authors: Manoj Kumar Lamba , Abhishek Sanghi

Today, the energy consumption is increased very sharply. This paper is just one step, towards our destination of achieving energy efficiency and we would like to emphasis that an energy audit is a continuous process .In this paper, we discuss about possible actions firstly i.e. How to conserve and efficiently utilize our scarce resources and identified their savings potential; second thing is important to implement on it. In this thesis, an energy audit is a study of a plant or facility to determine how and where energy is used and to identify methods for energy savings. The opportunities lie in the use of existing renewable energy technologies, greater efforts at energy efficiency and the dissemination of these technologies and options. Energy Saving can be done by improved techniques, better instrumentation and more efficient machinery.

611-616

Authors: Priyam Kaur Sandhu

Thinking about the statement ‘Everything Is Just A Touch Away’, becomes real when we talk about the shimmering OLED Technology. OLED is one of the most recent, upcoming and promising next-generation lighting technologies. It has taken over the world of LCDs and LEDs. OLED is an Organic Light Emitting Diode. OLED lighting panels are a thin device that emits uniformly distributed light over their surface. They can be made flexible and transparent. This paper focuses on a general discussion about the history of OLED and its evolution. The working is explained in a simplified manner without going into the deep details. This paper also focuses on the present as well as future aspects of OLEDs. Some advantages and disadvantages of OLEDs are also mentioned. In the end, the advancement ideas and development aspects are discussed in brief.

624-628

Authors: M.A. Jafarov, E.F. Nasirov, S.A.Jahangirova, R.Jafarli

– In this work, we report some preliminary results concerning the fabrication of quaternary semiconductor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films on a flexible substrate through the simultaneous electrodeposition of elements having different standard electrochemical potentials. CZTS thin films were obtained by deposition from aqueous baths at room temperature and varying bath composition. Chemical composition and structure of the electrodeposited films were evaluated by SEM and XRD. Preliminary results on the photoelectrochemical behaviour of the films will be also presented. We obtain ZnS thin films with good physical properties, these samples can be used as window material in ZnS/CZTS solar cells to improve the photovoltaic efficiency

629-638

Authors: Santhoshkumar A V1, Dr G B Krishnappa2

Fracture analysis is widely used to predict component failure caused by preexisting small cracks, allowing one to take precautions to prevent further crack growth or to determine the remaining life of the structure or component. To obtain the fracture damage, stress intensity factors (SIFs) must be evaluated accurately by Displacement Extrapolation Method. In this work Computation Fracture Mechanics (CFM) approach is used to analyze failure of fifth-stage aero engine compressor disc. Later, calculation of the stress concentration factor is done. Then analysis of the compressor disc with a crack has been performed. It is observed that for the crack length of 15-19 mm in the compressor disc, the crack becomes unstable and propagates rapidly and hence leads to the catastrophic failure of the 5th stage compressor disc of an aircraft engine.

655-660

Authors: Parag S. Dawane 1, Sagar M. Gawande 2, Sunil S. Pattanshetti 3

Waste management is been a crucial environmental issue since the starting of 20th century. It has been seen that the generation increases with increasing population, industrialization& urbanization etc. The cities like Mumbai, Delhi, Bangalore, & Kolkata are facing problems in managing their waste, these examples tell us the need of solid waste in growing cities, therefore by keeping approach of prevention from future threats this work is executed. The growth ratio of city is very high; the present work evaluates all aspects of waste management & elaborates the situation & also highlights the deficiencies in the system. This paper contains some useful suggestions & recommendations for Gadhinglaj city which improves the waste management system in the city. The current waste management system is studied & some difficulties & problems are observed, such problems can be overcome if the suggestions are implemented well. As scope of work is very wide & available resources are less, there may be some limitations of work the depth of investigation can be increased in upcoming studies; there is good scope for betterment in the waste management system of the city.

673-677

Authors: Apeksha Deshmukh, Prof. Dr. M. D. Kokate

In this paper the space-time block codes orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system is presented. The performances of the proposed design have been demonstrated through the simulation of an STBC-OFDM system with two transmits antennas and one receive antenna. It provides an accurate but hardware affordable channel estimator to overcome the challenge of multipath fading channels. The system uses Alamouti code with transmit and receive diversity. The implementation of system is done by using MATLAB simulation. The performance of BER for 64 QAM modulation scheme is simulated.

