International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science

6-14

Authors: Adrian Udenze

A scheduling based Media Access Control (MAC) protocol named Transmitter Initiated Scheduling (TIS) is presented. TIS maintains multiple schedules tailored to traffic events per communication link resulting in increased performance compared to scheduling strategies with a single schedule for all communication links. TIS is formulated as a queuing system where packets arriving at a node are serviced depending on the node’s state. The reward structure for TIS maps directly to network optimisation objectives, namely, minimising average energy consumption subject to average queue lengths. The theoretical framework for TIS is a continuous time Semi Markov Decision Process as opposed to the more frequently used Discrete Time Markov Decision Process. This allows nodes to have multiple sleep states with no fixed frame lengths significantly reducing packet collisions. TIS is suitable for both environments with memory-less event occurrence as well as systems with memory. Simulation results show that TIS offers significant energy savings compared to RL-MAC, a state of the art MAC, for a given delay constraint.

15-20

Authors: Dr. Geraldin B. Dela Cruz

Old and obsolete computers are valuable sources of raw materials and computational processing power, if used properly. Otherwise these are just garbage and possible sources of toxins that are sent to landfills or incinerated. This paper focuses on the concept of 3R (Reduce, Recycle and Reuse). The objective is to create a network router that can be used to service a small network of computers. Using open source software and two salvaged defective computers, replacing and removing some parts of the computer to create a prototype personal computer network router. In the deployment and testing period, there were problems encountered. These were addressed, by adding and replacing memory and network cards and rewriting/reconfiguring the software. In consideration to the power consumption of the prototype, the hard drive was replaced with a compact flash card. The experiment gave positive results in its performance and is comparable with a more expensive similar device. Further, performance was found to be directly proportional to the memory size of the network router. This proves that old and obsolete computers can be maximized in terms of utilization. Based on the results, the prototype may be considered an alternative router device for a small network, considering its cost, power consumption, availability and simplicity. It is recommended that similar studies be made considering a larger network and different hardware configurations.

21-25

Authors: M.A. Jafarov, E.F. Nasirov, S.A.Jahangirova, R.Jafarli

– In this work, we report some preliminary results concerning the fabrication of quaternary semiconductor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films on a flexible substrate through the simultaneous electrodeposition of elements having different standard electrochemical potentials. CZTS thin films were obtained by deposition from aqueous baths at room temperature and varying bath composition. Chemical composition and structure of the electrodeposited films were evaluated by SEM and XRD. Preliminary results on the photoelectrochemical behaviour of the films will be also presented. We obtain ZnS thin films with good physical properties, these samples can be used as window material in ZnS/CZTS solar cells to improve the photovoltaic efficiency.

26-34

Authors: Ufoaroh S.U ,1 Oranugo C.O, 2 Uchechukwu M.E 3

Health related issues and parameters are of utmost importance to man, and is essential to his existence and influence and thus he has sought for an improved system that would be able to capture and monitor the changes in health parameters irrespective of time and location so as to provide for measures that will forestall abnormalities and cater for emergencies. This work presents a system that is capable of providing real time remote monitoring of the heartbeat with improvements of an alarm and SMS alert. This project aims at the design and implementation of a low cost but efficient and flexible heartbeat monitoring and alert system using GSM technology. It is designed in such a way that the heartbeat/pulse rate is sensed and measured by the sensors which sends the signals to the control unit for proper processing and determination of the heartbeat rate which is displayed on an LCD, it then proceeds to alert by an alarm and SMS sent to the mobile phone of the medical expert or health personnel, if and only if the threshold value of the heartbeat rate is maximally exceeded. Thus this system proposes a continuous, real time, remote, safe and accurate monitoring of the heartbeat rate and helps in patient’s diagnosis and early and preventive treatment of cardiovascular ailments.

35-41

Authors: Neethu S Babu, Teena Jacob

To save the energy consumption of various devices green and eco-friendly electronics are developed. This lead to the development of Brushless DC motor (BLDCM). Brush less dc motor is defined as a permanent synchronous machine with rotor position feedback. Brushless dc motors are now a days more popular in industrial and traction applications. The brushless dc motor drive consists of four main parts- power converter, permanent magnet- synchronous machine (PMSM), sensors and control algorithm. Many varieties of control techniques such as PI, PID and fuzzy logic controller have been introduced for the speed control of the BLDC motor. In this paper an adaptive fuzzy PID controller which implies parallel combination of fuzzy PI and fuzzy PD is used for speed control of BLDC motor, which is found to be more efficient in tracking the speed under conditions of external disturbances and allows regenerative braking without any loss in power.

42-49

Authors: Rahul Thakare, Prof. S. S.Umale

Simulation of Quenching Process of steel in CFD is one of the method to plot temperature profile and calculate HTC at surface of specimen. Quenching of medium carbon steel with various quenching medium is done using CFD tools. Quenching medium is varied by varying concentration of ethylene glycol by mass in its aqueous solution form 0% to 60%. Temperature plots at different concentration and cooling curves at core and surface of specimen at different concentration were presented in this work.

50-58

Authors: Deepti A.Barhate1, Prashant Jawalkar 2

Comparison of one thing among things is a usual part of human decision formation process, particularly during an online purchase order. Without comparing it is not fair to buy a product, since it won’t give an ideal performance. For instance, if somebody is fascinated in definite products such as cameras, then he /she would need to identify what another possibility are and compare dissimilar cameras before purchasing. This way of comparison action is very common in our day-to-day life but wants high knowledge ability. So, in order to solve this trouble, we are presenting an idyllic way for inevitably mine comparable entities using comparative questions that users dispatched online. It gives a chance to improve the search knowledge by automatically offering comparisons to user. A weakly supervised bootstrapping procedure is employed here for comparative problem identification and comparable entity abstraction by assembling a large online question collection. This result also provides users to enhance new attributes of their interest to the explanation form, so that the next search recovers the provided new attribute information. This technique would overtake the existing system of online shopping.

59-64

Authors: Pinky Kumawat*1 Geet Kalani2

ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning Systems) comprises of a commercial software package that promises the seamless integration of all the information flowing through the company- accounting, human resource supply chain and the consumer information. Enterprise Resources Planning systems are computer depended systems designed to process an organization’s transaction and facilitate integrated and real time planning, production and customer response. Fuzzy logic has emerged as a profitable tool for the controlling and steering of systems and many critical organizational procedures, like for household and entertainment electronics, as well as other expert systems and uses. In this research work we try to investigates the factors that impact user satisfaction in ERP implementations, a conceptual framework that determine the critical factors which influence user’s satisfaction in the ERP implementation will be developed. Although ERP implementation is costly and time consuming and it can also lead to loss of many valuable resources of the organizations in case of wrong methods and not efficient way of implementation. Hence it is critically important for the organizations to understand and clearly realize all the values achieved from ERP initiatives.

65-75

Authors: Sruthi.C, Sreyas.S, Archana.S.Narayanan, Anjaly Lakshmi.S, Jishnu.IJ

Cloud Security is an attractive issue for research and development efforts. A cloud server means virtual server, which runs on a cloud computing environment. XenServer, is the best server virtualization platform, that can be used in world’s largest clouds. OpenStack is a free and open source cloud computing platform. Xen Cloud Server can be obtained by integrating XenServer with OpenStack. Attackers can explore vulnerabilities of a cloud system and compromise virtual machines to deploy further large scale Distributed Denial of Service(DDoS). Common type of DDoS attacks include ICMP Flood, UDP Flood, SYN Flood. Snort is a widely used open source intrusion detection tool kit, that has to be installed on the cloud VM, which is the target of the attacker. It detects the attack and raises alerts. Appropriate countermeasures are selected from a set of countermeasures, thus establishing security in cloud.

76-81

Authors: Shikha Sharma. Rajesh Bathija, Akanksha Goswami

Adder are the core component of processors and digital design architecture. Also, not only addition, but performs many other arithmetic operations such as subtraction, division and multiplication. The focus of VLSI technology is to reduce power consumption, enhancing the performance and speed of a digital circuit. Less power consumption is the ultimate attention for any computation. In this paper, 16 bit adders are designed using one such technique i.e. McCMOS and compared for power dissipation, delay, leakage power and power delay product. Different types of adders have been designed using Multiple channel CMOS (McCMOS) technology and compared with conventional with 45nm technology. The simulation result shows that the average power reduces to 30 – 35% less and PDP is reduced to 15- 17% than the power and PDP of the conventional CMOS. Hence the technique can be used for low leakage high speed application. The simulation has been carried out in tanner tool EDA 14.1 with 1V power supply.

82-91

Authors: Febin Manjaly PG Student P.A. Edwin Fernando Assistant professor

Concrete usage around the globe is second only to water. An important ingredient in the conventional concrete is the Portland cement. The production of one ton of cement emits approximately one ton of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. Moreover, cement production is not only highly energy-intensive, next to steel and Aluminium, but also consumes significant amount of natural resources. In order to meet infrastructure developments, the usage of concrete is on the increase. Do we build additional cement plants to meet this increase in demand for concrete, or find alternative binders to make concrete? We have conducted some research on the manufacture and behavior, of “Low-Calcium Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Concrete Reinforced with steel fibres”. This concrete uses no Portland cement; instead, we use the low-calcium fly ash from a local coal burning power station as a source material to make the binder necessary to manufacture concrete. This study is aimed to know the compressive strength of concrete using the basic materials like Fine Aggregate, Coarse Aggregate and the binder material as fly ash the flexural strength study between the geopolymer concrete with and without steel fiber. Various properties like Workability, Initial setting time, compressive strength and Split tensile Strength has been studied are to be compared with geopolymer concrete with and without steel fibre.

89-96

Authors: 1Mahak Khurana, 2Vaishali Wadhwa

High-Resolution (HR) satellite image is a commanding basis of data for detecting and extracting information about urban constructions. Shadow in HR satellite imageries is capable of providing a high level of detail, which makes them a reliable and highly vital basis of information. Nevertheless, to extract shadows, the automated detection of shadows from images must be perfect. In this paper, we present a global thresholding practice for automated detection of shadow regions from remotely sensed data. This thresholding scheme detects both shadow and vegetation regions of a High Resolution Satellite Image at the same time.

97-104

Authors: Anna Joy1, Neena Mani2, Acy M Kottalil3

A new bridgeless single-phase ac–dc converter with a natural power factor correction (PFC) is proposed. Compared with existing single-phase bridgeless topologies, the proposed topology has the merits of less component counts. The absence of an input diode bridge and less conduction losses; hence, improved thermal management compared to existing PFC rectifiers is obtained. The proposed topology is designed to work in resonant mode to achieve an automatic PFC close to unity in a simple and effective manner. The resonant mode operation gives additional advantages such as zero-current turn-on in the active power switches.

103-111

Authors: Naveen Kumar D1*, Pradeep R2 and Bhaktavatsala H R3

: A combustion model based on a turbulent flame speed closure (TFC) model is proposed for Reynolds stress model (RSM) of premixed combustion in an enclosed chamber the turbulent quantities that determine the turbulent flame speed are obtained at the level of the grid cut- off. The model has been applied to a simple premixed jet flame in a backward-facing step combustor to investigate the combustor response to forced excitations. The present model reported a comprehensive theoretical study on flame velocity in spark ignition engine for iso-octane air mixture. The present model developed is a two-dimensional RSM model. Computer simulations have been performed for the turbulent flame velocity of premixed flame. The speed of propagation of a premixed turbulent flame correlates with the intensity of the turbulence encountered by the flame we outline the numerical procedure, and illustrate the behaviour of the control algorithm on methane flames at various equivalence ratios in two dimensions. The simulation data are used to study the local variation in the speed of propagation due to flame surface curvature. The effects of turbulence and operating conditions on the position, shape, fluctuation, corrugation of the flame front, and the turbulent flame speed are investigated in this study. The results of this work allow a better fundamental understanding of the influence of turbulence on flame front structure, which is of prime interest for fundamental research.

