International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science

12-22

Authors: 1Backialakshmi.M,#2Sathya sofia .A,

Cloud computing is a general term used to describe a new class of network based computing that takes place over the internet. The primary benefit of moving to Clouds is application scalability. Cloud computing is very beneficial for the application which are sharing their resources on different nodes. Scheduling the task is quite a challenging in cloud environment. Usually tasks are scheduled by user requirements. New scheduling strategies need to be proposed to overcome the problems proposed by network properties between user and resources. New scheduling strategies may use some of the conventional scheduling concepts to merge them together with some network aware strategies to provide solutions for better and more efficient job scheduling. Scheduling strategy is the key technology in cloud computing. This paper provides the survey on scheduling algorithms. There working with respect to the resource sharing. We systemize the scheduling problem in cloud computing, and present a cloud scheduling hierarchy.

35-39

Authors: Devendra Dohare1, Dr.Savita Maru2

:- Soft first storey is a typical feature in the modern multi-storey constructions in urban India. Though multi-storeyed buildings with soft storey floor are inherently vulnerable to collapse due to earthquake, their construction is still widespread in the developing like India. Functional and Social need to provide car parking space at ground level and for offices open stories at different level of structure far out-weighs the warning against such buildings from engineering community. With the availability of fast computers, so that software usage in civil engineering has greatly reduced the complexities of different aspects in the analysis and design of projects. In this paper an investigation has been made to study the seismic behaviour of soft storey building with different arrangement in soft storey building when subjected to static and dynamic earthquake loading. It is observed that , providing infill improves resistant behaviour of the structure when compared to soft storey provided.

44-49

Authors: . Vaishali B.Gadekar1, Mrs. Savita R, Pawar2

Automobile crash safety is becoming one of the important criteria for customer vehicle selection. Today, passive safety systems like seat belts, airbags restraints systems have become very popular for occupant protection during collisions. Even the active safety systems like ABS, ESP, parking assist camera etc are becoming regular fitments on many vehicle models. Also many technologies are evolving for collision detection, warning & avoidance as well. Different sensors, which comprise of RADAR, LIDAR / LASER or Camera, are used in forward collision warning (FCW) to avoid the accidents. In this project scope, study is carried out on sensing parameters for different types of sensors on Indian road environment in context of collision avoidance systems to benefit the overall road safety in India. The analyses of the parameters will support towards selection of best sensing configuration, to achieve optimal system performance. Such a study would also provide insights into the functionality limitations of different types of sensing systems.

55-60

Authors: Mahesh N1, S A Mohan Krishna2

The review paper describes liquefaction of helium using a commercial cryocooler with 1.5 W cooling power at 4.2 K, equipped with heat exchangers for precooling the incoming gas. Measurements of the pressure dependence of the liquefaction rate are considered. Also liquefaction rate and temperature can be observed by placing resistors in series inside the liquefaction container. There by taking voltage reading we will get liquefaction rate. The assembly of Gifford -McMahon cryocooler with heat exchangers and helium liquefaction container is usually accomplished. The pressure gauge has to be connected to the container in order to examine the oscillation which gives the liquefaction rate. Also resistors are placed inside the container to measure the temperature and pressure of helium at different stages in container. This paper furnishes detailed information about the methodology and experimental technique about the utility of Gifford-McMahon cryocooler for Helium liquefaction

72-84

Authors: Amandeep Kaur1, Ameeta2, Babita3

A fingerprint is the feature pattern of one finger. It is believed with strong evidences that each fingerprint is unique. Each person has his own fingerprints with the permanent uniqueness. So fingerprints have being used for identification and forensic investigation for a long time. The fingerprint recognition problem can be grouped into two sub-domains: one is fingerprint verification and the other is fingerprint identification In addition, different from the manual approach for fingerprint recognition by experts, the fingerprint recognition here is referred as AFRS (Automatic Fingerprint Recognition System), which is program-based. This paper presents the variation of Fast Fourier Transform on finger print recognition by fast fingerprint minutiae extraction and recognition algorithm which improves the clarity of the ridge and valley structures of the input finger print images based on the frequency and orientation of the local ridges and thereby extracting correct minutiae .This research work has combined many methods to build a minutia extractor and a minutia matcher. Simulation results are obtained with MATLAB going through all the stages of the fingerprint recognition is built. It is helpful to understand the procedures of fingerprint recognition. And demonstrate the key issues of fingerprint recognition

93-104

Authors: Ashwini Kadam1,A.N.Shaikh2

The main objective of this paper is to control the speed of an induction motor by changing the frequency using three level diode clamped multilevel inverter. To obtain high quality sinusoidal output voltage with reduced harmonics distortion, multicarrier PWM control scheme is proposed for diode clamped multilevel inverter. This method is implemented by changing the supply voltage and frequency applied to the three phase induction motor at constant ratio. The proposed system is an effective replacement for the conventional method which produces high switching losses, results in poor drive performance. The simulation & implementation results reveal that the proposed circuit effectively controls the motor speed and enhances the drive performance through reduction in total harmonic distortion (THD). The effectiveness of the system is checked by simulation using MATLAB 7.8 simulink package.

114-123

Authors: Sudhir Kumar Singh

This Paper also give the Various range parameter of temperature of using fuel cell and including current voltage power characteristic , uniformity of cell unit voltage, Gas, pressure impact and air flux impact operating temperature of fuel cell has been change in anode and cathode side. This paper also give the experimental approach of the fuel cell. The effects of different operating parameters on the performance of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell have been studied experimentally using pure hydrogen on the anode side and air on the cathode side.

138-142

Authors: A.Ankit Kumar Jain, T. Rama Krishna

In view of the problems existed in library management; we designed a RFID Intelligent Book Conveyor using Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology. This book conveyor is portable equipment with complete functions, friendly interface and convenient operation. It can greatly improve the work efficiency of librarians and the service quality of the library. This project contains one server and multi slave microcontrollers here we are using system (PC) as a server and slave is an LPc2148 microcontroller, each slave microcontroller contains one RFID and each one communicates with master microcontroller.

150-159

Authors: Ms. Jadhav Gauri J.

This paper evaluates development of a low cost surveillance system using different sensors built around the microcontroller with fingerprint sensor module. The low power PIR detectors take advantage of pyroelectrcity to detect the change in environment temperature through human temperature in our experiment. Also we are using Ultrasonic sensors and vibration sensors. Ultrasonic sensor (Obstacles detection) detects the intruder on their physical presence .Vibration sensors detect sound of breaking or senses vibration signal. Fingerprint sensor module is based on taking fingerprint of the user with the help of fingerprint sensor module and matching it with the database details corresponding to the user fingerprint and displays it on the computer screen. Detecting the presence of any unauthorized person it triggers an alarm and send sms to a predefine number through a GSM modem. This surveillance system has a better percentage of security with respect to other security system available. Apart from this it is fast processing less expensive and better probability, alter and copy of information between source and database.

166-173

Authors: Shalini Jaiswal*, Shailja Sigh

There is a growing need for more environmentally acceptable processes in the chemical industry. The fields of combinatorial and automated medicinal chemistry have emerged to meet the increasing requirement of new compounds for drug discovery. Microwave-assisted organic synthesis is an enabling technology for accelerating drug discovery and development processes. In the family of heterocyclic compounds nitrogen containing heterocycles are an important class of compounds in the medicinal chemistry and also contributed to the society from biological and industrial point which helps to understand life processes. Thiosemicarbazide belongs to thiourea group, whose biological activity is due to the presence of aldehyde or ketone moiety. Thiosemicarbazide derivatives exhibit a great variety of biological activities, such as antitumor, antifungal , antibacterial , and antiviral. Here we developed a, novel, solvent free, microwave assisted synthesis of hitherto unknown 5-subtituted-2aryl benzalamino-1, 3, 4-thiadiazole 4a-h with excellent yield.

180-187

Authors: M.Mohamed Faisal

A latest communication technology is Cognitive Radio Network that network in which an un-licensed user can use a unbound channel in a spectrum band of approved user. Primary User Emulation Attack (PUEA) is one of the major threats to the spectrum sensing, which reductions the spectrum access probability. The primary user emulation attacks in cognitive radio networks in an un-licensed digital TV band. A reliable AES-assisted DTV scheme, in which an AES-encrypted reference signal is generated at the TV transmitter and used as the sync bits of the DTV data frames. By allowing a shared secret between the transmitter and the receiver, the reference signal can be regenerated at the receiver and used to achieve accurate identification of the authorized primary users. When combined with the analysis on the autocorrelation of the received signal, the presence of the malicious user can be detected accurately whether or not the primary user is present. The AES-assisted DTV scheme, the primary user, as well as malicious user, can be detected with high accuracy and low false alarm rate under PUEA.

188-194

Authors: 1R.Ragunathan,1PG scholar, 2A.Rajeswari

— Multilevel inverters are extensively used in various voltage applications. Harmonic elimination in multilevel inverter is a complex optimization problem. A fresh nine level hybrid multilevel inverter using harmonics elimination is presented in this paper. This method involves less number of switches associated with more number of voltage levels. The stages with higher DC link have more advantages like low commutation, reduced switching losses, increased efficiency and low input stages with more number of output levels. In this method the bacterial foraging optimization technique (BFO) algorithm is used to determine the switching angles of the inverter. The proposed method employs multicarrier pulse width modulation technique, this eliminated harmonics component from inverter output. It can be easily implemented using a PIC micro controller. Simulation result reveals the quality of feasible result.

209-214

Authors: Santhosh Kumar

The major Objective of simulating the radio propagation channels is to substantiate the design and performance of wireless communication systems. In the early stage of analysis and performance of wireless transceiver design fading channel simulators plays a vital role. The software simulators are painless to design, where as various hardware simulators have been proved that they offer distinct speed over software based simulators. Rayleigh and Rician fading channels have been achieved by now using field programmable gate arrays, hardware-based simulators of Nakagami fading channels have perceived distant less attention. Hence this paper considers the implementation of Nakagami fading simulator on single field programmable gate array.

222-251

Authors: C. C. Sangeetha 1, R. Madivanane 2, V. Pouchaname

In this work the FT-IR FT-Raman, UV-Visible absorption and 1H NMR spectra of Phthalazine were registered, assigned and analyzed. The spectra were interpreted with aid of normal coordinate analysis based on DFT/B3LYP and HF methods using standard 6-311++G(d,p) basis set. After scaling there is good agreement between the observed and the calculated frequencies. Bond lengths, angles and dipole moments for the optimized structures of Phthalazine were also calculated. The calculated first order hyperpolarizability shows that the molecule is an attractive molecule for future applications in non linear optics. The calculated Homo-Lumo energies show that charge transfer occurs within the molecule. Mullikan population analysis on atomic charges is also calculated. The study is extended to study the thermodynamic properties of Phthalazine. The 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shifts of the molecule were calculated by the gauge independent atomic orbital (GIAO) method and compared with experimental results. UV–Vis spectrum of the compound was recorded and electronic properties were performed. Finally, the calculated results were applied to simulated infrared and Raman spectra of the title compound which show good agreement with observed spectra.

259-265

Authors: Jesline Naveena .A 1(PG Scholar), Mr.B.Ramraj

In this paper, an advanced topology for cascaded multilevel inverter using developed H-bridges is proposed. The proposed topology requires a lesser number of dc voltage sources and power switches ,which results in decreased complexity and total cost of the inverter. Moreover, a Bee algorithm(BA) to determine the magnitude of dc voltage sources is proposed. It is used to solve the transcendental equations for finding the switching angles. This algorithm can be used for any number of voltage levels without complex analytical calculations. Simulation results for 15-level inverter verify the validity and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

272-278

Authors: Sathish kumar. T1 PG Scholar, Dr. Balachandran. M2

This paper proposed to utilize the DC source from the solar PV. The DC/DC converter is the unidirectional power flow between the solar PV and load, while in existing its bidirectional. The proposed converter becomes compact using wide band gap devices which provide high efficiency and reduces heat generation of the circuit. PSO is used for the switching control for the converter. The converter can step up, step down and current doublers, synchronous rectifier is also present. The load can be a DC motor.

