International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science

6-19

Authors: Edessa Dribssa , Tilahun Nigussie, Bazen Tsegaye

The research on ‘pumps as turbines’ at this critical phase of developing decentralized small hydro systems is appropriate for many reasons. The conventional turbine technologies like pelton and cross flow turbines that have been implemented in the micro hydro sector have to be custom-made and are therefore more expensive. They also need expert design and precise manufacturing skills for a good performance. This often becomes a bottleneck especially for smaller projects below 20 KWs of installed capacity. An alternative approach of using well-known ‘pump as turbine’ technology can be contemplated and popularized. Pumps are readily available all over the world in every shape and size, mainly due to the ever-increasing demand for pumping application [7]. This research presents CFD based prediction of performance analysis of PAT for Dabis Hydro site which is located in West Shewa zone of Ethiopia, at 8°52'38.97" N latitude and 37°47'04.95" E longitude. According to secondary source data, the site is characterized by a minimum flow rate of 0.025 m3/s and a gross head of 17m.The estimated output power for this site is 2.70 kW. The numerical study of a centrifugal pump running as turbine at different operation conditions was achieved using commercial CFD software Ansys CFX. 3D Navier–Stokes equations were solved using Ansys CFX. The standard turbulence model was chosen for turbulence model. Using results from simulation, complete characteristic curves of the pump in normal and reverse modes were obtained. After that, the performance of PAT was estimated using various methods proposed by different researchers. Experimental data from AAIT is used to test the accuracy of various correlations that can be used to generate turbine-mode operation curves from pump curves. And the simulation result of the PAT at best efficiency point (BEP) was compared with results obtained using published empirical formulas and the prediction method proposed by Stephanoff [15] showed acceptable result. The efficiency of the pump is greatly improved beyond the BEP when the impeller tips is made round. As the impeller speed increase, impeller torque decreases. Whereas as the rotational speed of the PAT increases, the power outputs as well as the efficiency of the PAT increase until the impeller speed reaches 1400 RPM. Lastly, the effect of draft tube on PAT was simulated and studied. The results show that the PAT head increase when draft tube is added to the system.

11-17

Authors: Ramesh H R 1, Mahendra S M2 & Guruprasad.A.M 3

The analysis and design of the phase-locked loop (PLL) system is presented for the phase tracking system of the single phase utility interface inverters Phase-locked loops (PLL) are widely used in power electronics equipment connected to the mains. The use of a square wave voltage-controlled oscillator instead of a sinusoidal one eliminates one multiplier, resulting in a simple PLL algorithm, suitable for low-cost processors. In spite of its simplicity, distorted grid voltages cause steady-state phase error. This project proposes the use of a modified square waveform obtained by the selective harmonics elimination (SHE) method to solve the phase error problem.

20-27

Authors: Tanvir Ahmed, Foisal Ahmed, Sifat Hossain

High peak to average power ratio of the transmitted signal is the major limitation of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing technique. The aim of this paper is to approach for a new modified selected mapping (SLM) technique. The modified technique has the inclusion of the idea of sub-block partitioning of signals. Then, from a comparative analysis between the conventional SLM scheme and the modified SLM scheme, it is shown that the modification gives better complementary cumulative distributive function (CCDF) of the PAPR of transmitted signal. All the simulations works are done in matlab.

28-32

Authors: Mr.Ashish S. Kadu

Segmentation is nothing but making the part of picture or any object. Pattern recognition and image analysis are the early steps of image segmentation. In the computer hallucination domain and image analysis we can done important research topic in the segmentation of video with dynamic background. Image segmentation is most of adjudicating or analyzing function in image processing and analysis. Image segmentation denotes to partition of an image into different regions that are homogenous or similar and in homogenous in some characteristics. Image segmentation outcomes have an effect on image analysis and it following higher order tasks. Image analysis embraces object description and representation, feature quantity. Higher order task follows classification of object..Hence characterization, meditation of region of interest in any image, delimitation plays an important role in image segmentation. Using the different algorithms the current methodologies of image breakdown is reviewed so that user interaction is possible for images. In this paper, the review of spitting image is explained by using different techniques.

34-39

Authors: SMITHA SETHUMADHAVAN

The Dynamic voltage restorer [DVR], a custom power device has been used to protect sensitive loads from the effect of voltage sags /swells on the distribution feeder. The IDVR proposed in this paper provides a way to compensate the voltage sag caused in the power line. The main function is to inject the difference in voltage to the power line and thus maintain the load side voltage at the optimum value. This paper presents the modeling aspects of the IDVR system with the MLI working against voltage sags by simulation. The modelling and simulation of single phase IDVR using sinusoidal pulse width modualtion is presented.The digital simulation is carried out using MATLAB/SIMULINK. dc/dc converter is used to adjust the DC link voltage considering the amount of voltage sag so that the maximum possible output voltage levels are generated for a wide range of voltage sags.Closed loop control of voltage sag for simple IDVR system is modeled and simulated using MATLAB software.

41-47

Authors: Sudarshan Bharadwaj DS

This paper provides some of the initial performance results of Vision Correlator. Vision Correlator measures and process the synchronization signals of PRN code. Vision correlator has the capability to remove the effects of erroneous signal on the code and carrier measurements. This characteristic of vision correlator makes it a key factor for signal quality monitoring. This paper also provides the experimental results of the vision correlator under varying power levels and compared with the early performance results. It is observed that, the theoretical concepts as stated by the device designer differ when it comes to real time implementation.

48-53

Authors: Dr Prashant Shrivastava

The advent of electronic gadgets and advanced technology has revolutionized the role of English language teachers in the classroom. In the modern context, they cannot run their classes untouched with multimedia and its application wise support. This article will discuss the crucial role of media in teaching English efficiently as well as in more interesting way to English speakers of other languages and also in constructing a bridge in between language and communication. In the current perspective of gathering knowledge and information, media not only cater an effective and expeditious service but it encourage also to the students who wish to learn English. It, with a great assistance to the teachers and students, integrate LSRW skills and impart various kinds of activities in classrooms. In the present day and age, media tools i.e. podcasts, movies ,news papers, magazines, brochures, advertising supplements, audio-visual material, programs on television, animated information through videos on youtube, e books and many more have changed the traditional way of teaching as a whole and more surprisingly in ELT. When we talk about the use of media in teaching English, the conjoined word which comes in our mind is Internet which works as a facilitator for providing all sort of multimedia tools on a single click of mouse. This is a very platform that fetched the teaching on more pragmatic and interesting ground meeting the needs of modern classrooms. The curriculum of communication skills as well as English language becomes more rewarding when we consolidate media and internet in ELT. The paper will also cast an analytical sight on some of my self-experienced examples with their usages in future perspective of pedagogy.

54-58

Authors: CH SRISAILAM T.Srihari T. Chinna Babu

The objective of this paper is improving the solar energy by using mirror reflection. By using solar tracking the generation of solar energy is less compare to the mirror reflection. So, we can generate more solar energy by using mirror reflection. The improvement of the output power using plane mirror reflector is even higher than that of sun tracking and secondly these reflectors are very cheap and are easily available in market. The average power output during mid day as increased substantially using mirrors, the solar panels equipped with such mirrors can also be utilized for loads/equipments requiring higher power inputs during that period of the day.

61-67

Authors: B.HAREESH1, N.SRAVANTHI2

In this paper, the proposed converter is predicated on a moiety-bridge LLC resonant converter structure and a single auxiliary switch is integrated at the primary side. The converter has two different operational characteristics. It shows the same operational characteristic with the conventional LLC resonant converters during nominal state. However, when ac line lost and the converter enters into the hold-up time state, which requires wide voltage gain changes,the control method of the proposed converter is transmuted to the PWM method utilizing the auxiliary switch. Since the proposed converter compensates wide voltage gain variation with PWM method of the auxiliary switch, the frequency variation range for the LLC resonant converter is highly reduced in the proposed converter. Therefore the transformer in the proposed converter can be designed at the optimal operating point and it results in decremented conduction loss of the magnetizing inductor current. Furthermore, the maximum voltage gain of the proposed converter is facilely incremented by elongating the obligation ratio of the auxiliary switch. It avails to decrement the link capacitance. To verify the efficacy of the proposed circuit, operational principle will be expounded and experimental results will be presented with following designation. 100 kHz of switching frequency, 250–400 V of input voltage range, 250 V of output voltage, and 75 W output potency.

68-72

Authors: R. D. Madankar A. M. Shah

The devices such as laptop, mobile phones and personal digital assistants (PDA) require low power VLSI devices because these devices are operated on battery. The mobile devices require high speed and low power consumption for their long battery life. So power delay product plays vital role in designing of VLSI circuits. Flip flops are one of the most complex and power consuming component among the various building blocks in digital designs. Clocking network and flip flops consume about 30 to 70 % of total power in the system out of which 90 % is consumed by flip flop. So in this paper the designing of low power and area single edge triggered D flip flop is shown . This flip flop has reduce area and we are designing it by using various nanometer technologies.

74-78

Authors: JIGNESHKUMAR I. BRAHMBHATT, Prof. R. L. PATEL

- In the present work, degradation of pharmaceutical effluent has been investigated using hydrodynamic cavitation process. In this study, the effect of hydrodynamic cavitation was examined for the different time intervals from 0 to 150 mins. In hydrodynamic cavitation pump was used of 1 H.P capacity and reactor capacity was 50 litres. With hydrodynamic cavitation, maximum COD removal achieved was 80.36% in 90 mins.

81-88

Authors: S. A. Takalkar, Student Y. D. Borole, Assistance Professor

This paper presents very efficient method that greatly reduces the consumption of hardware during design of FIR filters. Parallel processing together with linear phasing is a powerful technique which can be used to increase the throughput of the FIR filter or reduce the power consumption of the FIR filter. FIR filters are designed by exploiting the nature of symmetric coefficients. With the efficient usage of symmetric coefficients reduces the number of multipliers with increasing the number of adders, which does not affect the hardware cost to a great extent. Reduction in multiplier is advantageous with increase in certain number of because adders weight less in cost in terms of its silicon area and also the number of sub filter blocks remains fixed and does not increase along with the length of the FIR filter. With combination of fast FIR filtering and area reduction technique, a major reduction of multipliers is done. Overall, the proposed parallel FIR structures can lead to significant hardware savings for symmetric convolutions from the existing FFA parallel FIR filter, especially when the length of the filter is large

89-95

Authors: Jasbir Kaur1 and Lalit Sood2

Due to rapidly growing system-on-chip industry, not only the faster units but also smaller area and less power has become a major design constraint for VLSI community. Further, demand for high speed is continuously increasing. In processors, most commonly used arithmetic operation is the addition operation. It is the adder delay that determines the maximum frequency of operation of the chip. Different topologies have been put forward, each providing trade-off between different performance parameters and as such no design is considered as superior. Carry select adder is considered to be best in terms of speed and provide compromise between ripple carry adder and carry look-ahead adder, but to a lesser extent at the cost of its area. In this paper, a modified carry select adder is designed that can add up to five 16-bit numbers with the help of compressors by following basic carry select addition procedure which is efficient to increase its speed of operation. This design is simulated using Cadence Tool.

101-107

Authors: Satyavrat Sahai*, Prabhat Kumar Sinha, Earnest Vinay Prakash

Numerous advancement have been made in developing intelligent systems, some inspired by Biological Neural Network. In this paper this latest technique is used to predict the deformation with the use of natural frequency and mode of a selected Metal Matrix Composite (MMC). The modelling of this material is done using advanced analysis software ANSYS. The material matrix used in the design of the experimental model is Ti6Al4V. The ANN model is developed using non-linear autoregressive with external (exogenous) input (NARX) time series. The NARX network in this work is a feedforward network with the tan-sigmoid transfer function in the hidden layer and linear transfer function in the output layer. This network has two inputs. One is an external input, and the other is a feedback connection from the network output. To assign the network architecture for a NARX network, one needs to select the delays associated with each tapped delay line, and also the number of hidden layer neurons. In the following work, the input delays and the feedback delays to range from 1 to 4 and the number of hidden neurons to be 20. The created ANN model is run and the performance (P), gradient (g), coefficient of determination (R) and MSE are calculated by training and testing of the proposed network.

108-112

Authors: Dhale A. D.1 , Ghodke L. S2., Hase P. U3. , Jarag S. V4., Shelar S. S5.

This paper discusses how to reduce human efforts in dishwasher. The dishwasher has made cleaning and drying dishes much easier and more efficient. This paper also discusses the problems faced in usage of Automatic Dishwasher and solutions on those problems. Automatic dishwasher uses large amount of energy, time and is costly. And being costly, the usage of automatic dishwasher in our country is very less. By using semi-automatic dishwasher, we can reduce time as well as human efforts significantly. Also by using plastic material for casing part, the overall weight of the assembly is also reduced. By separating assembly in 3 parts for washing of dishes, rinsing of dishes and washing of glasses, large amount of work can be done in considerably lesser time. In conventional dish washing process large amount of human power as well as quantity of water is used. So keeping that in mind, to reduce this Semi-Automatic dish washer is developed. Also we can use this in places where there is vast use of dishes for example, marriage ceremony. This dishwasher is useful for household use, which can save time and cost rather than spending in washing dishes by hand and wasting large amount of energy.

113-119

Authors: Dr. A.G. Matani1, Md.Rafik S. Choudhari2

Researchers have done several researches on heat transfer enhancement in tube by inserting various tapes in past few years. There is need to increase the thermal performance of heat exchangers, thereby reducing size of heat exchanger and saving of material, effecting energy & cost led to development & use of heat transfer augmentation techniques. This research has been worked out to study the effect of triangular wavy tape insets with various designs on heat transfer rate, pressure drop, friction factor. The experiment was conducted for the Reynolds number in the range of 3260-14930 using triangular wavy tape inserts of dimensions 900mm of length, 24mm width and 2mm thickness. The pitch of triangular wavy tape insert is 88mm. The Nusselt number obtained from experiment is in the range of 13-79. Friction factor was found out and it lie in the range of 0.18-2.03. The experimental results indicate that the tube with the various inserts provides considerable improvement of the heat transfer rate over the plain tube.