109-112

Authors: Anuja Ann Mani, Cinly Thomas

In the past decades, video coding technologies have greatly promoted the development of digital multimedia contents related industry. To satisfy the rapid increasing demand for high-definition (HD) and ultra-HD (UHD) video contents, a higher requirement for more efficient video coding has been brought forward. In this paper we propose a new approach for efficient video compression. We mainly focus on intraframe coding that performs compression techniques on any one of the frames in video sequence. A single pixel based lossless prediction (SPLP) along with downsampling and interpolation is used to achieve a better compression ratio compared to existing system. SPLP is an enhancement of H.264/MPEG-4 standard, which employs pulse code modulation for better prediction. Along with SPLP, a checker board pattern downsampling and adaptive weighted interpolation techniques are used to improve the performance.

113-120

Authors: Girish S1, Sangamesh C J2 Priya R Kamath3

This paper is an answer to the question: "What is unique and conceptually different about mobile computing?" The paper begins by describing a set of constraints intrinsic to mobile computing, and examining the impact of these constraints on the design of distributed systems. Next, it summarizes the key results of the Coda and Odyssey systems. Finally, it describes the research opportunities in five important topics relevant to mobile computing: caching metrics, semantic callbacks and valuators, resource revocation, analysis of adaptation, and global estimation from local observations.

119-122

Authors: Akanksha1, Priyanka Sharma2

In this review paper, a new approach called “An Advanced IWD algorithm” for resolving Travelling Salesman problem is proposed. Intelligent Water Drops algorithm, or the IWD algorithm, is a swarm-based nature-inspired optimization algorithm. This algorithm contains a few essential elements of natural water drops and actions and reactions that occur between river's bed and the water drops that flow within. The IWD algorithm may fall into the category of Swarm intelligence and Met heuristic. Intrinsically, the IWD algorithm can be used for combinatorial optimization. However, it may be adapted for continuous optimization too. The IWD was first introduced for the traveling salesman problem in 2007. Since then, multitude of researchers has focused on improving the algorithm for different problems. But as an improvement we will combine the data updation with using the concept of genetic algorithms cross over and mutation. This advanced IWD algorithm hope will find the better tour.

123-128

Authors: Sudhakar Shastri1, Anil Kumar Gupta2

In this paper, an ultra-wide band (UWB) antenna is proposed for wide band applications. The antenna under investigation is fed by a 50 ohm micro strip line. The basic shape of the notch and simple patch is presented in paper. A significant enhancement in the bandwidth and y-shape notch has been achieved in a low profile and compactness of UWB antenna with good impedance matching. The proposed antenna is studied thoroughly and presented in the paper.

129-135

Authors: VIPUL R. BASHA [1], JEEVAN J. SALUNKE [2]

Fixtures are the special production tools which make the standard machine tools, more versatile to work as specialized machine tools. They are normally used in large scale production by when interchangeability is possible. Various areas related to design of fixture are already been very well described by various renowned authors, but there is a need of couple and apply all these research work to an individual application. This paper on “Design and manufacturing fixture of Flange Lube oil pump filter” which integrates all these aspects and the evolutionary function approach of designed fixture is proved from the fact that the real industrial component is considered for fixture designing. In addition to this, fixture is made by wear in house material without consuming much cost for production. The fixture shows great time saving for the production.

136-148

Authors: 1 Mr. Dipak Suresh Badgujar, 2Mr. Kiran. P. Varade. 3C. Veeresh,

In the present work a new control algorithm based on Instantaneous power theory (p-q theory) for three phase four wire is taken for a Shunt Active Power Filter (SAPF) to compensate harmonics and reactive power and power factor of a three phase nonlinear load, uncontrolled bridge rectifier . Sensing load currents, dc bus voltage and source voltages compute reference currents of the SAPF. Driving signals of SAPF are produced by feeding reference and actual output currents of APF, to hysteresis band current controller. As proposed model contains three phase four wire system neutral current compensation also taken care by SAPF. Here in this dissertation two cases are considered of different load situation at rectifier side, such as nonlinear load alone and unbalance load with nonlinear load. It is found that under both the load cases the SAPF is very effective solution for current harmonics, reactive power compensation and power factor correction. MATLAB / SIMULINK ® power system toolbox is used to simulate the proposed system

144-147

Authors: Megha Rajan, Radhakrishnan B, Raji P G

— Image enhancement area in image processing provides a wide range of techniques which can be used for enhancing images quality as well as the natural look of the image. This paper proposes the enhancement techniques which enhances the image and protects the image from loosing the natural look. To improve image under varying lighting conditions, contrast normalization along with homomorphic filtering based illumination normalization method is proposed in this paper. In this work the effect of illumination is effectively normalized by the homomorphic filtering and the contrast is normalized by contrast stretching. The resulted image is not only enhances illumination effect but also preserves edges and details that will facilitate the further processing task.

149-155

Authors: Rachita Sharma, Mr. Ashish Sharma

The routing is one of the main components of solid waste management where the collection takes most of the total system cost. The paper aims to find the best route for collecting solid waste in cities. Multi-Objective Ant Colony Optimization is a new meta- heuristic technique inspired by the nature of the real ants and helps in finding the optimal solution of the problems. Our technique is based on the various variants of ACO i.e. Basic ant system, elitist ant system, rank based system, min-max system best-worst system and ant colony system. Some of the main factors studied in each of the case are average number of iterations, average best tour, and average best time. Finally, the optimal solution is estimated by each routing optimization algorithm, followed by a comparison between these algorithmic approaches on the newly designed collection routes.

156-160

Authors: Upendra Kumar Bhusan1, Manish Yadav2, Sumit Bharagava3

Non-linear dimensional complexity estimates and indicating complexity of neuronal computations during open eye and closed eye using 62-channel EEG. When compared to open eye, the closed eye was accompanied by a focused decrease of complexity estimates. Power in the theta-1 (4–6 Hz), theta-2 (6–8 Hz) and alpha-1 (8–10 Hz) frequency bands was increased over these regions. This estimates negatively correlated with theta-2 and alpha-1 and Emotional experience correlated with theta whereas internalized attention with both theta and alpha lower synchronization positively with beta-3 (22–30 Hz) band power.

161-180

Authors: Rupesh Kumar Tiwari, Trilok Raj Chauhan

Cold chamber high pressure die casting, (HPDC), is a vital business process for the production of complex near net shape aluminum and magnesium alloy castings. The investigations were carried out mainly using the aluminum alloy. High Pressure Die Casting (HPDC) is a complex process that results in casting defects if organized inappropriately. Though, finding out the optimum construct is a quite uphill task as eliminating one of the casting defects (for example, porosity) can result in occurrence of other casting defects. The purpose of the project is to improve current modeling and understanding of defects formation in HPDC machines. An attempt has been made to analysis the flow behavior of metal (Aluminum) in HPDC injection chamber. The flow in the injection chamber of pressure die casting machines is analyzed using a model based on the shallow-water approximation which takes into account the effects of wave reflection against the end wall of the chamber.The results of the model for wave profiles, volume of air remaining in the injection chamber at the instant at which the molten metal reaches the gate to the die cavity, and optimum values of the parameters characterizing the law of plunger motion are observed to reduce the porosity defect.We found that, although the shallow water model does not provide a very accurate estimation of the mass of entrapped air in the injection chamber for certain ranges of working conditions, it does describe reasonably well the influence of the acceleration parameters and the initial filling fraction on the entrapped air mass, and can be of help in selecting operating conditions that reduce air entrapment while keeping the injection chamber filling time as low as possible.

181-187

Authors: Pooja, Jyoti Rani

— In this research paper, an algorithm is developed to produce better contrast enhancement which is inspired from nature and calculates the upper and lower limit for each sliding window. These upper and lower limits are used to calculate the local mean and global mean. It is based on contrast objective function; this is parabolic logarithmic threshold function. The results show that, the method is able to produce better contrast sensitivity and pleasing visuals as compared to older methods( histogram equalization, adaptive histogram equalization, fusion of pyramid and Gaussian , ant colony optimization method etc). The corpus of image consists of both gray and color images. Other than these other evaluation values like loudness, pulse rate, frequency show that this method provides better contrast ratio.

188-192

Authors: Joby Elsa Abraham, Kavitha V K

— Last years the importance and abundance of image retrieval systems had a big growth. During the searching process the color feature of the images is one of the most significant characteristics. Since the color-based comparison and retrieval has a variety of widely used techniques. In this paper we introduce a Dominant Color extraction scheme through which we extract color feature of the image. After extracting the dominant colors we use quantization to represent the extracted dominant colors within a limit. Based on quantized value we cluster the database and do the indexing to store images. Whenever a query image given to the system it will not search the whole database, just identify the cluster and search the image. Similarity measure used in our paper is a modified Euclidean distance measure. With the proposed feature experiments were carried out in image databases, and that was found the precision of retrieval has significantly improved and the time complexity of retrieval of images is reduced.

193-202

Authors: Pallavi Jagdale,

The research area of hydrodynamic lubrication is widely diversified. The literature includes the analysis and various optimized technique of determination of static and dynamic characteristics of plain circular bearing. However these studies were unable to describe the simultaneous effect of both micropolar fluid parameters and eccentricity ratio on bearing characteristics. In the present study combined effect of micropolar parameters and eccentricity ratios are considered with wide range of variation on the bearing performance characteristics. For linear studies critical mass of journal is determined by Routh-Hurwitz stability criteria. Comparative analysis on critical values of journal mass required for both linear and nonlinear studies is carried out. Also the stability of these bearing are analyzed at various operating conditions.

203-207

Authors: Aagi A S, Radhakrishnan B

Retinal image analysis is an active field of research for identifying different types of diseases that affect the Retina. The extraction and analysis of retinal vasculature is an essential part of several practical applications such as detection of hypertension, Diabetic Retinopathy, stroke and cardiovascular diseases that affects eye. The proposed method consists of four stages: In the first stage we enhance the original retinal image to increase their contrast and eliminate the non uniform illumination in retinal images. The second stage involves a 2D Gabor filter which is capable of tuning to specific frequencies, thus allowing noise filtering and vessel enhancement in a single step. The next stage involves segmentation of blood vessels by an edge detection approach that separates the vascular network from the background and the final stage includes some morphological operations for obtaining better results. This proposed method may be used for determination of arteriolar to venular diameter ratio in retinal images. This process is basis for the AVR calculation i.e. for the calculation of average diameter of arteries to veins.

208-212

Authors: Shanu Anie Alias, Stephie Sara Philipose

Instead of beam splitters in digital cameras in this paper proposes an inexpensive technique using color filter arrays because it uses single sensor to capture multi color information. Single sensor digital cameras captures only one color at each pixel location and the other two color information to be interpolated is called Color Filter Array (CFA) interpolation or demosaicing. In this paper the missing green samples are first estimated, then missing red and blue samples are then estimated based on the estimated green plane. Gradient are used for extracting directional data from the input images. The Green channel interpolation is based on the directionally weighted gradient method and the directional color difference is used along with the directional data. Using the interpolated Green channel the red and blue channel get interpolated. With the completion of red and blue pixel the full color image is to be generated.

214-220

Authors: 1SWATI 2MEENAKSHI

In today’s library science, information and computer science, online text classification or text categorization is a huge complication. [1]With the enormous growth of online information and data, text categorization has become one of the crucial techniques for handling and standardizing text data. Various learning algorithms have been applied on text for categorization. On the basis of accuracy and efficiency KNN (K Nearest Neighbour) algorithm prove itself to be very efficient algorithm as compared to other learning algorithms. The framework of KNN with TF-IDF is studied and some changes need to be done for removing time complexity and improve accuracy so, proposed work is based on using SVM classifier which helps in splitting of training and testing data and take less time from the previous work with iKNN (improved KNN) algorithm which gives less time and more accuracy and overall improve text categorization.