283-288

Authors: Gaurav T. Dhanre, Urvashi T. Dhanre, Krunal Mudafale

The world over energy resources are getting scarcer and increasingly exorbitant with time. In India bridging the ever-widening gap between energy demand and supply by increasing supply is an expensive option. The share of energy costs in total production costs can, therefore improve profit levels in all the industries. This reduction can be achieved by improving the efficiency of industrial operations and equipments. Energy audit plays an important role in identifying energy conservation opportunities in the industrial sector, while they do not provide the final answer to the problem; they do help to identify potential for energy conservation and induces the companies to concentrate their efforts in this area in a focused manner.

299-305

Authors: Prof. Mazher Khan 1 Dr.Sayyad Ajij 2 Mr.Majed Ahmed Khan

— In this article about biometric systems the general idea is to use of facial recognition to reinforce security on one of the oldest and most secure piece of technology that is still in use to date thus an Automatic Teller Machine. The main use for any biometric system is to authenticate an input by Identifying and verifying it in an existing database. Security in ATM’s has changed little since their introduction in the late 70’s. This puts them in a very vulnerable state as technology has brought in a new breed of thieves who use the advancement of technology to their advantage. With this in mind it is high time something should be done about the security of this technology beside there cannot be too much security when it comes to people’s money.

315-323

Authors: Miss Jahanvi Joshi Mr. RinalDoshiDr. Jigar Patel

— Breast Cancer is highly heterogeneous disease. Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis are two medical challenges to the researchers in the field of clinical research. Breast self-exam and mammography can help find early diagnosis of breast cancer. This is possible when in some situation or stage the treatment is possible. Treatment may consist of radiation, lumpectomy, and mastectomy and hormone therapy. The origin of this research for diagnosis a breast cancer depends upon a lump in the breast, a change in size or shape of the breast or a nipple. Men can have breast cancer, too, but the number of cases is small. The purpose of this research is to develop a novel prototype of clinical problem regarding to diagnose and manage patients with breast cancer. The primary dataset of breast cancer is carried out from UCI dataset repository for the purpose of experimental work. These experimental works justify the problem formulation of the clinical research using different classification technique.\

341-344

Authors: Dipanwita Debnath1, Suman Deb1, Kaushik Debnath2, Subir Saha3

The objective of Government of India is to provide comprehensive integrated health care to the rural people underthe umbrella of National Rural Health Mission (NRHM). Avillage level Female community health worker “Accredited Social HealthActivist” (ASHA)’ acts as an interface between the communityand the public health system. Therefore present study wasconducted to access the socio-demographic profile of ASHAworkers and to assess the knowledge awareness and practice oftheir responsibilities.Mobile technologies have penetrated rural parts of the countries unlike any other technology. This canbe leveraged to provide primary maternity healthcare services. A low cast toolkit containing AAKASH TAB (android smart phone) is designed in such a way that it helps to take decision and supports for decision making.

350-362

Authors: Mr. R. P. Sabale

Instant search is an information-retrieval in which a system finds answers to a query instantly while a user types in keywords character-by-character. Fuzzy search further improves user search experiences by finding relevant answers with keywords similar to query keywords. A main computational challenge in this the high-speed requirement, i.e., each query needs to be answered within milliseconds to achieve an instant response and a high query throughput. At the same time, we also need good ranking functions that consider the proximity of keywords to compute relevance scores. In this paper, we study how to integrate proximity information into ranking in instant-fuzzy search while achieving efficient time and space complexities. A naıve solution is computing all answers then ranking them, but it cannot meet this high-speed requirement on large data sets when there are too many answers, so there are studies of early-termination techniques to efficiently compute relevant answers. To overcome the space and time limitations of these solutions, we propose an approach that focuses on common phrases in the data and queries, assuming records with these phrases are ranked higher. We study how to index these phrases and develop an incremental-computation algorithm for efficiently segmenting a query into phrases and computing relevant answers.

376-379

Authors: B. A. Waghmode#1, S. Nandgave*2

Now a day’s mobile devices have inbuilt GPS systems such as smartphones and PDAs which plays as increasingly important role in location based services. In location – based applications and services users require proving their locations at a particular time. There are lots of applications in market that helps to track someone’s location. As location proof plays a critical role in enabling these applications, they are location – sensitive. The common gain of all these applications is that they offer certain geographical location of a person carrying GPS enabled device. But sometimes users lie about their locations. Location – Based Services (LBS) personalize the service they provide or grant access to resources according to the current location of users. They are used in a variety of contexts, such as real-time traffic monitoring, discount tied to the visit of a particular shop. In most of current schemes, the location of a user/device is determined by the device itself (eg. through GPS) and forwarded to the LBS provider. By doing so, a user can cheat by having his device transmitting a false location to gain access to unauthorized resources, thus raising the issue of verifying the position claimed by a particular user. To counter this threat, LBS should ideally require the requesting device to formally prove that it really is at the claimed location. This notion has been formalized through the concept of location proof which is a proves that someone was at a particular location at a specific moment in time.

387-392

Authors: .ARUNADEVI1Dr. S. DANIEL MADAN RAJA2

In this paper, we presents a literature survey on the various approaches used for classifying scenes which is mainly based on object in the given image. In scene classification, classification of images is an intricate process which is the necessity to classify, organize and access them using an easy, faster and efficient way to achieve higher image accuracy within less execution time. The classification of images into semantic categories is an interesting and significant problem. Many different approaches have been proposed relating to object scene classification in the last few years.

393-403

Authors: G. Raj Kumar, M. Maruthi Prasada Reddy, T. Lalith Kumar

Steganography is the art or practice of concealing a message, image, or file within another message, image, or file. In steganography, there is a technique in which the least significant bit is modified to hide the secret message, known as the least significant bit (LSB) steganography. Least significant bit matching images are still not well detected, especially, at low embedding rate. In this paper, we have improved the least significant bit steganalyzers by analyzing and manipulating the features of some existing least significant bit matching steganalysis techniques. This paper explains the LSB Embedding technique with lifting based DWT schemes by using Micro blaze Processor implemented in a FPGA using System C coding.

411-413

Authors: Miss.Anuradha P. Gawande 1, Prof. S.S. Dhande

— Sorting of fruits and vegetables is one of the most important process in fruits production, while this process is typically performed manually in most countries. In India,basically in Vidharbha Region, productions of oranges are on the large scale. So, for sorting and grading of oranges, would be more helpful in industry. Machine learning and computer vision techniques have applied for evaluating food quality as well as crops grading. Different learning methods are analyzed for the task of classifying infected/uninfected Orange fruits from images of their external surface. Linear discriminant analysis is then used to transform the feature space after feature fusion for better separability, while three classifiers, naive Bayes, k-nearest neighbor and supported vector machines, and will be investigate.Abstract must be of Time New Roman Front of size 10 and must be justified alignment.

423-429

Authors: Amol Abhiman Magar

Wireless sensor network (WSN) has a wide range of applications in military as well as in civilian services. As wireless sensor networks continue to grow, so does the need for effective security mechanisms. Because sensor networks may interact with sensitive data and/or operate in hostile unattended environments and also nearly all aspects of wireless sensor network defenses relying on solid encryption and mainly key predistribution is a challenging task in sensor networks. Because the neighbor of a node after the deployment of sensors is unknown. An attacker can easily obtain a large number of keys by capturing a small fraction of nodes, and hence, can gain control of the network by deploying a replicated nodes or packets preloaded with some compromised keys. For secure communication, neighbors must possess a secret common key or there must exist a key-path among these nodes. In this paper I have discussed in brief about various key pre-distribution schemes for homogeneous sensor networks and I had analyzed merits and demerits for each of them. Among various schemes a suitable scheme can be chosen based on the requirement and the resource availability of the sensors.

438-445

Authors: Geeta.G.Dayalani1

— Today, Micro blogging has become a very popular communication tool among millions of Internet users. Vast number of users shares their opinions on different aspects of life everyday.Microblogging web-sites are rich sources of data for sentiment analysis. Sentiment Analysis is the process of detecting the contextual polarity of text. In our paper, we focus on one of the famous micro blogging platform, Twitter, for performing sentiment analysis on it. We propose a simple and completely automatic approach for analyzing the sentiment of users in Twitter. Firstly, we built a Twitter entirety by grouping the tweets. Tweets express positive and negative polarity through a completely automatic procedure by using only emoticons in tweets. Then, we have built a sentiment classifier where an actual creek of tweets is processed and its content is classified as positive, negative or neutral. The classification is made without the use of any pre-defined dictionary or polarity thesaurus. The thesaurus is automatically inferred from the creeking of tweets. We observe that our simple system captures the polarity perceptions matching reasonably well with the classification done by human judges.

454-461

Authors: Vasanth V1, Prabu M2

The object of this paper is to operate a fifteen-level Hybrid inverter of an induction motor drive at an average device switching frequency limited to rated fundamental frequency by using Synchronous optimal pulse width modulation(SOP) technique. To reduce the number of separate dc sources, a three-level transistor clamped inverter was used as a cell in the fifteen-level hybrid inverter. Using SOP technique, optimal fifteen-level waveforms were obtained by offline optimization assuming steady-state operation of the induction machine. The switching angles for each semiconductor switch are then obtained from optimal fifteen-level waveforms based on the criteria to minimize the switching frequency as well as unbalance in dc-link capacitor voltages. Simulation results obtained from the 1.5-kW induction motor drive show THD <5% for stator currents. The results indicate that SOP technique reduces the switching frequency of operation without compromising on THD

467-472

Authors: Dinesh D. Jagtap1

Big Data” is data that becomes large enough that it cannot be processed using conventional methods. The term Big Data concerns with the huge volume, complex and rapidly growing data sets with multiple, independent sources .Due to fast development of networking ,data storage and data collection capacity the concept of big data is now rapidly expanding in all science and engineering domains including biological, physical and biomedical sciences. Social networking sites, mobile phones ,banking and stock exchange sectors, sensors and science contribute to production of peta bytes of data daily. That’s why Big Data analysis now drives almost every aspect like mobile services, retail, financial services, manufacturing and life sciences. We all have heard a lot about “big data,” but “big” is actually a red herring. Telecommunications companies, Oil companies, and other data-relevant industries have had vast datasets for a long time. And as storage capacity continues to enlarge, today’s “big” is certainly tomorrow’s “medium” and “small.” In next week. The best meaningful definition of “big data” is when the size of the data itself becomes part of the problem.

484-494

Authors: Mr.Rutuparna R.Deoghare, Prof. Shailesh Dhomne,Prof.Atul S.Shriwaskar

Presently used Filters for Beverages making industries are very bulky in shape and gives low outlet discharge. Hence they are less efficient .Therefore there is a need to design compact, automated unit that produces completely clear liquor and which have large outlet discharge. This concept highlights the design of new filter which fulfill the requirements of beverages making industries for filteration.For making filteration more feasible, unit is to be design in which multiple disc comprising of blades is to be mounted on a shaft for filteration. Multiple discs will get patterned throughout the shaft and number of disc decides the capacity of filter. The special arrangement of Two cake discharge blades (scrapper remover) suspended from a frame mounted on the tank and serve to deflect and guide the cake to the discharge tube. On large diameter filters, the blades are of the swing type that float to maintain the cake to disc clearance and so allow for the wobble of the turning discs.

504-511

Authors: Suman Singh1* ,P.K.Omre1, Kirtiraj Gaikwad2

Studies on the exploration of alternate fuels obtained from renewable sources of energy to supplement conventional fossil fuels are being carried out throughout the world. The edible and non edible oils are being tried to either supplement or to replace diesel as fuel in CI engines. India is the net importer of edible oils and, therefore, emphasis is being laid to explore the possibility of using non-edible oils or their esters to be used in diesel engines alone or blended with diesel. A study was, therefore, undertaken to standardize ethyl esterification process parameters of raw Neem oil, comparing characteristic fuel properties of different blends of Neem oil ester with ethanol and use of the blends as a constant speed CI engine fuel. Raw Neem oil was esterified with methyl alcohol to obtain Neem methyl ester having lowest possible kinematic viscosity. The process parameters such as alcohol, catalyst concentration and reaction temperature were standardized to obtain higher recovery of esters. The characteristic fuel properties such as kinematic viscosity, relative density, gross heat of combustion, cloud and pour point, flash and fire point, carbon and ash content and total acidity of diesel, raw Neem oil, its methyl and ethyl ester and blends methyl ester with ethanol were compared. The recovery of Neem methyl ester of lowest kinematic viscosity (6.65 cS) with 84 percent recovery was possible at the following standardized parametric conditions: Main Transesterification Process: Molar Ratio (6:1),Type of Catalyst (KOH) ,Concentration of Catalyst (2%), Reaction Temperature (650c),Reaction Time (60min), Setting time (24h). The relative density of the Neem oil used in the experiment was 6.07 percent higher than that of diesel, whereas the Neem methyl ester of 6.65 cS viscosity has the relative density 2.57 percent higher than the diesel. The cloud and pour point of diesel used in the experiment were 4.20C and 1.50C respectively and raw Neem oil had the cloud and pour point of 190C and 30C respectively. The cloud point was observed 4,18,20,21,22 and 230C and the pour point as 6.0,7.0,8.0,9.0,10.0 and 5.0 for NME90E10, NME80E20,NME70E30,NME60E400,NME50E50 and NME100 respectively. The flash and fire point of diesel used in the experiment were observed as 54.3 and 59.40C respectively where as for Neem oil these values were 152 and 1590 respectively. The blends of Neem methyl ester-ethanol were blends found to have lower flash and fire point than diesel.