120-125

Authors: Ujwal Parmar, Sharanjit Singh- Astt.Prof. M.tech (CSE)

— VANET stands for Vehicular Ad-hoc Network. It is the sub category of MANET(Mobile Ad-hoc Network). It serves a critical infrastructure for road safety and traffic efficiency. It is an emerging technology to achieve intelligent inter vehicle communication that results in improved road safety and essential alerts.[1] Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET) serves user with safety and non safety applications but needs security to implement the wireless environment In VANET vehicles does not have fixed infrastructure because of the reasons that vehicles are nodes with mobility. It serves safe and non safe wireless applications due to which security is most important concern in VANET. In this paper we will present comprehensive study of various attacks in VANET and comparison of various attacks in VANET. "[1],[3]"

126-135

Authors: Prafulla M. Chor[1], Dr. PriamPillai[2]

The gears are used for a wide range of industrial applications. They have varied application starting from textile looms to aviation industries, automobile gear box and machine tool application to transmitting the power. Their function is to convert input provided by prime mover into an output with lower speed and corresponding higher torque. Spur gears are used to transmit the power up to velocity ratio is ten. This phase they induce high stress at the point of contact. A pair of teeth in action is generally subjected to contact stresses causing fatigue failure of gear tooth. The main purpose of this study is to reduce the contact stress of gear by increasing the module of gear. One Spur gear train is selected for analysis. The Contact stress of existing gear train is calculated and compared with fatigue strengths of gear material. If this stress on gears are higher than fatigue strengths means gears are failed due to fatigue. To reduce the contact stress by increasing the module of gear. The contact stress are calculated by Hertz’s Equation and Strain gauge is used for the experimental investigation of the stress field.

142-145

Authors: Gaurav Goyal, Rajiv Munjal

A wireless sensor network consist of large number of nodes that possesses very small battery life and data processing capabilities but these microelectronics system are capable of measuring physical and various environment related consequences like sound, pressure, motion, pollution causing agents etc. In this paper we will review the basics of wireless sensor network and outlier in the wireless sensor network. We will present various features of outliers like their types, how they are identified, various sources and degree of outliers. At last we will also present various challenges in detection of outlier in wireless sensor network.

146-153

Authors: G.Ranjithkumar, S.Gomathi, B.Kirthika.

Locus Discovery and Tracing System help us to find friends and family member’s location with the help of Global Positioning System (GPS). The Location Based Service (LBS) is used to track the exact position of vehicle with the help of the GPS. Locus Discovery and Tracing System provide ability to track user’s mobile device when user nearby location. This system uses mobile device, mapping service and repository system. The mobile device used to find location and send the pop up alert message to user. The repository used to store data about mobile user and map location. The mapping service is used to produce mapping data for mobile client and also web client. The nearby location is determined by the geographical area (geo-fence); the geographical area is divided into different types of zones. When user cross these one of the area the alert message is sent to user based upon zones (i.e. safe, risky, high risky).

154-158

Authors: Upma, Poonam Singal

Some conditions and requirements are not fulfilled by the individual amplifiers, so to accomplish various goals, hybrid configurations of amplifiers are designed. These hybrid amplifiers are composed with combination of (EDFA-SOA, RAMAN-EDFA, RAMAN-SOA) different amplifiers. In this paper we have investigated the performance of different amplifiers with 8 channel transmitter at data speed of 10 Gbits/s with constant attenuation value .2 dB/km. Performance is analyzed on the basis of Quality factor, eye opening, eye closure, jitter, bit error rate(BER).Different combinations provide better result that are suitable for efficient optical communication.

159-167

Authors: Ms. Radha G. Dobale, Prof. R. P. Sonar

Proposed work states the load balancing concept in cloud. Instead of partitioning a file into a no. of chunks and balancing a load by migrating different chunks to different chunk servers, here a Load Balance Nearest Search Algorithm is presented to cope with the load imbalance problem. In this it migrates one user’s one whole file into any one nearest node. Load is transferred from heavily loaded node to physically closed lightly loaded node. The proposed work strives to balance the loads of nodes and reduce the demanded movement cost with reduce spending on technology as much as possible

168-171

Authors: Sulaja Sanal

ALL is the most common type of leukemia in children. It is fatal if left untreated. The early detection of ALL is an important factor for the proper treatment. The manual checking of blood smear is time consuming and depends on the operator’s ability. Hence automated techniques are introduced to enhance the performance. In this paper different automated method used for the detection of ALL is described.

172-177

Authors: M N Barabde, S R Danve

The current water quality monitoring system is a manual system with tedious process and is very time consuming. Thus to overcome the problems caused by the manual monitoring, a real time water quality monitoring system for water resources at remote places is proposed. The system architecture consists of data monitoring nodes, a base station and a remote station. All these stations are connected using wireless communication link. The data from nodes is send to the base station consisting of ARM controller designed for special compact space application. Data collected by the base station such as pH, turbidity, conductivity, etc is sent to the remote monitoring station. Data collected at the remote site can be displayed in visual format on a server PC with the help of MATLAB. This approach brings several advantages over current monitoring systems in terms of cost, portability, and applicability.

181-186

Authors: Tinu Elizabeth Thomas, Reby John, Nisha Elsa Vargese

A new fusion method is been proposed for creating highly informative fused images from multiple images of the same scene.The proposed method is based on a two-scale decomposition of an image into base and detailed layer and then fusing the image by using a weighted guided filter. An edge awareness is being incoperated to Guided filter to adress the problem of halo artifact. Experimental results shows that the proposed method can obtain better performance for fusion of multifocus,multimodel and multiexposure images.

187-194

Authors: Ragini Sharma1, Mahesh kumar Aghwariya2

This paper presents a miniaturized inverted fork patch antenna with ground plane. This design is a modified design of [1]. This design offer proper impedance matching of patch antenna with tremendously increased bandwidth (1 GHz). It reduces return loss of antenna and increases the gain of antenna. This antenna has been simulated at 2.67GHz frequency using CST software. This modified design reduces back lobe radiations of patch antenna hence increases the directivity of antenna. The proposed antenna design has good directional properties and also miniaturize patch antenna so it can be widely used in microwave applications.

195-199

Authors: P. Muni Babu, B.V. Himasekhar sai, Dr. A. Sreenivasulu Reddy

The Flow Shop Scheduling refers to the schedule planning problems especially for larger volume of systems with very less variations in requirements. Make-span and total tardiness are two most important goals in scheduling to make the given schedule plan as an efficient and should be able to satisfy the customer demands. Flow shop scheduling become NP Hard problem due to its larger size and laborious operations; moreover the bigger problem need more time to solve. In this paper genetic algorithm is used to solve n-jobs m-machines flow shop scheduling problem to get the optimum results of make-span and total tardiness. A JAVA program is developed for this scheduling problem, where the key operation for obtaining the optimum results is coded by GA(Genetic Algorithm). The present work considers two case studies one of them is that all jobs are required for every machine in a shop floor, and the second case is a job may not require to vary machine. In each case four simulation runs are performed for each combination of crossover and mutation in order to optimize the make-span, total tardiness and therefore finally to find the required job sequence.

200-205

Authors: Ashish K. Rewatkar1, Dr. Pradeep B. Dahikar2, Ashwin Y. Ankar3

Many branches of scientific and industrial research require precise instrumentation for control and measurement that tend to be prohibitively expensive. In the current globaleconomic climate, the funding to procure such equipment is fast dwindling. Rather than facea gradual downturn in research activity as a result of equipment procurement difficulties, analternative is to design and build low-cost instruments. We present in this work development of Luminescence Instrumentation, this is the very precise and low cost instrumentation develop by using Embedded Technology for the method of thermoluminescent material characterized. This instrumentrequires precise control and measurement of experimental parameters, particularly the sampleexcitation temperature and output intensity.Thermoluminescence (TL) is a misnomer in the conventional sense of the names of Luminescence processes like Cathode-luminescence, Chemo-luminescence, Electro-luminescence andBioluminescence; heat is not an excitation agent in TL but only a stimulant. The excitation is achievedby any conventional agent like ionizing radiations, UV rays, mechanical vibrations, stress, and chemicalreactions and so on. Thus Thermoluminescence is the phenomenon of luminescent emission afterrenewal of the excitation under conditions of increasing temperature. Phosphorescence at any temperature after the cessation of the excitation is nothing but isothermal decay of TL at thattemperature hence TL should be defined as the thermally stimulated release (in the form of opticalradiation) of energy stored in a material by previous excitation.

206-214

Authors: Nikhil Gedam; Prof.A.K.Mahalle

This research work will give a new technology in the field of cotton boll picking mechanism and to develop machine which is low weight ergonomically which could be used to pick cotton bolls. In India entire cotton is handpick by labor, internationally available machine for cotton boll picking is costlier and its shows that due to spindle type cotton picking machine, percentage of short fibre content increases result in poor quality of cotton fibre strength. Suction type cotton boll picking machine will give new technology in the field of agriculture, which is helpful for Indian farmer, it is not costly and easy to handle. Farmer can easily use suction type cotton-picking machine.

215-221

Authors: Dr. Jayanta Gope1, Mr. Anubhab Mandal2, Mr. Sanjay Bhadra3

SET is predicted as meritoriously flourishing technology in contemporary electronics with modern physical effects of electron charge transport. It renders countless development in device integrity, robustness and depicts extreme low power consuming features. Most interestingly, the straightforward circuit construction validates single electron charging effects in the single electron box. It demonstrates all pros of large scale electronic circuits that consist in CMOS technology built ICs. Thus SET ushered new scopes in replacing age old CMOS. The authors here attempted in designing one decision making subsystem using SET technology. Further the proposed model was validated using SIMON simulation tool.

222-230

Authors: 1.Mrs Suparna pal

The steady state operating mode of a power system is balanced 3 phase ac. However, due to sudden external or internal changes in the system, this condition is disrupted. When the insulation of the system fails at one or more points or a conducting object comes in contact with a live point, then short circuit or fault occurs. As power lines are heavily interconnected to the systems. So fault analysis is very important for stability analysis. The one section faults will cause serious effects to other sections also. This idea has been analysis through this paper. In first case we have take a sample IEEE 14 bus system and creates the fault in one locations and which detects by the protection devices and clears but this fault is also creates the instability of voltages in nearby system(in bus----).As we know that relay circuit has detects the faults and give the tripping signals to the circuit breakers and circuit breakers open the faulty line from healthy lines but sometimes it requires delay that system will balanced by itself, but here we see that within delay timing this fault will effects other lines also and voltage will decrease from there rated conditions. So we must need to improve and analysis whole system to maintaining reliable supply to other lines. This work has been studied through mat lab.

229-239

Authors: Gopakumar G, Neethu Treesa Jacob

Robust hashing method is developed for detecting image forgery including removal, insertion, and replacement of objects, and abnormal color modification, and also copy move and spliced forgery, and for locating the forged area. Both global and local features are used in forming the hash sequence. The global features are based on Zernike moments representing luminance and chrominance characteristics of the image as a whole. The local features include position and texture information of salient regions in the image. Secret keys are introduced in feature extraction and hash construction. While being robust against content preserving image processing, the hash is sensitive to malicious tampering and, therefore, applicable to image authentication. The hash of a test image is compared with that of a reference image. When the hash distance is greater than a threshold T1 and less than T2, the received image is judged as a fake. By decomposing the hashes, the type of image forgery and location of forged areas can be determined e.g., replacement of objects or abnormal modification of colors or copy move and spliced forgery. Compared with some other methods using global features or local features alone, the proposed method has better overall performance in major specification, especially the ability of distinguishing regional tampering from content preserving processing.

239-245

Authors: Ashwini S R1 , Dr.Nataraj K R2

Sensing and data collection are monitoring applications that are implemented using Wireless Sensor networks. Geographic routing is well suited for WSN applications. In Geo routing, routing protocol obtains information of each node location. That information is very important for sensor networks. In greedy forwarding, connectivity hole are major issue. This paper presents ALBA, a protocol for geographic forwarding in Wireless Sensor network that balances the load among nodes using a hybrid metric and Rainbow mechanism, it is a node coloring algorithm for routing around dead-ends and connectivity holes without Planarization and face routing. In this paper the performance of ALBA-R in terms of packet delivery ratio, per packet energy consumption and end to end latency is evaluated using ns-2 based simulations. Our results show that ALBA-R is energy efficient protocol compared to the other routing protocol in dense WSN’s i.e., GeRaf/ IRIS, thus it is best suitable for real network deployments.

246-252

Authors: MeghashreeM1, Uma S2

Providing reliable and efficient route for communication under fading channel is one of the major challenges in WSN, specially in the industrial wireless sensor networks(IWSNs).In this work we present the Reliable Reactive Routing to increase the resilience to link dynamics for WSN/WSN. Reactive Routing protocols provide reliable and energy efficient packet delivery against the unreliable wireless by utilizing the local path diversity. In this work we are introducing based back off scheme during the route-discovery phase to find a robust guide path, which can provide more forwarding nodes. In this biased back off scheme we are using guide path, using this guide path data packets are moving towards the destination through node’s cooperation without utilizing the local information.

253-258

Authors: Rachna1, Nishika2

Wireless sensor networks with hundreds of sensor nodes have emerged in recent years as important platforms for a wide spectrum of monitoring tasks ranging from environmental to military applications. Its growth is expeditiously increasing and that’s why there is an immense field for research in this area. A sensor network is a static ad hoc network which consists of hundreds of sensor nodes that can be deployed on the fly operation being not attended so the main design issue for a sensor network must be conservation of the energy available at each sensor node. Wireless Sensor Network depends on nodes have limited energy, memory, computational power, range and it is important to increase energy efficiency by saving the battery power so as to extend the life time of the given WSN deployment. In WSN, data is measured by nodes and same is send to Base Station at regular interval. Different protocols are used for energy consumption, in wireless sensor network. Sensors depend entirely on the trust of their battery for power, which cannot be revitalized or substituted. So the design of energy aware protocol is essential in respect to enhance the network lifetime. LEACH, LEACH C and HEED, TEEN, VGA, PEGASIS are energy- efficient hierarchical based protocols that balances the energy expense, saves the node energy and hence prolongs the lifetime of the network. So this paper presents a detailed review and analysis of these energy efficient protocols.