221-227

Authors: 1Swati R. Dixit 2Dr.A.Y.Deshmukh

This paper presents implementation of an image processing algorithm applicable for edge detection of an image in Xilinx Spartan 3 FPGA by using System Generator. Usually Sobel edge detection algorithm is preferred which is most trustworthy and gives an efficient output. If VHDL code is written for this algorithm in Xilinx FPGA then it is too time consuming and bulky. Here the system is designed by using Xilinx System Generator blocks. This tool has high level graphical interface under the environment of MATLAB. Since FPGA has large embedded multipliers and internal memory, it offers parallelism. Hence, it provides platform for real time processing with higher performance than microprocessor programmable and Digital Signal Processor (DSPs).

226-233

Authors: Mr. G. S. Patil, Mr. P. B. Autade

Concrete is considered the world’s most used construction material. Typical concrete mixtures are comprised of water, sand, cement and an aggregate of rock. This project focuses on the coarse aggregate in concrete. The other material will be used to replace the coarse aggregate of rock in typical concrete. This will include burn brick or Zama brick. This material was chosen because of their availability. The burn brick is available from brick manufacturing area. Also in brick-making, a large number of bricks are rejected due to nonconformity with the required specifications. One such major nonconformity is the distorted form of brick produced due to the uneven temperature control in the kiln. These rejected bricks can also be a potential source of coarse aggregate. This would not only make good use of the otherwise waste material but would also help alleviate disposal problems. This project presents the effects of Jhama Class Brick inclusion on the mechanical properties of concrete matrix in wet and hardened state properties. For checking mechanical properties of Jhama Class Brick bat based concrete used partially replacement Jhama class brick to coarse aggregate ratios 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% in M40 grade of concrete. It is observed that workability decreased with replacement of coarse aggregate. The Compaction factor observed as 0.92, 0.899, 0.88, 0.87 and 0.85 with varying percentage replacement of coarse aggregate by Jhama class brick bat as 0%, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% respectively. The compressive strength of Jhama Class Brick bat based concrete used with partially replacement Jhama class brick to coarse aggregate ratios 20%, 40%, increased over conventional concrete about 6.08%, 10.02% for 3 days and 9.23%, 12.08% for 7 days and 10.02%, 11.95% for 28 days. If further increased in the percentage of replacement up to 60% and 80%, the strength was decreased by 3.73% and 8.16% respectively for 3 days and 5.69%, 9.25% for 7 days and 2.72%, 6.87% for 28 days cured cube specimen respectively. The Split Tensile and Flexural Strength of this concrete increases with 5.26%, 8.68%, and 2.74%, 4.76% respectively over plain concrete for the replacement 20% and 40% and decreased with 3.94%, 12.1% and 3.16%, 7.5% for the replacement 60% and 80%.

234-240

Authors: Divya K Suku , Phini Ann Philip

Sensor technology is one of the fast growing technologies in the current scenario. And it has wide range of application also. The ability of sensors to work without being monitored by any individual is its unique quality. Wireless sensor network comprise of small sensors which have minimum communicational and computational power. Several anomalies are present in WSNs. One such problem is a hole. Area devoid of any node can be referred to as a hole. This degrades the performance of the whole network. It affects the routing capability of the network very badly. The formation of holes in a WSN is unavoidable due to the inner nature of the network. This paper deals with detecting and healing such holes in an on demand basis.

245-249

Authors: ChinkyAggarwal

Sybil attack is one of the most challenging problems in Peer-to-Peer networks. The huge number of fake identities created by malicious users may attempt to gain a large influence on the network Using identity management scheme the Sybil behavior of a node can be identified, and those suspected as Sybil are limited from inviting others. Moreover nodes may contact one another for file sharing and super nodes calculate rank matrix and uses these values also for assignment of new identities. Although false positives and false negatives may occur in the labeling process, we have to minimize it as far possible. In future, the efficiency can be increased by considering more parameters for labeling a node as Sybil or genuine. Trusted Server can be used for backup .It acts like repository which contains information about each node. If any node is detected as Sybil then we can remove that node and maintain the hierarchy using trusted server because trusted server knows which node will be link to which node. We can check behavior of nodes to determine it is Sybil node or Genuine Node..

250-257

Authors: Mr Vamsi Krishna Chowduru, Mr A Sai Kumar, Dr Madhu, Mr T Mahendar

Although compressor blades have long been shrouded for aerodynamic and structural reasons, the importance of the pressurization over the cascade in the axial compressor stage is being investigated. However, the effects of the leakage tangential velocity variation on the blade passage flow are unknown. An experimental investigation of the loss and flow turning in the blade passage in shrouded axial compressor cascades subject to the variation of the leakage tangential velocity. First, increasing the leakage tangential velocity reduces overall loss. Second, increasing the leakage tangential velocity spreads loss core in the pitch-wise direction so loss core becomes more two-dimensional. Third, increasing the leakage tangential velocity makes the near hub passage flow more radially uniform. Our research predicts the streamline contour occurred at the Rotor Root-Stator Tip to predict the variation of flow. Research over selected series of airfoil at angle of 22° at the Root, 4° at the Tip and vice versa is being predicted using Computational Tools. The Aim is to identify the convergence criteria at lowest possible values of iterations. Based on the design data the approach is being done using ANSYS CFX to perform computational results.

258-264

Authors: RITESH G. PATANKAR, HITESH D. PANCHAL, KEROLIN K. SHAH

Impedance spectroscopy of raw or tap water sample derives from the measurement of the current into and the voltage across the water sample as function of applied linear frequency modulated signal in 1 to 10 MHz frequency range. It is the method to measure real impedance and imaginary impedance of water components. The impedance of the sample can be calculated by applying linear FM wave to the water sample input in series with a known resistor and measuring voltage across the resistor. Performing this measurement by changing the frequencies of the applied signal provides the impedance phase and magnitude. The complex impedance is then calculated and data obtained from measurement are fitted into LEVM program with appropriate model. Then parameters are extracted to describe the electrical properties of the water sample.

265-270

Authors: Dr. Most. Hosney Ara Begum1, Mr. Rupesh Chandra Roy2, Nahid Sharmin3

Waste polythene is one of the hazards which pollute environment extensively. Recycle of waste polythene would help in two ways- first it will clean environment and secondly recycled material can be used as a raw material for other products. Now a days, bricks or construction blocks are produced through conventional procedure. This procedure causes erosion and destruction of fertile land surface all over the country and as a result reducing the crops production area. Other adverse effects of these brick production procedure are that it causes deforestation and air pollution. To avoid these types of environment pollution, a new energy efficient and pollution free process has been developed to produce construction blocks by using sands of different mesh sizes and other ingredients. Use of sands, on the other hand helps to renovate the river bed. The strength of the produced construction blocks has been measured and compared to that of the conventional product.

271-275

Authors: Sangameshwara G S, B.S.Ravaikiran

Coconut is one of the major source of healthy food products. Coconut was grown in various countries in various parts of the world, which contain nutrients and saturated fatty acids. The production of coconut is spread over the Karnataka, Kerala and Tamilnadu. Compared to all other oil seeds, coconut has the highest percent of advantages as well as consistency in production less susceptible to abnormal climatic condition. In conventional extraction processing is carried over by continuous Pressing, Hydraulic presses these are used in the large installations. But those machines are not flexible enough to produce virgin coconut oil and those machines not suitable for virgin oil for their higher cost, larger machine size. This project work aim on design and fabrication of portable coconut oil extraction machine which will eliminate all drawbacks the machine is light in weight which makes it portable and can be used for industrial production. Machine can be handle by unskilled labour and there is less need of power source as it is manually operated.

276-278

Authors: Mohit Thakur

- In this paper, we investigate pre-, post-, symmetrical dispersion and power compensation in parallel for 96 channels ×10 Gbps non-return to zero DWDM system using pumped dispersion compensating fiber (PDCF) and pumped single mode fiber (PSMF). The results of three compensation methods have been compared in the term of bit error rate, eye closure penalty and Quality factor and it has been found that both post- and symmetrical compensation methods provide better results for short haul communication but for long haul communication post-compensation method is the best alternative among other. The impact of bit error rate and eye closure penalty is also observed for large transmission distances.

282-287

Authors: Vanshika Arora, Hardeep Saini

Video coding standards are rapidly evolving with the advance of the video compression techniques. As the state of the art video coding standard, H.264/AVC exhibits superior coding performance improvement over its predecessors. To meet the industry requirement of standardizing existing video techniques, video coding standards were developed by two international organizations, ITU-T and ISO/IEC. the state of art video coding standard H.264/AVC, jointly developed by ITU-T Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG) and ISO/IEC Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG), is reported to achieve gains in compression efficiency up to 50% to its predecessor MPEG-2. In the proposed system we have enhanced the prediction coding for low resolution videos and applied the HEVC coding/compression on the video using intra and inter predictability of the data to be coded our techniques has reduced complex quantization block and thus renders the video data with close precision to the blocks encoded and reduces coding error while maintaining high perceptual quality.

293-298

Authors: Siddaling S, B.S.Ravaikiran

In today’s world consisting of huge population due to this there is a need for large scale of production of agricultural products. Agriculture is the backbone of India. In India there is scarcity of labours in agriculture. Day by day labour wages are increasing and in the same way demand of agriculture products are also increasing and today’s world need large scale of production of agriculture products due to huge population. In today’s world there is a heavy demand for sugar and it’s byproducts. The major states growing sugarcane are Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh and Karnataka. Now India is the leading producer of sugarcane in the world. This project aims to design and fabricate small scale sugarcane harvesting machine for sugarcane harvesting to reduce farmer’s effort and to increase the output of agricultural products. When compared to manual harvesting, this machine can cut the lower and upper portion of the suger cane containing leaves, simultaneously by setting the optimum movement of the rotary blades. The advanced technology machines are very costlier and cannot be purchased by a middle class farmers. The maintenance cost of these machines are very high and requires skilled labours to operate. Hence this project work overcomes these problems and aims to develop a small scale sugar cane harvesting machine. And this machine is easy to operate, low cost with more efficiency and having less maintenance. The machine is helpful for farmers and it is economical.

299-305

Authors: Mownesh.R, Dr. Ashok Mehatha

There is a heavy demand for tender coconut in today’s market as it contains nutrients, it helps in dissolving kidney stones ,reduces blood pressure, energy drink etc., and it’s a natural gift. But making a punching and slicing a tender coconut have some difficulties it cause injuries, aged people ,handicapped people feel difficulties to do this. Our project aims to develop automatic punching and slicing a tender coconut. The machine consists of 7 main parts: 1. Air compressor,2. pneumatic cylinders,3.Direction control valve,4. Hose pipe,5. Punching bit,6. Cutting blade and7. Supporting frame. The punch cum splitter for tender coconut is operated by Pneumatic system. The tender coconut is placed on the holder ring, once actuated the air compressor supplies the compressed air to the pneumatic cylinder the Pneumatic cylinder containing a punching bit makes a hole in a downward direction and move back. After consuming it’s water it is placed on other side of the frame for slicing operation. Similarly the slicing operation will be done. The force required to make a punching a tender coconut and for slicing a tender coconut it measures to 251 N and 807 N. The time required for making punching and slicing a tender coconut measures to be 10second and 15 second. The time required to make a punching and slicing a tender coconut will be less, safer to operate and the maintenance cost is less as the operating fluid is air.

305-311

Authors: Palaskar Satish Muralidhar

Concrete is used in most of the Civil Construction work in the world. However high-energy requirement and pollution involved in the production of cement hampers the image of concrete as a sustainable material. Efforts are continuously being made to make concrete environment friendly. Fly ash activated cement concrete is a new development in the world of concrete in which cement is partially replaced by fly ash and activated by alkaline liquid to act as a binder in the concrete mix. Experimental investigation has been carried out to study effect of concentration of sodium hydroxide on compressive strength. Water and cement plus fly ash ratio of 0.45 by mass was maintained in the experimental work. The concentration of sodium hydroxide solution is varied. Cement fly ash concrete cubes of 150mm sides were cast. The curing is done for 3days, 7days, 28days, 56days and 90days at room temperature. Test result shows that the compressive strength increases with increase in concentration of sodium hydroxide, however beyond optimum concentration of sodium hydroxide compressive strength decreases.