518-523

Authors: D. Krishna Kumar, B.Sai baba M.

— Monitoring transit traffic at one or more points in a network is of interest to network operators for reasons of traffic accounting, debugging or troubleshooting, forensics, and traffic engineering. Previous research in the area has focused on deriving a placement of monitors across the network toward the end of maximizing the monitoring utility of the network operator for a given traffic routing. However, both traffic characteristics and measurement objectives can dynamically change over time, rendering a previously optimal placement of monitors suboptimal. It is not feasible to dynamically redeploy/reconfigure measurement infrastructure to cater to such evolving measurement requirements. We address this problem by strategically routing traffic subpopulations over fixed monitors. We refer to this approach as MeasuRouting. The main challenge for MeasuRouting is to work within the constraints of existing intradomain traffic engineering operations that are geared for efficiently utilizing bandwidth resources, or meeting quality-of-service (QoS) constraints, or both. A fundamental feature of intradomain routing, which makesMeasuRouting feasible, is that intradomain routing is often specified for aggregate flows. MeasuRouting can therefore differentially route components of an aggregate flow while ensuring that the aggregate placement is compliant to original traffic engineering objectives. In this paper, we present a theoretical framework for MeasuRouting. Furthermore, as proofs of concept, we present synthetic and practical monitoring applications to showcase the utility enhancement achieved with MeasuRouting.

533-539

Authors: P.Murali1, V. Diwakar Reddy2, A. Naga Phaneendra3

In the present study an efficient multi criteria decision making (MCDM) approach has been proposed for quality evaluation and performance appraisal in supplier selection. Supplier selection is a multi-criteria decision making problem influenced by multiple performance criteria.These criteria’s/attributes may be both qualitative as well as quantitative .Qualitative criteria estimates are generally based on previous experience and expert opinion on a suitable conversion scale.This conversion is based on human judgment.Therefore predicted result may not be accurate always because the method does not explore real data.These are analyzed by TOPSIS(Technique for order preference similarity to ideal solution), PROMETHEE(Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluations) etc. In solution of MCDM problems there should be a common trend is to convert quantitative criteria values into an equivalent single performance index called Multi attribute performance index. MCDM methods helps to choose the best alternatives where many criteria have come into existence ,the best one can be obtained by analyzing the different scope for the criteria, weights for the criteria.

546-553

Authors: K.Swathi1, S Mallikarjun Rao2

The enormous growth for Wireless broadband services and huge take up of mobile technology demands for higher data rate services.For a communication network to be successful only provisioning of high data rates alone is not sufficient, but also should provide wide coverage.Both satellite and terrestrial networks cannot guarantee this on their own. This incapability is attributed to capacity of coverage issues in densely populated areas for satellites and lack of infrastructure in rural areas for terrestrial networks. Therefore hybrid architecture between terrestrial and satellite networks based on MIMO-OFDM with frequency reuse is employed here.In hybrid architecture, the users will be able to avail the services through the terrestrial networks as well as the satellite networks. The users located in urban areas will be served by the existing terrestrial mobile networks and similarly the one located in rural areas will be provided services through the satellite networks providing global connectivity. Andthe combination of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) signal processing with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is regarded as a promising solution for enhancing the data rates of next-generation wireless communication systems. However, this frequency reuse introduces severe co-channel interference (CCI) at the satellite end. To mitigate CCI, we propose an OFDM based adaptive beamformer implemented on-board the satellite with pilot reallocation at the transmitter side. The system performance is simulated by using the software MATLAB, the experimental result shows the efficiency MIMO-OFDM communication system.

558-573

Authors: Muzaffar U Zaman Khan1, Ishtiyaq Majeed Ganaie2, Kowsar Hussain Bhat3

Dal Lake, known as the jewel of kashmir, is a world famous lake in the city of srinagar,the summer Capital of Jammu and Kasmir state India. The current study aimed at analysing the various physico-chemical parameters of the lake and assessing its water quality using the methodology as given in APHA 1998. The results revealed higher values for nitrogen, showing the excessive use of nitrogenous fertilizers in the floating gardens of the lake and agricultural fields surrounding the lake. Phosphate values also remained on the higher side indicating the eutrophic nature of the lake. The values for iron were also high, while as the results for alkalinity revealed that the lake waters fall under the category of hard waters KEY WORDS: Dal Lake, APHA, nitrogen, phosphate, fertilizers, floating gardens, eutrophic, alkalinity, hard waters

577-582

Authors: SuthesKumar.P1, Prabhakaran.S2

This project proposes a power factor corrected (PFC) interleaved converter- fed brushless direct current (BLDC) motor drive.Back Emf sensing method is proposed which reduces switching loss and no attenuation.Speed control is done by controller which makes the corrected PWM signals.And also efficiency is improved by using interleaved converter.

590-595

Authors: Mr . Takale Dattatray1, Mr.Priyadarshi Amrit

In Wireless Sensor Network every Sensor node having a tendency to shut down ,due to computation power, Hardware Fail, Software Fail, environmental Condition and energy depletion. Fault Tolerance is a major problem in a wireless sensor Network. A Fault Management is key of Network Management. Fault management Algorithms is divided into fault detection, fault diagnosis and fault recovery.The fault detection schemes classified in a two types: Centralized Approach and Distributed Approach.Fault diagnosis is the whole process of fault management. In a Fault Diagnosis cover only three question like where the fault is located,what type of fault it is like node failure,how a fault does occurs. Fault recovery is the last phase of the fault management process. The various algorithms are available for the recover the Faulty Node like FNR Algorithm. The increase the Lifetime of WSN Using Fault Node Recovery Algorithm when Sensor Node is dead. Fault Node Recovery Algorithm it depend on Generic Algorithm and Grade Diffusion Algorithm. The algorithm can result in fewer replacements of sensor nodes and more reused routing paths. This Algorithm also increases the number of active nodes, reduces the rate of data loss and reduced energy consumption.

604-612

Authors: Binoy C.N*, Sijo M.T

In this paper, an approach to find the effect of carbon nanotubes addition on fracture toughness in aluminium silicon carbide composite is been analyzed. Although properties like specific strength, specific stiffness, elevated temperature strength, wear and corrosion resistance increases has proven, property of fracture toughness is decreasing. In this paper aluminium silicon carbide in the proven composition 25% Silicon Carbide and 75% Aluminium has casted by using stir casting process as per standard dimensions (ASTM E399). With the same dimension aluminium silicon carbide composite with added carbon nanotubes were also casted in the ratio 0.2% multi walled Carbon Nanotube, 24.8% Silicon Carbide and 75% Aluminium. All the test pieces were tested by using universal testing machine and stress intensity factor KIC was found out. Results showed that there is increase in fracture toughness of aluminium silicon carbide with added carbon nanotubes by 16% than the 25% Silicon Carbide and 75% Aluminium combination of composite

620-627

Authors: Mr. N. SENTHIL KUMARAN, M.C.A. , M.Phil.,1 R.MOHANA PRIYA,2

Certificate Revocation mechanisms play an important role in securing a network[6]. Malicious nodes directly threaten the robustness of the network Malicious nodes directly threaten the robustness of the network as well as the availability of nodes. Protecting legitimate nodes from malicious attacks must be considered in MANETs [1]. The main challenge for certificate revocation is to revoke the certificates of malicious nodes promptly and accurately. In this paper additionally uses two concepts: They are fixed window model and sliding window model of which the latter produces the best output with slight increased calculation overhead. In monitoring-based intrusion detection, each node monitors the forwarding behavior of its neighboring nodes. In this paper, proposed scheme is based upon a improved reliable based node classification scheme, which outperforms other techniques in terms of being able to quickly revoke attacker’s certificates and recover falsely accused certificates.

637-648

Authors: Suman Singh1* ,P.K.Omre1, Kirtiraj Gaikwad2

Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum), is a giant grass belonging to the family graminae. Mythological texts of India dating back over 3000 years ago, mention the name of sugarcane and its products. The Sanskrit word ‘SARKARA’ from which the word ‘SACCHARUM’ seems to have been derived also indicates the antiquity knowledge of sugarcane in India (Lakshmikantham, 1983). In general sugarcane juice is spoiled quickly by the presence of sugars (Krishnakumar and Devadas 2006).In present investigation an attempt has been made to preserve sugarcane juice with the help of hurdle technology. Sugarcane variety CoP 32320 has been selected for preparing sugarcane juice. Fresh sugarcane juice preserve with the help of optimized parameter and hurdle technology. The quality of Sugarcane beverage evaluated by sensory evaluation in interval of every 15 days for 180 days although sugarcane beverage were hot fill and aseptic pack in air tight jar so aseptically withdrawal of sample has been taken for avoiding contamination in aseptic environment. The sensory parameters of colour, flavour, taste and overall acceptability were evaluated with 10 trained panelist based on 9 point Hedonic rating scale with maximum score considered as the best for optimized sugarcane juice.

653-661

Authors: Ms. Namrata Rao

— Congestion in the transmission lines is one of the technical problems that appear particularly in the deregulated environment. There are two types of congestion management methodologies to relieve it. One is non-cost free methods and another is cost-free methods, among them later method relieves the congestion technically whereas the former is related with the economics. In this paper congestion is relieved using cost free methods. Using FACTS devices, congestion can be reduced without disturbing the economic matters. STATCOM and UPFC are two mainly emerging FACTS devices and they are used in this paper to reduce the congestion. Above method is tested on 5-bus system and it can be extended to any practical system. FACTS devices can be an alternative to reduce the flows in heavily loaded lines, resulting in an increased power capability, low system loss, improved stability of the network, by controlling the power flows in the network. Modeling, simulation and analysis of 5 bus system in MATLAB environment is proposed in this paper. Comparison with and without FACTS devices is done to control the power flow and obtain the power system steady state operation. The same system is again analyzed under dynamic conditions and the performance of these devices is observed.

672-675

Authors: Ms. Shital Balkrishna Kuber

Malware is any type of malicious software that has the capability to enter into system without authorization of the users. Thus malware detection is the important issue in the computer security. Signature based detection is more popular method to detect the malware attack but main drawback of this method is that it is not used to detect the Zero-day attack. We need to update the database regularly and human experts are needed to create the new signature. The drawbacks of Signature based malware detection is minimized by using heuristic method. Heuristic method is used to detect zero-day attacks. There are various methods used to detect the malware like n-gram method, Finite state automaton method, Control Flow Graph method, N-gram analysis at byte level etc. These methods having their various advantages and disadvantages. This study enlightens the various methods used to detect malwares.

680-690

Authors: Dipika M. Pimpre

MANET is infrastructure less network and the routing protocol in MANET is not designed specifically with dynamic, self-starting behavior required for wireless networks. Each and every node in MANET acts as a forward and receiver node. Performance of most of the protocols is not encouraging in a highly dynamic interconnection topology. Most routing protocols in MANETs rely on a flooding mechanism to broadcast data and control packets over the entire network for establishing routes between source destination pair. However, the basic nature and characteristics flooding mechanism causes a large number of packets propagation in MANETs. This will eventually overload the network and traffic is congested affecting the overall performance of network. So, there is a need of such a protocol which not only reduces the flooding but also reduces the routing overhead. In this paper, a reliable broadcast approach for MANET is proposed, which improves the transmission rate. This work proposes a methodology where certain nodes are assumed to be high energy transmission nodes known as Octane Routing Node (ORN)/ High Power Routing (HPR) nodes, or Tower Node (TN) in the network which are utilized for routing. The route is established only through these nodes which are capable of communicating to long distance. Since the proposed approach reduces the flooding, we have considered functionality of the proposed approach with AODV variants. The effect of network density on the overhead and collision rate is considered for performance evaluation. The performance is compared with the AODV variants found that the proposed approach outperforms all the variants

703-707

Authors: LubnaAhsan

This paper aims to present an overview of military technology used during the Korean War. The paper begins with an overview and background of the Korean War specially formation of both side military, Casualty statistics and war strategy of Air and ground forces,this paper also examine the role of UN forces in Korean war and military technologies which was used by UN forces in the Korean War.