684-693

Authors: [1] Shubhashish S. Wayzade, [2] Jyoti M. Varavadekar

The core of all the digital signal processors (DSPs) are multipliers. Basically, the operational speed of any digital signal processor is strictly dependent upon the speed of the multipliers used [7]. Complex numbers have various applications in the area of digital signal processors [2]. Here, in this paper, various methodologies that are used for the complex number multiplications are discussed and their results on the basis of their performance are compared. Here, we have used Urdhva Tiryakbhyam method of ancient Vedic mathematics which is derived from the ancient Vedic sutras and booth algorithm method, which is another method for complex number multiplication are used. The meaning of “Urdhva Tiryakbhyam” is vertically and crosswise. Vertically means straight above multiplication and crosswise means diagonal multiplication and taking their sum [1]. The exceptional feature of this Urdhva Tiryakbhyam method is that it reduces any multi bit multiplication into single bit multiplication and addition. Therefore, all the partial product terms gets generate in one step which further reduces carry propagation that occurs from least significant bit to the most significant bit during the process of addition. The comparison between the two methods is done on the basis of performance parameters such as time delay and hardware complexity in terms of gate count. The results show that complex number multiplication using Urdhva Tiryakbhyam method of Vedic mathematics gives better results as compared to booth algorithm method. Hence, Urdhva Tiryakbhyam method of ancient Vedic mathematics with less number of bits can be used to implement multiplier efficiently in signal processing algorithms.

706-709

Authors: Sunilkumar N Chaudhari1, Amarishkumar J Patel2,

In the present global and competitive Environment manufacturing industry face many problems. Just-In-Time manufacturing philosophy helps to reduce the problem. Just In Time is a Japanese management philosophy applied in manufacturing which involves having the right items of the right quality and quantity in the right place and the right time. JIT has been widely reported that the proper use of JIT manufacturing has resulted in increases in quality, productivity and efficiency, improved communication and decreases in costs and wastes. Just in time is very useful for increasing the productivity of companies, reduce delivery time, improve the quality of product and improve customer satisfaction and raising firm’s efficiency. This study is aimed to review the research work made by several researchers on just in time philosophy.Past research have shown that Just in Time manufacturing system is considered as the best manufacturing system for attaining manufacturing excellence in the present scenario of globalization.

724-731

Authors: Anita Pritam, , Dr. R.R. Dash, Dr. R.K. Mallik

A major challenge in laser percussion drilling of steel is to enhance the material removal rate by optimizing the process parameter. In this paper, an experimental and numerical study on laser percussion drilling was carried out. A two-dimension (2D) axisymmetric finite element (FE) model for simulation of temperature field and proceeding of hole formation during percussion drilling was developed. The FE model was validated by the corresponding experiment. Furthermore, a theoretical model for evaluation of temperature fields at melt front was presented. The effects of laser peak power, pulse frequency, pulse width on MRR were investigated by the developed models and experiments, in which the simulated results were in good agreement with the experiments. Based on the experimental and numerical study, the process parameters were optimized and a drilled-hole with low taper and low spatter deposition was obtained using a 2.5kW CO2 laser.

741-748

Authors: Pa.Suriya, R.Jayalakshmi, EswarSudharsan.C

Soils are used as a construction material for different type of geotechnical engineering structures. The techniques of prediction of the behaviour of unsaturated soils are constantly under review. Fredlund (1979): Fredlund and Rahardjo (1993) and others have helped to establish a theoretical frame work for unsaturated soil. The soil water characteristic curve is constitutive relationship for interpreting the response of unsaturated soils. Pressure plate extractor is one of the devices used to determine the relationship between suction and water content. To understand the influence of type of soil, grain size distribution, consistency limits, initial water content and initial degree of saturation, the soil water characteristic curves of different soils are obtained using 15 bar soil pressure plate extractor by following standard test procedure. The soil water characteristic curve parameters such as air entry value, residual suction, residual water content and residual degree of saturation of the different soils were determined for the different type of soil and are compared. The compressions indices/volume change indices are also determined and compared.

756-765

Authors: Sumit S. Aole 1, Mrs. Nilima Warke 2, Dr. (Mr.) P.P. Vaidya 3,

This paper gives us a brief idea about the removal of the DC imperfections in operational amplifiers which occurs due to the mismatches of current or voltage at inverting and non-inverting terminal of Op-Amp. These DC imperfections are considered to be errors in Op-Amps as DC errors. We need to take care of these errors so that, using Op-Amp in signal conditioning system should work properly in order to obtain the desired output.

773-776

Authors: 1M.J.PAWARI. 2PROF. SAGAR GAWANDE

Groundwater is the foremost source of water for domestic, agricultural and industrial purposes in several countries. Due to industrial, municipal and agricultural waste containing pesticides, insecticides, fertilizer residues and heavy metals with water groundwater has been polluted by leaching process. The effects of groundwater pollution are wide. Human infectious disease is one of the more serious effects of water pollution, in this paper the overview of ground water pollution & its consequences over health & environment is taken. Also the possible remedies are discussed in the paper.