312-315

Authors: Sameera Kawatkar

With the emerging trends in science and technology, the importance of acquiring and finding information from different sources provided by the technology is increasing tremendously. It was possible to store huge amounts of data & information as the computers became more and more advance. All the information available on the internet is made of several documents. Finding useful and relevant information from such documents was required These documents are not always structured and organized in an efficient manner. As a result, the concept of information Retrieval (IR) emerged in the early 1950. Information retrieval finds the most relevant documents according to the inputs given up by the user. Throughout these years this concept of information retrieval has grown & advanced greatly providing easy & efficient access to many users over the internet. This article gives a brief structure of the key technologies used in the field of Information Retrieval & various ways of handling with it.

316-323

Authors: Anudeep.B, Naga Sunil.B

A brake is a device by means of which artificial frictional resistance is applied to moving machine member, in order to stop the motion of a machine. Braking is a process which converts the kinetic energy of the vehicle into mechanical energy which must be dissipated in the form of heat. Here, the 3D model of aircraft disc brake rotor was created by using CATIAV5R20 with particular dimensions. The structural and thermal analysis of aircraft disc rotor was done in ANSYS 14.5.The materials used for aircraft disc rotor are aluminium metal matrix and ceramic coating. The main aim of this project is validate the mathematical result with ansys results. The maximum stress developed is 26.87MPa for aluminium metal matrix composite (AMMC) and 21.47MPa for ceramic coated aircraft disc brake rotor. Finally, the analysis suggests that Mechanical and thermal properties of aluminium alloy may be improved through the addition of ceramic coatings on the surface which in contact with the brake pad.

324-331

Authors: Maheswarreddy.K , PG Scholar. Suresh.K , Assistant Professor

— This dissertation proposes a push-pull boost power factor corrector (PFC). It is composed of two boost converters with a coupled inductor. The two identical modules can share the output power and increase the power capability up to the medium power level applications. The main advantage is coupling the two independent boost inductors into a single magnetic core to substantially reduce the circuit volume and the cost without degrading the conversion efficiency too much, which are the important targets of the modern switching power supply design. The interleaved operations of the switches with a cut-in-half duty cycle can reduce the conduction losses of the switches as well as both the turns and diameters of the inductor windings, which help more to the reduction of the circuit volume. Moreover, the operating frequency of the core, and thus the frequency of the two-phase inductor current ripple, is double that of the switching frequency. Also the ripple current at the input side and the output capacitor size are reduced. The power factor and the power density are improved.

330-344

Authors: afsoon mahdavi ; farah habib

Industrial developments of recent centuries and entry of industry system in Iran has created instability,chaos and anarchy in urban contexts and this phenomenon has influenced quality in various economic, social and culture parts. In this research, criteria evaluation is assessed in new urban development by explaining influential criteria on residence quality in different parts. This is a qualitative research with the case study method and its purpose is application in order to improve residence quality. Research tools are questionnaire and open interview with experts. The questionnaires are completed in statistical society of 50 individuals and their results are analyzed by SPSS 19 software. Weight calculation of influential factors on residence quality is performed by AHP software according to opinion of experts and analyzed by Likert method and finally is evaluated by use of spearman test of correlation between variables. The results of analysis indicate a high correlation between influential variables on residence quality and satisfaction degree of districts, residents was average to reasonable high. The gathered data shows proportional satisfaction of citizens of this district from residence condition which is influenced by social, cultural and economic homogeneity clearly. This point is not irrelevant to the history of formation of this district and its allocation to special military kinds.

338-346

Authors: Divya C Das, Mary Joseph, Deepak Varghese

Sustainable, effective and cheapest method of effluent treatment is yet to be reality especially for industrial waste water. Many of the existing methods resulted in several environmental problems. So this paper, mainly focuses on the development of treatment method for Ayurvedic liquid effluents by integrating microbial pre-treatment and vermifiltration. Firstly, Ayurvedic effluent was pretreated with a microbial consortium and later fed to a vermifiltration unit. Organic wastes, heavy metals and solids are ingested and absorbed through earthworm’s body wall and degraded which was found to remove BOD, COD, total dissolved solids (TDS) and the total suspended solids (TSS) from wastewater. There was no sludge formation in the process and odor free. The final vermifiltered water exhibited a significant reduction in COD by 98.03%, BOD by 98.43%, TSS by 95.8% TDS by 78.66% and oil & grease by 92.58%. The resultant water was clean and disinfected enough to be reused for irrigation.

347-352

Authors: . Ayyaj .I .Nadaf 1, Dr. P. P. Shaha2, Dr. M. K. Bhanarkar3

This paper presents utilization of on chip Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) for generating analog voltage. Industrial controllers or PLC requires digital to analog converters for process control. Many industrial devices like Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) work on standard analog input 0 to 10v. To communicate DAC modules and PLC special protocol are involved. It leads to time latency to get analog output. This paper represents without any protocol single digital output pin of PLC to give frequency to DAC module. This module converts those ranges of frequency signal to calibrated PWM to get analog output with low pass filter. With this module one can get analog voltage in standard range of 0 to 10v with ripple less than 0.1V. For This module can work in range of 1 kHz to 10 kHz.

354-358

Authors: Sangeeta narwal1 Daljit kaur2

Fingerprint recognition is verifying the match between two fingerprints. Fingerprint recognition is mostly based on minutiae. In this paper the review on minutiae extraction is done after various fingerprint enhancement methods. Minutiae extraction common method cross-numbering is reviewed and how to remove false minutiae with segmented mask technique.

364-370

Authors: Mr. Mikhil K. Bhavsar1, Prof. Vilas M. Mhaske2, Prof. Santosh K. Chandole3

Low back pain is an important clinical, social, economic and public health problem affecting the population indiscriminately. It is a disorder with many possible etiologies, occurring in many groups of the population, and with many definitions. Many industry based investigations have found that low back pain (LBP) is associated with exposure to whole body vibration (WBV). Tractor drivers, in particular, seem to have more LBP as they reported regular backache more often than non-tractor driving farmers. In the present study, the experiments where vibration measurements were conducted at the farms terrains in the village on tractor the data acquisition will be carried out by attaching the accelerometer to lower side of seat as per conforming ISO standards and measurement of Vibration amplitudes using OR34-2,4 Channel FFT Analyzer. Then the analysis has done in terms of root mean square (rms) accelerations in one-third-octave band & International Standard Organization (ISO) weighted overall rms. Both predicted and measured values exceeded the health norms of ISO standards. Then we have made changes in the tractor operator’s seat system with an anti-vibration suspension system by using springs, which reduces the vibration energy and frequencies into a range suitable for the operator. 32 tests have been conducted, on 3 different accessories, 3 different tracks, 2 different speeds and repeating each test for 2 times. Finally, the experimental result indicates, the modified tractor operator’s seat meets the requirements of ‘health guidance zone’ of ISO 2631-1 in all farms terrains. Measurements of vibrations were conducted on tractors of different sizes, analysis has been done in terms of root mean square (rms) accelerations & International Standard Organization (ISO) weighted overall rms.

371-382

Authors: R.Kavitha1,S.Nagaraju2

This thesis presents a methodology for implementation of a rule based fuzzy logic controller applied to a closed loop vector speed control induction motor. The induction motor is modeled using a dq axis theory. The designed Fuzzy Logic controller’s performance is weighed against with that of PI controller. The proc of Fuzzy Logic controllers (FLCs) over the conventional controllers are: (i) they are economically advantageous to develop (ii) a wide range of operating conditions can be covered using FLCs, and (iii) they are easier to adopt in terms of natural language .Another advantage is that, an initial approximate set of fuzzy rules can be impulsively refined by self-organizing fuzzy controller. For Vector speed control of the induction motor, the reference speed has been used and the control architecture includes some rules. These rules portray a nonchalant relationship between two inputs and an output. The errors are evaluated according to the rules in accordance to the defined membership functions. The membership functions and the rules have been defined using the FIS editor given in MATLAB. Based on the rules the surface view of the control has been recorded. The results obtained by using conventional PI controller and the designed fuzzy logic controller has been studied and compared.

376-381

Authors: Parvathy Ajay, Bibin Varghese Kurien

Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are ideal for situations where a fixed infrastructure is unavailable or infeasible. The growth in wireless communication technologies attracts a considerable amount of attention in mobile ad-hoc networks. Since mobile hosts in an ad-hoc network usually move freely, the topology of the network changes dynamically and disconnection occurs frequently. These characteristics make a mobile ad-hoc network be likely to be separated into several disconnected partitions, and the data accessibility is hence reduced Today’s MANETs, however, may suffer from network partitioning. This limitation makes MANETs unsuitable for applications such as crisis management and battlefield communications, in which team members might need to work in groups scattered in the application terrain. In such applications, intergroup communication is crucial to the team collaboration. To address this weakness, we introduce in this paper a new class of ad-hoc network called Autonomous Mobile Mesh Network (AMMNET). Unlike conventional mesh networks, the mobile mesh nodes of an AMMNET are capable of following the mesh clients in the application terrain, and organizing themselves into a suitable network topology to ensure good connectivity for both intra- and intergroup. We proposes HEF algorithm for the cluster head selection.

383-389

Authors: M Rupas Kumar*, S Manasa, Sk Asiya

Soil is a base of structure, which actually supports the structure from beneath and distributes the load effectively. If the stability of the soil is not adequate then failure of structure occurs in form of settlement, cracks etc. Expansive Soils like Black cotton soils are more responsible for such situations and this is due to presence of montmorillonite mineral, which has ability to undergo large swelling and shrinkage. To overcome this problem, the properties of soil must be improved. Soil Stabilization is effective technique that addresses this problem by altering the properties of soil. The present study deals with the stabilization of Black Cotton Soil using waste Iron Powder. The admixture i.e., Iron powder is blended with unmodified soil in varying percentages to obtain the optimum percentage of admixture required for soil stabilization. The results show that Maximum Dry Density and CBR values were improved after the addition of Waste Iron Powder to the soil. In this comparative study laboratory tests such as Atterberg’s limits, Compaction tests and CBR tests were carried out for both modified and unmodified expansive soil.

390-395

Authors: Vipin Kumar and Prashant Shrivastava

This work deals with the use of chemically activated Neem (Azadirachta indica) and rice husk (Oryza Sativa) Sawdust (RH) as an adsorbent for the retention of chromium (VI) Ions from synthesized contaminated water. A batch wise experiment was performed in order to investigate the various parameters such as contact time, effect of temperature and initial concentration of the metallic ion. The adsorbent showing highest chromium (VI) removal was found to be Neem sawdust with highest loading capacity of 11.86 mg/g at 305 K and 100 mg/L of initial chromium concentration. Isothermal models like Langmuir and Freundlich Isotherm (R2=0.987).

396-409

Authors: Vinay T D [1] , Shivakumar [2] , Karthik Y C [3] , Madhu S [4]

For the growing heavy industrial sectors the demand for compactors is increasing day by day. Therefore, the company must meet the demand through the available facilities so that the company has to sophisticate the manufacturing processes in the existing plant. Despite existing models in other company’s being manufactured in the plant there is a need and demand for different higher capacity models In this paper, an attempt has been made to Develop, Modify and Generate concepts to mount the sub-assemblies from the compactor components onto a Fixture to perform Tack Welding on the sub-assemblies. Techniques suggested in this paper help in saving Cycle time per Job and also help in reducing the Man hours, which might otherwise have been spent on manual Welding of all the Sub-Assemblies, by making the process Automatic. Analysis has been done to calculate the stress, strain & deformation and also theoretical calculations has been done. Comparison is done between the ansys results & theoretical results. The fixture design is carried out by using CATIA V5 R20 Modeling software and the components are analyzed by finite element method (FEM) using Ansys software.