262-265

Authors: Mr. G.D Yadav1, Dr. M.S Pawar2.

Organic manure plays important role to yield productivity of soil. It is good quality source of nitrogen phosphorus and excellent source of calcium and potash. The evenly spreading of manure on farm field is extremely important to achieve better effect. In India traditionally manure has distributed with help of fork and other mechanical device which is very tedious and slow process. The study of existing literature of manure spreader shows there are mainly two types of spreader viz. animal drawn spreader and tractor operated spreader. Performance of available spreader on different parameter has been studied which shows tractor operated spreader gives better result. Study also focus on their limitations of design and source of power supply. There is scope of develop tractor operated spreader attachment which will driven by rear wheel of trailer. By dismantling the attachment we can use trailer for transportation.

275-280

Authors: Anjali Garg, Antara Datta, Gaurav Singh, Shrikant Pawar

The most widely used mode of human computer interaction, keyboard and mouse, restrict the pace and naturalness with which the interaction takes place. The use of intuitive hand gestures is a widely sought after alternative for desired ease of use. Controlling our personal computers via hand movements from a distance can elicit great freedom in terms of position and convenience. The proposed system aims to achieve that by putting to use the built in 3-axis accelerometer in mobile phones. The accelerometer determines the phone’s motion and orientation in terms of X, Y and Z axis. Thus, it can sense the tilt, movement and speed being applied to the phone. The various gesture patterns made in the air while holding the phone can be used to manipulate the controls on our personal computers. Our system uses the Dynamic Time Warping technique for measuring the similarity between two temporal sequences which vary in time and speed. This system is going to be implemented with some already known and some new techniques. Due to the intuitive nature of the system it promises to be user friendly and can find its use in many other applications.

286-289

Authors: Anvita Saxena, Jyoti Chaudhary

Discovering semantic knowledge is significant for understanding and interpreting how people interact with each other for a discussion. It becomes possible to extract frequent patterns of human interaction based on the captured content of face-to-face meetings by using mining method. Human interactions, such as proposing an idea, giving comments, and expressing a positive opinion, indicate user intention toward a topic or role in a discussion. Tree is used for representing a human interaction flow in a discussion session. Tree-based interaction mining algorithms are designed to analyze the structures of the trees and to extract interaction flow patterns. It can successfully extract several interesting patterns which is useful for the interpretation of human behavior in meeting discussions, such as determining frequent interactions, typical interaction flows, and relationships between different types of interactions.

290-302

Authors: Munendra C V , Anusha Inamdar, Ranjeeth Kumar

This work is carried out to investigate the flow structure around a circular cylinder with V- grooves numerically. Drag coefficient and turbulence statistics of wake behind each cylinder were analyzed for Reynolds number based on the cylinder diameter (D = 40mm) in the range ReD = 2 × 104. The V- type grooves reduce the drag coefficient acting on the cylinder by 28.47% at ReD = 2 × 104, compared with that of smooth cylinder at the same Reynolds number. The results were compared with that of a smooth cylinder having the same diameter and the fluid flow characteristics of wake behind the V- grooved cylinder have been analyzed. However, for the case of V- grooved cylinder, the vortices are largely distorted and spread out significantly as they go downstream and the longitudinal grooves seem to shift the location of span wise vortices toward the cylinder, reducing the vortex formation region as compared to the smooth cylinder. The pressure and velocity contours were ensemble averaged to get the spatial distributions of turbulent statistics including turbulent intensities and turbulent kinetic energy. In case of smooth cylinder, large-scale vortices formed behind the cylinder maintain round shape and do not spread out noticeably in the near wake. The sharp peaks of longitudinal V- shaped grooves also suppress the formation of large-scale secondary stream wise vortices and reducing turbulent kinetic energy near-wake region and the secondary vortices are broken into smaller eddies.

302-310

Authors: Anushri Aware, SonaliVaidya,PriyankaAshture, VarshaGaiwal

In today’s century the automation has made human’s life easier. This paper gives idea about automating home system in which we can control and manage devices like lights, fans using android application through internet connection, also by using home automation system we can provide home security provided by the IR sensor as burglary alarm if any intrusion is detected. Home Automation System also provides Video Feedback to the android user for surveillance purpose. It reduces human efforts as well as saves energy and time. The main advantage of this system is that it is very much helpful for handicapped and old people. This system helps handicapped and old people to control devices and alert them in critical situations. In this paper, we have designed the android app and PC application for controlling home system. All home appliances like lghts and fans with relays are connected to the embedded circuit board which will be connected to the home PC.And through Home PC we are providing the authentication to the system for various mobile users to access home appliances. The Communication between Home System and Android Application will make through Cloud server using internet or wifi.

311-315

Authors: Arindam Chakraborty,Prof Sujoy Saha

Manipulators are machines which consist of degree of freedom from 1 to infinity depending upon the applications, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) are the machines which can access certain typical location whereas ground vehicles can’t access. In these work a dissicusion for proposal to employing an UAV with a hyper redundant manipulator, which results to have a mobile manipulating UAV. This proposal can help in structural and other repair, disaster and medical emergencies, cargo supply and resupply etc. Hosting a manipulator in an UAV has few challenges like manipulator movements and interaction with objects which may lead to negatively impact for the host platform stability. The control of the host platform of UAV has many aspects like motion capture system for position control, as compared with the control in a fixed objects host is poor. To overcome such issues the implementation of Hyper- Redundant Manipulator is necessary as it can reduce the negative impacts on the host platform as the ability to move in free space, the redundancy of the arm affords highly approachable workspace for the end effector i.e. allowing the end effector to work with the objects smoothly regardless host platform motions.

316-319

Authors: Vishal Arunrao Damedhar1, Prof. V.S. Nandedkar2

How data can be shared from one part of the world to the other in near real time came with the arrival of internet. Along with this they have introduced new challenges like maintaining the confidentiality of transmitting the data. This gave a boost to the research area related to cryptography. Firstly, Encryption of images with the accepted encryption algorithms had significant downside as key management was complicated and limited. Secondly, introduction to new area for encrypting images was splitting the image at its pixel level in to multiple shares. But the major drawback of this approach was that the recovered image had a poor quality. To overcome these mentioned drawbacks we have proposed a new approach which does not attempt to use any type of keys for encryption.

320-325

Authors: Saranyarani.R

A novel joint data-hiding and compression scheme for digital images using side match vector quantization (SMVQ) and image in painting. The two functions of data hiding and image compression can be integrated into on single module seamlessly. On the sender side, except for the blocks in the leftmost and topmost of the image, each of the other residual blocks in raster-scanning order can be embedded with secret data and compressed simultaneously by SMVQ or image in painting adaptively according to the current embedding bit. Vector quantization is also utilized for some complex blocks to control the visual distortion and error diffusion caused by the progressive compression. After segmenting the image compressed codes into a series of sections by the indicator bits, the receiver can achieve the extraction of secret bits and image decompression successfully according to the index values in the segmented sections. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

326-353

Authors: Prakarsh A. Sangave, Shubhangi M. Nikate,

In view of the vast growth in RCC construction, a research based on optimization of multistoried RCC buildings was carried out since so many years. Many projects come across financial constraints during their development stages. This project is emphasizing on the further development of optimization integrated with different techniques to judge the cost effectiveness of RCC structure. The present study focuses on analysis of (G+10) RCC space frame structure using various optimization methodologies. The analysis of space frame was done by Seismic Coefficient Method and Response Spectrum Method using ETABS Software. The project aims at finding a concrete solution on optimization techniques for economic analysis and design of RCC space frame with dual systems. (Moment resisting frames with shear walls or bracings.) In this project optimization was carried out on whole building frame not on an individual element. The fundamental optimization criterion chosen is the area of reinforcement per square feet. Analysis and design results are presented in the form of required area of reinforcement per square feet in (mm2) in optimization techniques for overall structure. The result shows that, after application of different optimization methodologies, a significant saving in cost of material and there by the cost of construction can be done.

337-342

Authors: Kavitha. S

Present day in-car infotainment systems use audio DSP to incorporate many advanced features. The paper briefs about the car radio architecture which is used in high end infotainment systems and explains how the audio mixing takes place in the superposition block of the audio DSP. The paper also explains the audio processing operations like filtering and scaling, which a signal undergoes before it reaches the output of the speakers. It also contains how audio mixing takes place in the superposition block of audio DSP.

351-356

Authors: Dashrath Mane[1] (Asst.Prof), Swapna Salian[2] (Student) MCA

This paper enlists the possibilities of combining three different aspects and trying to get the best out of them. It derives the various advantages that these technologies have as individual entities and the probability that they can proliferate better if put together to use. We will assess how Big Data, Cognitive Computing and Big Data Testing have their own strengths in general. We will later deduce how we can possibly exploit their pros. In today’s world data plays a very key role in everyday decision making. The cons of these technologies can be mitigated if they work in harmony. The results derived from such a combination would be better in accuracy, efficiency and quality.

357-363

Authors: Dibin C Mathew1 , Prof. Nagachandra2

The main objective is to design and implement offline signature verification based on LBP and LDP technique on BegalBoard-XP hardware using OpenCV software. This will help you to know the efficiency of the algorithm on a processor. To design efficient algorithm for offline signature verification. To improve performance parameters like FAR, FRR, TSR. Implementation of the algorithm using Begalboard.In off–line signature recognition we are having the signature template coming from an imaging device, hence we have only static characteristic of the signatures. The person need not be present at the time of verification. Hence off-line signature verification is convenient in various situations like document verification, banking transactions etc.

364-371

Authors: Kavita.H.Dharmannavar1, Mrs.Dharmambal.2

The application of high speed multiplication plays vital role in the Digital Signal Processors. The method of implementation of High speed multiplier is of great concern. The modern multipliers process a drawback of speed in their multiplier design. The mode of multiplication operation takes more time as the the number of implicates increases. Thus designing a processor for High speed multiplication is of great concern. Finite Impulse Response filters normally called as a convolution filter includes a multiplier in it. Both FIR and IIR filters can be designed using the Vedic method. For the fast computation of signals Vedic Mathematics is used. Urdhwa Tiryagyam is one sutra among 16 sutras. It increase the speed compared to conventional method. The time comparison is done between Vedic method and conventional method in MATLAB Domain. The computation time taken by Vedic method is compared with the inbuilt function MATLAB. Later, the computation time is implemented by using Graphical User Interface (GUI).GUI is a tool in Matlab and it acts as a mode of interaction between the user and the system. The results show that the Urdhwa Tiryagbyam sutra reduces the execution time as compared to the inbuilt function of MATLAB.

372-379

Authors: Varun Kumar1 Ms.Nidhi Seth2

Due to the fast development of internet services and a huge amount of network traffic web caching and prefetching are the most popular techniques that play a key role in improving the Web performance by keeping web url that are likely to be visited in the near future closer to the client. Web caching technique work integrated or independently with the web prefetching. The Web caching and prefetching techniques are complement each other since the web caching exploits the temporal locality for predicting revisiting requested url, while the web prefetching utilizes the spatial locality for predicting next related web object of the requested Web url. In this paper proposed work represent the working of a novel approach for web caching and prefetching.This technique enhance the performance with help of using user priority approach. In this paper explain how the response time of hit taken from the user cache is less as compare to the data taken directly from the log file.In this approach cache size and which replacement policy is used for replacement in cache play an important role .For this in this paper explain the comparision of three replacement technique –LRU,FIFO,LFU on basis of hit rate on cache .For improving the performance and response time in web caching and prefetching technique use the best replacement policy after comparision .In this paper also explain enhance the performance of caching and prefetching using user based approach and analyze the prefetching hit ratio b/w priority and user based approach in which clustering used.

380-390

Authors: M. D. Kevadkar 1, Sai Praveen. S 2, Siddhesh Deorukhkar 3

The Indian Telecom industries have witnessed a tremendous growth in network services and data utilization from the last few years which have resulted in installation of large number of towers to increase the coverage area and network consistency. But the construction of new towers takes long time and needs huge initial capital investment. The time delay during construction of new towers and installation of new antennas causes a great interruption for customers in their network services. To avoid these congestions the existing towers should be utilized to their full capacities instead of constructing new towers. The geometrical details of the existing towers can be availed using the mapped data done by the tower climbers and this process of climbing the tower, measuring the dimensions of members and mapping that data is called Reverse Engineering. In this present study, a case study of 3-Legged Triangular Ground Based Tower of elevation 280 ft (85.344m)has done and the tower is analyzed for the newly proposed and installed LTE antennas loads by removing the old GSM/CDMA antennas and checked whether the tower can safely carry the newly proposed loads or not. The analysis has been done using TIA-222-G standard and brief data regarding analysis and results obtained has mentioned below.

391-397

Authors: Anjali H Jamale1, Urmila R Kawade2

this paper presents the variation in the strength of concrete when replacing sand by quarry dust and also effect of inclusion of Fly Ash with the addition Quarry Dust. Slump cone test, carried out on fresh concrete to check the workability while compressive strength, flexural strength, split tensile strength was carried out on hardened concrete. The reduction in the sources of natural sand and the requirement for reduction in the cost of concrete production has resulted in the increased need to identify substitute material to sand as fine aggregates in the production of concretes. In such a situation the Quarry dust can be an economic alternative to the river sand. The study analyses the effect on strength characteristics by various % of quarry dust as a replacement of natural sand in M40 grade concrete and also the combination of various % of quarry dust and Fly ash as a replacement of natural sand and cement in M40 grade concrete. Natural sand is replaced by quarry dust with 0%, 15%, 35%, 55%, and 75% and in combination Natural sand is replaced by quarry dust with 0%, 15%, 35%, 55%, 75% & Cement replaced by fly ash with 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. Compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength were conducted according to Indian standard code procedure. The effect of % of Quarry dust and fly ash in cement concrete is studied in detailed. Test results for each variation are tabulated and discussed in details and some important conclusions are made.