793-799

Authors: Mrs. Komal Kate¹, Prof. Asha Pawar²

Feature selection algorithm can be used for removing irrelevant, redundant information from the data. Feature selection is divided into different categories, amongst them filter method is used because of its generality and is typically good choice when numbers of features are large. In cluster analysis, features are divided by using graph-theoretic clustering method. A Fast clustering bAsed feature Selection algoriThm (FAST) is based on minimum spanning tree which is constructed from weight complete graph. Then features are divided into forest where each tree represents a cluster and most representative feature is selected from each cluster. The clustering-based FAST algorithm produces a subset which contains independent features. Linear correlation based measure is used to identify highly correlated features amongst the final got subset of features from FAST algorithm.

807-827

Authors: S Mithu Sujay[1], Ullas R[2], Rajesh Babu B R[3], Vijay kumar [4]

- Ever since man is walking on this earth and before he actually learned to communicate with each other an art of agricultural is being practiced by him. Agriculture is always been backbone to human economical development, impacted throughout its revolutionized India’s stand on agriculture. Technology always has its role on these kinds of development. But as budding engineers our question always lied whether this technology has reached to all sectors of people. So in this paper we showcase our indigenous idea a concept of an agricultural machine, it’s a multi-tasking machine mainly performs seven operation in farming, at a very economical cost. This proposed concept is designed and fabricated to a working scale, further to which this model analyzed. Analysis has been done to calculate the stress, strain & deformation and also theoretical calculations has been done. Comparison is done between the Ansys results & theoretical results. The design is performed by using CATIA V5 R20 Modeling software and the components are analyzed by finite element method (FEM) using Ansys software.

836-841

Authors: Nitali S. Dongare , Prof. Rekha Kulkarni

Hadoop is an open source Map-Reduce platform, which has been widely used for big data processing in large scale distributed system. The original task scheduling algorithm of Hadoop cannot cater to the performance requirements of heterogeneous clusters. According to the dynamic change of load of each slave node and the difference of node performance of different tasks in the heterogeneous Hadoop cluster, a dynamic workload adjustment algorithm (DWAA) is presented. With DWAA, tasktracker can adapt to the change of load at runtime and obtain task in accordance with its computing ability. The DWAA is a highly efficient and reliable algorithm, which can make heterogeneous Hadoop cluster stable and load balancing.

848-853

Authors: Mr. M. S. Girawale

Geopolymer concrete technology has the potential to reduce globally the carbon emission and lead to sustainable development and growth of the concrete industry.This paper represents “Effects’s off alkaline solution on geopolymer concrete”. The main objective of this project is to study the various properties of the Geopolymer Concrete and compare it with the OPC concrete. The geopolymer concrete is the mixture of course aggregate, sand, fly ash and alkaline solution of Sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) without water. The compressive, flexural, split tensile strength of Geopolymer concrete were carried out during the project work and it was found that, the above mentioned strength basically depend on the variation of different parameters such as the ratio of (Na2SiO3/ NaOH), molarity of the alkaline solution by keeping curing temperature constant of 800C. The variation of the ratio of (Na2SiO3/ NaOH) are 2.5, 3.0 and . Along with this by varying the molarity ofNaOHfor each ratio of (Na2SiO3/ NaOH) such as 12, and 14 Molar. Results obtained from the above variation, compressive strength of G.C. increases with increase in molarity of alkaline solution and the ratio of (Na2SiO3/ NaOH). For determination of details of the material to be bonded in complex form after 14 days.

862-867

Authors: MISS ANAMIKA

Now a days Create, edit, and generate images in a very regular system for transmission is main priority. Original image data generated by the camera sensor is a very large store, and therefore is not efficient. It has become particularly troublesome to move or bandwidth-limited systems wherein the object is to be conservative bandwidth cost, such as the World Wide Web. This scenario requires the use of efficient image compression techniques, such as the JPEG algorithm technology, the quality of the compressed image height to which the perceived image with almost no loss. Today JPEG algorithms have become the de facto standard for image compression. The amount of hardware MATLAB code can be output to a quantized DCT version of the input image and techniques used to achieve expeditious manner JPEG algorithm were investigated procedures

873-879

Authors: Arya Raveendran, Ninu Joy, Daisykutty Abraham

The voltage gain of traditional boost converter is limited due to the high current ripple, high voltage stress across active switch and diode, and low efficiency associated with large duty ratio operation. High voltage gain is required in applications, such as the renewable energy power systems with low input voltage. A high step up voltage gain DC-DC converter consists of three active Z-networks with switched capacitor technique is proposed in this paper. A distinct advantage of this proposal is that it can reach a high voltage gain without extremely high duty ratio. In addition, the voltage stress of the active switches and output diodes is low. Therefore, low voltage components can be adopted to reduce the conduction loss and cost. The new converter well fulfill the stringent requirements from industry, particularly renewable power systems, to boost low voltage from clean sources such as photovoltaic arrays and fuel cells to high voltages for grid-connected converters. The operating principle and steady-state analysis are discussed in detail. The simulations are conducted to verify the effectiveness of proposed converter in MATLAB/Simulink environment.