410-418

Authors: Asso. Prof. Pradeep M. Ingole [1], Dr. Ajay U. Awate [2], Mukund Manas [3]

Proper fit is vital for cycling performance, efficiency, comfort and injury prevention. Study reveals that bicycle is generally male favored. It struggles in popularity with females despite the fact that cycling is a good exercise. There is a small but significant difference between male and female anatomy. Due to so, they have different requirements, taste, specifications than the males. This paper emphasizes principal difference between male and female anatomy. It highlights the basic physiological factors, differences of females and their comfort during cycling. Thus, proposing brief study on “The Ergonomic bicycle for Ladies”, taking into account their peculiar anatomy. Here, we are introducing conceptual, new anthropometrically designed seat, frame, handle, tires etc. in bicycle to make it popular for the gender. Hence, an attempt has been made to make cycling more comfortable and popular

419-424

Authors: Yogesh B.Dongare, Prof.Ramesh Patole

Hand gestures recognition play a important role in Human Computer Interaction(HCI). They serve as primary interaction tools for gesture based computer control. The present work is a part of vision based hand gesture recognition system for Human Computer Interaction. Here we have proposed an algorithm with the fusion of skin color model and background subtraction that gives robust output in the presence of drastic illumination changes. In this we paper we compare different methodologies of hand segmentation approaches for gesture recognition systems. This study is a first step towards development of a reliable, efficient and robust gesture recognition system with high detection rate for better performance of system on Android mobile device.

425-430

Authors: Yogeshree Patil, Prof. S.N. Kulkarni

A low voltage low dropout regulator provides an output voltage near about 0.8V by giving input voltage of 1V, with 45nm CMOS technology. The LDO consist of Operational Transconductance Amplifier which works as error amplifier with current splitting technique to boost gain. The power MOS Mp is used for low voltage and low dropout voltage. The output variation is 12mV for current of 0-100mA.The proposed LDO operates over wide range of frequency and provides power supply rejection more than 60 dB at 100 KHz. The simulation of proposed LDO in Advance design system tool

431-436

Authors: Arya S Raj, Kavitha V K

Shadows in remotely sensed images create difficulties in many applications; thus, they should be effectively detected prior to further processing. In accordance with the characteristics of high resolution color remote sensing images, we put forward a Shadow Processing Method of High Resolution Remote Sensing Image Using IOBA Matching with shape information preserved in color aerial images for solving problems caused by cast shadows. In this method, suspected shadows are extracted according to the statistical features of the images. Furthermore, some dark objects which could be mistaken for shadows are ruled out. Once the shadows are detected they are classified and a non-shadow area around each shadow termed as outer buffer area is estimated using IOBA matching. The mean and variance of these outer buffer areas are used to compensate the shadow regions. Experiments show that the new method can accurately detect shadows from urban high-resolution remote sensing images and can effectively restore shadows with a rate of over 85%.

440-444

Authors: Atul Kumar Agarwal1, Prashant Kriplani2,N.L.Gupta3, D.R. Mehrotra4

The possibility of using chalcopyrites of the type Cu(In,Ge)Se2 in a quantum well solar cells are explored. In view of the goal to decrease manufacturing cost Cu (In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) type semiconductors attract much attention in recent era. Management of light in thin-film solar cells, where the thickness of the absorber layer is below one micrometer, is of great importance. Keeping this fact in mind, in this paper we are going to investigate the effect of thickness on conversion and quantum efficiency of CIGS thin film solar cell using Silvaco Atlas software to explore the possibility of efficiency enhancement of QWSC’s with CIGS material as well material.

446-454

Authors: Saniya Elza Dominic, Gayathri.R.Krishna

Wireless reprogramming is a difficult technique for software deployment in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Code dissemination is a basic building block to enable wireless reprogramming. Here present ECD, an Excellent Code Dissemination protocol leveraging 1-hop link quality information based on the TinyOS platform. Compared to previous works, ECD has three main features. First, it supports dynamically configurable packet sizes. By increasing the packet size for high PHY rate radios, it improves the transmission efficiency. Second, it has a precise sender selection algorithm to mitigate transmission collisions and transmissions over poor links. Third, it has a simple impact-based backoff timer design to shorten the time spent in coordinating multiple eligible senders so that the largest impact sender is most likely to transmit. These features is incorporated into multi objective optimization (MOPs) approach using Genetic algorithm (GA) to further reduce delay due to best sender selection. Results show that ECD-MOP outperforms other protocols, in terms of completion time.

455-461

Authors: Jintu Ann John1, Neethu Maria John2

In recent year’s privacy preservation in data mining has become an important issue. The main aim is to protect the sensitive information in data while extracting knowledge from large amount of data. The data from different sources have to collaborate effectively while maximizing the utility of collected information. With the advance of the information age, data collection and data analysis have exploded both in size and complexity. The attempt to extract important patterns and trends from the vast data sets has led to a challenging field called Data Mining. When a complete data set is available, various statistical, machine learning and modeling techniques can be applied to analyze the data. Usually, data are distributed across multiple sites. The data warehousing approach has been used to mine distributed databases. It is used to collect data from all the participating sites and are stored at a centralized warehouse. However, many data owners are unwilling to share their data with others due to privacy and confidentiality concerns. So it is a limitation to perform mutually beneficial data mining tasks. To overcome this Privacy-Preserving Data Mining has emerged. The research of Privacy-Preserving Data Mining is aimed at bridging the gap between collaborative data mining and data confidentiality. It involves many areas such as statistics, computer sciences, and social sciences. The exisiting cryptographic techniques for privacy preservation are not very effective for providing privacy preservation on large scale datasets.So random decision trees are used to generate equivalent and accurate models with much smaller costs.The server sends data to multiple clients after doing dataset partitioning.In this paper the dataset is partitioned based on the correlation between the features.This method is more accurate than the existing vertical partitioning of dataset.

468-477

Authors: T.SIVAJYOTHI1 G.SHOBHA2

Hybrid Power System (HPS)s are considered as a reliable and viable option for the electrification of rural villages which are beyond the reach of grid electricity. This project proposes a Novel method for an efficient power management, power quality enhancement and regulation in Off-Grid Hybrid Power System(OG-HPS)s.The proposed method uses an Intelligent Module Distribution Generation (IMDG) units, which internally uses the Phasor Measurement Units(PMUs) and Power Quality Regulation Unit(PQRU) as its processing core ,with an aid of which they will detect the line faults and fluctuations in the power quality of the OG-HPS and corrects them to their rated level. As the core internal components of the IMDG units, the PMU detects the spurious fluctuations in the quality of power flowing through the associated bus line branch and measures the fluctuations with respect to its rated counter-parts. It issues an alert including the power fluctuations calculated so far to the PQRU which consists of variable winding transformers to step-up or to step-down the line voltage based on the calculated fluctuations. The PQRU not only intended to maintain the rated power quality on the Power Distribution Bus(PDB) of the Off-Grid system, but also protects it from the frequent physical faults due to natural disasters, birds and animals.The IMDG unit internally comprises a dedicated circuitry with bi-directional breakers to detect, locate and isolate the line faults of the OG-HPS.The fault detection circuit of IMDG compares the instantaneous parameter values of input and output breaker lines to detect the fault and isolate the faulted line. The IMDG regulates the power quality with protected fault free operation of OG-HPS. The proposed algorithm is designed,implemented and simulated in MATLAB environment

475-481

Authors: Anisha Sarah Mathew1, Mitha Rachel Jose2

Today, the Internet is an essential part of everyday life and many important and crucial services like banking, shopping, transport, health, and communication are partly or completely dependent on the Internet. Also it was originally designed for openness and scalability without much concern for security. Unfortunately, it is not possible to reliably determine the source of received IP packets, as the protocol does not provide authentication of the packet based on the source address field, can be easily pirated. Furthermore the Internet routing infrastructure also does not keep information about forwarded packets. Malicious users can exploit these design weaknesses of the internet to degrade its operation. Denial of Service attacks is launched by large number of compromised host to interrupt the services of legitimate users. Bloom Filter resolves current problem in the network such as routing table growth, multicast scalability and denial of service attack. Based on the information stored in the packet header as a filter, nodes will forward the packet. But it has a several problems like false positive issues, high memory and time usage. In order to overcome these problems, an algorithm called simulated annealing has been used, which results in the efficient detection of denial of service attacks in bloom filter forwarding.

482-491

Authors: Sona P1, Kavitha Issac2, Beena M Varghese3

- In this paper, a new single phase dual output ac-dc bridgeless double boost SEPIC (IDBS) converter is proposed which is a high step up converter. The absence of bridge rectifier in the proposed rectifier and the conduction of one semiconductor switch in the current flowing path during each switching cycle result in less conduction losses and improves efficiency. The proposed topology is designed to operate to achieve nearly a unity power factor and low total harmonic distortion (THD) of the input current. The DCM operation gives advantages such as zero-current turn-on in the power switches and simple control circuitry. The proposed topology gives better performance than modified bridgeless SEPIC rectifier in terms of efficiency, total harmonic distortion (THD), and power factor.. A design example for a 500-W/600 V dc with 120 V input voltage is provided. The proposed circuit is simulated in Matlab 2010a which ensures the feasibility of the converter

492-496

Authors: Mrs. Bhavana S1 Manoj.Kumar2

In recent days, photographs have been used as evidence in courts. Photographers are able to create composites of analog pictures, this process is very time consuming and requires expert knowledge. Today, Powerful digital image editing software makes image modifications straightforward. This undermines our trust in photographs. In this paper, one of the most common forms of photographic manipulation, known as image composition or splicing is analysed .A forgery detection method that exploits subtle inconsistencies in the color of the illumination of images. The proposed approach is machine-learning based and requires minimal user interaction. The technique is applicable to images containing two or more people and requires no expert interaction for the tampering decision. Here, the existing work can be extended by using advanced face detection method using skin tone information and edges . A lighting insensitive face detection method based upon the edge and skin tone information of the input color image is proposed. From these illuminant estimates, we extract texture- and edge-based features which are then provided to a machine-learning approach for automatic decision-making.

498-502

Authors: Vrushali Patil1, Dr. P. Malathi2, Dr. Manish Sharma3

Filtering is widely used in image and video processing for various applications among which Edge- Preserving is the most popular one. Edge-preserving image smoothing has recently emerged as a valuable tool for a variety of applications such as denoising, tone mapping, non-photorealistic rendering in computer graphics and image processing. This can be achieved by a local filtering method such as bilateral filter [1]. However, this method has to face the problem of trade-off between edge-preservation abilities and smoothing abilities [2] and tends to result in staircase effect which is not acceptable for some applications. Hence, in this paper the guided filter is proposed which filters the output depending upon the information provided by the guidance image.

510-516

Authors: Akhiljith P J, Reenu George,Salice Peter

This paper presents a non-inverting interleaved buck boost inverter for DC-AC energy conversions. The energy derived from the renewable energy sources cannot be directly connected to the load. For applications that require a stable DC bus voltage, an efficient converter is needed. Two non inverting buck boost converters are integrated with an interleaved operation for DC-DC conversion. Thus, a switch and a diode can be omitted, reducing cost. A modified z source inverter is integrated with the buck boost converter for DC-AC energy conversion. The operating principle and steady-state analysis are discussed in detail. The interleaved operation reduces current ripple at the output. The converter is simulated using MATLAB 2010 and waveforms are analyzed. Higher voltage conversion ratio can be obtained without using transformer topologies.

517-521

Authors: Ann Christa Antony, Cinly Thomas

This paper introduces a new lossless compression. This is based on the hierarchical prediction and context adaptive coding. Here first we convert the RGB image into YCuCv transform. The Y component is converted by using any of the lossless gray scale image compression method. The hierarchical schema is used for the compression of the chrominance channel. Here we are using four predictors. For the prediction we are using the upper, right, left diagonal and right diagonal for the image compression. The arithmetic coding is used for the error signal calculation. This provides better compression of the images on the boundary as compared to the existing system based on the hierarchical prediction. It also reduces the bit rate when compared with other lossless compression methods.

