International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science

23-32

Authors: Ralph Gur Montview1, Chandra S. Putcha2, Ramakrishna R. Tadi3

This paper is a study of the public transit systems. It includes an analysis of various regional transportation modes and arrives at optimal number of commuters patterns. The main focus is on the study of public transit systems issues in a medium size metropolitan environment. The thrust of this paper however is the establishment of criteria for public transportation needs of today and for the foreseeable future. While the final routes arrived are optimal, instead of using traditional optimization tools, an innovative approach in planning and organizing commuter travel using surveys is explained first and then the concept of TRUNK-BRANCH in public transit usage is presented in detail using a hypothetical example. Multi-modal approach is presented as possible solution to public transit. This paper delineates an approach in planning a public transit system that can be introduced in a small to medium scale environment. Attempts are made to address issues in public transportation in urban areas of any magnitude, from an average town, county partial system, to the ‘one-line’ origin-destination system.

38-55

Authors: wapnil Athavale1 ,Mona Deshmukh2

As computers become more pervasive in society, facilitating natural human–computer interaction (HCI) will have a positive impact on their use. Hence, there has been growing interest in the development of new approaches and technologies for bridging the human–computer barrier. The ultimate aim is to bring HCI to a regime where interactions with computers will be as natural as an interaction between humans, and to this end, incorporating gestures in HCI is an important research area. Gestures have long been considered as an interaction technique that can potentially deliver more natural, creative and intuitive methods for communicating with our computers. The use of hand gestures as a natural interface serves as a motivating force for research in gesture taxonomies. Gesture recognition is done in three main phases i.e. detection, tracking and recognition. The main goal of this study is to provide researchers in the field of gesture based HCI with a summary of progress achieved to date and to help identify areas where further research is needed.

67-77

Authors: Vandana S. Bhat1,Dr. J.D. Pujari2, Bhavana1

For a human vision system performing the process of face detection is an easy task compared to an intelligent machine. This paper contains a system for human Face detection by combining various skin color models. It’s an amalgamation of three diverse skin color models specifically the RGB, YCbCr and HSV. A hybrid Skin color model has been proposed for varying illumination conditions. The main objective for using is to overcome the problem of illumination conditions availability in an arbitrary image. Skin detection can be defined as the process of finding skin-colored pixels and regions in a given image. Skin detectors classically transform a given pixel into an appropriate color space and the classification is used to label whether it is a skin or non-skin pixel. The extraction of skin region is carried out using a set of bounding rules based on skin color distribution. Later the segmented face regions are classified using combination of morphological operations. Experimental results on the benchmark face databases such as FERET and the acquired images showed that the proposed model is able to achieve an accurate detection for near-frontal face orientation and skin color.

96-101

Authors: Arunraj R1, Vishnu Narayanan P M1

An Energy Efficient Feedthrough Logic (EE-FTL) is proposed in this paper to reduce the power consumption for low power applications. The EE-FTL is well suited to arithmetic circuits where the critical path is made of a large cascade of inverting gates. It has a unique characteristic where the output is pre-evaluated before the inputs from the preceding stage are ready. The proposed logic style requires low power when compare to the existing feedthrough logic (FTL). The proposed circuit is simulated and a comparison analysis has been carried out using 90-nm, 1.2V CMOS process technology. A CMOS Full Adder is designed by the energy efficient feedthrough logic and the simulation result in MicroWind environment shows that the proposed logic reduces the power consumption by 77%, 70% and 36% over FTL, Low Power FTL (LP-FTL) and Constant Delay Logic (CDL), respectively. The problem of requirement of inverter as in dynamic logic is completely eliminated in the proposed logic.

108-111

Authors: Namita Kumari1, Surendra Kr. Prasad2

Antibiotics are organic substance which check the the growth of fungus . During the study for the influence of antibiotic on the growth of fungi -10 gms of each antibiotics were added to 50 ml of Sabourd dextrose (SD ) liquid media . Later on they inoculated with fungus and incubated at 25±1°c for 15 days .After 15 days grown fungal were measured .