398-402

Authors: Snehal M. Deshmukh Dr.S.R.Gengaje

In agriculture robots are deployed for agricultural purposes. The main use of robots in agriculture is for harvesting , Fruit picking , driverless tractor or sprayer are design to supersede human labor. Main aim is to avoid manual spraying of pesticides at actual farm. It will achieve by replacing human by a robot, through transmission of video of crop to central station. Then central station will control movements of the robot and spraying of the pesticides, using processor in real time. This will reduce the excessive use of pesticide for plant.

403-429

Authors: Mr. Karan Thacker, Prof. Himanshu Joshi, Prof. N.J. Patel

Ductile iron Pipes are casted by Horizontal centrifugal process in which liquid iron is filled through an open channel into a fast rotating mould that is slightly tilted. The mould is water cooled from outside. In order to distribute the metal, the spinning mould including its cooling system is shifted axially in a controlled movement. The quality of ductile iron pipe largely depends on microstructure as well as mechanical properties like Ferrite %, Carbide %, Elongation % and Hardness. These can be improved by analyze and optimize the process parameters during the casting process. In this research paper, Design of Experiment (DOE) based Taguchi Method is used to analyze and optimize the parameters like Pouring molten metal Temperature, Inoculation Quantity and inlet cooling water flow rate. By using Taguchi Method L16 orthogonal array is generated in MINITAB 17 and responses are analyzed by experimental work at different levels of factors. From S/N ratio the best combination of parameters are analyzed by which the predicted Taguchi result is generated. The confirmation experimental test is done and predicted result is compared with actual results. Also the Significance of factors and interactions of parameters are analyzed by Analysis of variance (ANOVA). By performing all this an attempt has made to analyze and optimize the parameters to improve the pipe quality and its life by supplying optimized resources.

413-418

Authors: Pankaj Kumar1, Mr.Nishant Anand2

It is very important to analyze the bugs that is collect by various sources (like from users ,developers that submit the bug report and testers that classified the bug reports)into right categories .In this paper we introduce a bug tracking system tools that analyze the bugs in two different ways. That help to classify bug reports .In first ways we introduce Naïve Bayes classification process by which we find probability of bugs categories on the basis of attributes of category of bug dataset .And in second ways we use natural language processing in summary attributes of bug dataset. By compare the results of two methods we able to classify more accurately and efficiently.

425-428

Authors: Vinit Gopal Savant

In this paper main big-data security issues are discussed. The challenges of security in big data environment can be categorized into authentication level, data level, network level, and generic issues. We also discussed approaches like data encryption, network encryption, logging, node maintenance and algorithms for encryption techniques.

430-434

Authors: Sudhir B Desaia, Sunil J Raykarb*,Dayanand N Deomorec

Dry machining has gained a lot of importance in at the moment in manufacturing industries because possibilities of health hazards due to use of coolants while machining. Many industries are now using dry environment whenever it suitable during machining of various metal alloys. This paper presents a detailed analysis and optimization of surface roughness in dry turning of EN-8 which is widely used material for general-purpose axles, shafts, gears, bolts and studs. ANOVA is used for studying influence of various cutting parameters on surface roughness. For optimization Taguchi methodology is used. The optimized parameters are selected on basis for smaller is better signal to noise ratio criterion. During the analysis it is found that feed is the most significant parameter while dry turning of EN-8 steel. The optimized parameters are 180 m/min of speed, 0.2 mm/rev. feed and 1 mm depth of ct which gives surface roughness value of 1.21 µm.

439-444

Authors: Dhwani V. Sanghani1, Nayan. D. Gosvami2

Universal joint in a rigid rod that allows the rod to bend in any direction, and is commonly used in shafts that transmit rotary motion. It consists of a pair of hinges located close together, oriented at 90° to each other, connected by a cross shaft. The Universal coupling saves the Gear arrangements cost for making misalign to align torque transmission, decreases the work space for transmitting arrangements. Main problem arises in universal coupling is due to failures which maybe manufacturing and design fault, shear failure, improper assembly, raw material faults, maintenance faults, material processing faults, drivable joint angle, cyclic load ,wear, noise etc. Main objectives are to reduce shear failures by Modification of pin (cross) in existing design of universal coupling.The modeling of proposed design is to be done by using CREO software & static and dynamic analysis is to be done in ANSYS software & results are compared with existing design.

445-452

Authors: Sachin Jaiveersingh Yadav¹, Dr. Sunil Bhimrao Thakare²

The number of factories is increasing day by day in various industries. So, in order to meet the demand of population, industries are increasing their production capacities and simultaneously some industries are polluting the environment by releasing waste in environment with out treating them and eventually affecting the ecosystem as these untreated waste pollutes not only water but also pollutes groundwater, land and air also and if it enter the plants through than it enter the food chain and ultimately affecting all the members of ecosystem. The soil samples were collected from different location and with the aim to improve manually contaminated soils samples by saline water, cow dung was used for treating those polluted samples. These soil samples were analyzed at laboratory to observe the role of Indian Cow dung in improving polluted soil. In soils samples collected from different location salty water was added and effects on electrical conductivity of that polluted soil samples was measured. The electrical conductivity of that polluted soil samples was measured on addition of Indian cow dung after six month. The electrical conductivity lowered to much great extent. The electrical conductivity indicates the level of salinity, more the electrical conductivity more is the salinity level of soil. The historical importance of Indian Cow and her effective utilization of panchgavya (mixture of urine, milk, ghee, curd and dung of Indian Cow) and individual products mentioned in various vedic book like Bhagwat Geeta, Mahabharat,etc was studied which was suggested by the known holly persons who were using cow dung as a medicine ,as a thermal insulator, as a plaster, flooring etc. The experimental observation showed that there is a effective decrease in soil salinity level. So, utilization of cow dung helps in improvement of soil properties and protection of environment as a whole.

451-457

Authors: Prajakta Solapurkar,Girish Potdar

In a modern healthcare environment, personal health record(PHR) owners are willing to store and share electronic medical records via the cloud because of its ubiquity and on-demand self service. Secure and efficient data sharing scheme enable patients to have full control over their PHRs and at the same time provide confidentiality and authenticity of personal health data. Selective data sharing requires different documents to be encrypted with different keys, which implies, patients to distribute to users a large number of keys and the authorized users have to securely store the received keys. The need for secure storage, communication and efficient key management renders the approach impractical. The current work focuses on reducing key management overhead by generating a single aggregate key, but does not provide, how it can satisfy the principles of efficient data sharing. So, we propose a scheme to achieve: confidentiality of personal health data, authenticity of personal health data, patient-centric fine-grained access control and revocation of access control using key-aggregate cryptosystem. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme reduces key-size and key management overhead.

458-466

Authors: Yamuna J. 1, Arathy C. Haran 2

The change detection in SAR (synthetic aperture radar) images mainly aims to obtain a reliable change map. The existing method based on log ratio difference image and k-means clustering gives fair results. Efficiency of the change map can be increased in two ways: 1) by increasing the efficiency of the difference image by using a fused difference obtained by fusing log-ratio and gauss log ratio difference images. 2) by means of using an improved fusion technique such as NSCT. An unsupervised change detection of multi-temporal SAR images combining image fusion and denoising using NSCT (Non Sub-sampled Contourlet Transform) and clustering approach is proposed. Difference image is obtained by fusing log-ratio and gauss log ratio image. NSCT is used to fuse the difference images, reduce the effect of noise and feature map construction. The final change map is obtained by clustering the feature vector into two classes: changed and unchanged class. The combination of image fusion, NSCT noise reduction and the feature clustering is expected to give a better change map than the existing techniques.

467-480

Authors: Sumangala G Patil , Anilkumar K, Srinivasa Chari. V, Puneeth K R

over the last century, polymers have emerged as one of the most indispensible components used in everyday life, epoxy or poly- epoxide being one such example. Until recently, synthetic filler materials have been the preffered choice for reinforcement of epoxy to improve its toughness. However, natural filler and fiber materials are emerging as suitable alternatives to synthetic materials for reinforcing polymers such as epoxy due to their environment friendliness, high abundance, renewability and cost effectiveness. Several research efforts have been put to study the effectiveness of natural fiber based materials on the mechanical behavior of epoxy composites, focusing mainly on fibers and their weight percent’s within the composites. The present experimental study aims at investigating mechanical behavior of walnut shell powder reinforced epoxy composites. Composites bearing 10, 20, 30 and 40% weight fraction of walnut shell powder where made using hand layup method. The fabricated composite samples are prepared according to the ASTM standards for flexural testing. Three-point bending testy is carried samples and results are presented. Analytical results and experiment results are compared and they found to be very close agreement.

479-485

Authors: Mr. Nitin Kumar

Wireless sensor networks deployed in harsh and unsupervised environments are prone to large number of attacks ranging from physical tampering, performance degradation, passive eavesdropping to complete network failure. These attacks can be individual or cooperative in nature. Also the target of attack can be a discreet node or distributed set of nodes. Denial of service attack (Dos) is the most common attack in a WSN having several variants like hello flood, Sybil and black hole. Black hole is an active attack which severely deteriorates a WSN from inside with the intent of exhausting the available power by forcing multiple retransmissions. In this paper, I am discussing some black hole attack prevention techniques and also using a modified version of Ad-hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV) protocol to analyze the effect of black hole attack and later the effect of prevention algorithm.

486-491

Authors: Ms. Shagun Chaudhary1, Mr. Prashant Thanvi2

Security of wireless sensor networks is an important concern due to the open and unaided nature of wireless sensor networks. The absence of central monitoring unit makes it vulnerable to several attacks. Denial of service attack (Dos) is an active internal attack which results in performance degradation of the wireless sensor network. This attack can be localized or distributed in nature based on intent of attack. In this paper, I am using modified variant of Ad-hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV) protocol to analyze the effect of Dos attack on system performance and later apply the prevention scheme to analyze the change in network performance.

492-497

Authors: 1Prerna Arora, 2 Rajni

Gait recognition is the process of identifying an individual by the way in which they walk. This is less unobtrusive biometric, which offers the possibility to identify people at a distance. Moreover, gait recognition offers great potential for recognition of low-resolution videos, where other biometrics technologies may be invalid because of insufficient pixels to identify the human subjects. Gait can be used in situations where other biometrics such as iris, face and finger print info do not have sufficient resolution for recognition.

501-506

Authors: 1. Ms. Shraddha Bhatte ,

The issue of personal privacy is increasingly becoming prominent with the widespread use of large media (video, image, text) transmission systems. While the deployment of media transmission systems is justified by the perception of insecurity due to terrorist threats and high criminality rate, the rightful fear of privacy invasion is turning into a significant concern. In this project, we attempt to reconcile on the one hand the need for media transmission systems and on the other hand the concern of privacy protection.

514-521

Authors: Ali Amer A. Hadi

Carbon steel, the most widely used engineering material, despite its relatively limited corrosion resistance used in large tonnages in marine applications, nuclear power transportation, chemical processing , petroleum production and refining, pipelines, mining, construction and metal-processing equipment. The main objective of the present work involved the study of the inhibitive properties of natural product as reed leaves as a safety and an environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitor for low carbon steel in (3.5% NaCl) solution. Results showed when the immersion model in (3.5% NaCl) solution and using (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10% ) reed leaves the amount of loss weight decrease with increasing concentration of inhibitor and this shows the damper on his ability to form a protective layer.

528-542

Authors: Shashikanta Keisham*, Dr Biswajit Paul

The rapid pace of increasing population, economic growth, urbanization and industrialization is coupled with accelerated solid waste generation. Waste generation has been a part and parcel of the development activities of mankind. Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is an example of socioeconomic activities that entails with solid waste generation. Management of municipal solid waste is a national problem and is faced in all the cities of India. Two of the major problems being encountered are the insufficient collection and inappropriate final disposal of MSW. Various collection systems employed by the municipalities collect less than half of the total waste generated. As a result, wastes are either scattered in urban centers or disposed of in an unplanned manner in low lying areas or open dumps, or burned by the residents in their backyards. Insufficient collection and inadequate have made the situation exasperating due to which several environmental and health related problems are increasing. Keeping in mind of the present situation, the current review examines the opportunities and improvements that could be brought about in MSW management (MSWM) system in the country.

549-554

Authors: Harindra G.Baladaniya

Home automation is one of emerging application domains of the Internet of things and M2M. Many home automation technologies are already available, they are basically designed for signal-family homes automation with a very costly, and along with the constant growth of digital appliances in home automation. Due to the large diversities of theM2M applications (e.g., home automation, smart grid, wireless and short wired sensor networks, etc.) and M2M devices, various wireless network technologies (e.g. Zegbee, Wifi, Bluetooth, etc.) are likely to be applied jointly to effectively support M2M applications. However, the heterogeneous network technologies combined with the low-power machine devices and diverse Quality of Service requirements of M2M applications present big challenges to the design and implementation of wireless M2M network protocols and algorithms. In this paper, we present a Development of M2M framework integrating short range wired and wireless protocols for home automation system, and interconnection which easy extensible and fit for future demands. Through subscribing services of the IOT and M2M communication. We focus on the overall Home automation framework, the features and architecture of the components of Home automation, the interaction and cooperation between them in detail.