522-529

Authors: Cicy Mary Mathew, Kiran Boby, Bindu Elias

A two inductor, interleaved power factor corrected converter exhibiting voltage quadruple characteristic is introduced. The proposed converter operates at a duty cycle more than 50%. The input P.F is improved along with reduced voltage stress Across the semiconductor devices. Also a high voltage gain is obtained almost 4 times that of a conventional boost converter. The simulation are carried out for 25 V AC input in MATLAB/SIMULINK 2010a, to justify the properties of the proposed converter

530-540

Authors: Swati Gupta Shweta Shrivastava Dr. Vineet Richariya

- Image processing is extensively used area for the research and this is used for various applications such as remote sensing image data, medical image and weather forecasting etc. In this we are mainly focusing on medical image data and to get enhance quality of medical image becomes very challenging task nowadays. The low contrast medical image is very critical to analyze and obtain false results from such image. A lot of techniques have been developed to improve the quality of image. In this paper, we propose Dual Tree Complex Wavelet Transform (DTCWT) with High Boost Filtering to improve the quality of medical image. Here first method is used for enhancing the contrast of image and subsequent filtering technique is used for sharpening or eliminating the noise and blur from the image. The simulation of our proposed method is done using the MATLAB2012a simulator which comprises several functions for image simulation and the comparative analysis of our methodology uses performance measuring metrics such as PSNR and MSE. The experimental results of our methodology give improved quality of image than the existing approach

539-548

Authors: Jidhesh R, Bhavya P, Fathimath Sinan K P, Rugma R, Lathesh K

Nowadays wireless network became a trend than wired networks. Wireless networks provides various applications due to its mobility and scalability. Mobile Ad hoc NETwork (MANET) is one of the most important application. MANET does not require a fixed network infrastructure. But, MANET is vulnerable to malicious attackers. Thus, an efficient intrusion detection system is needed to protect from attacks. A new IDS named Enhanced Adaptive ACKnowledgment is proposed for MANETs which performs higher malicious behavior detection rates. It prevents attackers from initiating false misbehavior report and forge acknowledgment attacks.

549-560

Authors: Narender Singh*

A large proportion of India’s villages has been connected with all weather roads and has low volume of traffic. The main composition of such roads is granular layer with or without thin bituminous surfacing. The common problem to rural roads is that their maintenance is neglected because of paucity of funds and poor institutional set up, and the road asset created at a great cost is lost. Cement concrete pavement offer an alternate to the flexible pavements especially when the soil strength is poor, the aggregates are costly and drainage conditions are bad. Concrete pavements have now been constructed for low volume of traffic because of their durability even under poor drainage conditions. Rural roads connecting major roads are sometimes required to carry diverted traffic which may damage the concrete pavement slabs. Such factors may be considered while arriving at thickness of concrete pavements. It is well established that the concrete pavements demand a high degree of professional expertise at the design stage as the defective design may lead to concrete failure even if the construction is done with great care. Indian Roads Congress has issued the first revision of IRC: SP: 62 in 2014 for design and construction of concrete pavement for low volume of roads. In this paper, efforts have been made to elaborate the different design aspects of concrete pavement for rural roads which will be helpful for the young engineers and research scholars.

565-571

Authors: Sapna 1, Naveen Goel2

— In this paper work we propose a position update method that uses geographical coordinate to update the location of node and unknown node problem for the effective data transmission and communication in Wireless Network. In this approach, adaptive location update approach for topographical routing which dynamically sets the occurrence of location update information based on the mobility dynamics and the furthering outlines of the nodes in the network. In this the relevancy of the proposed approach; the results are compared with the results of one of the better existing approach. Adaptive position update based on On-demand learning (ODL) and mobility prediction (MP) to reduce the power consumption.The proposed approach is implemented using MATLAB R2009b. The results are explained by finding out all the retrieved relevant information by estimating the stability and usability.

582-589

Authors: Deepak kumar sharma,

As we know the computers are widely used in every field either it is of geography, medical, pharmacy, astrology. Astronomy and so on. The ongoing advancements in all these fields require a big database and the place from where this data is retrieved easily to use. The data is some time is in hierarchal format. But the array of memory that we use to save information is in only in 2-D, we have trees for such information in data structure. Q- Tree or Quad tree one of the ways of representing data in the memory. The problem is of representing data in this tree so that one can do searching, insertion and deletion in a fastest manner. With the increase in traversing and searching the performance of the computer too increases

594-599

Authors: Kuldeep Jain, Vimal KumarAgrawal

Image compression is now very important for applications such as transmission and storing data bases. In this paper we review and discuss about the image compression, need of compression, its principles, and various algorithm of image compression. This paper attempts to give a recipe for selecting one of the popular image compression algorithms based on Wavelet, JPEG/DCT, fourier, and huffman approaches. We review and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of these algorithms for compressing true color images, given an experimental comparison on commonly used image of wpeppers.jpg.

605-610

Authors: Pooja Kapadne

Todays growing technologies and services have gave the profound platform to new technique called cloud computing. Cloud computing is gaining immense importance in todays’ business and organizational platforms due to availability of required resources to the user anytime-anywhere. Sharing data among multiple users is perhaps one of the most engaging features that motivates cloud storage. Therefore, it is also necessary to ensure the integrity of shared data in the cloud is correct. The data stored on cloud is subject to skepticism due to existence of hardware and software failure and human errors. Moreover Cloud Service Provider (CSP) may not inform data owner about its data loss to safeguard its reputation and business. So, there is a need for a mechanism to allow data owner and public verifier to efficiently audit cloud data integrity without retrieving the entire data from the cloud. In addition it must not reveal the identity of the signer on each block of data to the public verifier. Ring signatures are used to compute the verification metadata needed to audit the correctness of shared data. The introduced mechanism is able to perform multiple auditing tasks simultaneously instead of verifying them one by one.

617-623

Authors: Kamal Kumar Pandey*1, Savita Maru*2

- In the modern era the uses of advanced technology is increasing very much. The computing power increases very much yet the changing of a bridge deck slab into grillage has not changed the same extant. The assumption for changing the bridge deck into grillage is very important .Therefore in this present study, a bridge deck slab is converted into grillage modeled for different skew angles. The width of carriageway and length is considered constant for different skew angles such as 300,350,400,450,500,550,600 .These models are made by STAAD PRO. The spacing between transverse grid lines and longitudinal grid lines are assumed in a ratio. The spacing ratio of grid lines is very important because for finding the most correct values of reactions, shear force, bending moments, torsion and deflections. The spans are used 7.5m for carriageway and length is 10m for the entire grillage model.

629-638

Authors: K.TEJASWINI, K.MANOJ KUMAR

This paper deals with the Deflection control of beam and frame like structures with distributed piezoelectric (PVDF) actuator layers bonded on top and bottom surfaces of the beam. The patches are located at the different positions on the frame to determine the better control effect. The study is demonstrated through simulation in MATLAB for various voltage controllers. The entire structure is modeled using the concept of piezoelectric theory, Finite Element Method (FEM) using lumped mass approach. The numerical simulation shows that the sufficient deflection control can be achieved by the proposed method.

639-654

Authors: Mr.N.B.Baraskar1, Prof.U.R.Kawade2

— In the recent years there are vital changes in the construction process. In old days building are constructed with Concept of load bearing and then RCC frame construction invented. Now RC Structural wall construction in metropolitan cities is widely used. The latest technique is invented for the modern construction is called as Aluform technique or Mivan technique .In this technique whole building is design with RC structural wall i.e. shear wall .It is specially design to allow rapid construction on all types of architecture layout. This research work having scope of analysis and design of G+15 storey building with RC Structural wall and its advantages as a structural point of view. For this thesis design software ETABS is used for design and analysis. Analysis is carried out considering the various seismic and wind load condition for both system of framing. Column beam conventional system and RC structural wall compared on the basis of various structural parameters. From analysis result new structural parameter is represented which having the best performance in the worst loading. For validation of work we will go for part manual calculation to check correctness of analysis. Then design for the both system is carried out. For both the system design comparison is done on the basis of % steel and concrete quantity with cost consideration too. Concluding remark will be given with respective high structural performance.

669-672

Authors: Sunil S. Pattanshetti 1, Sagar M. Gawande 2, Parag S. Dawane 3,

The crisis triggered by the rapidly growing population and industrialization with the resultant degradation of the environment causes a grave threat to the quality of life. In this paper a review has been taken over various aspects of sewage problems & its treatment. The Evaluating Treatment Facility Options are discussed & Possible Treatment options are illustrated. Options for low- and middle-income communities, Aerobic versus anaerobic treatment, aquatic Treatment Technologies options are discussed in the paper.

678-683

Authors: Ms. Gagan kaushik #1, Mr. Sachchida Nand*2

This paper presents the study and implementation of district cooling system. In a district cooling approach cooling is served for group of buildings. This study is aimed to show the DCS conversion suitability of the existing buildings in India by the case study. In existing infrastructure there is no requirement for load calculation, and also we know the actual load profile for each building. It is observed that sometimes buildings are designed with excess tonnage of refrigeration that could not be fully utilized. To take advantages of above known factors, existing HVAC system is modified with sharing of loads. Different organizations have different load profile during a day. The two different buildings are chosen for the study. This analysis is completed to model a DCS for these two organizations. Most of the time both buildings run at their part load. It allows to design a centralized chiller plant for lesser load than the cumulative load by opting a lesser value of diversity factor.

694-705

Authors: T.Kavitha1, P.Nagarjuna2

Faults and device failures in wind farm electrical power generation systems can interrupt their performance causing a huge loss of power and network destruction. Generally the electrical power distribution and generation systems are extremely large and very complex. Due to their inherent complex architecture a small fault in a corner part of the wind farm power generation and distribution system can disturb the entire wind farm system, there by destructing its structure and normal operation. As a result the system should be shut-down until or unless the faulted line or faulted section is located and isolated efficiently. In a Solution to this ever teasing problem a new control approach is proposed for enhancing the fault Ride through capability of wind farms connected to the grid through a Voltage-Source-Converter-based High-Voltage DC(VSC-HVDC) transmission line using an Intelligent Fault Sensing and Isolation Circuit(IFSIC) which will detect and locates the faults and faulted sections in Wind Farm System(WFS) by sensing the spurious fluctuations in line voltage and currents .IFSIC controls the voltage drop in the wind farm connected grid upon occurrence of the fault in the high voltage grid to achieve faster power reduction to decrease the resulting power wastage due to the occurrence of fault. IFSIC has its associated circuitry which will monitors each section of the WFS to detect operational deviation and to counteract accordingly .IFSIC not only acts as a unit which provides the Fault Ride through Capability but also performs the job as a DG unit to integrate the WFS with High Voltage Grid System(HVGS). This project is practically implemented and tested in MATLAB environment and the simulation results proved that the proposed method is the best in all aspects and outperforms all the existing methods and techniques.

710-723

Authors: 1Vikas Bhumarkar

For the enhancement of rate of heat transfer of flowing air in the duct of a solar air heater, by applying an artificial roughness on its surface is one of the very effective technique of solar air heater absorber plate, till now numbers of geometries of roughness element has been investigated and their effect on enhancement of heat transfer has been carried out. This paper is an attempt has been made to classify and review various study of roughness geometries used for creating artificial roughness. On the basis of correlation obtained by different investigation for heat transfer coefficient and friction factor, enhancement of heat transfer coefficient is compared with standard data and experimental data. It is also an attempt to compare the thermo-hydraulic performance of different geometry of solar air heater duct have been reviewed and presented

732-740

Authors: Neethu Salim, Neetha John, Benny Cherian

Cuk converter-fed brushless dc motor (BLDC) drive as a cost-effective solution for low-power applications is presented. The speed of the BLDC motor is controlled by varying the dc-bus voltage of a voltage source inverter (VSI) which uses a low frequency switching of VSI (electronic commutation of the BLDC motor) for low switching losses. A diode bridge rectifier followed by a Cuk converter working in a discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) and continuous conduction mode (CCM) is used for control of dc-link voltage with unity power factor at ac mains. Performance of the PFC Cuk converter is evaluated under four different operating conditions of discontinuous and continuous conduction modes and a comparison is made to select a best suited mode of operation. The performance of the proposed system is simulated in a MATLAB/Simulink environment. The simulation of sensorless operation of permanent magnet brushless direct current (BLDC) motor. The position sensorless BLDC drive simulated and is based on detection of zero crossing from the terminal voltages differences. This method relies on a difference of line voltages measured at the terminals of the motor. This difference of line voltages provides an amplified version of an appropriate back EMF at its zero crossings. The commutation signals are obtained without the motor neutral voltage. The effectiveness of this method is demonstrated through simulation.