888-894

Authors: Sumod Abraham1, Sukhmeet Kaur2, Sanjana Malhotra3

Every processor processes on the basis of arithmetic operations. Out of the basic arithmetic operations, it is multiplication which is complex. In other words, time consuming. So to speed up the processor we need a fast multiplier. The speed of the multiplier depends upon the generated partial products. The number of adders that are used in the process of multiplication makes it complex as well. The main focus of this work is partial product reduction using radix 4 Booth algorithm and also reduce the number of adders by using Dadda multiplier. Since two methods are clubbed together for different operations, this multiplier is called Advanced Booth Dadda multiplier.

900-921

Authors: Pradyumna S V [1], Prateek R [2] , Raju B S [3]

The ever fast growing information technology is enabling a re-definition of the early stages of aircraft design which has been restricted to mostly statistical and empirical approaches because of lengthy and costly simulation times .The paper basically deals with designing a radio controlled aircraft by considering various parameters such as aspect ratio, taper ratio, power loading etc according to the requirements. It also deals with the type of wing and airfoil to choose from a vast variety of airfoils. During design, electronic components are to be considered and number of channels to be used is taken into account. Based on the above parameters a 3-D cad model of our aircraft is designed, using Solid Edge V19 Software. After designing the aircraft fabrication is one of the important factors to be considered. Fabrication mainly depends on the type of material employed in manufacturing the aircraft by considering the availability, cost, durability, strength and how easily it can be mould into required shape. Fabrication process also involves the various techniques that were adopted in order to manufacture the aircraft. In basic analysis, the main focus is on how various parameters such as lift, drag, co-efficient of lift v/s angle of attack etc behave on the wing. Using 3-D cad model of the aircraft simulation is done and corrected for errors if any. Finally our own prototype manufactured is displayed & tested practically.

935-942

Authors: 1Prachi Gupta, 2Aiman Rais, 3Prof. (Dr.) K. M. Singh

In this paper, we present the software implementation of a modified version of canny edge detection algorithm, which result in significantly increased edge detection performance. The results of various gradient based filters: Roberts, Sobel and Prewitt are also observed. The edge tracking step in the canny edge detection algorithm is replaced by considering the horizontal and vertical components of the image, resulting in improved performance of the detection algorithm. The implementation of the detection algorithm is done by using MATLAB tool. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

954-957

Authors: Sahita I Waikhom1, Dr.S.M.Yadav2, Hilay Prajapati3

Immense quantity of sediment of various sizes shapes and density get carried away by different modes of movement like bed load, suspended load and wash load depending upon the flow and channel characteristics. Yang (1972) defines unit stream power as the velocity-slope product. Sediment transport analysis through the stream power concept was introduced by Bagnold in 1966, Yang C. T has worked on this concept elaborately. The rate of work being done by a unit weight of water in transporting sediment must be directly related to the rate of work available to a unit weight of water. Thus, total sediment concentration or total bed material load must be directly related to unit stream power. Yang (1973) developed dimensionless unit stream power equation for sand transport which was found to be good predictor by many researchers. Yang (1979) gave another dimensionless equation without considering incipient motion which he considered in 1973 for sediment concentration higher than 100 ppm. Yang (1984) extended his earlier stream power equations for gravel transport as well as sand transport. Due to the uncertainties involved in determining the flow conditions precisely at incipient motion, the present paper will examine the applicability of Yang’s (1984) unit stream power equation for total load in the sand size and gravel size range using incipient motion criteria.

970-981

Authors: Manoj kumar

The main contribution of this work is to apply Tabu search based algorithms for solution of scheduling of jobs in CMS environment. An attempt has been made in this work to vary the job sequencing so that optimal sequencing of jobs can be achieved. The idea behind this work is to perturb sequences in the search of better results. More the number of sequences higher will be the degree of the optimization of objective (COF). This algorithm is suitable to explore number of job sequences from a fixed job sequence and its ability to come out from local optima. The main objective, which is the combination of maximizing the machine utilization by keeping penalty cost nil is achieved by this method. A scheduling procedure is developed for a specific FMS to maintain its flexibility and thereby the intended performance measures. The mechanism operates based on Tabu search and optimizes two contradicting objectives simultaneously. The problem in this research is considered as each processing step of job has a processing time with specific operation. Set up times of machines and intercellular movement times can be considered while solving the scheduling problem in future.