118-125

Authors: M. Hareesh Babu1,B.Benarji2, M. Bala Naga Bhushanamu3, Prof. M. Purnachandra Rao4

The Paper “ 2 KHz Successive Acoustic Pulse Signal Generation with different Phases for SODAR system using PC Sound card and MATLAB Graphical User Interface” is extension work for the paper title “2 KHz Mono Pulse Acoustic Signal Generation for SODAR Application using PC Sound card and MATLAB graphical user interface”. In previous paper the work has carried out with generating an Acoustic signal with specified frequency with some span of delay. This acoustic signal has propagated in one direction into the atmosphere. Here in this paper the work has carried out for generating the acoustic signal with some phase difference, which cause the change in the direction of the signal propagation. Here the generated signal has in time delay and for each time delay phase of the signal has changes in between 45, 90, 135 degrees, to obtain three directions in propagation signal as shown in the Fig 1.The SODAR (Sound Detection And Ranging) is an instrument that to measure the wind profile in the lower atmosphere of the earth. The volume measurement of the wind profile by remote sensing device, like SODAR have a great advantage compared to point measurements in a one height. In SODAR, acoustic pulses are sent vertically and at a small angle to the vertical. A thus transmitted sound pulse is scattered by the fluctuations and gradients as well as wind shear. There are five basic parameters that determine how the SODAR sends the beam. These are Transmit Frequency (FT), Transmit Power (PT), Pulse Length (τ), Rise Time (βτ) and Time between pulses (T). There are two further parameters, namely “Tilt angle” and “Half beam width”, which describes the beams of the antenna, but cannot be controlled by the software like MATLAB. MATLAB is a high-level language and interactive environment for computations, visualizations and programming. This language tool, and built-in mathematical functions will enable you to explore multiple approaches and reach a solution faster than with spreadsheets or traditional programming languages, such as C or C++ or VC++. Among the five basic parameters mentioned above, Transmit Frequency (FT), Pulse Length (τ) and Time between pulses (T) are controlled by designing the Graphical User Interface (GUI) of MATLAB. GUIs also known as graphical user interfaces or UIs provide point-and-click control of software applications, eliminating the need to learn a language or type commands in order to run the application.Thus using this GUI, user desired values of a SODAR beam can be generated. This paper is divided into four different layers such as user layer, application layer, operating system layer, and Hardware / Physical layer. The user layer gives the input to the application layer by mouse click or inputs through GUI icons. The application layer performs the signal processing such as parameter determination and further communicates with the operating system layer. The operating system layer acts as a bridge between hardware layer and application layer. Finally the Hardware / Physical layer takes care of commands executions, which are given by operating system layer. The advantage with this design of GUI replaces the ancient analog system using for beam generation.

147-151

Authors: Geetha B G1, Gokul K1, Nikhila1, Buvaneswari R1

The growth of technology is increasing day by day to fulfill needs of the humans. The proposed system is implemented to make human work easier. Anti-Vehicle Theft Using Number Plate Recognition in Cloud is an image processing technology with cloud computing environment which uses number plate to identify the theft vehicle. The objective is to design an efficient automatic theft vehicle identification system by using the vehicle number plate. The system is implemented on the public places like check post, toll gate and police checking. The proposed algorithm consists of four major parts: Vehicle identification,Extraction of number plate region, Recognition of plate characters and compare with cloud database.Moving object detecting algorithm is used for vehicle identification. For extracting the number plate Smearing algorithm and segmentation are used. The characters and numbers are recognized by using OCR technique. The extraction result is then used to compare with the database so as to come up with the specific information like the Vehicle’s owner name and address, place of registration, vehicle’s number and RC book details. The developed project is going to be implemented and simulated in Mat lab, and its performance is testing on a real image.

159-171

Authors: Sumit P.Raut1, Laukik P.Raut2

The various methodology used for failure analysis of the shaft used in different application by various authors are reviewed in this paper. This paper presents the comparison of the different methodology used, their application and limitation by various authors. The objective of present work is to study the various methodologies used for the shaft failure analysis and to choose best methodology suitable for the failure analysis of shaft used in gear box which is mounted on the overhead crane to prevent repetitive failure. Shaft failure leads to heavy loss due to stoppage and repairing cost associate with the breakdown.