749-755

Authors: Ujwala Pawar, Dhara T. Kurian

Privacy preserving of the data is major concern when a user or data owner outsources the data to another party on cloud. Here the main task is to find the cloud computing structure so as to make it secure for the watermark detection. To deal with such requirements in compressive sensing (CS) based layout secure multiparty computation (MPC) protocol is used. While in CS conversion the secrecy is maintained by MPC of CS matrix. Data holder, Watermark owner and the cloud for storage are major part. Homomorphism based pallier public key and secrete sharing based techniques can be used for the conversion of the data. The secrecy is maintained by the semi-honest model as all the MPC follows unique protocol. The framework provides protection for multimedia data which is stored on cloud and condensed and republished legally. RIP (Restricted Isometric Property) plays a significant role for renovation of the image. In CS, it includes the aimed image, watermark reorganization and size of CS matrix. Some methods such as Normal Distribution with District Cosine Transformation (DCT) can be used for detection of watermark. The accuracy of the extracted functionality is approved through experiments. The hypothetical analysis and the results of experiments give realistic solution by means of watermark reorganization. The outline can also be extensive to other mutual protected signal processing and data-mining applications in the cloud.

766-772

Authors: Namrata Poonia, Abhishek Shanghi

This work proposes an improved optimal sizing method for wind-solar-battery hybrid power system (WSB-HPS), considering the system working in stand-alone and grid-connected modes. The proposed method is based on following principles: a) high power supply reliability; b) full utilization of the complementary characteristics of wind and solar; c) small fluctuation of power injected into grid; d) optimization of the battery’s charge and discharge state; e) minimization of the total cost of system

777-792

Authors: Shiny Mathew1, Shilu Mathew2, M.Haroon Hamed3and Ishtiaq Qadri3*

“Neurology Diagnosis System” is a web-based expert system for diagnosis of neurologic disorders or the disorders of our nervous system. It is built by using Web based decision support system (WBDSS) by encoding rules of the neurology domain and by developing a framework to learn from the cases of the patients. This knowledge encoding is essentially the implementation of two artificial reasoning techniques called case-based reasoning and rule-based reasoning and is ultimately used to assist the diagnosis of neurological disorders based on the principles and practices of medical diagnosis. Concerning the methodology, the basic principle is to encode the knowledge of the neurology domain in the form of rules and representative cases and use this knowledge to solve new cases of patients. To perform the reasoning, input to be provided is the clinical examination data along with medical history. The result of performing rule-base reasoning is a list of probable diseases and the output of case-based reasoning is a list of cases similar to the one being diagnosed. The proposed system will assist medical personnel especially in rural areas where there are shortage of doctors in providing quality health care services. The proposed system can be useful for new practitioners for neurological diagnostics.

800-806

Authors: MS. N. S. Sheth1, Asst. Prof. A. R. Deshpande2.

Record linkage merges all the records relating to the same entity from multiple datasets, at the entity level. It is the initial data preparation phase for most of the database projects. Traditionally one to one data linkage is performed among the entities of same type with common unique identifier. The proposed one to many and/or many to many record linkage method is able to link the entities of same or different types with or without availability of common unique identifier. Here a probabilistic record linkage which is based on clustering tree construction that classifies the matching entities by linkage. The tree construction is based on the one of the splitting criterion for the best attribute selection that partitions dataset at each node of the tree. Record Linkage is used in recommender system domain to produce list of recommendations at each leaf of the tree. It is used for matching new user with their product expectations in order to produce list of recommendations. In propose method a decision tree based record linkage is applied to generate book recommendations. This technique is also useful in solving cold start and new user problems.

828-835

Authors: PATTI.RANADHEER

The Active Superconducting Current Controller (ASCC) is a new type of Fault Current Limiters which can limit the fault current in different modes and also has the particular abilities of compensating active and reactive power for AC main circuit in the normal state. The use of the ASCC disturbs the operation of Over Current Relays (OCR) used in the distribution system. In consideration that applying superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) may be a feasible solution, in this paper, the effects of a voltage compensation type active SFCL on them are studied through theoretical derivation and simulation. The active SFCL is composed of an air-core superconducting transformer and a PWM converter. The magnetic field in the air-core can be controlled by adjusting the converters output current, and then the active SFCLs equivalent impedance can be regulated for current limitation and possible overvoltage suppression. Due to the difficulty in power network reinforcement and the interconnection of more distributed generations, fault current level has become a serious problem in transmission and distribution system operations [10]. The utilization of fault current limiters (FCLs) in power system provides an effective way to suppress fault currents and result in considerable saving in the investment of high capacity circuit breakers. In this work a resistive superconducting fault current limiter designed.

842-847

Authors: Banupriya

This paper aims at automation of a Paper machine for industrial purpose which will replace the existing linear shaft paper machine system into Sectional Drive paper machine to overcome all the drawbacks of old system. The current linear Drive paper machine used in paper making cannot easily maintain coordination for all operating condition. Hence linear Shaft Drive paper machine is replaced by a Sectional drive paper machine using individual drives and motors for each section and Automating the machine using PLC and HMI .Coordination for all operating conditions are obtained irrespective of the gear ratio.

854-861

Authors: Soumya. M1, Savitha.G2, Dr. Vibha lakshmikantha3

Anonymous Communication is a critical issue in case of mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs). It is very tough to learn the source and destination of the communication link and the other intermediate nodes that are involved in the communication. Many techniques are proposed to improve the anonymous communication in case of MANETs. However, MANETs are vulnerable under certain situations like passive attacks and traffic analysis attacks. Here the traffic analysis problem, expose some of the methods and attacks that could conclude that MANETs are weak under the passive attacks. To clearly show how to find the hidden traffic patterns without decrypting the caught packets, Secure and Efficient Traffic Pattern Discovery (SETPD) in MANETs is proposed. In order to discover the communication patterns SETPD works passively and carries out the traffic analysis depending upon the statistical features of the caught raw traffic. SETPD has the ability to find the source node, destination node and the end-to-end communication path in case of mobile ad-hoc networks.

868-872

Authors: Divya Suneja(

This paper describes the concept of Wireless sensor network .Firstly, We describe the architecture or working modules of the sensor network and then tried to focus on the flaws of the sensor network such as scalability, energy efficiency etc. As sensor network consist various tiny and low cost sensor nodes with low battery life which will cause entire network die.

880-887

Authors: Jayshree Jaunjalkar, Nutan Dhande, Dhananjay Sable

A mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) consists of a group of mobile nodes (MNs) that communicate with each other without the presence of infrastructure. MANET has a changing topology due to the movement of mobile nodes in the network. These mobile nodes are battery operated and require battery resources for communication purpose, also these resources are limited. So, some energy efficient routing protocols are used in MANET to provide battery resources to mobile nodes. This protocols help to reduce the power consumption of nodes and also lengthen the battery life to improve the life time of the network thus, improve network performance of the network. In this paper, an attempt has been made to implement the energy efficient routing protocol i.e. LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) and again modify this protocol using optimal selective path forwarding algorithm, named as OLEACH. Using this protocol, we can improve the network performance by reducing the power consumption of mobile nodes in the network.

895-899

Authors: L K Pandey

In 1989, K. Matsumoto [3] introduced the notion of manifolds with Lorentzian paracontact metric structure similar to the almost paracontact metric structure [8], [9]. Also in 1988, K. Matsumoto and I. Mihai [4] discussed on a certain transformation in a Lorentzian Para-Sasakian manifold and in 2011, R. Nivas and A. Bajpai [7] studied on generalized Lorentzian Para-Sasakian manifolds. T. Suguri and S. Nakayama [11] studied D-conformal deformations on almost contact metric structure. T.Imai [2] discussed on hypersurfaces of a Riemannian manifold with semi-symmetric metric connection. In 1975, Golab [1] studied quarter-symmetric connection in a differentiable manifold. In 1980, R. S. Mishra and S. N. Pandey [5] discussed on quarter-symmetric metric F-connection and in 1982, K. Yano [12] studied on semi symmetric metric connections and their curvature tensors. Symmetric metric connections are also studied by K. Yano and T. Imai [13], Nirmala S. Agashe and Mangala R. Chafle [6], R. N. Singh and S. K. Pandey [10] and many others. The purpose of this paper is to study generalised D-conformal transformation and genaralised induced connection in a generalised Lorentzian contact manifold.

922-934

Authors: Bhagyashree S. Zope1, Prof. Nilima V. Warke2, Prof. P.P.Vaidya3

In this paper, we are introducing a digitally controlled biased amplifier for nuclear timing spectroscopy. Time to Amplitude Converter (TAC) is a device that gives an output signal with amplitude proportional to the time interval between the generated input "start" and "stop" pulses.The amplitude information from the TAC is often applied to a Multichannel Analyzer (MCA) for time intervals, commonly called a timing spectrum. The time coincidence spectrum obtained shows that the spectrum is away from the origin. Also, when the signals within a particular range are amplified; they seem to get into the saturation mode thus making it unavailable with the actual signals required for processing. In order to avoid the amplified signals to go into the saturation mode conventional analog biasing techniques are used. The conventional analog biasing techniques have been studied, and it is observed that the resolution obtained is comparatively poor. Also, the MCA’s are computerized and if direct computerized data is obtained, it would be more beneficial to control MCA operations. In order to obtain good resolution and digitized control of the time coincidence spectrum, a new digitally controlled biased amplifier circuit has been introduced, where the current output of the biasing Digital to Analog converter (DAC) and gain DAC is obtained.

943-953

Authors: Ratna Prasad, R.1 , Darga Kumar, N.2

The study of granular sub base stabilized at 25% fly ash showed better results in CBR and strength aspects. As the percentage of fly ash increases from 0% to 25%, the CBR values are decreasing for both the unsoaked and soaked conditions. For tJhe fly ash content beyond 15% addition to soil is causing about 50% to 65% reduction in the CBR values for both the unsoaked and soaked conditions. The percentage of fly ash increases from 0% to 25%, the angle of internal friction of gravel soil is decreasing. This decrease in angle of internal friction is marginal up to about 10% of fly ash and. From 15% to 25% of fly ash, the angle of internal friction observed is almost constant and its value is in the range of 360 to 380. Up to 25% of fly ash can effectively be utilized along with the granular subbase in the pavement construction

958-969

Authors: Vikas Lokesh1, Srivathsan Jayaraman2, Aishwarya N3, Alta Soni4, Dr. H S Guruprasad5

Numerous cloud simulator tools and frameworks have been developed to aid the simulation of cloud environments in order to test any newly proposed algorithm, model or concept without having to incur the cost of deploying the same on an actual cloud infrastructure. These cloud simulation frameworks are documented and well-illustrated with examples by their respective authors and there exists several such survey papers which delineate and differentiate the features of these frameworks. In this paper, however, we cite some of the recent researches taken place in the world of Cloud Computing where some of these cloud simulators were made use of. It can be observed that although most of the cloud simulators and frameworks have similar architectures and functions, they considerably differ when comes to capability and extensibility. It is also observed that few Cloud Computing concepts cannot be satisfactorily simulated by any of these simulators.