715-719

Authors: Dr.P.SUMITRA, M.Sc., M.Phil.,MCA.,Ph.D.,1 M.KAVINNELA,

Database is a service paradigm poses several research challenges in terms of security and cost evaluation from a tenant‘s point of view. The cloud database as a service is a novel paradigm that can support several Internet-based applications, but its adoption requires the solution of information confidentiality problems. A novel architecture for adaptive encryption of public cloud databases that offers an interesting alternative to the tradeoff between the required data confidentiality level and the flexibility of the cloud database structures at design time. This paper proposes a novel architecture for adaptive encryption of public cloud databases that offers a proxy-free alternative to the system. The project demonstrates the feasibility and performance of the proposed solution through a software prototype. The proposed architecture manages five types of information: plain data represent the tenant information; encrypted data are the encrypted version of the plain data, and are stored in the cloud database; plain metadata represent the additional information that is necessary to execute SQL operations on encrypted data; encrypted metadata are the encrypted version of the plain metadata, and are stored in the cloud database; master key is the encryption key of the encrypted metadata, and is known by legitimate clients

729-734

Authors: Mrs.S.ANITHA, MCA., M.Phil.,1 S.GAYATHRI,2

Cloud computing allows business customers to scale up and down their resource usage based on needs. Many of the touted gains in the cloud model come from resource multiplexing through virtualization technology. This project presents a system that uses virtualization technology to allocate data center resources dynamically based on application demands and support green computing by optimizing the number of servers in use. The existing system is “skewness” model introduced to measure the unevenness in the multidimensional resource utilization of a server. By minimizing skewness, we can combine different types of workloads nicely and improve the overall utilization of server resources. It develops a set of heuristics that prevent overload in the system effectively while saving energy used. In addition, this paper proposes an Enhanced Adaptive Scoring Job Scheduling Algorithm (EASJSA) for the cloud environment. Compared to other methods, it can decrease the completion time of submitted jobs, which may compose of computing-intensive jobs and data-intensive jobs.

740-746

Authors: Mr.Bhavin D. Patel1, Prof.Ramesh N. Mevada2, Prof. Dhaval P. Patel3

The desire to reach higher efficiencies, lower specific fuel consumptions and reduce emissions in modern internal combustion (IC) engines has become the focus of engine researchers and manufacturers for the past three decades. The global concern over the decreasing supply of fossil fuels and the more stringent emissions regulations has placed the onus on the engine industry to produce practical, economical and environmentally conscious solutions to power our vehicles. Over the years, a variety of different approaches have been taken to attain improvements in efficiency and reduce emissions in existing engine designs. The introduction of new technologies has played a role in making advancements to this century-old technology. Lighter and stronger materials, advanced manufacturing processes, improved combustion chamber designs, advanced exhaust after-treatment technologies, and new computational means for designing, analyzing and optimizing the internal combustion engine are just a few of the advancements we have made to achieve significant improvements in performance, efficiency and emissions. The review of different research paper is reflected different methodology such as thermal barrier coating, HVOF (High velocity oxygen fuel) coating, Particle image velocimetry (PIV), Coating thickness and roughness effect etc. And such system they had applying such kind of coating process those are metal sheet, gas turbine, parabolic reflector, automobile industry etc. Some research paper indicated about optimization method applied coating structure and FEA analysis or CFD analysis. In CI and SI engine, they were done component level coating as per design requirement for surface roughness and life of component. There was not work done on energy saving during power stroke and there is not any provision for inside coating method from above research paper survey.

762-766

Authors: Ms Lavanya Thunuguntla1, Saritha Sapa 2

: The communication mechanism is employed in systems on a single chip (SoC) are an important contribution to their overall performance. To date bus based mechanism is applied in many areas of real time applications of SoCs realizing on FPGA due to its flexibility and simplification in designing tool. This paper presents a novel on-chip network to support traffic permutation in multiprocessor SoC applications. The proposed work employed dynamic path setup with round robin algorithm with word length control and also circuit switching approach to enable runtime path arrangement for arbitrary traffic permutations. The proposed work is carried out based on Xilinx FPGA family and by using Verilog HDL

773-776

Authors: 1Sagarika Sahoo, 2Avani Jadeja

Knowledge bases are an important resource for easily accessible, systematic relational knowledge. They provide the benefit oforganizing knowledge in the relational form but suffer from incompleteness of new entities and relationships. However, each of them (eg. Freebase, Wordnet etc)is based on different severe symbolic framework which makes them hard to use their data for different other purposes in the field of Artificial Intelligence(AI) such as natural language processing (word-sense disambiguation, natural language understanding, ...), vision (scene classification, image semantic annotation, ...) or collaborative filtering. Much work has been done on relation extraction from knowledge bases and extending knowledge bases using various Neural Network models. This paper provides a survey on extending knowledge bases using various Neural Network models and the ideas and strength of those models.

784-791

Authors: Geeta Rana1, M K Yadav2

: The objective of this paper” THE SUN AND ITS ACTIVITIES” is to explain the solar activities. The paper aims to provide the reading with the main elements; that characterize the peculiar structures, the prominences and their environment as deduced from observations of solar radiations/solar activities. As modern life is very technology dependent, so studying solar activity becomes a big concern. It is well known that the technology of satellites for telecommunication and human space activities are very sensitive to solar eruptions. For all these reasons, the past decade has seen the development of space weather as a new branch of science aimed at forecasting solar activity and its consequences on earth.

797-811

Authors: Sarath Paul*, Rathish R **

Significant amount of cast iron are being used to fabricate components such as engine blocks, cylinder heads etc., in response to consumer demands for the increase in performance with excellent cast ability and machinability, the use of cast iron has grown dramatically from the past. Production of cast iron castings is a complex process which involves many parameters that affect the quality of castings. In this study, a new approach is attempted to produce sound FG 260 grey iron castings by computer simulation through experimental validation in a cast iron foundry. The entire casting process is simulated by means of finite element simulation software and then the results are compared with shop floor trials. A simple rectangular plate casting of dimension 200x100x15 mm is produced with different combinations of riser dimensions. The aim is to increase the yield as well as to reduce defects that occur in the cast iron castings due to design parameters for which a cylindrical riser of hemispherical bottom with h/d=1.3 is considered for analysis. Solidification simulation is made with ANSYS software to compute solidification time and optimal riser combinations to obtain defect free castings in the shop floor. The experimental results revealed that the simulation performed using ANSYS holds good to produce defect free cast iron castings in the foundry.

817-820

Authors: Mohini Deokar, Ruhi Kabra

The first step in video processing is temporal segmentation, i.e. shot boundary detection. Camera shot transitions can be either abrupt (e.g. cut) or gradual (e.g. fades, dissolves, wipes).Video segmentation is essential for video structure analysis and content based video management. One of the most challenging domains for shot boundary detection is sports video. Here we present a classification of shot boundary detection algorithms, including those that deal with gradual shot transitions. A current research topic on video includes video abstraction or summarization, video classification, video annotation and content based video retrieval.

826-830

Authors: Ms .Taware Priyanka1, Ms. M.M.Waghmare2

The paper formulate the language for the data on the web. This language formulation helps to easily query data on the web. The main use of MashQL is that it allows people with limited knowledge of IT. It helps to explore and query one or more data sources. It does not require the knowledge about the schema, structure or any technical details of these sources. Most important, it is robust to the untrained users. And not necessary that data source should have an offline or inline. To illustrate the query formulation we choose the Data web scenarios. It also use RDF for query. RDF is the most primitive data model, so the MashQL used for the querying XML and relational databases. The two implementation of MashQL can be presented here that is a firefox add on and online mashup editor. The paper illustrate how MashQL can be used to query the data on web and mash up data web simply

836-841

Authors: Vivek B. Satpute

- Data mining is the technique that discovers hidden pattern in data sets and association between the patterns. In this association rule mining one of the techniques used to achieve the objective of data mining. These rules are effectively used to uncover unknown relationships producing result that can give us a basis for forecasting and decision making. To discover these rules we have to find out the frequent item sets because these item sets are the building blocks to obtain Association rules with a given confidence and support.

848-855

Authors: Kanifnath S. Hirave

Abstract— This The activity of detecting and documenting the similarities and differences in related software products in domain is called as domain analysis. For efficient detection and utilization of commonality across related software systems, the effective software reuse is required. Domain experts providing information about a domain under analysis. Feature oriented domain analysis (FODA) is used for efficient detection and utilization of commonality across related software systems. Reuse of software product is one of the encouraging resolutions to the software disaster. Feature Oriented Reuse Environment (FORM) model constructed during the analysis is called a feature model, it captures commonality as an AND/OR graph. Domain analysis and Reuse Environment (DARE) is CASE tool that supports domain analyst in carrying out a clear domain analysis method. DARE is useful for detection and documenting domain information from documents and program. Recommender systems are used to find affinity among features across products, for which two different techniques are used. First technique uses association rule mining algorithm, in which two algorithms are used i.e. Apriori and AprioriTID. Another technique which is collaborative filtering recommender system is to analyze neighborhoods of similar products to identify new feature of items

861-867

Authors: Anilkumar K, Srinivasa Chari.V, Hareesha.M.S

The Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) is a mobile Robot used in industrial applications to move materials around a manufacturing facility or a warehouse. An AGV can also be called a laser guided vehicle (LGV) or self-guided vehicle (SGV). In Germany the technology is also called Fahrerlose Transport system (FTS). AGV’s are extensively adopted in Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS), AGV’s Navigate on Their own with the help of various guiding mechanisms; broadly these mechanisms are classified as wired & wireless guidance mechanisms. In this project we mainly concentrate on wireless guidance mechanism which makes use if guide tape (colored in this case) for navigation. Basically this type of AGV’s act as a line follower robot which follows the guide tape which is imprinted on the shop floor. The guide tape is sensed by the onboard sensors which are present on the AGV; the sensor used for this purpose is an optical sensor which uses Infrared LED’s. AGV’s can be controlled by one centralized or onboard computer which i present in the AGV; in this project we use of an Onboard microcontroller which acts as a machine control unit (MCU) to control & coordinate all the parameters of an AGV.

875-881

Authors: Anup A. Dange, Prof. Neha Khatri-Valmik

A lot of research work has been done in the field of real-time database system to seek optimizing transaction scheduling to ensure global serializability. Nested transaction offers more decomposable execution units and finer-grained control over concurrency and recovery than “flat” transactions. For most applications we believe that it is desirable to maintain database constancy. It is possible to maintain consistency without serializable schedules but this requires more specific information about the kinds of transactions being executed. Since we have assumed very little knowledge about transactions, serializability is the best way to achieve consistency.

887-900

Authors: Syed Muhammad Jamil Shah, Ammar Nasir, Hafeez Ahmed

Satellite communication is one of the most popular next generation communication technologies for global communication networks in parallel to terrestrial communication networks. In modern age military intelligence, navigation & positioning, weather forecasting, digital video Broadcasting (DVB), and broadband internet services, are the few demanding applications of Satellite communication. Although Satellite communication is cost effective solution for such long distance communication application, However security over the link is still a major concern in satellite communication. Due to limitations such as high bit error rate, power control, large distance between end nodes, high link delays because of large round trip times, and link availability, common security techniques incorporate a lot of issues in implementation of proper secure communication over the satellite links. In this survey paper, we explore the importance of security, trivial and currently deployed security tools, and the limitations to be considered while deploying such security techniques and protocols for securing satellite communication. Finally we reported some future research space in process to further optimize the security tools and measures for the proper security frame work over the satellite communication infrastructure.