988-1000

Authors: Pankaj Patyal

A study was made of the effect of heat treatment of high carbon steel so as to determine the mechanical and metallurgical properties before annealing as well as after annealing. Total four samples of the high carbon steel were subjected to heat treatments i.e. annealing in a bell furnace heated to a temperature of 700˚C. One from each heat treated types was prepared for micro structural and hardness studies. The hardness of the four different heat treated samples was measured by Rockwell hardness testing machine. Optical microscopy to study the microstructure and Ultimate tensile stress using respective machine. This experiment was taken to help the company that was facing a problem of decarburization of HC 71/75. In this experiment we have seen that wire rod that was used for annealing got decarbonizes to a some extend and that was not acceptable for further wire drawing also for the manufacturing of spring washers. This high carbon steel wire rod after decarburization hook crack in wire drawing process as well as further manufacturing for spring washers. So in this experiment we have changed the cycle of operation in annealing for bell furnace along with check the results regarding mechanical and metallurgical parameters of HC 71/75.In this experiment we have found that during pickling of wire rod some water content remains in the coils and that results in decarburization of wire rod. Therefore, we changed the cycle of operation that helps to prevent decarburization. During annealing the wire rod release stress that was induced during casting as well as re-crystallization takes place. In this process Hardness also decreases as compared to Raw-material also decreases Ultimate tensile strength of the wire rod that helps in drafting during wire drawing. This is done so that during further manufacturing like for spring washer at some point in heat treatment washers should not shrink as well as remain in required dimension.

1008-1013

Authors: Ravinder Pal Singh1, DaljitKaur2

Face detection is the first basic component of any face processing system. In the last few years, Researchers have shown keen interest in this active research area such as Face Detection and recognition system. Face recognition system is used to recognize person by employing only the image. Face detection technique is used to detect human face and extract the region of interest. The next step is to process the region of interest by using face recognition techniques. This paper presents a brief review of the techniques used for face detection and recognitions.

1019-1026

Authors: Edwin Basil Lal1, Bos Mathew Jos2,Leena Thomas3

In AC to DC conversion boost converter is a key element. Conventional power factor corrected boost converter used for the purpose of AC to DC conversion have disadvantages like low power factor and high value of total harmonic distortion. These disadvantages can be eliminated in Bridgeless Interleaved power factor corrected boost converter. Self-commutating devices are used in these converters for the purpose of switching according to load rating. A protection circuit is provided which will isolate the converter from supply when current in load goes above the rated value of load current. When the load varies, the output voltage is maintained constant by providing the closed loop control. The Comparison Study between different topology can be find out to ensure BLIL topology’s merits. The simulation of BLIL converter is done using MATLAB. The protection circuit of BLIL converter is simulated using MATLAB and The closed loop implementation of BLIL inoder to stabilize the output voltage with low ripples in the output.

1035-1039

Authors: Ms Neha S.Syed1

In this paper we are going to address the problem of matching a forensic sketch to a gallery of mug shot images .In the Previous research in sketch matching they only offered solutions of matching highly accurate sketches but in reality Forensic sketches differ from viewed sketches that have been drawn by artist describe by the police witness. To identify forensic sketches, we present a framework called local feature-based discriminant analysis (LFDA). In today’s world automatic face sketch recognition plays a very important role in law enforcement. Recently, various methods have been proposed to address the problem of face sketch recognition by matching face photos and sketches, which are of different modalities .The SIFT feature description and multiscale local binary patterns is applied on sketched images and photos.

1057-1063

Authors: Shital Bhabad1

Mobile data usage, reusability, accessibility, storage leads to challenges in innovative mobile computing. Mobile data interoperability is one of the challenges. Achieving secure data interoperability is a challenging problem. Having, two mobiles at distributed location where no one to operate mobile at the other end, the problem becomes further challenging. Mobile data interoperability will help in achieving secure data availability in a distributed environment. With recent advances in technology, mobile computing is a challenging task in achieving data interoperability without the use of a third person. This research proposes an algorithmic solution for data interoperability in android smartphones; also the proposed algorithm will be verified with multiplayer chess game. This research makes use of gamification to open door for mobile data interoperability. This research has numerous industrial and social applications. Accessing own private data from one mobile to another has secretly been one of the challenging areas of data interoperability.