561-577

Authors: Reshma D. Vartak, Smita Deshmukh

Digital image authentication is difficult for binary images because of its simple binary nature which leads to visible changes after authentication signals are embedded in the image pixels. Hence effective solution to ensure authentication of binary images should take in to account not only security issue of preventing image tampering but also keeping visual quality of resulting image. A new authentication method for binary like gray scale document images based on the secret sharing technique with a data repair capability via the use of the Portable Network Graphics (PNG) image is proposed. An authentication signal is generated for each block of a gray scale document image, which together with the binaries image block content, is transformed into several shares using the Shamir secret sharing scheme and then these shares are embedded into an alpha channel plane. Alpha channel plane is transparent plane; this plane is then combined with the original gray scale image to form stego image in PNG format. In the process of image authentication and verification, an image block is marked as tampered if the authentication signal computed from the current image block content does not match with shares extracted which are embedded in the alpha channel plane. Data repairing is then applied to each tampered image block by a reverse Shamir scheme after collecting two shares from unmarked blocks. Measures for protecting the security of the image content hidden in the alpha channel plane are also proposed.

593-603

Authors: Ankita G. Joshi, Prof. R. R Shelke

— Data mining is the process of finding anomalies, patterns and correlations within large data sets to predict outcomes. Data mining and knowledge discovery in databases (KDD) are treated as synonyms. Knowledge discovery in databases (KDD) is a research area that considers the analysis of large databases in order to identify valid, useful, meaningful, unknown, and unexpected relationships. The main objective of the data mining process is to extract information from a large data set and transform it into an understandable structure for further use. Clustering is a main task of exploratory data analysis and data mining applications. Theoretic Clustering is the task of grouping a set of objects in such a way that objects in the same group (called a cluster) are more similar (in some sense or another) to each other than to those in other groups (clusters). Various algorithms based on simple data structures that can be captured until first and second order statistics are studied. Centralizing the whole data at one source node is not possible so distributed clustering algorithm are in great demand. Distributed clustering is to explore the hidden structure of the data collected/stored in geographically distributed nodes. We incorporate an information theoretic measure into the cost function of the distributed clustering since information theoretic measures take the whole distribution of cluster data into account for better clustering results. We interpret the motivation for choosing the MMI (Maximum Mutual Information) criterion to develop distributed clustering algorithms. The proposed Diffused Kernel DMMI algorithms can achieve excellent clustering results on both text and numeric data. Our proposed system generates optimized clusters in less duration and capable of removing empty clusters.

612-615

Authors: 1Amit S. Chaudhary, 2Subim N. Khan

The study includes an investigation of the stresses, deflections, shear capacity and lateral-torsional buckling behavior of regular I section cantilever beam of jib crane subjected to a uniformly distributed load (self-weight) and a concentrated load at the free end. The lateral torsional buckling is the main failure mode that controls the design of “slender” beams. Different shapes of cantilevers are proposed in this study with different cross section, web shapes and materials. Finite element analysis and experimental study are carried out on both types (i.e. Regular and proposed beam) to calculate and validate results. An optimization technique is used to optimize the solution from proposed different designs. The thickness of the web and flange is constant for all specimens with length 3 to 6 m and tested for 250 Kg and 500 Kg load lifting capacity. Structural analysis is done to examine the influence of the section dimension due to point load at the free end and uniformly distributed load on cantilever. Using the study it is observed that not only the web thickness, but also the shape of web and sectional cross section of cantilever beam influences the resistance to lateral torsional buckling and bending.

650-656

Authors: S.Usha1, M.Karthik 2, M.Arthi3

In the recent times, image segmentation plays a critical role in medical study for taking individual decisions by physicians. This technique attempts to estimate the structure of lumen and plague segmentation on the transverse view of B-mode ultrasound images of common carotid artery (CCA). The proposed method segments both the lumen and plague, whereas only the lumen is segmented in the conventional methods. The lumen contours are segmented using self-adaptive histogram equalization, non-linear filtering, sobel edge detector and morphology methods. Plaque in the blood vessel is examined by automatic detection using Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) filtering and canny edge detector methods. The significant benefit of the proposed method has been numerically validated on real time image data from RCT’S (Philips HDI 5000 Ultrasound Scanner) and results show that the proposed method performs in a better way when compared to existing techniques. The proposed method is simulated using MATLAB (2013a).

661-667

Authors: K.Karthika, K.Kanakambal, R.Balasubramaniam

The vast requirements of infrastructure and resources in IT environment supported by a new trend of technology is called Cloud Computing. The major vital feature of cloud computing environment is Load Balancing. By stipulation of resources to cloud user’s basis on the demand to make sure the efficient load balancing for resource exploitation. Cloud users prioritization based on scheduling criteria in load balancing. The services will be provide in the user level. The cloud user submit their bigger tasks and the task will perform by servers and then cloud user get back the result. Cloud Computing environment have a several issues and challenges there are security ,availability, scalability ,resource allocation etc., Availability will be increased while increasing the load balancing in task on cloud. Load Balancing Techniques are need to augment the performance of the intact Cloud Environment. Using different Load balancing algorithms the cloud nodes will get the load. These algorithms defined to distribute the load between nodes. Satisfaction of users and reliability is a major achievement in cloud using load balancing. This paper concentrates and compares the various load balancing techniques in the cloud.

678-682

Authors: Chaitali S. Pawar1, Suman S. Jain2, Abhijeet M. Gaikwad3

In this paper we discussimportance of risk management in construction project.Risk management in construction is concept that has utilized from proposal of project to the handover of the project. Construction activity involves a number of agencies like the owner; consultant & the contractor may have conflicting interests. In order to establish the duties, obligations, rights, responsibilities amongst the agencies, a contract is required to be made between them which will establish a mutual relationship to do a work. The contract can be used as a risk managing tool to by allocating risks to the various agencies through the various contracts between them andclient, contractors and investors need to establish risk management policy throughout the project life.This paper proposesstudy of risk arises in the contracts. For that qualitative risk analysis is used which analysis helps to predict severity of risks. Risk management includes identification of risks in contract documents, risk classification, risk analysis and then risk control.This paper also found that severity of important risk, considering the suitable control measuresfrom Client and Contractors point of view. The findings of paper are useful reference to similar construction projects in Indiai.e. for local clients, contractors, investors and government.

695-702

Authors: Jivisha, Gaurav Mohta, Saumya Das

Wi-Fi or wireless fidelity is a wireless way to handle networking. It is also known as 802.11 networking. In this paper we have proposed the technique of channel modelling using a modified Saleh-Valenzuela model, using Nakagami-m distribution of small scale fading. The modelling is done for the following frequency ranges: for UWB channels covering frequency range from 2 to 10 GHz. This range covers indoor residential, indoor office, industrial, outdoor and open outdoor environments with a contrast between LOS and NLOS properties. Through this paper 100 impulse responses are realized for each environment.

709-712

Authors: L K Pandey

In 1960, S. Sasaki [7] dicussed on differentiable manifolds with certain structures and in 1961, S. Sasaki and Y. Hatakeyama [8] studied on differentiable manifolds with certain structures which are closely related to almost contact structure. In 1963, Y. Hatakeyama, Y. Ogawa and S. Tanno [3] discussed some properties of manifolds with contact metric structure. Also in 1963, Hatakeyama [2] studied on differentiable manifolds with almost contact structures and in 2011, R. Nivas and A. Bajpai [6] studied on generalized Lorentzian Para-Sasakian manifolds. In 1975, Golab [1] discussed on quarter-symmetric connection in a differentiable manifold. In 1980, R. S. Mishra, and S. N. Pandey [4] discussed on quarter-symmetric metric F-connection and in 1982, K. Yano and T. Imai [11] studied on quarter-symmetric metric connections and their curvature tensors. Quarter-symmetric metric connection is also studied by R. N. Singh and S. K. Pandey [9] , A. K. Mondal and U. C. De [5] and many others. T. Suguri and S. Nakayama [10] considered D-conformal deformations on almost contact metric structure. In this paper D-conformal transformation in a generalized almost contact metric manifold has been discussed. Generalized induced connection in a generalized almost contact metric manifold has also been discussed.

727-735

Authors: Monika#1 Puneet Rani#2

Voice over Internet protocol (VoIP) is a new way of communicating. It is a technology that allows users to make telephone calls over an IP network. This paper will describe Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) to a level that allows business concerns of implementing VoIP, components of a VoIP system. The business concerns will be those that affect Quality of Service (QoS). VoIP components will include end-user equipment, network components, call processors, gateways and two of the more common architectures: Session Initiation Protocol (SIP), This paper gives a brief introduction of VoIP technology: the network structure, protocols, echo and delay, jitter, and packet loss in VoIP network. Finally, the survey concludes with a discussion on the feasibility of providing VoIP over challenging satellite links.

744-748

Authors: Aparna Vijayan1, Sreeram.S2

Image fusion is the process of combining information from two or more images into a single image. The resulting image will be more informative than any of the input images. There is a number of existing image fusion methods. This survey paper discusses about five different image fusion methods such as Discrete Wavelet Transform, Laplacian pyramid, SVM, Higher Order Singular Value Decomposition and Guided filter based weighted average scheme. These methods are mainly based on wavelets, pyramids and filters.

754-766

Authors: Prof. Warudkar A.A

Solid waste management is one of the majar environmental concern in the world .The promotion of automobile Industry has accompanied with increase in prevalent waste material such as waste tyre.The undegradable nature of the rubber and consequent disposal problem has lead to a serious environmental issue in the recent decades. To overcome this problem ,many innovative solution have been proposed. The using this waste material in concrete can be solve these problem. It is estimated that 60 percent waste tyres are disposed via. Unknown routes in the urban as well rural area. This leads various environmental problem. The concrete is one of the most widely used construction material in the world. Cement and aggregate which are the most important ingredient in concrete production are then vital material needed for construction industry. This inevitably led to a continuous and increasing demand of natural material used for their production .Parallel to need for utilization of natural resources emerges a growing concern for protecting the environment and a need to preserve natural resources (such as aggregate ) by using alternative material which are recycled waste material. In these research a study was carried out on the use of recycled rubber tyre as a partial replacement for the coarse aggregate in concrete construction using locally available waste tyre.This leads to various environmental problem which include air pollution ,open burning of tyre. The concrete mix design are prepared using IS method for M-20 grade concrete. The specimens were cast percentage replacement of coarse aggregate 1%,2%and 5% by the shredded rubber aggregate. The prepared samples consist of concrete cubes ,cylinder, beams. The list of tests conducted are slump, workability , compressive strength ,Tensile strength ,Flexural strength. The data collection was mainly based on the tests conducted on the prepared specimens in the laboratory.

774-781

Authors: Mahesh G. Chinchole, Sanjeev N. Jain,

Image quality analysis is one of the most important measures in image research. The Objective of quality analysis is to check quality of an image or to provide a better transform representation for future automated image development. The image can be view in two way as single view or single camera image and multiview or multicamera image. The quality of image can be assessed in two ways subjective & objective. In several last year’s various subjective & objective methods have been developed for image quality analysis but for single camera images. No such research has been made on multiview or multicamera images. As per the rising demand of multiview applications, the development of this era is becoming fundamental step. The quality of multicamera image can be influence by various factors such as camera features, its calibration process, & number of cameras used for capturing the event with their orientation. In multicamera image there are basically two types of distortion are identified, Photometric distortion & Geometric distortion. The relative distortion difference between two or individual camera images is the main factor while evaluating the required quality of final image. Both the distortion can be measured in terms of index as Luminance, contrast, spatial motion & edge-based structural. Then these entire indexes are combined and processed to get the perceived quality of multicamera image. This paper will provide a review on various image quality analysis techniques with various quality parameters and various types of distortion in the image.

792-799

Authors: Govindam Sharma Nitin Sachdeva Shilpa Goyal

: Multi-value logic is defined as a non-binary logic and involves the switching between more than two states. The design of Multiple Valued Logic (MVL) digital circuits is performed by increasing the representation domain from the two level (N=2) switching algebra to N > 2 levels. More data can be transmitted by single wire having more than two levels. Multiple-valued logic (MVL) application in the design of digital devices opens large number of opportunities. It can reduce number of active elements and number of interconnection lines. In this paper we have studied universal set of quaternary gates which are further used for designing quaternary multiplexer. The circuit is designed in VHDL using ModelSim simulator. Structural modelling technique is used for designing the quaternary multiplexer.

814-823

Authors: Anchal Garg , Dr. Rohit Bajaj

Recognition of emotions in facial expressions has become a famous technique in 21st century. In this paper the facial emotion recognition will be done using the hybridization of neural network with ICA as well as genetic algorithm. Firstly the feature extraction will be done using ICA then the feature reduction will be done using genetic algorithm in which features are reduced to small dataset. Then classification of five emotions will be done like SAD, HAPPY, SURPRISE ANGRY and NEUTRAL using neural network classifiers. The whole simulation has been taken place in MATLAB environment. The result value obtained by this approach is good and efficient and requires less effort of extracting different features individually.

830-833

Authors: Shilpa Sharma

This paper discusses the various design techniques of Energy efficient and High Speed Domino Logic circuit design. Dynamic logic style is used in high speed and energy efficient circuit design because it uses the less number of transistor and fast speed in comparison to CMOS logic circuit design. Domino logic circuit design is less noise tolerant because of and they are not widely used in all types of the circuit design.

843-847

Authors: Nishant Kulkarni, Gaurav Mulay, Prof. V. V. Kale

The primary task of spacer damper is to maintain the geometry of conductor bundles, within the design limits, under the normal service conditions. It shall withstand the mechanical loads imposed during installation, maintenance and service, including short circuits, without failures and without damaging the conductors. The system is used in industry to test the conductivity and mechanical strength of the spacer dampers so that they can withstand the environmental and electrical conditions where they are used. This paper will present a damping technique for natural damper tester to test and calibrate the neoprene dampers. First, the body of the spacer will be fixed rigidly, a mass will be added to other arm such that the frequency of oscillations will be constant. The arm will be then held at one end and after one minute released. The movement of arm will be recorded for two complete cycles and the peaks of the graph are recorded. In order to make this system, the response of neoprene dampers to natural frequency will be observed and the log of their ratios will be calculated.