907-911

Authors: PrasannaS. Wadekar

Social websites such as Flickr, zoomer, Picasa are photo sharing websites that permit users to share their multimedia data over the social networks. Flickr inspires sharing photos with tags, joining in interested groups, contacting other users with similar interest as friends as well as expressing their preference on photos by tagging, commenting, sharing, annotating. The user’s social tagging includes metadata in the form of keywords reflects users preference over those photos and those can be better utilized to mine the users preference. The social tags are used in various ways by many of the recommender systems to predict searchers preference on returned photos for personalized search. Geotagging of a photo is the process in which a photo is marked with the geographical identification of the place it was taken. Geotagging can help users to find a wide variety of location-specific information. In personalized tag recommendation, tags that are relevant to the user’s query are retrieved based upon the user’s interest.

917-921

Authors: Ms. Ankita A. Burungale1, Prof. Dinesh A. Zende2

Large-scale classification taxonomies have thousands of classes, deep hierarchies and skewed category distribution over documents. Hierarchical classification can speed up the classification process because problem is sub divided into smaller sub problems, and each of which can be efficiently and effectively managed. Most commonly used method for multiclass classification is one versus rest method. It is inflexible due to computational complexity. The top down method is usually accepted, but it has an error propagation problem. The metaclassification method solves error propagation problem. In this paper, several challenges for hierarchical document classification such as scalability, complexity, and misclassification are reviewed. The questions concerning about the learning and the classification processes are reviewed.

928-932

Authors: Ms. Benazeer S. Inamdar1, Mrs. Gyankamal J. Chhajed2

Collaborative tagging is one of the most diffused and prominent services available on the web. It has emerged as one of the best ways of associating metadata (tag) with web resources like image, bookmark, post etc. With the increase in the kinds of web objects becoming available, collaborative tagging of such resources is also developing along new dimensions. In this survey paper, we have reviewed and analyzed different privacy enhanced technologies (PET) of collaborative tagging like tag suppression, tag perturbation, tag recommendation and tag prediction.

936-939

Authors: Swati A. Adhav

Social media networks is becoming popular these days, where user interacts with each other to form social networks. Social media has revolutionized the way people share and access information. The photo sharing websites include Flicker, Picasa, YouTube support users to create, annotate, share, and comment on Media data. The user’s social tagging includes metadata in the form of keywords that reflects user’s preference over photos and tagging can be better utilized to mine the user’s preference. It explicitly model user interaction and social relations in the tag generation process. It propose a regularized hypergraph learning solution to refine the correlations among user, image, tag and other metadata. While the traditional social tag analysis work focus on analyzing the image tag binary correlation, taking user factor and metadata into consideration shows superior performance in image tag refinement task.

943-947

Authors: Ms. Devaki V. Ingule1, Prof.Gyankamal J. Chhajed2

Opinion mining and sentiment analysis is a Natural Language Processing task. Number of Users shared what they think on microblog services. Twitter is important platform for follow sentiment of public which is a very challenging problem. Public sentiment analysis is a very essentialto explore, analyze and organize user’s views for better decision making. Sentiment analysis is process of identifying positive and negative opinions, emotions and evaluations in text. This is useful for consumers for research the sentiment of products before they actually purchase, or companies that want to monitor the public sentiment of their brands. In this paper we have reviewed and analyzed number of techniques for public sentiments analysis and their classification.

954-960

Authors: S.Aiswarya, S.Aravinth, S.Uma

The sequential circuit designed was Look-Ahead Transformation based LFSR in which a hardware complexity was present and it may limit their employ in many applications. The design of efficient LFSR for BCH encoder using TePLAT (Term Preserving Look-Ahead Transformation) overcame this limitation by opening the employ of minimizing the iteration bound and hardware complexity in wide range of applications. A TePLAT convert LFSR formulation behaves in the same way to achieve much higher throughput than those of a native implementation and a Look-Ahead Transformation-based.

961-966

Authors: Ms. Anjali A. Dhanve1, Mrs. Gyankamal J. Chhajed2

In this paper we have reviewed and analyzed different techniques for transferring color among images. We have reviewed various methods for color transfer between images like Histogram Matching (HM), Means and Variance, Color Category Based Approach, Gradient Preserving Model, N-dimensional Probability Density Function, Dominant Color Idea, Principal Component Analysis (PCA). For a purpose of smoothing of an image there are methods like EPS filter, JBF filter, Two Multiscale Schemes, Local Laplacian Pyramid available today. We have also represented analysis of these techniques in the form of table considering different factors like color effect, grain effect and details of image. It is concluded that some corruptive artifacts remains in these methods like color distortion, occurring noise, loss of details.

971-977

Authors: Sanjeev Kumar Punia, Dr. Anuj Kumar, Dr. Kuldeep Malik

Software development projects are subject to risks like any other project. These risks must be managed in order for the project to succeed. Current frameworks and models for risk identification, assessment and management are static and unchangble. They lack feedback capability and cannot adapt to future changes in risk events. The OODA (Observe, Orient, Decide and Act) loop, developed during the Korean war by fighter pilot Colonel John Boyd, is a dynamic risk management framework that has built in feedback methods and readily adapts to future changes. It can be successfully employed by development teams as an effective risk management framework, helping projects come in on time and on budget.

982-989

Authors: Babak Yazdanpanah1, K.Sravan Kumar2 Dr.G.S.N.Raju3

Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal has been broadly used in cardiac pathology to find heart disease. ECG signal is commonly corrupted by disparate artifacts as baseline wander, power line interference (50/60 Hz) and electromyography noise and these should be eliminated before diagnosis. The function proposed in this paper is removal of low frequency interference i.e. baseline wandering and high frequency noise i.e. electromyography in ECG signal and digital filters are performed to eliminate it. A digital infinite-impulse response (IIR) filter design in this article. The digital filters accomplished are IIR with different approximation methods as of Butterworth, ChebyshevI, Chebyshev II and Eliptic. The results obtained are at order of 1, 2 and 3. The signals taken from the MIT-BIH database which contains the normal and abnormal waveforms. The task has been in MATLAB where filters are implemented in FDA Tool. The result received for whole IIR filters with different methods are evaluated the waveforms, power spectrums density, signal to noise ratio (SNR) and means square error (MSE) of the noisy and filtered ECG signals. The filter which shows the excellent outcomes is the Butterworth.

995-999

Authors: Suvarna V.Mehere, Krunal P.Mudafale, Dr.Sunil.V.Prayagi

Evaporative cooling is an energy efficient and environmentally friendly air conditioning technology. Direct evaporative cooling systems is a technology which involves adiabatic humidification and cooling of air with supplementary heat exchange facilities to lower final air temperature and try to reduce relative humidity. This concept is enhanced in all engineering fields due to its characteristics of zero pollution, energy efficiency, simplicity and good indoor air quality. This cooling effect has been used on various scales from small space cooling to large industrial applications. An extensive literature review has been conducted. The review covers direct evaporative cooling design criteria, applications, advantages and disadvantages. Experimental and theoretical research works on feasibility studies, performance test and optimization as well as heat and mass transfer analysis are reviewed in detail.

1008-1017

Authors: P.Yamuna1, K.Sambasivarao2

The importance of the beam and its engineering applications is obvious, and it undergoes different kinds of loading. Such loading may cause cracks in the beam. Crack depth and location are the main parameters for the vibration analysis of such beams. These cracks and their locations effect on the shapes and values of the beam frequency. So it becomes very important to monitor the changes in the response parameters of the beam to access structural integrity, performance and safety. In the current work, the natural frequency of a simply supported beam with a triangular crack, is investigated numerically by finite element method using of FE analysis software ANSYS. Different crack location effects are considered and the results are compared with that of the simply supported beam without crack. The results obtained from the vibration analysis of the beam show that the lowest fundamental frequency of the beam without crack is higher than the lowest frequency obtained for beam with cracks. When the location of the crack varies from the either end of the simply supported beam to the centre of the beam the lowest natural frequency decreases.

1023-1025

Authors: Ms.Ashwini Sopan Shidore,Ms.Sindhu M.R

Understanding information diffusion processes that take place on the Web, specially in social media, is a fundamental step towards the design of effective information diffusion mechanisms, recommendation systems, and viral marketing. Two key concepts in information diffusion are influence and relevance. Ability to popularize content in an online community is the influence . Influentials introduce relevant content, in the sense that such content satisfies the information needs of a significant portion of this community.We describe the problem of identifying influential users and relevant content in information diffusion data and also study how individual behavior data may provide knowledge regarding influence relationships in a social network in this paper.

1034-1043

Authors: Shubhangi S. Umbarkar

: A number of investors on financial markets are growing day by day. Investors need to continuously observe financial news for market events to deciding buy and sell equities due to the upcoming news of market sensitivity. For taking information about financial market, investors always prefer news and financial markets are motivated by news information, which is comes from different media agencies through a various channels. Information is time-sensitive, especially in the circumstance of financial markets, selecting and processing all the relevant information in a decision-making process, such as whether to buy, hold, or sell shares is difficult task. There are various techniques used for prediction of stock market like Data mining, ontology learning, machine learning, artificial neural network (ANN), decision tree etc. Due to uncertainty nature of financial market investors are confuse to take the significant decision about investment. Stock market prediction is the ongoing research field in the data mining. This paper is about to discuss different techniques, challenges related to prediction of stock market.

1049-1052

Authors: Priyanka V. Patil Ismail

Uncertainty in various domains implies the necessity for various data mining techniques and algorithms that can handle uncertain datasets. Many studies on uncertain datasets have main focused on modeling, query ranking, classification models, discovering frequent patterns, clustering, etc. However despite the existing need, very few studies have considered uncertainty in sequential data. In this paper, we propose to measure pattern frequentness based on the various possible world semantics. We are looking to establish two uncertain sequence data models abstracted from many real-life applications involving uncertain sequence data, and formulate the problem of mining probabilistically frequent sequential patterns (or p-FSPs) from data that conform to our models. Using the prefix-projection strategy of the famous PrefixSpan algorithm, we are developing two new algorithms, collectively called U-PrefixSpan, for p-FSP mining. UPrefixSpan avoids the problem of “possible world explosion”, and when combined with our three pruning techniques and one validating technique, it achieves good performance

1065-1075

Authors: 1Virender verma,2Amit sharma,3 Deepak juneja

— DMAIC approach is a business strategy used to improve business profitability and efficiency of all operation to meet customer needs and expectations. In the present research work, an attempt has been made to apply DMAIC (Define, Measure, analysis, improve, control) approach. The emphasis was laid down towards reduction in the defects (Blow holes, Misrun, Slag inclusion, Rough surface) occurred in the sand castings by controlling the parameters with DMAIC technique. The results achieved shows that the rejection due to sand casting defects has been reduced from 6.98% to 3.10 % which saved the cost of Rs.2.35 lac appx.

1081-1088

Authors: Pradeep R1*, B.S Praveen Kumar.2 and Prashanth B3

Red mud is one of the major waste material during production of alumina from bauxite by the Bayer’s process. It is an insoluble product generated after bauxite digestion with sodium hydroxide at elevated temperature and pressure is known as red mud or ‘bauxite residue’. It comprises of oxides of iron, titanium, aluminium and silica along with some other minor constituents. Based on economics as well as environmental related issues, enormous efforts have been directed worldwide towards red mud management issues i.e. of utilization, storage and disposal. Different avenues of red mud utilization are more or less known but none of them have so far proved to be economically viable or commercially feasible. The red mud is classified as dangerous, according to NBR 10004/2004, and world while generation reached over 117 million tons/year. In present work experiments have been conducted under laboratory condition to assess the mechanical properties of the aluminium red mud and silicon carbide composite under different working conditions. This has been possible by fabricating the samples through stir casting technique. To enhance the mechanical properties, the samples were also subjected to heat treatment.

12-17

Authors: Alexandre A.G. Silva1, Pedro L.P.Sanchez 2

This article discusses the system of choice of experts, especially engineers experts in Brazil and the United States. Despite being different legal systems, there are common issues that have different solutions in both countries. First will be exposed as is the Brazilian legal system, and will be described how is the choose of experts in the judiciary. Next will be described the American legal system and how is the choice of the experts in this system. Possible solutions to the problems of the Brazilian system based on the American system will be pointed out.