182-188

Authors: Prabhat Kumar Singh1, Diljeet Singh Chundawat1, Roopesh Kumar1

This paper presents a novel method to send SMS through mobile at the remote host on a mobile service as well for internet host. The method is based on the reliability of the software en-corporate. The system uses a specified code, which is being used to access a data base system. The data residing the code will be immediately resend to the user regarding which the request had been send. The utility of the work enhances from the educational system to the various business unit. The software is being created in the J2ME.

197-204

Authors: N. Hemalatha1

Image deblurring and denoising are the fundamental problems generally arise in the field of image processing with several applications. This paper presents both areas of image restoration. Image deblurring and denoising methods are most commonly designed for removal of both impulsive noise and Gaussian noise. Impulsive noise is a most common noise which affects the image quality during image acquisition, transmission, reception or storage and retrieval process in the area of image denoising. Impulsive noise can be categories into two i.e., Salt and Pepper Noise and Random Valued Impulsive Noise. Image deblurring methods are most commonly designed for Gaussian noise. The proposed work concentrates on removal of both Impulsive noise and Gaussian noise from images. Removal of impulsive noise is carried out using a non-linear filter that involves two phases, i.e. detecting the noise and also followed by filtering. Hence we proposed an efficient filter method for suppressing the noise in an image. The numerical results will confirm that proposed methods yields the better performance, in the terms of PSNR (Peak Signal to Noise Ratio).

214-222

Authors: Abdurrhman.A.Al roqi1, Dr. Weiji Wang2

This papers focuses on the calculations to understand the torque required to spin the wheel of an airplane before it touches the runway. This measure is part of a proposed solution that is expected to eliminate the smoke generated by the airplane as it lands. The landing smoke is the result of high velocity difference between the landing gear wheels and the runway. Therefore, a slip occurs and causes serve grinding between the tyre and the runway where the tyre happens to be the softer surface. The calculations are based on the assumption that there is a turbine is installed on the side of the wheel.

230-234

Authors: Anusaya M. salwe1, Shubham S.Pande1, Juned S.Khan1 M. salwe1, Shubham S.Pande1, Juned S.Khan1

Fluidized bed Heat exchangers are important inmany industrial applications. Understanding how a fluidized bed as a multiphase flow system operates will improve its capabilities and operations. Minimum fluidization velocity and local gas holdup are important parameters used to characterize the hydrodynamic behavior of a material inside the fluidized bed. Fluidization is the phenomenon of imparting the properties of a fluid to a bed of particulate solids by passing atmospheric air through the material. Fluidized beds are reactors in which fluidization of particulate solids takes place. Fluidized beds are an important asset in many industrial processes because they present several advantages that include a high rate of heat and mass transfer, low pressure drops, and uniform temperature distribution. Experiments have been carried out in a setup i.e. in a fluidized bed heat exchanger, to find out the Heat transfer coefficient between different silica sand particles and in different velocities of air. The whole sand bed is heated by cartage heater. An experiment is performed with three different sand particles with different diameter and ten different gas velocities. The bed particles are chosen by taking Geldart’s criteria. Silica sand particles are of diameter 300-450μm, 425-650μm and 600-850μm. Fluidization is carried out by using air having normal temperature. It was found in literature survey that Higher rate of heat transfer is obtained by increasing the flow rate and by decreasing the size of the particle. The experimental results showed that the Heat transfer coefficient is increased with increasing the air velocity. It is also found that the Heat transfer decrease by increasing the particle size for Geldart B group particles.

245-254

Authors: Manjusha Kulkarni1, Pragati Thakur2

The textile industry consumes considerable amounts of water during the dying and finishing operations. Dyes extensively used are found to be toxic and considered to be resistant to biodegradation. In this work a detailed investigation of heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation of Navy blue HE2R 1 (NB), azo dye of reactive class is presented using UV/P-25TiO2/ZnO2/H2O2 process in aqueous suspension under 8W low-pressure mercury vapor lamp irradiation by using Semiconductor metal oxide nano particles. Here we also report the optimization of various experimental parameters such as effect of catalyst concentration, effect of substrate concentration, effect of addition of H2O2. The obtained results show that the employment of UV/P-25TiO2/ZnO2/H2O2 process and selection of optional operational parameters lead to complete decolorization and substantial mineralization of Navy blue HE2R 1 (NB) dye which is supported by showing decreases in Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Total Organic Carbon (TOC) of the dye solution.