854-860

Authors: Prashant S Lugade1 , Manish J Deshmukh2

The flux coated tungsten inert gas (A-TIG) welding mainly focusing on increasing depth of penetration of weld and reducing width of weld bead, it is possible to weld up to 10 mm thickness plate in single pass without any joint preparation over the conventional one. SiO2 flux powder along with acetone is selected for A-TIG welding of austenitic stainless steel plate 304L plate of 6 mm thickness. The major influencing A-TIG welding process parameters, such as electrode gap, welding current, welding speed and gas flow rate are optimized to get desirable ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of weld. Hence this parameters are optimized by L9(34) orthogonal array and percentage contribution of each parameter if calculated by ANOVA a tool of Taguchi method. From experimental results it is observed that, the optimum process parameter are 1 mm electrode gap, 200 A welding current, 100 mm/min welding speed and 10 lit/min gas flow rate. The percentage contribution of process parameters for tensile strength are welding speed (44.87%), welding current (28.14%), arc gap (20.85%) and gas flow rate (6.12%).

868-873

Authors: Mr. Mahesh N Gunjal, Ms. Ketaki R Takawale, Mr. Akshay B Raut, Ms. Sonam P Jadhav, Prof.Vinod Wadne

Over the past few years, a new computer security problem has arisen, malwares and spywares. Anti-Virus techniques cannot deal with such applications or code, due to their silent infection techniques and their differences from a regular virus. Various Anti-Spyware programs have been implemented as a counter-measure but most of these programs work using the signature method, which is weak against new spyware. We has presented a data-mining framework that detects new, previously unseen malicious executables by checking their source code. This paper takes our work as a candidate and applies its techniques against a new spyware dataset collected, to see whether their techniques can be used against this new threat.

880-886

Authors: Dolly Tewatia

Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET) is a new way of communication which includes communication between vehicles moving at high speeds on the roads. Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) is a most critical class of mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) that enables roadside vehicles to intelligently interact with one another and with outside infrastructure anytime anywhere in the global network. In this paper, a new routing protocol for VANET is presented; the proposed Active Route timeout based Ad-hoc on demand Distance Vector (AODV) is named E-AODV, it uses the Active Route timeouts and hello interval parameters to select the best routing path. This paper compares the performance of the proposed E-AODV in terms of average delay, average throughput and average network load. Results reveal that E-AODV is much better than AODV.

896-905

Authors: 1DIVYA SINGLA, 2Er. ALISHA

Biometric Authentication system recognizes a person based on the physiological as well as behavioral traits. Palm vein structure pattern is unique for every human being even for the twins also. Palm vein authentication has a high level of authentication accuracy due to the uniqueness and complexity of vein patterns of the palm. Be¬cause the vein patterns of palm are inside the skin of a human being, they are a impossible to forge. Also, the system is non-intrusive (contactless) and unhygienic for use in public areas. It is more accurate than other biometric authentication such as face, iris, and retinal authentication system. In this paper we are using a maximum curvature point algorithm for feature extraction. In this actual filtering is done by constructing the filtering kernels and then estimating the centre position of their veins and their connection with central position. we are also using the concept of chain code used to represent the irregular lines of palm.

912-916

Authors: Er Sunita Swami1, Er Sonika Soni2

Now a day’s varying wireless technologies are driving today’s wireless networks to become heterogeneous, i.e., the network comprised of two or more different access network technologies. Heterogeneous networks have created many challenges such as mobility management, handoff, resource management, location management, providing QoS, security and pricing. Switching between heterogeneous networks requires seamless vertical handoff. Therefore to ensure seamless roam across heterogeneous wireless technologies, efficient vertical handoff algorithms (VHA) are required to enhance QoS and offer reliable pervasive computing environment. The selection of parameters plays an important role in the decision of vertical handoff. The parameters like bandwidth signal strength, velocity, power consumption, throughput, cost, user preferences and network load are considered during vertical handoff in all the available works .This study reviews some recently done works on vertical handover implementation using traditional and classical fuzzy logic based approaches for heterogeneous networks. The researches that considered the multi parameter based fuzzy logic concept to implement the vertical handover are discussed in this paper.

925-934

Authors: K.N.Dongre, R.P.Kamdi, S.K.Tiwari, S.S.Roy, .Y.S.Kale,

The Rapid growth of technology and infrastructure has made our lives more easy . The advent of technology has also increased the traffic hazards and the road accident take place frequently which causes huge loss of life and property because of the poor emergency facilities. Our project will provide an optimum solution to this draw back. According to this project when a vehicle meets with an accident immediately Vibration sensor will detect the signal. Microcontroller sends the alert message through the GSM MODEM including the location to police control room or a rescue team. So the police can immediately trace the location through the key for location, after receiving the information. Then after conforming the location necessary action will be taken. If the person meets with a small accident or if there is no serious threat to anyone`s life, then the alert message can be terminated by the driver by a switch provided in order to avoid wasting the valuable time of the medical rescue team. This paper is useful in detecting the accident precisely by means of both vibration sensor and smoke sensor. As there is a scope for improvement and as a future implementation we can add a wireless webcam for capturing the images which will help in providing driver`s assistance.

938-941

Authors: Reji Thomas, Nikita Chauhan and Payal

Identification of the unknown (material) is the need of the hour in the world of insecurities. Raman spectroscopy is an important technique for assigning molecular signature for detection and identification of unknown sample. Raman Spectroscopy is based on the inelastic scattering of the incident light by the vibrational test molecule. Raman spectrum is unique for particular molecule or compound and this property is employed for identification. This paper proposes a simpler, cheaper and less complex technique for capturing and analyzing the Raman spectra. A dedicated program has been developed, using Labview software, for analyzing the Raman spectrum and identifying the same. The program has been tested and has proved to detect and identify the element successfully and effectively.

956-962

Authors: Leena Taiwade, Sameena Zafar

Non-coherent detection gives straight forward receiver construction modeling then coherent detector considering the fact that it doesn't oblige carrier phase tracking or synchronization. Likewise since non-coherent demodulators/detectors meets expectations uniquely in contrast to coherent it encourages the use of multilevel non-coherent block coding which gives a greater error correcting limit at higher coding efficiency. The detailed analysis on Non-coherent system demonstrates that the coding efficiency can be further enhanced by expanding the base non-coherent distance between the modulation consolations. This outcome the improvement of new modulation strategy derived from MPSK and named as TAPSK (Twisted Amplitude Phase Shift Keying). This result the development of new modulation technique derived from MPSK and named as TAPSK (Twisted Amplitude Phase Shift Keying). The TAPSK which is a modified version of PSK where the amplitude is switched back and forth on successive constellations may provide higher coding efficiency then traditional techniques for similar error correcting capacity when configured properly for specific block size and back and forth amplitude (radius ratio). This paper presents the Impact Analysis and Comparison of Code Block Size and Radius Ratio on TAPSK Modulation for development of efficient digital communication technique under AWGN and Rayleigh Channels. Finally the simulation results are compared with traditional modulation techniques for BER and Modulation Efficiencies which shows that the TAPSK can achieve much better BER performance with a little compromise with coding efficiency.

973-979

Authors: Jatinder Singh Mann, Nidhi Chahal

Image enhancement is one of the key issues in high quality pictures such as digital cameras. Since image clarity is very easily affected by lighting, weather, or equipment that has been used to capture the image. These conditions lead to image may suffer from loss of information. The main purpose of image enhancement is to bring out detail that is hidden in an image or to increase contrast in a low contrast image. It gives a large number of choices to enhancing the visual quality of images. That’s why it is used in a huge number of applications with important challenges such as noise reduction, degradations, blurring etc. The existing techniques of image enhancement can be classified into two categories: Spatial Domain and Frequency domain enhancement. Thus, this paper reviews various methods for Image Enhancement.

986-992

Authors: First Author Second Author Third Author D.Babjan(M.Tech Student) D.Siva Shankar(Asst. Prof) B.Siva Kumar(Asst.Prof)

Over the last couple of years, the explosion of Wi-Fi enabled smartphones and 3G capable laptops coupled with the consumer and business demand for bandwidth hungry, real-time video and data applications have spiked the data traffic on mobile networks across the world, exponentially. According to Pyramid Research, the smartphone shipment is forecasted to grow from 232m units in 2010 to 532m in 2014. As a result of these new smart devices that put tons of new data-intensive applications in the hands of millions of cellular users, data traffic on today’s 3G networks has increased drastically, to the point where data traffic is outpacing new revenue for the carriers. With analysts predicting that the global mobile data is set to double every year until 2013, the situation would aggravate further - creating a problem as well as an opportunity for carriers. This Paper proposes a distribution model-based simulator and a theoretical framework that enable analytical studies of the average performance of offloading are proposed. These tools are useful for network providers to obtain a rough estimate on the average performance of offloading for a given WiFi deployment condition.

999-1003

Authors: Ayush Patni , Arathy Ajaya Kumar , Mr G Senthil Kumar

Various searches on the internet is done using personalized web search(PWS).But however , failures might be experienced when irrelevant results are returned that do not meet the requirements of the users. Such irrelevance is largely due to the enormous variety of users’ contexts and backgrounds, as well as the ambiguity of texts. However, evidences show that user’s confidential information during search has known to be public due to proliferation of PWS. We propose a PWS framework called UPS that can adaptively generalize profiles by queries while respecting user specified privacy requirements.

1014-1018

Authors: Payal, Reji Thomas, Nikita Chauhan

In this paper, we discuss about the LabVIEW based graphical applications for the measurements of signal. A virtual instrument is designed in order to serve the purpose of oscilloscope with a user friendly interface at the front panel. The designed oscilloscope is derived from a hardware instrument named Digital Phosphor Oscilloscope TDS 5104B.Firstly the original hardware device functions are examined, then a labview based VI is designed holding all the similar features like TDS 5104B.Front panel is user defined with user specific controls resulting in easy, compact and cost effective system. It is proved that the virtual instrument results in a powerful, productive, efficient, power saving and a precise measuring instrument. It provides wide range of application in future and proves to be a practical yet manipulative device.

1034-1046

Authors: Mrs. Ashwini Jigalmadi, Dr. P.K. Deshmukh

Large dataset and class imbalanced distribution of samples across the data classes are intrinsic propertied of the problems to be faced in the applications like bioinformatics, network security and text mining. The class imbalanced problem appears in the dataset, classification categories are not represented with approximately equal number of instances. In this paper, we have explored the solution to the problem of imbalanced representations of the classes in the dataset. In this method, instance selection is applied concurrently to the small class-balanced subsets of the training data. Then, subsets are combined based on the voting score calculated from the optimized pair of thresholds of minority and majority classes. We used support vector machine (SVM) and kNN classifier to perform the experiments on the dataset for analyzing the performance of proposed algorithm. On comparison, it is observe that proposed algorithm outperform the random sampling method. Further, proposed algorithm has linear computational complexity and can be easily be implemented using parallelism to have real-time performance.

1052-1056

Authors: Harshavardhan Ronge, Swapnil Wagh, Rohit Shinde

In abrasive jet machine, abrasive particles with high velocity are impacted on workpiece. Work material is removed by erosion action. High velocity of particles, proper mixing of air and abrasive paticles are important factors for good working of abrasive jet machine. Considering this, we have made design of mixing part of abrasive jet machine. This design uses pressurized abrasive feed. This pressuried abrasive powder is then mixed with high pressure air. Pressure is obtained in both uses from same pressure supply. Abrasive flow is designed to be controlled by pinch of valve. All design calculations and methodology used is given further in paper.

1068-1076

Authors: Urmila Bainsla*1, Mohini2, Kiran Rani3, Dr. Anju Gupta4

The growing stress on power system increases the complexity that becomes concern for power system stability and mainly for transient stability. For stable operation of system in event of faults, FACTS devices are used which provide opportunities in controlling power and damping oscillations. This paper presents the improvement of transient stability of multi machine power system using Static Var Compensator. SVC is an effective FACTS device in controlling voltage at required bus by means of reactive power compensation .Simulation of IEEE 3 machine 9 bus system incorporated with SVC controller is carried out in MATLAB/Simulink .The simulation results shows the effectiveness of SVC in improving the voltage profile and transient stability by damping the oscillation.

1087-1091

Authors: 1. Shyamal Kumar Roy

With the growing use of VLSI based neural networks and the development of spike-based multi-chip systems the design of spike-based learning algorithms and circuits compatible with existing solutions are becoming more important. This article clarifies some basic ideas and provides a common language for pulsed spiking neural systems and discusses pulse encoding and the relationship among various simplified models of spiking neurons in design and analysis of pulsed neural systems in VLSI.

1100-1124

Authors: Djossa B1., Tenywa M1., Elepu G2., Majaliwa M3., Basalirwa C3., Mulumba L1 and Karume K4, 5.

A study was conducted in two selected sub-catchments, namely Lwemikunya and Awoja, respectively in central and eastern Uganda, to determine the efficiency of selected management practices to reduce runoff. Drought mitigation practices were evaluated on banana (perennial), annuals (maize and cassava) and grazing lands in Lwemikunya; and annuals (sorghum and cassava) and grazing land in Awoja using the runoff approach. Runoff plots of 20 x 2m were established on demarcated experimental sites. Each of the experimental plots was sampled for selected chemical and physical soil properties at the beginning and the end of each season. Experimental data were analyzed using Genstat and variation in soil properties and biomass due to the introduction of contour bunds was evaluated using geo-statistical methods. The application of cover crop reduced significantly runoff on cassava garden (P<0.05), regular spacing of sorghum reduced significantly runoff compared to the broadcasting (P<0.05). On grazing land, the efficiency of contour bunds increased linearly with season (R2=0.87). Generally, rangelands on steep slope had the highest runoff compared to other land-uses (P<0.05). Perennials (Banana) had the lowest seasonal runoff volume. Contour bunds on annual crops reduced runoff linearly overtime (R2=0.63), though runoff increased by about 80% during the first season just after the introduction of the contour bunds. Under banana, the effect of mulch on runoff was positive even during the first season, with a relative reduction of 36.2%. Existing soil and water conservation practices present high runoff reduction efficiency and the latter increased with time. It can therefore be used to control runoff losses, and significantly increased crop yield in the two sub-catchments. There is need to sensitize the communities on the efficiency of the existing soil and water conservation practices and promotes them.