26-34

Authors: Shahbaz Ali Khidri¹, Aamir Ali Malik², Shakir Hussain Memon³

Electrical power is vital to everyone and is a clean and efficient energy source that is easy to transmit over long distances, and easy to control. Generally, electrical power is transmitted from one place to another with the help of wires which introduce losses and a significant amount of power is wasted in this way. As a result, the efficiency of the power system is significantly affected. In order to overcome these problems, a low-cost, reliable, efficient, secure, and environmental friendly wireless energy solution is presented in this research paper. The concept of transferring power wirelessly in 3D space was first realized by Nikola Tesla when he gave the idea to transmit the power without the help of wires over large distances using the earth’s ionosphere. In this research paper, magnetic resonance method which is non-radiative in nature is introduced for wireless power transmission and the electrical power is transmitted wirelessly over a distance of 10 feet with an overall efficiency of 80%. The method introduced in this paper is environmental friendly and has a negligible interaction with exterior forces/objects.

35-38

Authors: Sunil J. Kulkarni1

Phenol removal from wastewater is very widely studied area of research. The practical approach for phenol removal by adsorption involves study of batch adsorption and more importantly the fixed bed operation. In the present study, various aspects of fixed bed adsorption for phenol have been discussed. The review of research carried out on this topic is presented. The phenol removal in fixed bed has been carried out by using adsorbents, biosorbents, aerobic and anaerobic biological mechanisms. In most of the investigations fixed bed adsorption was found to be satisfactory in terms of removal efficiency and time. The nature of break through curve was justified by using various models. The experimental data was in agreement with model results. In most of the cases, the equilibrium capacity increased with increase in influent concentration, bed height and decreased with increase in flow rate.

44-46

Authors: Jesna Jose1

Feature selection is a term commonly used in data mining to describe the tools and techniques available for reducing inputs to a manageable size for processing and analysis. Feature selection implies not only cardinality reduction, which means imposing an arbitrary or predefined cutoff on the number of attributes that can be considered when building a model, but also the choice of attributes, meaning that either the analyst or the modeling tool actively selects or discards attributes based on their usefulness for analysis. Feature selection is an effective technique for dimension reduction and an essential step in successful data mining applications. It is a research area of great practical significance and has been developed and evolved to answer the challenges due to data of increasingly high dimensionality. The objective of feature selection is three fold. Improving the prediction performance of the predictors, Providing faster and more cost effective prediction and providing a better understanding of the underlying process that generate the data. This paper is actually a survey on various techniques of feature selection and its advantages and disadvantages.

56-66

Authors: Sneha Patil1

The energy storage in an SMES is in the state of magnetic field within a superconductor coil. The magnetic field is formed by flowing DC current in the SMES. To ensure proper operation the temperature of SMES should be maintained below critical temperature. At this temperature the resistance of the coil is zero and hence there is no loss in stored energy. The ability of SMES to store energy is influenced by the current density. The energy is fed back to the grid by conversion of magnetic field into electrical energy. An SMES system has a superconductor, refrigerant, power conditioning unit and control unit. The storage of energy is achieved by continuous circulation of current inside the coil. Since the energy is not converted in any form other than electrical there are lesser losses in SMES configuration than any other storage mechanism. Thus the efficiency is very high. It inhibits very low cycling time and the number of charge discharge cycles is very high. The major drawbacks of this technology being very high initial cost as well as losses associated with auxiliaries. This paper covers various aspects of SMES configuration and its connection in power system.

72-77

Authors: Devi D1, Arun P S2

Cloud computing, which enables on demand network access to shared pool of resources is the latest trend in today’s IT industry. Among different services provided by cloud, cloud storage service allows the data owners to store and share their data through cloud and thus become free from the burden of storage management. But, since the owners lose physical control over their outsourced data, there arise many privacy and security concerns. A number of attribute based encryption schemes are proposed for providing confidentiality and access control to cloud data storage where the standard encryption schemes face difficulties. Among them, Hierarchical Attribute Set Based Encryption (HASBE) provides scalable, flexible and fine grained access control as well as easy user revocation. It is an extended form of Attribute Set Based Encryption (ASBE) with a hierarchical structure of users. Regarding integrity and availability, HASBE is not sufficient to provide the data owner with the ability to perform checking against missing or corruption of their outsourced data. So, this paper extends HASBE with privacy preserving public auditing concept which additionally allows owners to securely ensure the integrity of their data in the cloud. We are using homomorphic linear authenticator technique for this purpose.

84-88

Authors: Jirapure S.C1, Borade A. B2

Non ferrous alloys are the most versatile engineering materials. The combination of physical properties such as strength, ductility, conductivity, corrosion resistance and machinability makes these suitable for a wide range of applications. These properties can be further enhanced with variations in composition and manufacturing processes. Present paper gives a clear idea about various strengthening processes of non ferrous alloys and prepares it as per the need of the user.

96-104

Authors: Poorvi Jain1, Pramod Kumar Jain2

Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) temperature sensor is introduced in this paper which aims at developing the MOSFET as a temperature sensing element operating in sub-threshold region by using dimensional analysis and numerical optimization techniques A linear CMOS temperature to voltage converter is proposed which focuses on temperature measurement using the difference between the gate-source voltages of transistors that is proportional to absolute temperature with low power. This proposed CMOS temperature sensor is able to measure the temperature range from 0oC to 120oC . A comparative study is made between the temperature sensors based on their aspect ratio under the implementation of UMC 180nm CMOS process with single rail power supply of 600mV.

113-121

Authors: Alka Ravesh1, R.K.Malik2

For identifying the soil water retention function for its best fitting performance, the empirical retention functions of Brooks-Corey, Van Genuchten and theoretical Kosugi were parameterized for the clay loam and silt loam flood plain soils. The parameters using non-linear least- squares optimization technique as used in the RETC code were optimized and these were used in the Mualem’s statistical pore-size distribution-based unsaturated hydraulic conductivity models. It was observed that the log-normal function of Kosugi gave an excellent fitting performance having the highest co-efficient of determination and the lowest residual sum of squares. The physically-based Kosugi function was observed to be followed by empirical functions of Van Genuchten and Brooks-Corey in their fitting performances, respectively

129-135

Authors: Prashanth H S1, Prof. K S Ravi2, Dr G B Krishnappa3

Grid fins (lattice fins) are used as a lifting and control surface for highly maneuverable missiles in place of more conventional control surfaces, such as planar fins. Grid fins also find their applications for air-launched sub-munitions. The main advantages are its low hinge moment requirement and good high angle of attack performance characteristics. In this paper, one such grid fin configuration named G16 grid fin was taken for the CFD analysis. The G16 fin was studied under standalone condition at 0.7 & 2.5 Mach number for different Angle of attack (AOA) from 0 to 30◦ . The aerodynamic characteristics were plotted and discussed.

142-148

Authors: Shashank Kaithwas1, Pramod Kumar Jain2

This paper presents design concept of 16—bit Data processor. Design methodology has been changing from schematic to Hardware Descriptive Language (HDL) based design. Data processor has been proposed using Finite State Machine (FSM). The state machine designed for the Data Processor can be started from any state and can jump on any state in between. The key architecture elements of Data processor such as, Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), Control Unit and Data-path are being described. Functionalities are validated through synthesis and simulation process. Besides verifying the outputs, the timing diagram and interfacing signals are also track to ensure that they adhere to the design specification. The Verilog Hardware Descriptive Language gives access to every internal signal and designing Data Processor using this language fulfils the needs for different high performance applications.

159-167

Authors: Mohammad Ali Adelian,Narjes Nakhostin Maher, Farzaneh Soorani

the goal of this research is to evaluate alternative transmission systems from remote wind farms to the main grid using low-frequency AC technology. Low frequency means a frequency lower than nominal frequency (60/50Hz). The low-frequency AC network can be connected to the power grid at major substations via cyclo-converters that provide a low-cost interconnection and synchronization with the main grid. Cyclo-converter technology is utilized to minimize costs which result in systems of 20/16.66 Hz (for 60/50Hz systems respectively). Low frequency transmission has the potential to provide an attractive solution in terms of economics and technical merits. The optimal voltage level selection for transmission within the wind farm and up to the interconnection with the power grid is investigated. The proposed system is expected to have costs substantially lower than HVDC and conventional HVAC systems. The cost savings will come from the fact that cyclo-converters are used which are much lower in cost than HVDC. Other savings can come from optimizing the topology of the wind farms. Another advantage of the proposed topologies is that existing transformers designed for 60 Hz can be used for the proposed topologies (for example a 345kV/69 kV, 60Hz transformer can be used for a 115 kV/23kV, 20 Hz system). The results from this research indicate that the use of LFAC technology for transmission reduces the transmission power losses and the cost of the transmission system.

185-190

Authors: M. Mayilvaganan1, K. Rajeswari2

Fuzzy logic has proved in this paper, a medical fuzzy data is introduced in order to help users in providing accurate information when there is inaccuracy. Inaccuracy in data represents imprecise or vague values (like the words use in human conversation) or uncertainty in using the available information required for decision making handle the uncertainty of critical risk for human health. In this paper involved to diagnosis the health risk which is related to Blood Pressure, Pulse rate and Kidney function. The confusing nature of the symptoms makes it difficult for physicians using psychometric assessment tools alone to determine the risk of the disease. This paper describes research results in the development of a fuzzy driven system to determine the risk levels of health for the patients. The system is implemented and simulated using MATLAB fuzzy tool box.

198-208

Authors: Ajay Singh1, Anil yadav2, Dr. mukesh Sharma2

Mobile Ad Hoc Networking (MANET) is a group of independent network mobile devices that are connected over various wireless links. It is relatively working on a constrained bandwidth. The network topologies are dynamic and may vary from time to time. Each device must act as a router for transferring any traffic among each other. This network can operate by itself or incorporate into large area network (LAN). In this paper, we have analyzed various Random based mobility models: Random Waypoint model, Random Walk model, Random Direction model and Probabilistic Random Walk model using AODV,DSDV and ZRP protocols in Network Simulator (NS 2.35). The performance comparison of MANET mobility models have been analyzed by varying number of nodes, type of traffic (CBR, TCP) and maximum speed of nodes. The comparative conclusions are drawn on the basis of various performance metrics such as: Routing Overhead (packets), Packet Delivery Fraction (%), Normalized Routing Load, Average End-to-End Delay (milliseconds) and Packet Loss (%).

216-225

Authors: Anuradha Sharma1, Jyoti Sharma4, Dipesh Monga2, Ratul Aggarwal3

The goal of this document is to give description of how to use the “Mobile Security System (MSS)” (release 1.0). It gives complete information about functional and nonfunctional requirements of system Mobile security system is security software tocapture missing mobile phones or tablet pcs. The main purposes behind this project are to reduce some of the vulnerabilities in existing security systems, providing user friendly authentication mechanisms (for organizations’ resources such as domains, networks and so on) and location identification. This will be useful for business organizations and for individuals as well to keep track their mobile. For example the strategies, stability, configurations and etc. are can be considered as some of the confidential information. And it can also provide some management capabilities as well. The project is carried out within two phases.

232-239

Authors: S.B.Chavhan1

: In this paper a theory of distributional two-dimensional (2-D) canonical cosine is developed using Gelfand-Shilov technique and defined some operators on these spaces also the topological structure of some of the S-type spaces of distributional two dimensional canonical cosine transform.

254-265

Authors: Ruqia Bibi 1, Munazza Jannisar Khan1, Muhammad Nadeem Majeed1

The design quality holds a decisive influence on success of product. Our work is comprehensive study of software metrics to evaluate quality in the design phase which will be beneficial to find, repair design problems and saves large amount of potential expenditure. This paper evaluates employment of several design methods such as Robust Engineering Design, Failure Mode and Effect Analysis etc., to ensure quality and minimize variation. It has also figured the use of emerging technologies, new materials and the adoption of a simultaneous approach to design. It introduces a quality attribute driven perspective on software architecture reconstruction. It is essential to elect and follow architectures that full fill specific concerns or required properties with a certain degree of confidence, as architecture and design models together, signifies the functional behavior of the system.

281-288

Authors: Chirag Sharma1, Amit Sharma2, Pushpinder Sharma2

Our aim to investigate the SMAW joints by varying the concentration of Rutile (TiO2) in the flux composition on the various characteristics of metal cored coated electrodes for the purpose of developing efficient and better rutile electrodes for structural mild steel. In this work five rutile metal cored coated electrodes were prepared by increasing Rutile (TiO2), at the expense of cellulose and Si-bearing components like Mica and Calcite in the fluxes. Various mechanical properties like micro hardness, tensile properties and Impact toughness were measured and metallographic studies were undertaken. Qualitative measurements of operational properties like porosity, slag detachability and arc stability were also carried out.