982-987

Authors: Ani Pappachen1, Nirosha R2

The increasing popularity of tablets and smartphones has created a huge traffic load demand for radio access networks and has resulted in massive energy consumption and large emission of greenhouse gases. As the demand for energy in the information and communication technology is increasing abruptly, there is pressure in the cellular network operators to reduce the power consumption in the networks. In a typical cellular system, the base stations (BSs) contribute 60%-80% of the energy consumption of the whole network [1]. Recent studies shows the possibility of dynamically turning on/off some of the base stations can improve the energy consumption significantly. Therefore, to reduce the cost and the amount of energy conserved in cellular network, the reinforcement method is used. This project is mainly proposed for improving the energy conservation of base stations in cellular radio access networks by Markov decision process along with reinforcement learning approach. Here the traffic is calculated through the online processing by Markov decision process [2]. To speed up the ongoing learning process, a transfer actor-critic algorithm is used. We evaluate the proposed scheme and improve the energy consumption in micro cell regions as a further improvement to this project.

1001-1007

Authors: Manoj Arun Raskar , Prof. Sagar Gawande

The urban water distributing systems are suffering huge quantity of water loss while distributing water through pipe network. The water production and consumption data required to evaluate water loss but unfortunately this data were not available with the local bodies in developing cities. This paper review a method developed for measuring water loss under such condition where meters were not available to measure volume of water at every point in a distribution system. The water balance table developed by IWA/AWWA is used to identify the point of entry and exit of water throughout the distribution system for analysis water loss. The water supply through municipal corporations of Ahmednagar was selected to execute proposed methodology. Random field survey was carried out to collect required data and it was consist of actual field measurement and physical inspection. Personal interview for daily consumption was used to evaluate water quantity. The collected data will make possible to evaluate water loss in the city and allowing for planning and actions that must be programmed to prevent additional water and revenue losses.

1014-1018

Authors: Manika Pandey#1, Vimal Kant Pandey *2

— During the transmission of data over channel, the data gets affected by the noise, which leads in reducing the effectiveness of system. To obtain the effective output, error detection and correction technique is achieved using error control codes providing Forward Error Correction technique which plays an important role in wireless networking facilitating the effective communication, thereby limiting the noise. The paper illustrates the convolution encoding with the decoding based on Viterbi algorithm. The performance of the code is analysed in terms of Bit Error Rate in comparison with the un-coded data. The complexity of the decoder increases with the increase in constraint length. The simulation was performed using BPSK modulation scheme in symmetric Additive White Gaussian Noise channel in MATLAB.

1027-1034

Authors: Nikhil Mohanan, Sija Gopinathan, Bos Mathew Jos

A single input, multi-output AC-DC boost converters with power factor correction is proposed. Conventional transformer-based multi-output DC-DC converters have the drawbacks of high cost and large volume. Therefore, the single-input multi-output configuration with power factor correction is developed in order to reduce the component count and cost for multi-output DC-DC converters. Mathematical model of the proposed converter with PFC is developed and dynamic simulation model is developed in MATLAB/Simulink platform. Simulation study is carried out and results show that this topology promises improved performance compared to earlier systems.

1049-1056

Authors: Jasvir Kaur, Neha Jain, Mohita Garg

Steganography is an excellent means of conversing if there is guarantee on the integrity of the channel of communication. Each technique can be implemented easily, but if someone tries to find out the tricks after knowing that someone using the stego-video file, then there are good chances of finding out the hidden information. In order to avoid this, some hybrid system is used, in such a way that even though someone finds out the one technique, it is used only on few frames and other frames contains different kind of steganography and hence total secrete message is not delivered. Due to these embedding the video Steganography get dispersed using different types. In Video Steganography data is encrypted behind the least significant bits of video frame. Main problem arises because due to embedding behind least significant bits of video frames stagnalysis can be one easily on these frames to retrieved data. This does not provide security to secret data. Second issue is that on embedding the data size of data gets increases which are not easy to transmit over the network. In the proposed work, to overcome these problem occurred in video Steganography various types of approaches has been studied and MLSB is taken as most appropriate approach for embedding of data. Size of embedded data can be reduced by performing compression to stego video file.

1064-1071

Authors: Neethu P Uday, Smitha Paulose, Sini Paul

A new soft-switched bidirectional buck and boost converter suitable for high-power applications such as hybrid electric vehicles , power factor correction, and fuel cell power conversion systems is investigated in this work. The converter attains Zero Voltage Switched (ZVS) turn on of the active switches which reduces switching losses. The voltage ratings of components and energy volumes of passive components of the converter are reduced compared to the conventional zero voltage transition converters. The proposed converter has also achieved voltage conversion ratio almost double compared to the conventional boost converter. The performance of the converter is analyzed using MATLAB/Simulink R2010a.

1079-1089

Authors: Supriya Singh*, Alka Tripathi*& S K Srivastava**

The presence of chromium (VI) in ground water of Unnao Industrial area, Uttar Pradesh, India has been found up to 5.36 mg/l and due to its health impact on human body it is essential to search for new remedial measures for its removal from drinking water sources. The area contains a number of tanneries and the resulted solid / liquid waste is dumped in the nearby areas. Chromates are often used to manufacture, among other things, leather products, causes allergic contact dermatitis and irritant dermatitis, resulting in ulceration of the skin, sometimes referred to as "chrome ulcers". This condition is often found in workers that have been exposed to strong chromate solutions in electroplating, tanning and chrome-producing manufacturers. The acute toxicity of chromium (VI) is due to its strong oxidative properties. After it reaches the bloodstream, it damages blood cells by oxidation reactions. Hemolysis, and subsequently kidney and liver failure, are the results of this damage. Due to severe health impact of Cr (VI) on human body the removal becomes more essential particularly from the drinking water. Conventional methods for removal include chemical precipitation, lime coagulation, ion exchange, reverse osmosis and solvent extraction .These methods for removal of heavy metals from wastewaters however, are often not economically appealing because of high operational cost. The search for new technologies involving the removal of chromium from tannery wastewaters of Unnao industrial area has directed attention to biosorption, based on metal binding capacities of various biological materials. The major advantages of biosorption over conventional treatment methods include low cost, high efficiency of metal removal, minimization of chemical / biological sludge and ecofriendly. The objective of this study is to develop inexpensive and effective biosorbent that is easily available in large quantities and feasible economically for Cr (VI) metal ions in solution. Here, biosorbent has been prepared from easily available Mangifera indica / Ficus racemosa / Syzygium cumini bark to carry out chromium (VI) removal from tannery contaminated water. The parameters investigated are contact time, adsorbent dosage, temperature, variable initial chromium (VI) concentration and pH. The adsorption process of chromium (VI) is tested with Linear, Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The results of Mangifera indica bark on the Langmuir isotherm to the systems yielded maximum adsorption capacity of 19.64 mg/g at 30 oC at a solution pH of 7. The adsorption was found maximum up to 80.2% at low pH in the range of 1-3.The contact time of 60 min resulted to the 67% adsorption of metal in 5mg/L solution using adsorbent dose of 1g/L. While the Ficus racemosa bark on application of the Langmuir isotherm to the systems yielded maximum adsorption capacity of 25.9 mg/g at 30oC at a solution pH of 7. The adsorption of chromium (VI) was found to be maximum up to 83.78% at pH in the range of 1-3.The contact time of 60 min resulted to the 36.82% adsorption of metal in 50mg/L solution using adsorbent dose of 1g/L . Syzygium cumini bark on application of the Langmuir isotherm to the systems yielded maximum adsorption capacity of 31.51 mg/g at a solution pH of 7 having Cr (VI) concentration 50 mg/L and biosorbent dose 1g/L. The adsorption of chromium (VI) was found to be maximum 95.63% at low pH values of 2 having Cr (VI) concentration 50 mg/L and biosorbent dose 1g/L. The contact time of 60 min resulted to the 55.28% adsorption of metal in 50mg/L solution using adsorbent dose of 1g/L. The hexavalent chromium removal efficiency of Syzygium cumini bark has been found better as compared to Mangifera indica & Ficus racemosa barks and it can used for removal of chromium (VI) from the tannery polluted water as a low cost biosorbent. The FTIR technique was also carried out to correlate the adsorption sites of biosorbent.

1097-1101

Authors: Rohit S. Kerlekar, Dinesh Y. Dhande, Mahesh B. Nigade, G. E. Kondhalkar

Hydrodynamic journal bearings are widely used due to their high load carrying capacity and good damping properties. The bearing carries higher loads which reduces film thickness and increase pressure of fluid film. The pressure distribution is important in both load capacity estimations and dynamic analysis. We can analyze the pressure of fluid film and total deformation of 3 Lobe hydrodynamic journal bearing by Fluid Structure Interaction technique. The CFD results were compared with experimental results and good agreement were found. It is observed that, pressure and load on bearing increases with increase in rotation speed of journal. This paper describes FSI technique with optimization.

1110-1116

Authors: Jince Jose, Eldhose KA, Elizabeth Sebastian

This Paper introduces new hybrid converter topologies which can supply simultaneously AC as well as DC from a single DC source. The new Hybrid Converter is derived from the single switch controlled high gain Buck-Boost converter by replacing the controlled switch with voltage source inverter (VSI). This new hybrid converter has the advantages like reduced number of switches as compared with conventional design having separate converter for supplying AC and DC loads, provide DC and AC outputs with an increased reliability, resulting from the inherent shoot through protection in the inverter stage. Switches are controlled using PWM control, based upon unipolar Sine-PWM is described. Simulink model is used to validate the operation of the converter. The proposed Converter can supply DC and AC loads at 96 V and 48 V respectively from a 48 V DC source.

1127-1131

Authors: Vinitha Panchaman, Steffie Sara Philipose

This paper presents an image segmentation method aiming at detection of foreign strands from cotton. Detecting foreign strands from the background is difficult due to their various shapes, size and colors of foreign strands. In this method, saliency features are identified. Color objects are identified by their color feature while gray objects are by brightness feature. Final foreign strands is obtained by fusion of the color and gray objects. But this method does not work well when it encounters situations of uneven thickness of the layers of cotton and the different colors and shapes of foreign strands. So, to get better result, in the proposed method, morphological edge detection is performed to detect the edge of the foreign strands. Also, an iterative thresholding method is used to segment the gray gradient images. The experimental results show that the foreign strands are detected with high accuracy than the conventional image segmentation methods.

1138-1148

Authors: Rathod Dnyaneshwar N.1 , Prof. Kulkarni Prasad2

Now a days, the importance of cloud computing grows rapidly. Cloud Computing Environment allows business/company users to scale up and down their resource usage based on their business needs. Many of the touted gains in the cloud model come from resource multiplexing through virtualization mechanism. In this paper, I display a system that uses virtualization technology to allocate data center resources dynamically based on application demands and support green computing by optimizing the number of servers in use. For this purpose I used concept of Virtual Machine (VM) & Physical Machine (PM). I present the concept of “skewness” to measure the unevenness in the multi-dimensional resource utilization of a server. By reducing skewness, we can combine various types of workloads nicely and improve the overall utilization of server resources. I develop a set of heuristics that prevent overload in the system effectively while saving energy used. I present a resource allocation system that can avoid overload in the system effectively while minimizing the number of servers used.

1148-1155

Authors: Feeba George, Mrs. Aneesha Balaji, Mr. Anand Raj

Fire is one of the greatest threats to buildings. Concrete has a good behavior under fire due to the low thermal conductivity and non-combustibility. Concrete can act as a protective cover to steel reinforcement and thus reinforced cement concrete shows good behavior under fire. A finite element method in ANSYS software, for investigating the behavior of T- beam and L- beam under fire is carried out. Thermal analysis is done for beam models. The number of sides exposed to fire, influences the extend of fire resistance of the structural member. As a result the time taken for failure varies rapidly which can be found out using thermal analysis. Temperature is assigned on different sides of the beams as per ISO 834 Standard fire curve. The element type used for concrete in thermal analysis is Solid 70. Link 33 is element type used for steel. The cover provided to steel holds a very important role in the fire resistance of flexural members.