1131-1139

Authors: Prasad Ranbhare 1, Kuldip Rade2, Dr Satish kadam3, Indrajeet Shinde.

Precise prediction of vibration characteristics is complicated phenomenon. This necessity leads to the development of experimental set-up for determining the response of damped, undamped, forced, and free vibrations on the system. The primary objective of this work is to build up experimental set-up to calculate the changes in natural frequency and mode shapes for different shaft diameters, for various material changes and for varying damping. In addition, consequence of system parameters combination can be evaluated to recognize the performance of the system. FEA results are listed to realize the effects on two mass rotor systems. FFT is been coupled with experimental set-up to compute frequency response of the system. As a result the developed setup is proficient to find out experimental vibration results.

1148-1154

Authors: Uma Rathod1, Mandar Sohani2, Deepali Vora3

— One of the common way or method to authenticate identity of person is biometric recognition system. With the growing employment of the iris recognition systems and associated research to support this, the need for large databases of iris images is growing. Iris is considered to be the most unique attribute possessed by an individual and is regarded as the most reliable form of biometric authentication. We propose here, a compression scheme of iris images using Mallat Based Wavelet Transform (MBWT) through Templates of Discrete Time Cellular Neural Network (DTCNN) and Directional Filter Bank (DFB) . The complex annular part of the iris portion of the eye image contains many distinctive features such as arching ligaments, furrows and ridges. The compression algorithms developed for iris images have to preserve the details present in the iris part of the image, which are used for subsequent biometric processes. The directionality features will be analyzed by means of Directional Filter banks in MBWT-DFB. The decomposed image using MBWT-DFB can be coded effectively by using SPIHT and MK-Means codebook technique. The codebook is further encoded with arithmetic encoder. We expect the better quality of the reconstructed images as compared to the 2D wavelet decomposition. Mallat algorithm is based on the multiresolution, and it represents the wavelet transform as a pyramid. Directional Filter Bank provides the flexibility to obtain good resolution, both angularly and radially. DFB has ability to extract the 2D directional information of iris image it and gives the perfect reconstruction. For encoding the SPIHT algorithm is used.

1159-1173

Authors: Mr.Manoj.P.Wagh1, Dr.P.D.Nemade2, Mr. Sameer .R. Dhasal3.

- Distilleries are one of the backbone industries of India contributing a fair amount to nations GDP. It also contributes to India’s export. Distillery industry consumes 12-15 l of water for one liter of alcohol production, generating 4.04 x 1010 liter of unwanted residual liquid waste called spent wash. Spent wash is a dark brown colour and very high organic loading, very high chemical oxygen demand (COD) and high Biochemical Oxygen demand (BOD). Thus distillery industries have a great adverse impact on the environment. Numbers of clean up technologies have been worked out to efficiently treat the distillery spent wash. In this paper, electro coagulation with aeration is carried out by using Aluminum and Iron electrodes in a batch reactor. The effects of operating parameter such as current density, pH, agitation speed, aeration were studied. By using iron electrodes, the maximum colour removal 99.78 % was observed at a 25 Voltage for pH 8. UV spectrophotometer was used to find out colour removal. Maximum COD removal was found to be 85.71% at pH 3 for an electro coagulation time of 150 minutes.

1178-1186

Authors: Neha Mahajan1, Dr. Ajay kumar2, Sourabh Mahajan3

Due to their rapid and promising development, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have been predicted to invade all domains in our daily life in the near future. However in order to reach their maturity, researchers must find solution to some difficulties which are slowing down the wide spread use of these networks. Wireless sensor network comprise resource sensor nodes that are used to sense the environment, transmit the data to base station for further processing. Only cluster head is used for gathering data from each cluster and transmit that data to base station. Due to unbalancing in clustering process result, thereby causing packet loss, network lifetime, degradation of quality of services metrics. In this study we propose a token bucket algorithm technique that is used to increase the mobility and heterogeneity of the nodes to detect the congestion in network. The experimental result demonstrate that TBACCC achieved better performance in term of data transmission to base station, network lifetime and other quality of services metrics compared with priority based application specific congestion control clustering.

1192-1200

Authors: Srinath KS#1, Aditya Kumar#2, Ankit Shrivastava#3 , Kumar Pranav#4, K Rohan#5

— Web Services provides flexibility and interconnection between different systems, the communication in Web Services uses Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) a simple, robust, and extensible protocol that is the most widely used for communication protocol in the Web services model. SOAP message that is being sent to the client needs to be secured from the attackers over the open internet and should also make sure that the response time is minimal. In this paper, the SOAP message is encrypted whole or selective portion using AES (Advanced Encryption Scheme) encryption technique. The SAX parser is used to reduce the memory consumption and execution time for parsing SOAP request, response documents. To optimize the SOAP performance, response time is analyzed for both complete and selective encrypted soap document and results are found satisfactory for selective encryption technique.

1207-1211

Authors: Anil Kumar Gupta1, Shardanand Prabhakar2, Priyanka Usha3

In this paper, a modified circle fractal antenna is proposed for wireless applications. The antenna under investigation is fed by a 50 ohm microstrip line. The basic shape of the fractal antenna is a circle which is modified with a monopole and iteration of self similar design. Wide bandwidth of 2.62 GHz and 5.73 GHz is obtained between 1.26-3.88 GHz and 4.73-10.86 GHz respectively. Various parameters of the proposed antenna is studied thoroughly and presented in the paper.

1216-1219

Authors: Anil Chhikara

Image Compression addresses the problem of reducing the amount of data required to represent the digital image. Compression is achieved by the removal of one or more of three basic data redundancies Coding redundancy, which is present when less than optimal code words are used; Inter pixel redundancy, which results from correlations between the pixels of an image & psycho visual redundancy which is due to data that is ignored by the human visual system. Huffman codes contain the smallest possible number of code symbols per source symbol) subject to the constraint that the source symbols are coded one at a time. So, Huffman coding when combined with technique of reducing the image redundancies using Discrete Cosine Transform helps in compressing the image data to a very good extent. The DC relocates the highest energies to the upper left corner of the image. The lesser energy or information is relocated into other areas. From the simulation of the proposed algorithm, it can be concluded that classic DCT with Coarse quantization gives best output and number of coefficient should be around half of the net coefficient to reconstruct the image.

1225-1229

Authors: Mohammed Yusuf Sagri, Prof. S.S. Kadam

Fibres are generally mixed with concrete to enhance the resistance of cracking and strengthening of concrete. In this project, tests were carried out on steel fibre reinforced concrete to check the influence of fibres and silica fume on flexural strength of concrete. According to various research papers, it has been found that addition of steel fibres and silica fume enhances the strength of the concrete. In this project practical tests were carried out to find out optimum quantity of steel fibres required to achieve the maximum flexural strength for higher grades of concrete. Tests were also carried out on the concrete by placing the steel fibres in layers within the concrete at different depths. From the exhaustive and extensive experimental work it was found that with increase in steel fibre content (by weight of concrete) there was tremendous increase in Flexural strength. The minimum fibre content tested against different percentage of silica fume (5%, 10%, and 15%) and flexure strength is obtained. The experimental results were checked using linear regression technique. The results obtained by this test were used to design pavements to determine the advantages of mixing steel fibre and silica fume in high strength concrete.

1234-1237

Authors: 1Dr. Shweta Verma, 2Ravi Mishra, 3Bishal Pandit, 4Anahita Chatterjee, 5Swapnali. S.Jadhav,6Pragati S Gaoture,7Pooja .H. Sarode

Phytoremediation has been widely used for the wastewater treatment technology. In this study Eichhornia Crassipes (Water Hyacinth) has been used to investigate its capacity to remediate for heavy metals Chromium, Zinc, Nickel, chemical parameters; BOD, COD, pH, Total hardness, Sulphate and Physical parameters; TSS and TDS in landfill leachate. This plant seemed to be an effective choice due to its ability to survive in extreme to moderate conditions and also since it is a perennial plant. Conducted by placing the plant biomass into a high density polyethylene (HDPE) tub (14 liters) filled with the leachate sample exposed to natural conditions. The plant performed extremely well in removal of Nickel and Zinc i.e. 95.65 % and 92.31% respectively. It was capable of removing TSS and TDS by 90% and 79.57% respectively after a period of 15 days. The plants couldn’t survive in the leachate for long, the leaves of the plants due to the toxicity of the leachate was unable to survive for the entire 15 day research period.

1247-1252

Authors: 1Preeti Soni , 2Amit Kumar

The VANET vehicles must be equipped with a radio transceiver and computer control module, so that they can be used as a network node. The wireless network coverage range of each vehicle may be limited to a few hundred meters; each node can be either a transceiver or a router. The paper presents a survey based study of routing protocols for VANET

1268-1278

Authors: Wibowo 1, Suripin 2, Kodoatie 2, Isdiayana

Resistance to the flow is very important and is the main parameter in determining the elevation of the water surface. Resistance flow in alluvial channel changes with the flow and sediment transport conditions can cause changes in the bedform. Various forms of the bedform, especially in the lower flow regime (lower regime) have an influence on the bed roughness. Due to the complexity of the development of bedform, some existing methods may differ drastically from each other in predicting the shape of the bedform. In this paper, conducted laboratory experiments to investigate the geometry of the sand hill in the bed channels and its effect on the flow resistance in the channels. Experiments performed in the hydraulic laboratory flume at the Balai River of Solo and some secondary data using sand particles. Simple relationship is sought to dimension through some basic configuration parameters of dimensions. The results obtained between roughness basic and basic shapes expressed in the form n '/ n' = 18.198 (Δ/h) + 0.426 with a correlation coefficient of (R2) = 0.742.

1284-1291

Authors: Mr. Avinash Sanganna1, Dr. Mohammed Abdul Waheed2

Modern scientific databases and web databases maintain large and heterogeneous data. The static query forms are not able to satisfy various ad-hoc queries on those types of databases. Through customize forms user can modify but he must be familiar with the database schema. Hence it proposes an interactive query form which is able to generate query forms at runtime. The generation of a query form is an iterative process until the user is satisfied. At each iteration, the system generates clusters to represent results and the user can choose the cluster then the attributes will be choose by the system and it will calculate F-measure of those attributes and update the query form by adding those components. It utilizes the expected F-Measure for measuring the goodness of a query form.

1298-1307

Authors: Ms A.A.Herle, Mr. P.R.Kulkarni

Heat exchangers have several industrial and engineering applications. The design procedure of heat exchangers is quite complicated, as it needs exact analysis of heat transfer rate and pressure drop estimations apart from issues such as long-term performance and the economic aspect of the equipment. Whenever inserts are used for the heat transfer enhancement, along with the increase in the heat transfer rate, the pressure drop also increases. This increase in pressure drop increases the pumping cost. Therefore any augmentation device should optimize between the benefits due to the increased heat transfer coefficient and the higher cost involved because of the increased frictional losses. Experimental work on heat transfer augmentation using annular blockages. Inserts when placed in the path of the flow of the fluid, create a high degree of turbulence resulting in an increase in the heat transfer rate and the pressure drop. The work includes the determination of friction factor and heat transfer coefficient for various annular blockages and annular blockages having different diameter. The results of annular blockages having different diameter have been compared with the values for the plain tube. Four annular blockages (di=20%, 30%, 40% & 50% reduction in outer diameter) are used in the study.

1318-1321

Authors: Lakshmipriya. S

Medical images are compressed before storage and transmission because of the bandwidth and storage limitations. After compression the redundancy and irrelevance of image data is reduced without affecting the quality of the image. The compression of images allows more images to be stored memory. The time required to send the images over the internet and download from the web pages are also be reduced. There are different ways for compressing the images. Each techniques has its own advantages and disadvantages. Image compression also provides a level of security against illicit monitoring.

1328-1333

Authors: 1Mr S. G. Galande Ph .D.Scholar RTMNU,

— The system is a low-cost greenhouse real time monitoring is used to increase the food production. Because day by day the population goes on increasing manner and requirement of the food go on increasing, so, for fullfilment of the requirement we have to increase the productivity. With this system we can increase the food production with minimum effort and minimum use of man power. System measures various parameters like NPK, humidity, temp, co2 sensors. Soil condition check by different parameters and decide fertilizer requirement of soil and ultimately useful to manage content of same in chemical mixing during formation of fertilizer. Keywords—N, P, K (nitrogen, Pottasium, Phosphate ).

1338-1346

Authors: Monika1, Mona2, Prof. Ela Kumar3

Being in an information era, where search engines are the supreme gateways for access of information on web. The efficiency and reliability of search engines are significantly affected by the presence of large amount of duplicate content present on World Wide Web. Web storage indexes are also affected by the presence of duplicate documents over web which leads to slowing down of serving results with high costs. Search results which consist of a collection of identical data takes seek time of user for finding relevant information. Duplicate contents on World Wide Web are present in multiple instances like data present on mirror sites, search results showing different hostname in urls but containing same content and many more. In this paper for escalation of search results a technique is being proposed in a mobile web crawler which aims to eliminate duplicate web pages in a respective domain in order to improve search engine efficiency where user will be able to get relevant results with respect to its query without letting wastage of network bandwidth and decrease the load on remote host which serves such web pages in order to provide low storage cost in comparatively less amount of time. The proposed result optimization technique is supposed to enhance the search engine effectiveness to a large scale.

1353-1357

Authors: 1.Dr.A.Pandhare, 2.Aakash Dorwat, 3.Atul Shirode,

This paper describes about the design and fabrication of various parts of a swiveling mechanism. Overall, this machine involves process like design, fabrication and assembly of different components etc. In India, we have lots of plants which are having the induction furnaces. The most threatening concern is Air pollution and pollutants which are emitted from the furnace. To control all the effects controlling the air pollution is mandatory work; for this Air Pollution Control (APC) system is installed. This APC system involves a Hood which is fixed over a furnace to guide the exhaust flue gases towards the filtrations bags. The stationary hood was the major problem, while pouring the raw material in furnace it was becoming an obstruction. Without moving a whole assembly a small revolving mechanism as swiveling mechanism is designed the installed. This has helped in moving the hood and making the process simple for the workers.