298-301

Authors: Parth Bhavsar[1], Prof. Krunal Shah[2], Prof. Sankalp Bhatia[3]

The use of Composite material in aircraft industries is booming now-a days to grab the advantage of high strength to weight ratio. These materials are used to build main components of aircraft like fuselage, panels, rudder, and skins. It is unavoidable to provide different size, shaped cutouts in such components for different purpose i.e inspection, maintenance. The buckling behavior on composite plate with different shape, size and location of the cutouts have been explore by many researchers in last 2 decades. The presented review article is an attempt to summarize the issue of critically examine the current status, problems and opportunities to use of single ply composite in aircraft industries.

307-314

Authors: B Prasanthi1, P.Pushpalatha1

Design of low voltage double-tail Comparator with pre-amplifier and latching stage is reported in this paper. Design has specially concentrated on delay of both single tail comparator and double-tail comparator, which are called clocked regenerative comparator. Based on a new dynamic comparator is proposed, where the circuit of conventional double tail dynamic comparator is modified for low power and fast operation even in small supply voltages. Simulation results in 0.25µm CMOS technology confirm the analysis results. It is shown that proposed dynamic comparator both power consumption and delay time reduced. Both delay and power consumption can be reduced by adding two NMOS switches in the series manner to the existing comparator. The supply voltages of 1.5V while consuming 15µw in proposed comparator and 16 µw in existing comparator respectively.

323-336

Authors: Moh’d. I.M. Salah1

This studying aims to display on real time the affected roads of sun glares in advance or real time when traveling on the 3D national transportation networks, and present them on roads or navigations digital maps layers, by calculating the directions and azimuths of roads and Sun position and test if they were close enough or almost parallel in 3D model where the sun glare direct or indirect reflected the drivers eyes. The study would apply on cities that constructed on hilly or mountains areas were no absolutely flat areas found, have mid topographic surface and crowded with people and vehicles, and the roads had constructed on valleys, foothills and tops.

343-351

Authors: Arti Singh1, Kuldeep Bhardwaj2

In this paper power control techniques for code division multiple access (CDMA) system is presented. For CDMA system Power control is the most important system requirement. To function effectively, there is a need to control the power. If power control is not implemented many problems such as the near-far effect will start to dominate and consequently will lower the capacity of the CDMA system. However, when the power control in CDMA systems is applied, it allows multiple users to share resources of the system equally between themselves, leading to increased capacity. With appropriate power control, capacity of CDMA system is high in comparison to frequency division multiple access (FDMA) and time division multiple access (TDMA).For power control in CDMA system optimization algorithms i.e. genetic algorithm & particle swarm algorithm can be used which determines a suitable power vector [1], [2]. These power vector or power levels are determined at the base station and told to mobile units to adjust their transmitting power in accordance to these levels. So a detailed discussion about CDMA system power control is given here.

359-364

Authors: Abhishek Chaudhary1, Bhavana Chauhan 1, Gavendra Singh1, Monika Jain 1

-Degree of association or coupling of frequency spectra between the ECG (electrocardiogram) and EEG (electroencephalogram) signals at a particular frequency is presented in this paper. Degree of association or coupling of frequency spectra between two signals is called Coherence.ECG orelectrocardiogram and EEG or electroencephalogram are very important parameters when it comes to diagnosis and treatment of human heart and brain related problems. For this reason signal processing of such signals are most important. A continuous non-invasive, low cost and accurate monitoring of functioning of heart and brain have been proven to be invaluable in various diagnostics and clinical applications. In this paper coherence between simultaneously taken ECG signals and EEG signals of four different subjects is presented.The EEG signals acquired from the four different positions; the Frontal(F_(p_1 )-F_(p_2 )), Central(C_3-C_4), Parietal(P_3-P_4) and Occipital (O_1-O_2) Brain Regions. Coherence is analysed by obtaining magnitude squared coherence parameters at a certain frequency band (Very Low, Low and High) using Welch method of Power Spectrum Estimation.

369-375

Authors: A. P. Bhat1, S.J. Dhoble3, K. G. Rewatkar2

— Improve the performance of remotely situated device control and data monitoring, acquisition with parameter such as temperature, pressure, vibration, humidity on real time basis give the data modularity as well as low data processing time. The infrastructure of the existing RF network is used, which is based on supervisory control, monitoring and data acquisition demands constant development and applicability in research. Versatile and highly accurate data acquisition system is investigated. In the present work, an embedded data acquisition system at operating frequency of 16 MHz is designed around the Atmega-16A microcontroller. The application of RF and microcontroller infrastructure is proposed. Wireless data acquisition deals with the creation of an inexpensive, adaptable and easy to use data acquisition within a network. The wireless data acquisition system, which is setup the temperature, pressure and vibration monetring system with the precision readout, is designed using locally available electronics component. The necessary control have been dumped or embedded as software in the microcontroller to add the intelligence to the data accusation system sufficiently recorded from remote location and store in personal computer memory using hyper terminal utility. The designed system is compact, stand-alone, reliable, accurate and portable with on-board display of the acquired the data from remote place or system under observation. The properly designed Data Acquisition system saves time and money by eliminating the need of service personal to visit each site for inspection, data collection logging or make adjustments.

386-391

Authors: Rupinder Kaur1, Sahil Vashist 2

With the emergence of cloud computing, on-demand resources usage is made possible. This allows applications to scale out elastically according to the load. In this work we have tried to maximize the cloud profit and efficiency by efficient placement of virtual machines. The target of this algorithm is to maximize the service providers in the case of current resources are not enough to process all the requests in time. In this strategy, the requests are ranked according to the profits they can bring. Simulation results show the efficiency of our framework.

398-405

Authors: Arpitha G R1, Sanjay M R1, L Laxmana Naik1, B Yogesha 1

- Development of the Polymer Composites with natural fibers and fillers as a sustainable alternative material for some engineering applications, particularly in aerospace applications and automobile applications are being investigated. Natural fiber composites such as sisal, jute, hemp and coir polymer composites appear more attractive due to their higher specific strength, lightweight and biodegradability and low cost. In this study, sisal/glass/Sic fiber reinforced epoxy composites are prepared and their mechanical properties such as tensile strength, flexural strength and impact strength are evaluated. Composites of silicon carbide filler (without filler, 3, 6 & 9Wt %) sisal fiber and glass fiber are investigated and results show that the composites without filler better results compared to the composites with silicon carbide filler.

413-424

Authors: M.H.Khedra,d, M.I.Nasrb, K.S.Abdel Halimb, A.A.Farghalia,d, N.K.Solimanc*

Nanosized CuO-CeO2, CuO-Fe2O3, CuO-CeO2-Al2O3 and CuO-Fe2O3-CeO2-Al2O3 were prepared by co-precipitation and wet impregnation techniques and were used for Catalytic decomposition of acetylene to produce carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Weight gain technique was used to follow up the catalytic reactions. The results revealed that catalyst chemical composition, catalytic temperature, acetylene flow rate and catalyst’s weight have a significant effect on the acetylene conversion percent. It was found that maximum acetylene conversion percent occurs over CuO-CeO2-Fe2O3-Al2O3 and CuO-Fe2O3 and it increase by increasing, temperature from 400-600oC, decreasing acetylene flow rate from 150-50 ml/min and increasing catalyst weight from 0.25-1g. With further increase in catalyst weight, acetylene conversion% decrease. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) image shows that some of catalyst particles are observed at the tips of CNTs indicating that its formation proceeds by tip growth mechanism. ` The prepared samples and CNTs were characterized by X-ray diffraction, inductive coupled plasma – atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), surface area apparatus, Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and SEM.

429-432

Authors: Kumari Priyanka Sinha 1, Praveen Kumar1

In this paper a literature survey on web image mining is presented. Web image mining is a technique of searching ,retrieving and accessing the data from an image, There are two type of web image mining techniques i.e. Text based web image mining and image based web image mining. The objective of this paper is to present tools and technique which are used in past and current evaluation. We are also going to showa chart for comparison between all past available techniques and we will show a summarize report for overall development in web image mining.

441-455

Authors: Emmy LEMA 1, Revocatus MACHUNDA 1, Karoli Nicholas NJAU1

The presence of agrochemicals waste water from agricultural fields poses major environmental and human health problems which may be solved by phytoremediation technologies. Phytoremediation is the use of plants to remediate contaminants in the environment. Batch experiments were conducted to evaluate the influence of four aquatic macrophytes (Cyperus papyrus, Typha latifolia, Cyperus alternifolius and Phragmites mauritianus) towards phytoremediation of agrochemicals from simulated wastewater in Arusha, Tanzania. The selected agrochemicals belonged to different categories namely heavy metal based (Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) and pesticides (L-Cyhalothrin, Endosulfan and Permethrin). The change in mean concentration of the agrochemicals was described by first-order reaction kinetics. The results indicated that the removal rate constants were greater for the batch experiments planted with the macrophytes than for the control group. Furthermore, the rate of removal varied between the treatments for the different categories of agrochemicals. As far as heavy metals are concerned, Cyperus papyrus had a greater removal Cu and Fe with the k values of 0.338 d-1 and 0.168 d-1 respectively and Typha latifolia had a greater removal of Mn and Zinc with k values 0.420 d-1 and 0.442 d-1 respectively. On the other hand, the pesticides endosulfan and permethrin were greatly removed by Cyperus papyrus with k values 0.086 d-1 and 0.114 d-1 respectively. Lastly, L-Cyhalothrin was removed greatly by Typha latifolia with k value of 0.116 d-1. Generally, the results demonstrated that aquatic macrophytes can influence the reduction of agrochemicals in wastewater.

471-483

Authors: I N. Keerthikaa MCA., II K. Devika M.Sc., MCA., M.Phil.,

Ad hoc Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) promise exciting new applications in the near future, such as ubiquitous on-demand computing power, continuous connectivity, and instantly deployable communication for military and first responders. Such networks already monitor environmental conditions, factory performance, and troop deployment, to name a few applications. As WSNs become more and more crucial to the everyday functioning of people and organizations, availability faults become less tolerable—lack of availability can make the difference between businesses as usual and lost productivity. Ad hoc low-power wireless networks are an exciting research direction in sensing computing. Prior security work in this area has focused primarily on denial of communication at the routing or medium access control levels. This paper explores resource depletion attacks at the routing protocol layer, which permanently disable networks by quickly draining nodes’ battery power. These “Vampire” attacks are not specific to any specific protocol, but rather rely on the properties of many popular classes of routing protocols. It is found that all examined protocols are susceptible to Vampire attacks, which are devastating, difficult to detect, and are easy to carry out using as few as one malicious insider sending only protocol-compliant messages. Carousel attack and Stretch attack are the possible scenarios occurred. To avoid such attacks attestation based forwarding scheme and loose source routing is proposed. The thesis proposes the concepts using Content and Presence Multicast Protocol (CPMP) using the FPD (Future Peak Detection) and RFPD (Randomized Future Peak Detection) algorithms which nodes use to send updates to their neighbors. The updates contain the relative time of their sender’s next transmission. To address the energy efficiency problem the algorithms propose by synchronizing the transmission times of all the nodes in the system. Transmission synchronization presents energy saving opportunities through dynamic power management of the network interface. That is, nodes can switch off their wireless interfaces between transmissions. However, in uncontrolled ad hoc environments, a single malicious user can easily disrupt network stability and synchronization, affecting either the nodes’ power savings or their ability to receive updates from their neighbors.

497-505

Authors: Sunil Choudhary1, A.C. Tiwari2, Ajay Vardhan3, Arvind Kaushal4

This country is amongst the tropical countries where the deviation in the temperature is having very vast range. Looking in to this vast varying temperature range it is very difficult to say that which temperature is best suited for operating condition of engines and gives us best performance level as for as Thermal efficiency and brake power is concerned. In this work it tried to investigate the best option to run the S.I. engine. The development of engines with its complexity of in-cylinder processes requires modern development tools to exploit the full potential in order to reduce fuel consumption. A three cylinder, four stroke, petrol carburetor Maruti 800 engine connected to eddy current type dynamometer for loading was adopted to study engine power. The performance results that are reported include brake power and specific fuel consumption (sfc) as a function of engine temperature; i.e. 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90°C with varying engine speed of 1500, 1800, 2100 and 2400 rpm. The effect of increasing the temperature can have the multiple advantage of reducing the specific fuel consumption while on the other hand low head temperature will have good impact in reducing the thermal stress of the top portion, reduction in chance of knocking & pre-ignition, increase in the volumetric efficiency. It is indisputable conclusion that lower speed engines and large capacity engines, which are usually of low speed design, more efficient than high speed engines.