1363-1368

Authors: Teenu Bharti, Mrs. Kusum Dalal, Swati

Wireless sensor networks consisting of no. of small sensor nodes, sense the surroundings and report what is happening in the region in which they are deployed. In wireless sensor networks sensor nodes continuously transfer the information to base station and most of energy of the nodes consumed in transmitting and receiving the data. Hence because of limited and non rechargeable power resource their energy get drained. This results in reducing the lifetime of whole network. In wireless sensor networks sensing nodes are not rechargeable and also their used up batteries can not be replaced. Thus the energy efficiency is most significant requirement in these type of wireless networks. Based on energy efficiency this paper concentrates on comparative analysis of routing protocols: LEACH, PEGASIS, Multi chain PEGASIS; as well as finding most energy efficient routing protocol in wireless sensor network. So that highly energy efficient protocol can be used to increase lifetime of network.

1372-1377

Authors: Ms. Pranjali S. Bele

A scheme i.e. a Local Directional Number Pattern (LDN) is introduced for face and expression recognition. LDN is used to extracts the local features from facial textures and using the directional and sign information encodes it in quite compact code which provides more detailed and discriminated information. The sign information is probably used to evaluate the intensity variations due to presence of similar structural patterns. The LDN acts as a face descriptor which concatenates all the extracted local features into a single feature vector for the face recognition. Furthermore, support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier is used in order to evaluate the performance of the method. Various approaches have been proposed for the FER in the past several decades. The current-state-of-art techniques for classification of facial expression mainly focus on gray-scale features of the images. For more robust classification results we take into account the color feature data. Recent research reveals that the color information of the face helps to improve the face recognition and the image retrieval information.

1385-1393

Authors: Amit Pratap Singh, Dr. R.C. Jain

Several files have been examines in the computer system forensic observation, These files made up of unstructured text therefore it is hard to analyzes them, this leads to the introduction of the automated techniques, The clustering in any algorithm provides fresh and important information by observing the documents, We have shown this work process to convert the clustering algorithm to the forensic analysis of those computer, We can get this by modifying the algorithm, which differ from the content that is used to make a cluster. Here we deal with the work process for the clustering of the document in the forensic investigation. here we relate it with the K-means algorithm, With the help of some experiment that’s results like there is a improvement in the performance ratio of the computers, We have also focus on some other results which are essential for the researchers of forensic computing .This work become active by the application of the MATLAB.

1405-1410

Authors: Sakthi Kumar Arul Prakash,

Vehicles in road and material handling systems’ in industries are a great boon to humans as it vividly reduces effort put in to accomplish any work. How well we use them and how much benefits we yield from these is a question. Lately, newspapers and reports have baffled us with huge information on accident issues. Accidents caused due to the use of vehicles in road are primarily caused due to rash driving, drink and drive, hand phone driving, loss of concentration due to psychological feelings.etc. In industrial environments accidents happen due to improper material handling systems. As technology keeps improvising, effort has to be put into safety of humans as well; accidents do happen just at the spur of the moment, but we do have the capacity to prevent them if not avoid them. This paper brings to light a novel idea which can save lives and prevent accidents. Basically, a simple mechanism is involved. Ultrasonic instrumentation can be readily exploited, coupled with a microcontroller for a feel of feedback, to effectively provide braking power to the different transportation agents we use.

1424-1433

Authors: Preeti Gaur 1, Neeraj Manglani 2

Along with the increasing availability of multimedia applications the growth of the Internet has spawned a number of copyright issues. Digital watermarking is one of the areas that this growth has fueled. It is the common technique of embedding a splash of information in the unique file, such that a changed file is obtained. The splash of information, thus included, serves one of different uses, such as sensing tampering, reassuring integrity or identifying piracy. The Watermarking approaches are diverse and can be broadly classified based on their visibility, robustness, or fragility. Their uses are also adaptable, as they can be applied to images, text, video or audio. In this paper, we have shown N – significant bit watermarking and the results showing the best possible watermarking. In this paper the implementation of watermarking is done by using MATLAB software. MATLAB is a superior dialect for specialized registering. It contains features of visualization, processing, and programming in a user friendly environment where issues and arrangements are communicated in the recognizable numerical documentation

1444-1446

Authors: Khushboo Sahal1 Mr. Rakesh Sharma2

ZigBee is an IEEE 802.15.4 standard for data communications with business and consumer devices. It employs a suite of technologies to enable scalable, self-organizing, self-healing networks that can manage various data traffic patterns. ZigBee is a low-cost, low-power, wireless mesh networking standard. The low cost allows the technology to be widely deployed in wireless control and monitoring applications, the low power-usage allows longer life with smaller batteries. This paper proposes an integrated approach towards Transmission of High Quality of Voice Data using 8-bit Microcontroller through Zigbee. Here Zigbee technology is used since it provides seamless addressable connectivity, simple and low cost wireless communication and networking solution for low data rate and low power consumption applications. Generally, Voice over Zigbee networks uses 32- bit Micro Controllers. These prototypes have complex circuitry and thus very expensive. Here, in this project we have made a prototype that uses low power 8- bit Micro Controller and Off the Shelf components, which makes it cost effective and easy for production. Because of its low cost and easy availability of components, it can be easily deployed in circuit that uses voice communication. This work is quite helpful in applications such as home monitoring and automation, environmental monitoring, green telecommunication, industry control, controlling multiple embedded devices with voice signal and emerging low rate wireless sensor applications.

1448-1452

Authors: Amit Dabas, Ashish Kumar Sharma

— SQL Injection is not new attack to our web applications and because of its awareness now it’s on decline every year but still advanced SQL injections are getting introduced and effecting the web applications constantly. In this paper we will analyze an example of Advanced Blind SQL injection with improved query structure using regular expressions which has made blind SQL injection faster and more effective than normal Blind Injection. Better we understand an attack better we find its cure.

1465-1471

Authors: Deepti1, Rajiv Bansal2

Image Processing has an important role in automation of visual inspection. In Pharmaceutical industry, drugs are to be produced on massive scale. Now-a-days, medicines have an important role in human life. Many diseases should have required proper medication. These drugs may be broken when manufactured. There may be side-effect of these defected drugs when consumed. So, the manufactured drugs should be properly inspected so that they do not cause any side-effect on human bodies. Hand-operated inspection of these drugs that are manufactured on massive scale takes a lot of time and hence a challenging task. So, this paper proposed an idea to inspect damaged tablets and missing capsules. A novel method is introduced i.e. detection of damaged pharmaceutical drugs with Centre of Mass (COM) edge detection method. This method involves finding edges of tablets by knowing their Centre. The missing capsules in the blister are audited by Color Detection Method.

1479-1486

Authors: Pankaj C. Patil, Prof. R. D. Shelke

Aluminium alloys are alloys in which aluminium is the predominant metal. The typical alloying elements copper, magnesium, magnese, silicon, tin and zinc. Al and aluminium alloys plays an important role in engineering and metallurgy field because of fabrication and formability.TIG welding technique is one of the precise and fastest processes used in aerospace industries, ship industries, automobile industries, nuclear industries and marine industries. TIG welding process is used to analyzed the data and evaluate the influence of input parameters on tensile strength and hardness of aluminium specimen .Welding current , gas flow rate and welding speed are the input parameters which affect output responses of aluminium welded joints . To improve welding quality of aluminum plate pre and post welding precautions must be taken during welding process. TIG welding is a high quality welding process used to weld the aluminium. Welding of AL plate by varying input parameters, the output parameters get studied optimized so that better quality of welded joints will develop. 7005 AL alloy are alloy are alloyed with zinc and have highest strength of any easy weldable aluminium alloy. 7005 aluminium alloy is relatively soft, easily machined, durable, recycle, light weight, ductile and malleable metal with appearance silvery. It is non magnetic and does not easily ignite. Al has about one third density and stiffness of steel. From the literature study, it is found that welding of aluminium is a big challenge by conventional arc welding process. Again repeatability of welding depends on its control on welding speed and other processing parameters. In this work to perform welding of 5 mm thickness 7005 aluminium alloy plate, TIG welding setup will use. Welding of the 7005 aluminium alloy plate will do by changing the welding parameters. Effect of welding parameters on the tensile strength and hardness of weld joint will analyze.

1496-1502

Authors: 1Akshara B. Dave, 2Dr. Sanjay M. Shah

Software development life Cycle (SDLC) is an essential activity in terms of Software development process. In this paper, we have elaborated the term “Requirement management”. Different natures, types of stakeholders, and their form of documents given at time of discussion are the questions whose answers are tried to be given through this paper. We describe the specific behavior which shapes an individual’s imagination towards a developed system. The major road map is management of requirements throughout system development. Generally, this paper focuses on such points that make the term “Requirement Management” a basic and in depth process hence, an essential portion.

1510-1520

Authors: Singh Shailendra*, Jain Utkarsh, Nimoriya Manish Kumar, Faraz Md. Islamuddin

In general Reinforced concrete slab type deck are often referred to as culverts and are commonly used for small spans. This type of super structure is economical for spans up to 8 m. for longer spans reinforced concrete continuous bridges are generally adopted for longer multiple spans. The bridge deck comprises either the solid slab, Tee beam and slab or box girders continuous over several spans. Continuous solid slab bridges are economical for shorter spans while Tee beam and slab continuous bridges are economical in the span range of 10 to 35 meters. The object of the present work is to convert the simply supported bridges into continuous bridges and then to compare the behavior of continuous bridges with that of simply supported bridges. For this purpose six cases of simply supported are considered. To study the comparison with simply supported bridges, the bending moments developed in continuous bridges are considerably less and consequently smaller sections can be adopted resulting in economy of steel and concrete. The ultimate moment capacity of continuous bridge deck is greater than that of simply supported decks due to the phenomenon of redistribution of moments in continuous structures. Observation shows that up to 6 m span dead load moments are @ 63% of live load moments and at 8 m span theses are almost equal. At 10 m and 12 m spans dead load moments are 1.50 times and 2.40 times of that of dead load moments respectively. Therefore from slab design view point it is better to go for continuous two or three spans in multiple of 4 m, 5 m and 6 m. Present work provides at least two continuous spans may be taken in place of single span when bridge length is more than 6 m.

1531-1538

Authors: Prashant A. Chavan1 Nana M.Mulik 2 Dipak.S.Patare3

Day by day the production of tyre increases because of rapid growth of automobile industry. Increase in stockyard of tyre produces environmental mal-effects. Use of waste tyre rubber as aggregate in concrete reduces the harmful effect on surrounding environment and also solves the problem of disposal. In this study, the waste tyre crumb rubber particle (WTCRP) with three different sizes(R1,R2,R3) are partially replaced to the fine aggregate in concrete with varying percentages from 0.5 % to 7% to check the energy absorption capacity of concrete. It is important in seismic design, shock absorbing structures and structural element where more deflection is occurs. An attempt is made in this paper to cast and test the cylindrical specimen of size 150 mm ø x 50 mm depth made with plane cement concrete and concrete with WTCRP of M25 grade. For impact loads with a steel ball drop weight the concrete with different sizes and varying percentages was used. The result shows that , In R1(WTCRP) specimen the energy absorption capacity increases upto 3% crumb rubber(CR) replacement, in R2 specimen it increases upto 4% CR replacement and in R3 specimen it increases upto 5% CR replacement. After these percentages for further increment in CR replacement upto 7% , the energy absorption capacity decreases. From literature review it is concluded that, with increase in rubber content compressive strength of concrete decreases.

1553-1564

Authors: 1H. Nawsath Ali (PG – Scholar), 2 S.Sakthi., M.E.,M.B.A., (Asst.Professor), 3C. Ilamvazhuthi., M.E., (Asst.Professor),

Weight reduction while maintaining functional requirements is one of the major goals of engineering design and manufacturing so that materials, energy, and costs are saved and damage to the environment is reduced. The use of lightweight magnesium (Mg) alloy offers significant potential to improve automotive fuel efficiency. However, the application of formed magnesium alloy components in auto-body structures is restricted due to this material’s low formability at room temperature and lack of knowledge for processing magnesium alloys at elevated temperature. In this study, finite element heat transfer analysis has been conducted of dissimilar rectangular plate of Mg alloy AZ31B and HK31A at elevated temperatures.

1588-1597

Authors: Milan Sasmal 1, Debasmita Mula 2

— For Switched Reluctance Motor drive, design of controller i.e. current controller and speed controller is very essential. This paper represent the speed controlled drive of SRM, with the design of controller, where the speed is controlled in outer loop of the drive and current is controlled in inner loop. And the drive is simulated in MATLAB Simulink, R2014a with a condition of applying load in different time and the output response of the motor is observed for different load condition.

1605-1612

Authors: Aastha Saini1, Vivek Sharma2

A model clone is a set of similar or identical fragments in a model of the system. Understanding and identifying model clones are important aspects in software evolution. During the evolution of the software product cloning is often a strategic means for the same. Same software bugs and defects are replicated that reoccurs, throughout the software at its evolving as well its maintenance phase. Software clones are important aspects in software evolution. If a system is to be evolved, its clones should be known in order to make consistent changes. Cloning is often a strategic means for evolution. This paper is about detecting Clones utilizing the Model architectures using C K Metric suite.

1622-1625

Authors: Dharitri Talukdar1, Prof (Dr.) Lakshmi P. Saikia2

In today’s competitive digital economy, the applications of cyber world require high level of security for expensive data. In recent years, a lot of research has taken place in direction to trim down the security issues by contributing various approaches. Cryptography is such a technique to secure data. Cryptography means secret (crypto) writing (graphy). Cryptography can be categorized into symmetric cryptography and asymmetric cryptography. This paper covers fair comparison between four most commonly used symmetric and asymmetric key algorithms: DES, AES, BLOWFISH, and RSA which are helpful in network security.