511-534

Authors: Gegbe B, Gbenjeh M.M

Njala University as a higher institution of learning remains to be on top of academic challenges in the educational processes in Sierra Leone. And for the past five years, information technology is being offered at various disciplines. One needs to know the impact of such programmes on students. So what is likely the impact of information technology on Njala University? The targeted population for the study comprises student in the Njala University. Priority was placed on student in the school of technology and schools that offered courses or programs that deals with information technology. Out of the targeted population, one hundred and fifty students were randomly selected and interviewed from Njala and Bo campuses. Forty five percent (45%) of the students agreed that they normally bring laptop to class while fifty five percent (55%) did not agree. Eleven percent (11%) of the students were unskilled in Microsoft Word, fifty nine percent (59%) were skilled and thirty percent (30) were very skilled respectively. Sixty four percent (64%) were skilled in Microsoft Excel and thirty six percent (30%) were very skilled respectively.. Fifty six percent (56%) of the students were skilled in the use of Firewalls, Antivirus Software while forty eighty percent (48%) were very skilled in the use Firewalls & Antivirus Software. Nearly fifty percent (50%) of the students each week in Njala University spent 1 to 2 hours on classroom activities and studying using electronic device; seventeen percent (17%) 3 to 5 hours; one percent (1%), 11 to 15 hours and three percent (3%) 16 to 20 hours respectively. On library resource to complete a course assignment thirty one percent (31%) spent 1 to 2 hours each week; nineteen percent (19%) 3 to 5 hours; thirty five (35%) 6 to 10 hours; four percent (4%); 11 to 15 hours and four percent(4)% 16 to 20 hours respectively.

544-548

Authors: AL-TimimiZahra,a

— In this work, we have a tendency to study lymphocyte cells survive before irradiated with a yellow laser (578nm) , and its protecting of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage once being irradiated with ultraviolet radiation (UVB-320nm) to activate DNA damage. Total range of blood samples (200) is collected from healthy donors. Donor blood volume varied from 5ml to 7ml in heparin tubes. Samples dole out to check the radiation effect on cell viability by using the trypan blue exclusion. The experiments implemented during 1, 24, 48 and 72 hours prior UVB to achieve the repair development.DNA gel electrophoresis technique is performed on samples to check the effect of radiation on the separating DNA molecules of varying sizes extending. The results show a decrease of separating or breaking of DNA manifest on gel electrophoresis experiments as a result of the smear length is reduced significantly for UVB, alternative results for cell viability tests showed that yellow laser ought to increase the survival of cells before irradiated with UVB demonstrating (91%, 87% , 80% , and 71%) amelioration.Improvement of lymphocyte survival by yellow laser can be attributed to the induction of endogenous radiation protection and doubtless enzymes elicited by laser irradiation that may be scaled back the free radical either by scavenging concern or by improved cell repair, we have a tendency to may conclude that yellow irradiation shall shield cells from radiation damage.Abstract must be of Time New Roman Front of size 10 and must be justified alignment.

557-565

Authors: Alka Sachdeva 1, Ameeta2, Babita3

A Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a continuously self configuring infrastructure-less network of mobile devices connected without wires.MANETS are extensively used these days for communication and there are various communication networks with different standards and computing techniques, different Zone Routing Protocol by varying transmission range and mobility of MANETS are used. As days are passing by the size of MANETS is increasing day by day and its expansion is inevitable due to its high penetration and popularity for the usage of mobile application but at the same time it is also prone to many attacks and network failure due to technical vulnerability of the network. This paper discussed the detection and isolation of genuine node from the main network under DOS attack using Watchdog approach. Therefore we need a mechanism which would need to overcome such scenarios. Simulation results shows better results for packet loss ratio, throughput, packet delivery ratio and other parameters by detecting malicious for proper and smooth functioning of MANETS.

572-579

Authors: Chandra shekhar kotikalapudi, Smt. P. Pushpalatha,

In this paper, we have proposed a power efficient design of a 4-bit up-down Johnson counter by using Dual Dynamic Node Pulsed Flip-flop(DDFF) featuring efficient embedded logic module(DDFF-ELM) and then clock gating is incorporated in order to reduce the power dissipation further. The proposed design employs a DDFF which mainly reduces the power consumption by eliminating the large capacitance present in the pre-charge node of several existing flip-flop designs by separately driving the output pull-up and pull-down transistors by following a split dynamic node structure. This reduces the power up to 40% compared to conventional architectures of the flip-flops. Then the Embedded logic module is an efficient method to incorporate complex logic functions into the flip-flop. Clock gating is applied to reduce the power consumption up to 50% due to unnecessary clock activities.

592-602

Authors: K. Decika1, M. Mohanraj2

In this paper, the A Novel Biometric System based on Lips for identity recognition is investigated. In fact, it is a challenging issue for identity recognition solely by the lips. In the first stage of the proposed system, a fast box filtering is proposed to generate a noise-free source with high processing efficiency. Afterward, five various mouth corners are detected through the proposed system, in which it is also able to resist shadow, beard, and rotation problems. For the feature extraction, two geometric ratios and ten parabolic-related parameters are adopted for further recognition through the support vector machine.

616-621

Authors: Sakshi Dhuware 1, Mohammed Arif2

Proposed paper deals with well-defined design criteria of rail to rail operational transconductance amplifiers. The system supply voltage is 1.6 V and the power consumption goes up to 15.03uW. The proposed amplifier was implemented in a 45nm-CMOS technology. Simulation results of proposed OTA achieves high 76.6 dB DC gain and slew rate 200 (V/us) with, 87.67dB PSRR and 82.66 dB CMMR.

628-640

Authors: Ashish D Vikhar 1, Dr.D.S.Deshmukh2 Dr. J.P.Modak 3

The term model is to refer to the ensemble of equations which describe and interrelate the variables and parameters of a physical system or process. The term field data based mathematical modeling in turn refers to the derivation of appropriate equations that are solved for a set or system of process variables and parameters. These solutions are often referred to as simulations, i.e., they simulate or reproduce the behavior of physical systems and processes. This paper is organized to summarize a number of field data based mathematical modeling case studies and revises state of the art and its literature review.

648-669

Authors: A. Abdel-Khaliq1*, H. M. Hassan2, Mostafa E. Rateb2, Ola. Hammouda4

Members of the class Ulvophyceae such as Ulva fasciata Delile,Ulva intestinalis Linnaeus and Ulva lactuca Linnaeus were collected from tidal and intertidal zone of Mediterranean sea shores during April 2011 and extracted in ethanol. The total summation of the recorded total protein increase in the order: Ulva fasciata < Ulva intestinalis < Ulva lactuca, with percentage; 28.7, 27 and 17.6%, respectively. The total summation of the recorded total carbohydrate increase in the order: Ulva lactuca < Ulva intestinalis < Ulva fasciata, with percentage; 55.6, 49.63 and 47.93%, respectively. The total summation of the recorded total ash increase in the order:Ulva lactuca < Ulva fasciata < Ulva intestinalis with percentage; 17.6, 17 and 14.6 %, respectively. The total summation of the recorded total moisture increase in the order: Ulva intestinalis < Ulva fasciata < Ulva lactuca, with percentage; 9.93, 9.28 and 8.50% respectively. The total summation of the recorded total crude fat increase in the order Ulva lactuca < Ulva fasciata < Ulva intestinalis, with percentage; 0.7, 0.60 and 0.54 % respectively. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of carbohydrates and/or glycosides, sterols and/or triterpenes and traces of tannins in all marine algae under investigation, the presence of both free flavonoids and/or combined flavonoids in all marine algae under investigation, Saponins are absent in all Ulva sp. under investigation, Cardiac glycosides, anthraquinones and alkaloids are absent in all Ulva species under investigation and volatile substances are also absent. Antimicrobial activity of Ulva sp. was tested against (10 Gram +ve bacteria, 10 Gram –ve bacteria and 10 unicellular Filamentous fungi). The antimicrobial activities were expressed as zone of inhibition and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Identification of compounds from crude extract of Ulva sp. carried by LC/MS technique. Finally Ulva sp. could serves as useful source of new antimicrobial agents.

675-680

Authors: R. Pragaladan1, R. Maheswari2

Cloud computing is the latest distributed computing paradigm [1], [2] and it offers tremendous opportunities to solve large-scale scientific problems. However, it presents various challenges that need to be addressed in order to be efficiently utilized for workflow applications. Although the workflow scheduling problem has been widely studied, there are very few initiatives tailored for cloud environments. Furthermore, the existing works fail to either meet the user’s quality of service (QoS) requirements or to incorporate some basic principles of cloud computing such as the elasticity and heterogeneity of the computing resources. In this paper proposes a resource provisioning and scheduling strategy for scientific workflows on Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) clouds. The proposed system presents an algorithm based on the particle swarm optimization (PSO), which aims to minimize the overall workflow execution cost while meeting deadline constraints.

690-698

Authors: Krushna Pandit, Savyasaachi Pandit

Blog-spam is one of the major problems of the Internet nowadays. Since the history of the internet the spam are considered a huge threat to the security and reliability of web content. The spam is the unsolicited messages sent for the fulfillment of the sender’s purpose and to harm the privacy of user, site owner and/or to steal available resource over the internet (may be or may not be allocated to).For dealing with spam there are so many methodologies available. Nowadays the blog spamming is a rising threat to safety, reliability, & purity of the published internet content. Since the search engines are using certain specific algorithms for creating the searching page-index/rank for the websites (i.e. google-analytics), it has attracted so many attention to spam the SMS(Social Media Sites) for gaining rank in order to increase the company’s popularity. The available solutions to malicious content detection are quite a more to be used very frequently in order to fulfill the requirement of analyzing all the web content in certain time with least possible “false positives”. For this purpose a site level algorithm is needed so that it can be easy, cheap & understandable (for site modifiers) to filter and monitor the content being published. Now for that we use a “Bayes Theorem” of the “Statistical approach”.

707-721

Authors: I V.Priya., II S.Nivas

this paper describes the basic idea about the different methods of data collection in WSN. In many applications of wireless sensor networks, approximate data collection is a wise choice due to the constraints in communication bandwidth and energy budget. Many existing techniques have power to manage with the issues like energy consumption, packet collision, retransmission, delay etc. For quick data collection, schemes are required to be scheduled in effective manner. One of the good techniques is BFS. It provides periodic query scheduling for data aggregation with minimum delay under various wireless interference models. Given a set of periodic aggregation queries, each query has its own period pi and the subset of source nodes Si containing the data. Time scheduling on a single frequency channel with the aim of minimizing the number of time slots required (schedule length) to complete a convergecast is considered. Next, scheduling with transmission power control is combined to mitigate the effects of interference, and show that while power control helps in reducing the schedule length under a single frequency, scheduling transmissions using multiple frequencies is more efficient. Lower bounds on the schedule length are given when interference is completely eliminated, and propose algorithms that achieve these bounds. Then, the data collection rate no longer remains limited by interference but by the topology of the routing tree.

737-755

Authors: I B.Nithya M.sc., II K. Devika M.Sc., MCA., M.Phil.,

The advancement in computing and communication technologies enables people to get together and share information in innovative ways. Social networking sites empower people of different ages and backgrounds with new forms of collaboration, communication, and collective intelligence. This project presents Forum Crawler Under Supervision (FoCUS), a supervised web-scale forum crawler. The goal of FoCUS is to crawl relevant forum content from the web with minimal overhead. Forum threads contain information content that is the target of forum crawlers. Although forums have different layouts or styles and are powered by different forum software packages, they always have similar implicit navigation paths connected by specific URL types to lead users from entry pages to thread pages. Based on this observation, the web forum crawling problem is reduced to a URL-type recognition problem and classifies them as Index Page, Thread Page and Page-Flipping page. In addition, this project studies how networks in social media can help predict some human behaviors and individual preferences

768-775

Authors: M. Vinay Kumar1, Sri P. MadhuKiran2

The main objective of this paper is to improve the image quality by de-noising and resolution enhancement Techniques. The medical image quality parameters are mainly noise and resolution. This paper targets the average, median and wiener filters for image denoising and Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Dual tree Complex Wavelet Transform (DT-CWT) techniques for resolution enhancement, and it shows the results comparisons between DWT and DT-CWT. The performance of these techniques is evaluated using Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR).